Hub : Genes

ACTR1A

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0260 0.0140 8.9e-03 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.001 4.7e-02 5.6e-02 7.7e-02 5.7e-02 2.1e-01
2 GTEx Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes 0.2240 0.0780 3.8e-05 0.182 NA 0.147 NA 0.191 1.5e-06 NA 1.6e-05 NA 8.0e-07
3 GTEx Liver 0.1510 0.0760 6.4e-03 0.005 NA -0.010 NA -0.005 2.3e-01 NA 7.8e-01 NA 4.6e-01
4 GTEx Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg 0.0760 0.0330 4.2e-04 0.057 NA 0.068 NA 0.054 1.6e-05 NA 2.7e-06 NA 3.0e-05
5 NTR Blood 0.0272 0.0102 2.4e-07 0.027 0.027 0.028 0.028 0.027 3.8e-09 3.4e-09 1.4e-09 1.8e-09 2.9e-09
6 TCGA Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0242 0.0160 3.8e-03 0.020 0.016 0.008 NA 0.017 2.4e-03 5.4e-03 3.6e-02 NA 4.6e-03
7 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.0356 0.0225 4.4e-03 0.013 0.025 0.002 NA 0.015 1.2e-02 7.1e-04 1.8e-01 NA 6.5e-03

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.4 2.2 7.0 -0.7 -1.3 2.7 -1.1 -0.2 1.1 -1.9
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 5.1 12.3 37.7 -2.8 -4.6 6.1 -3.0 -1.8 0.7 -2.8
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.8 1.8 3.6 -1.5 -1.1 0.1 0.8 -1.8 -1.2 1.9
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.9 1.4 5.2 -0.7 -0.7 2.3 0.1 -1.4 -0.7 1.1
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 2.8 8.7 28.1 3.1 2.5 5.3 -0.8 1.9 2.4 -2.7
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 2.8 6.7 11.5 -3.3 -3.4 3.2 -0.6 -2.8 -1.7 1.7
Schizophrenia (2018) 5.7 11.8 33.0 -3.0 -4.8 5.7 -2.9 -2.1 0.0 -2.0
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 2.2 2.9 6.7 -2.6 -2.1 1.3 -1.3 -2.0 -1.1 0.6
Worry (Nagel 2018) 6.9 14.5 30.0 -4.6 -5.2 5.5 -2.3 -3.5 -2.1 1.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.8 0.9 1.9 -1.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -1.2 -1.1 1.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.1 -0.2 0.6
Crohns Disease (2017) 1.2 2.6 3.5 1.5 1.3 -1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 -1.7
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 2.6 6.3 11.0 1.9 2.0 -0.9 2.4 2.8 3.3 -3.3
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 3.2 5.9 10.8 2.0 2.1 -0.1 2.1 2.9 3.3 -2.9
Major Depression (MDD) 1.2 1.5 3.0 0.1 -0.7 1.6 1.2 0.6 1.7 -1.6
Reaction Time 6.2 11.8 18.2 -3.8 -3.3 3.0 -3.6 -4.3 -3.7 1.8
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 2.5 5.9 11.5 3.4 2.7 3.4 -1.0 1.9 1.8 -1.9
Breast Cancer 0.7 1.6 4.4 -0.9 -0.5 0.6 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 2.1
Ovarian Cancer 0.8 1.1 3.7 -0.6 1.2 -1.1 1.9 0.1 -0.2 0.8
Prostate Cancer 9.2 12.9 17.7 -3.9 -4.0 2.5 -3.2 -4.2 -4.2 2.8
Age at First Birth 0.9 1.3 4.2 0.9 1.8 2.0 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.5
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 2.7 2.6 6.9 0.2 -1.6 2.0 -0.5 1.1 1.8 -2.6
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 1.5 2.1 5.3 1.4 1.1 -2.3 -0.2 -0.1 -1.2 2.1
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 2.5 3.0 5.1 -2.0 -2.3 2.3 -1.5 -0.8 0.6 -1.8
Crohns Disease (2012) 3.9 6.2 9.3 2.8 2.5 -1.2 2.4 2.8 3.0 -2.4
Mean Putamen Volume 3.8 4.4 8.9 0.9 3.0 0.2 2.5 2.1 2.7 -1.7
Fasting Glucose 2.0 2.4 6.3 1.0 2.5 -2.0 1.7 1.5 0.1 -0.3
HbA1C 0.5 0.6 1.6 -1.2 -1.1 0.8 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.0
HDL Cholesterol 0.2 0.4 0.9 -1.0 -0.9 0.7 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.2
LDL Cholesterol 0.7 1.1 3.2 -1.8 -0.8 -0.5 -0.1 -1.3 -0.9 1.0
Lupus 1.1 1.6 6.4 1.6 2.5 -0.4 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.3
Neuroticism (2016) 2.6 3.7 6.5 -2.4 -1.5 2.3 -1.5 -2.5 -1.6 1.1
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.4 0.6 2.0 -0.8 -0.3 -1.4 0.4 0.0 0.6 -0.9
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.3 1.7 3.8 2.0 1.1 -1.4 1.0 1.6 1.1 -0.5
Schizophrenia (2014) 5.5 12.2 31.5 -3.4 -4.6 5.6 -3.1 -2.4 0.1 -2.2
Triglycerides 0.3 0.4 2.0 -0.4 0.4 -1.4 0.5 -0.1 0.6 -0.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.0 1.2 3.1 0.1 -0.7 1.5 0.2 0.8 1.4 -1.8
Ulcerative Colitis 7.6 11.1 20.1 2.8 2.7 -1.1 2.7 4.1 4.5 -4.1
Blood Eosinophil Count 1.3 9.9 29.8 0.4 1.9 1.0 3.0 3.1 3.9 -5.5
Blood Platelet Count 3.3 38.4 65.9 5.6 6.2 -2.9 5.5 6.5 7.1 -8.1
Blood Red Count 0.3 2.6 11.4 0.1 -0.6 1.9 0.5 0.1 1.6 -3.4
Blood White Count 4.6 33.9 45.3 6.1 4.2 -5.2 4.7 6.7 6.7 -6.5
Heel T-Score 1.0 7.6 16.4 0.6 1.0 3.6 1.4 3.2 3.2 -4.0
BMI 2.2 12.5 47.6 1.0 1.6 -4.7 -0.2 -1.4 -3.6 6.9
Height 11.3 217.3 338.6 15.4 16.1 -3.5 14.7 18.4 17.5 -12.3
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 2.4 10.9 17.7 2.1 2.3 1.8 3.9 3.8 4.2 -4.1
Systolic Blood Pressure 2.2 11.2 34.3 -3.4 -5.9 4.5 -1.9 -2.5 -0.4 -1.6
Smoking Status 15.4 36.9 94.7 7.6 5.4 -9.7 5.7 5.3 3.5 -1.7
Allergy or Eczema 14.0 37.0 62.9 -6.5 -5.2 2.4 -6.2 -7.9 -7.6 4.9
Cardiovascular Disease 1.5 4.8 11.3 1.5 0.5 1.8 1.6 2.1 3.2 -3.4
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.5 1.2 3.0 0.7 0.7 -1.6 1.7 1.3 0.6 -0.0
Respiratory disease 2.4 5.4 10.5 -3.0 -2.0 -0.8 -0.7 -3.2 -3.0 1.9
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 2.0 3.7 11.9 2.2 3.5 -1.3 1.8 1.9 0.9 -0.1
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 1.3 6.7 27.1 1.5 -1.0 -5.2 -0.5 -0.6 -1.8 3.6
Lung FVC 1.2 6.0 8.2 -2.5 -2.3 -1.8 -2.9 -2.7 -2.8 2.0
Neuroticism 3.8 9.2 15.9 -3.6 -4.0 3.5 -1.7 -3.4 -2.4 1.7
Chronotype (morning person) 0.7 1.7 4.6 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.2 0.7 -0.9 2.2
Hair Pigment 0.0 0.7 2.8 -1.7 -0.7 0.5 1.0 -0.5 0.2 -0.3
Tanning 0.4 5.0 21.4 4.6 2.6 -0.5 0.9 2.2 1.1 -0.4
Hand grip strength (left) 9.5 25.0 49.4 3.7 4.8 -7.0 6.7 5.4 3.8 -0.5
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.5 1.7 -0.3 -1.1 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.7 -1.3
Average weekly spirits intake 0.5 0.6 4.2 -0.1 -0.2 -2.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 1.2 2.0 5.4 -2.3 -1.4 2.1 0.3 -1.4 -0.5 0.4
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.0 0.3 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.4 -0.4
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 4.8 7.4 13.1 2.9 2.2 0.5 2.8 3.1 3.6 -2.8
Relative age of first facial hair 2.0 4.1 5.8 2.4 1.8 -1.8 1.9 2.4 2.1 -1.9
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.6 0.8 4.0 -0.6 -0.4 0.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.7 -2.0
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.5 1.9 6.9 -2.6 -0.9 0.1 0.4 -1.8 -1.1 0.9
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 1.9 2.2 4.4 -1.8 -2.1 1.2 -0.7 -1.4 -1.5 1.2
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 2.1 6.2 19.4 -2.3 -4.4 2.7 -1.9 -2.6 -1.0 -0.1
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 2.9 3.2 9.6 1.1 1.8 -3.1 2.5 0.9 0.8 -0.6
Angina 0.8 1.0 2.8 0.7 0.6 -0.3 0.7 1.1 1.7 -1.2
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.6 0.7 2.7 0.5 -0.8 -1.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 -1.6
Vitamin and mineral supplements 2.3 3.1 11.2 -1.3 -1.7 3.4 -1.5 -1.6 -0.9 0.6
Supplements: Zinc 2.9 3.1 7.1 1.4 1.8 -2.7 2.0 1.7 1.6 -0.5
Medication: Co-codamol 0.5 0.6 3.0 -0.3 -1.7 0.2 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 0.3
Medication: Metformin 1.3 1.9 5.9 1.0 1.8 -2.4 1.1 1.3 0.4 0.1
Diabetes (father) 0.6 0.7 3.4 0.3 0.2 -1.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.8
Diabetes (mother) 3.5 4.4 7.2 2.4 2.3 -0.6 2.3 2.7 2.0 -1.8
Severe depression (siblings) 2.1 2.3 4.6 -0.8 -1.8 1.7 -2.1 -1.7 -1.3 -0.2
Pack years adult smoking proportion 1.7 2.5 8.0 2.7 0.8 -2.8 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.1
Impedance of leg (right) 2.2 10.9 32.8 0.3 -1.1 5.2 0.7 1.6 3.5 -5.7
Leg fat-free mass (left) 4.1 21.9 39.0 5.5 5.9 -6.2 4.2 4.9 2.8 0.9
Trunk fat percentage 0.3 1.2 2.7 1.1 1.3 -1.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.6 1.7
Hand grip strength (right) 6.7 18.3 44.9 3.2 3.4 -6.7 5.4 4.7 3.2 -0.3
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 2.9 4.1 14.0 2.5 1.7 -3.7 2.1 1.2 0.4 -0.0
Current tobacco smoking 7.4 12.1 29.7 4.7 3.3 -5.5 3.2 2.9 1.8 -0.3
Average weekly fortified wine intake 1.3 1.5 5.5 -1.6 -1.0 2.3 -0.5 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3
Maternal smoking around birth 8.6 12.4 43.6 3.3 2.8 -6.6 3.6 2.9 1.8 -0.6
Fed-up feelings 1.2 2.2 3.8 -1.7 -1.2 -0.9 0.7 -1.7 -1.6 2.0
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.5 1.2
Relative age voice broke 1.1 1.7 2.7 1.5 0.6 -0.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 -1.5
Taking other prescription medications 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.5 -0.7 1.0 0.0 -0.9 -0.4 -0.0
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.9 4.6 9.0 2.0 1.9 -3.0 1.7 2.4 1.6 -2.0
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 4.2 4.9 6.0 -2.2 -2.4 2.4 -2.5 -2.4 -2.2 1.4
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 1.7 3.8 12.7 0.5 -0.4 2.5 0.3 1.8 1.9 -3.6
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.5
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.7 0.9 3.1 -0.5 0.2 -1.8 1.1 -0.5 -0.7 1.1
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 1.4 1.8 3.4 -1.0 -0.7 1.6 -1.1 -1.8 -1.6 1.1
High blood pressure 1.4 4.0 10.6 1.7 -0.1 1.8 1.1 1.6 2.7 -3.2
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 11.7 25.4 43.7 -5.4 -4.3 1.7 -5.0 -6.6 -6.4 4.2
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.9 1.2 3.6 0.6 1.4 -1.9 1.0 1.0 0.6 -0.4
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 1.4 1.8 3.2 -1.7 -0.5 -1.8 1.1 -1.1 -0.9 1.7
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.9 1.1 2.1 1.1 1.0 -0.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 -0.3
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.2 1.5 2.9 -1.7 -1.6 1.1 -1.0 -1.5 -0.6 0.1
Medication: Atenolol 4.2 5.2 12.8 2.0 1.1 -0.1 1.0 2.8 3.1 -3.6
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.7 1.1 2.2 -0.6 -1.3 -0.4 -0.4 -1.0 -1.5 1.5
Sitting height 9.2 65.5 106.1 7.7 8.8 -1.3 8.0 10.3 10.3 -6.7
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.5 1.8 4.3 -1.5 -1.3 -0.4 -0.1 -2.1 -1.7 0.9
High blood pressure (mother) 1.9 2.6 7.2 -0.9 -2.7 1.5 -2.4 -1.3 -0.7 0.6
Body mass index (BMI) 2.0 8.4 24.8 0.2 0.4 -4.7 -0.3 -1.6 -2.9 5.0
Impedance of leg (left) 2.2 10.8 29.5 0.8 -0.6 5.4 0.9 1.8 3.4 -5.4
Leg predicted mass (left) 4.1 21.8 38.4 5.5 5.9 -6.2 4.1 4.9 2.8 0.8
Trunk fat mass 1.5 6.3 11.1 3.1 3.3 -3.2 2.6 2.0 1.1 1.1
Waist circumference 1.9 7.0 11.2 3.3 3.3 -3.2 3.0 2.2 1.2 1.1
Number of incorrect matches in round 3.6 6.0 20.8 -4.6 -3.3 0.7 -0.8 -2.5 -1.6 0.8
Past tobacco smoking 15.4 28.3 49.8 -5.5 -4.9 7.1 -5.6 -5.5 -4.4 3.6
Alcohol usually taken with meals 3.1 5.1 23.0 -1.0 -1.6 4.8 -3.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3
Nervous feelings 4.8 8.9 27.7 -3.4 -3.6 5.3 -2.0 -2.2 -1.1 -0.2
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 1.5 2.4 3.9 -1.1 -1.8 1.9 -1.6 -2.0 -1.3 0.8
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 8.8 14.1 22.5 4.6 3.3 -0.0 3.3 4.4 4.7 -3.6
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.4 0.5 1.2 -1.0 -0.2 -0.7 0.6 -0.3 -0.6 1.1
Had menopause 2.1 2.6 5.5 -2.0 -1.8 1.4 -1.4 -2.4 -1.2 0.4
Had other major operations 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.7 -0.3 1.3 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.1
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 4.1 15.9 28.4 4.3 4.1 -2.4 2.5 5.3 4.8 -3.5
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 2.0 4.5 13.6 0.8 0.2 2.4 0.8 2.1 2.5 -3.7
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 -0.0
Qualifications: None of the above 2.1 4.5 20.2 0.2 1.1 -4.5 2.3 0.2 -0.7 2.1
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.6 0.8 2.9 1.7 0.3 -1.5 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems 1.4 2.1 7.2 -1.3 -1.0 2.7 -1.7 -0.1 0.6 -1.4
Heart attack 0.6 0.7 2.0 -0.6 -1.4 0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.9 -1.3
Allergy 10.7 24.5 45.3 5.5 4.4 -1.0 4.1 6.7 6.4 -4.1
Pain all over the body in last month 0.8 0.9 1.8 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -1.1 -0.8 0.5
Diabetes (self-reported) 2.1 3.3 8.8 1.6 3.0 -1.9 2.2 1.7 0.8 0.1
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 4.1 5.4 10.4 -2.2 -2.1 0.7 -2.0 -3.2 -3.2 1.9
Medication: Ramipril 1.3 1.7 4.0 -1.5 -2.0 1.7 -0.8 -0.8 0.0 -1.3
Medication: Simvastatin 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.0 0.4 -0.6 0.6 -0.1 0.3 -0.2
Fluid intelligence score 1.9 4.0 8.3 2.9 1.5 2.9 -0.8 1.8 1.6 -1.8
Illnesses of siblings 0.7 1.0 3.3 -1.0 -0.7 0.8 -1.8 -0.6 -0.8 0.6
Neuroticism score 2.8 5.8 11.5 -2.7 -3.4 2.5 -1.6 -2.7 -2.0 1.3
Weight 3.8 18.5 29.7 5.4 5.4 -5.2 4.0 4.4 2.7 0.8
Impedance of arm (right) 2.1 9.7 46.2 -0.5 -0.6 6.8 -0.7 0.2 1.6 -4.2
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.8 3.1 10.1 0.3 0.8 -2.5 0.0 -1.2 -1.8 3.2
Trunk fat-free mass 6.9 39.4 56.4 7.2 7.3 -6.7 6.1 7.5 5.6 -1.4
Hip circumference 2.1 9.1 22.3 3.6 3.9 -4.7 2.3 2.0 0.7 1.8
Time employed in main current job 0.2 0.3 1.1 -1.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.6
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 1.5 2.2 9.6 3.1 0.7 -1.8 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.7
Father’s age at death 1.6 2.1 8.2 0.7 0.6 2.9 0.1 1.3 1.7 -1.2
Worrier / anxious feelings 10.4 19.6 33.8 -5.2 -5.7 5.8 -3.6 -4.4 -2.8 2.0
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 1.7 2.8 6.9 1.3 1.8 -2.6 2.1 1.3 1.1 -0.4
Falls in the last year 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 -0.5 0.5 0.4 0.9 -0.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 1.0 1.4 5.1 1.0 0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.9 1.6 -2.3
Number of live births 0.8 1.1 3.5 -1.9 -0.7 1.5 0.4 -0.6 0.2 -1.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 2.6 8.8 16.1 3.1 2.8 -3.4 1.6 4.0 3.3 -1.7
Pulse rate 2.6 4.3 9.4 -3.1 -2.2 0.8 -1.8 -2.8 -1.7 1.3
Happiness 1.2 1.4 2.8 -1.7 -0.9 0.8 -1.0 -1.5 -0.7 1.4
Noisy workplace 0.6 0.7 4.3 -0.1 0.1 -2.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 4.4 9.6 23.4 2.4 2.3 4.8 0.6 2.8 3.5 -3.6
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 2.3 3.8 10.1 2.1 2.2 -3.2 2.2 1.3 0.4 0.8
Asthma 3.1 6.1 12.0 -2.9 -1.4 -1.6 -0.2 -3.5 -3.2 2.7
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 2.7 3.4 5.5 -2.4 -2.3 0.0 -1.6 -2.1 -1.8 1.5
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.4
Depression (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.2 -1.1 0.4 -0.4 0.6 -0.7 -0.3 0.7
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.4 1.6 3.2 -1.8 -0.9 -0.2 -0.0 -1.8 -1.3 1.6
Prospective memory result 0.6 0.7 1.7 -0.5 1.0 0.1 1.2 -0.4 -0.4 1.3
Lung cancer (father) 2.1 2.5 4.7 1.7 1.6 -0.1 1.6 1.9 2.2 -1.1
Illnesses of mother 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.2 0.9 -0.1 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 1.9 6.1 12.1 2.8 2.2 -2.8 1.0 3.5 2.7 -1.2
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 4.3 5.0 14.7 -3.8 -2.2 0.8 -1.4 -3.0 -1.6 1.1
Impedance of arm (left) 2.3 10.6 51.1 -0.6 -1.4 7.2 -1.3 -0.2 1.3 -4.2
Arm fat mass (right) 1.1 4.6 13.3 2.0 2.3 -3.7 1.5 0.7 -0.3 2.6
Trunk predicted mass 6.8 38.6 55.1 7.2 7.2 -6.7 6.0 7.4 5.5 -1.3
Standing height 11.3 112.6 182.2 11.8 11.4 -2.1 9.9 13.5 12.4 -9.0
Length of working week for main job 5.3 5.9 10.5 1.8 1.9 -2.4 2.1 3.2 2.6 -2.6
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.1 1.2 6.5 1.2 -0.5 -2.6 -0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.4
Breastfed as a baby 0.8 1.0 4.3 -0.9 -0.8 2.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 -0.8
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.4 0.7 2.4 -0.4 -1.6 0.4 -1.0 -0.7 -0.7 0.5
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.7 1.0 3.4 -1.4 -0.4 -0.2 1.8 -0.4 1.0 -0.8
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.2 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.0
Birth weight of first child 4.6 8.3 18.0 4.0 4.2 -1.8 2.5 3.5 1.7 0.4
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 4.9 11.3 18.5 4.3 3.3 -3.9 2.9 4.3 2.7 -0.5
Pulse wave reflection index 2.1 2.6 4.5 2.1 2.1 -2.1 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.4
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.7 0.9 1.5 0.1 -0.7 -1.2 1.1 0.3 1.2 -1.2
Loud music exposure frequency 0.9 0.9 4.1 0.3 0.5 -2.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 -0.6
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 1.0 1.5 2.7 1.3 0.7 1.6 0.2 1.2 1.4 -1.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.4 0.5 1.6 1.3 1.0 -0.4 0.6 0.3 -0.3 -0.0
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 2.3 3.0 5.0 -2.0 -2.2 1.2 -1.4 -2.1 -1.6 1.3
Medication: Paracetamol 1.8 3.0 9.3 -2.4 -3.0 -1.2 -0.4 -1.9 -1.0 -0.0
Headache pain in last month 1.4 2.5 4.0 -2.0 -1.7 -0.5 -0.7 -1.9 -1.5 2.0
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 -1.0 0.8
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.1 -0.1 -0.9 1.1 -1.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1
Gout (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 -0.5
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 -0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 -0.0 -0.1
Medication: Amlodipine 0.6 0.9 1.8 -0.3 -1.0 1.0 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 0.3
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 1.7 2.2 5.5 -2.4 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 -2.0 -1.7 1.5
Birth weight 3.9 8.5 17.3 3.7 4.2 -2.7 2.6 3.1 2.0 -0.6
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 2.2 2.5 4.2 1.8 0.5 -1.9 2.0 2.1 1.5 -0.5
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.7 1.0 2.7 0.6 0.1 -0.2 1.6 0.7 1.3 -1.2
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 2.9 10.4 19.3 3.7 3.3 -1.9 1.8 4.4 3.9 -2.7
Body fat percentage 0.4 1.6 4.7 1.1 1.0 -1.7 0.6 -0.5 -0.9 2.2
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.6 2.1 6.1 0.9 0.7 -2.4 0.5 -0.5 -1.0 2.5
Arm fat-free mass (right) 5.8 29.7 46.2 6.3 6.2 -6.8 5.3 6.1 4.3 -0.4
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 5.6 7.5 17.0 4.0 2.5 -4.1 2.0 2.7 1.5 -0.6
Comparative body size at age 10 0.7 2.0 7.3 1.6 1.4 -2.7 0.1 0.5 -0.0 1.4
Number of full brothers 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.0 -0.4 -1.0 -0.2 -0.6 -0.8 0.7
Worry too long after embarrassment 2.7 4.5 9.7 -2.1 -2.2 3.1 -1.7 -2.3 -2.0 1.1
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.9 2.4 4.7 -1.9 -1.4 1.8 -0.1 -2.2 -1.4 1.2
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.8 1.5 5.2 -0.9 0.6 -2.3 1.7 -0.4 -0.7 0.8
Number of children fathered 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.9 0.9 -0.8
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.9 2.2 3.3 1.6 1.1 0.2 1.7 1.5 1.8 -1.8
Age at first live birth 1.0 1.7 7.8 0.3 1.4 2.8 -1.1 0.7 0.4 -0.3
Pulse wave peak to peak time 7.4 8.7 20.2 4.5 3.0 -1.0 2.1 3.9 2.6 -2.0
Health satisfaction 0.5 0.6 2.2 0.1 0.9 -0.2 1.0 -0.3 0.1 1.5
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 1.9 2.2 4.2 -1.5 -1.3 -0.8 -0.8 -1.9 -1.7 2.0
Qualifications: College or University degree 2.9 9.1 40.6 -0.0 -0.3 6.4 -3.0 0.2 1.8 -3.3
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 1.0 1.2 2.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 -1.3 -0.9 -1.4 1.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 1.7 2.0 6.0 -0.3 1.8 -2.0 2.5 -0.0 -0.1 0.7
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.7 0.8 2.5 -0.4 0.1 -1.2 1.6 -0.4 -0.4 1.0
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 1.2 2.1 5.9 2.0 2.4 -0.7 1.4 1.4 0.4 0.6
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.7 1.0 3.7 -0.8 -0.6 -1.9 -0.5 -1.1 -0.6 0.2
Medication: Blood pressure 0.7 1.2 3.8 0.8 -0.3 1.1 0.1 0.8 1.4 -1.9
Angina (self-reported) 0.9 1.2 3.5 0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.6 1.1 1.9 -1.6
Migraine (self-reported) 1.7 2.1 6.2 1.2 2.2 -2.5 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.5
Medication: Ibuprofen 1.0 1.2 2.2 -1.4 -1.5 -0.5 -0.8 -1.0 -0.9 1.1
Medication: Allopurinol 0.8 1.1 2.5 1.5 0.6 1.6 -0.1 0.8 0.8 -1.0
Medication: Omeprazole 0.3 0.4 1.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.6 0.3 0.8 -1.1
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.8 1.2 -0.6 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1
Mean time to correctly identify matches 2.0 3.9 7.1 -2.1 -1.4 2.7 -2.0 -2.5 -1.7 0.2
Heart disease (mother) 1.2 1.4 4.2 -1.4 -2.0 1.6 -0.4 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.7 0.8 2.9 0.8 0.5 -1.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.8 0.9
Whole body fat mass 1.4 5.7 12.9 2.9 2.9 -3.6 2.1 1.5 0.6 1.6
Leg fat mass (right) 2.0 7.8 23.1 3.0 3.0 -4.8 2.4 1.8 0.7 1.9
Arm predicted mass (right) 5.8 29.6 45.2 6.4 6.2 -6.7 5.1 6.1 4.3 -0.5
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.7 2.1 7.1 -2.7 -1.5 1.3 -0.6 -1.8 -0.4 -0.0
Alcohol intake frequency. 1.0 2.4 4.3 2.1 1.2 -1.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 0.9
Comparative height size at age 10 8.3 45.8 74.6 6.9 7.1 -2.4 6.8 8.6 8.3 -5.3
Number of full sisters 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.4 -1.0 0.4 -0.0 -0.5 0.3
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 1.6 2.4 10.7 -1.3 -1.9 3.3 -0.3 -0.9 -0.2 -0.4
Overall health rating 1.1 2.3 7.1 -0.3 0.2 -2.7 0.4 -1.0 -1.4 2.4
Chest pain or discomfort 0.6 0.9 4.8 -0.3 -0.6 -2.2 0.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.7
Had major operations 0.4 0.5 1.7 1.3 0.6 -1.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.1
Age at last live birth 0.9 1.3 2.4 0.3 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.6 1.1 -0.9
Family relationship satisfaction 1.0 1.2 4.2 2.1 0.8 1.7 -0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
Leg pain on walking 1.2 1.5 3.0 -0.6 -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -1.7 -1.4 1.7
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 1.9 2.3 12.3 0.3 -0.1 -3.5 0.7 1.1 0.9 -1.2
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 1.5 1.8 8.5 -0.1 0.8 -2.9 0.8 -0.5 -0.8 1.3
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.4 0.5 1.6 -0.6 0.5 0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -1.2 0.3
Medication: Aspirin 2.1 2.8 6.4 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.0 1.8 2.5 -2.4
Supplements: Vitamin C 1.9 2.2 7.6 -0.0 1.8 -2.7 2.0 0.7 0.7 -0.1
Knee pain experienced in last month 2.0 3.0 13.6 0.8 1.0 -3.7 1.8 0.9 1.0 -0.8
Hypertension (Self-reported) 1.1 3.2 7.8 1.6 -0.4 2.1 0.7 1.3 2.3 -2.8
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.2 -1.0
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.8 1.1 3.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.8 0.9 1.7 -1.8
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.3 1.6 4.5 1.1 1.5 -0.5 2.1 1.3 1.2 -0.3
Smoking status: Previous 7.1 10.6 16.0 3.2 2.6 -4.0 3.4 3.5 2.9 -3.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 10.8 22.5 40.1 5.7 4.7 -2.1 3.5 6.3 5.4 -4.2
Whole body fat-free mass 5.6 31.8 46.9 6.5 6.8 -6.6 5.3 6.4 4.3 -0.2
Leg fat-free mass (right) 4.1 21.9 37.6 5.6 6.1 -5.8 4.1 5.0 2.8 0.9
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.8 3.2 10.1 0.2 0.2 -2.4 -0.3 -1.5 -2.1 3.2
Average weekly red wine intake 1.5 2.2 7.5 -0.6 -1.2 2.7 -1.1 0.6 0.8 -1.8
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.4 -0.3 0.7 1.0 0.6 -0.1
Mood swings 1.2 2.1 3.7 -1.7 -1.6 -0.8 -0.1 -1.9 -1.5 1.7
Loneliness, isolation 0.6 0.9 1.7 -0.1 -0.4 1.1 -1.0 -1.3 -1.1 0.8
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 1.3 2.0 3.0 1.7 1.2 -0.8 1.1 1.7 1.7 -1.4
Ever had bowel cancer screening 2.3 2.7 4.2 1.4 2.1 0.1 2.0 1.7 1.9 -1.5
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 2.1 3.5 9.5 1.7 3.1 -1.9 2.4 1.5 0.5 0.4
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.8 0.9 2.5 0.7 0.3 -1.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 -0.7
Friendships satisfaction 2.2 2.7 9.4 0.4 -0.1 3.1 -1.5 -1.1 -1.2 2.1
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 2.2 3.4 11.1 0.2 0.9 3.3 0.7 1.2 2.3 -2.1
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 1.7 1.8 3.8 -0.9 -1.5 2.0 -1.8 -0.6 -0.4 -1.5
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.5 0.6 2.3 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.3 -0.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 1.0 1.6 3.5 -0.9 0.4 -1.9 1.2 -0.9 -0.9 1.8
Medication for cholesterol 0.6 1.0 2.7 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 -1.6 -0.1 -1.0 1.6
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.5 -0.0 -0.2 1.0 0.1 0.4 -0.2
Back pain experienced in last month 1.2 1.7 3.9 1.5 1.1 -2.0 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.2
Mineral and other dietary supplements 3.6 4.8 14.7 -1.5 -1.9 3.8 -2.5 -2.0 -1.6 0.4
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.9 1.4 0.6 0.9 -0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1
Asthma (self-reported) 2.9 5.8 11.9 -3.1 -1.5 -1.6 -0.1 -3.5 -3.0 2.4
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.8 1.0 2.3 -0.7 -1.5 0.7 -0.9 -1.4 -0.9 0.3
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 2.4 -1.5 -0.8 -1.2 -0.4 -1.6 -0.8 0.6
Medication: Aspirin 2.1 2.8 6.3 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.7 2.5 -2.4
Medication: Gliclazide 0.6 0.6 2.2 0.5 1.5 0.3 0.7 0.4 -0.1 1.1
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 1.1 1.4 2.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 -0.5 1.3 0.5 0.1
Smoking status: Current 8.0 12.8 34.1 4.7 3.2 -5.8 3.4 2.9 1.8 -0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.4 0.9 2.3 0.8 -0.7 0.5 -1.5 0.5 -0.7 1.4
Whole body water mass 5.5 31.1 45.8 6.5 6.8 -6.6 5.3 6.3 4.3 -0.2
Leg predicted mass (right) 4.1 22.1 37.4 5.6 6.1 -5.9 4.2 5.0 2.8 0.9
Arm fat mass (left) 1.2 4.8 16.1 2.1 2.2 -4.0 1.6 0.7 -0.3 2.4
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.8 1.3 3.1 -1.2 -1.8 0.9 -0.5 -1.6 -0.9 -0.4
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 1.6 2.2 4.4 0.2 0.0 2.1 -1.4 -1.3 -2.0 1.9
Miserableness 0.9 1.5 3.7 0.9 1.2 -1.9 1.9 0.8 0.5 0.5
Guilty feelings 0.7 1.0 2.9 -0.6 -0.9 1.7 -0.5 -1.0 -1.2 0.7
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.7 0.8 2.7 -1.0 0.5 1.6 -0.2 -0.3 0.8 -0.7
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 1.0 1.1 4.1 0.5 1.0 -2.0 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.0
Hearing aid user 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.1 -1.1 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.2
Mother’s age at death 1.5 1.9 3.5 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.9 1.5 -1.1
Financial situation satisfaction 3.6 4.5 11.3 3.4 2.4 -1.7 1.9 2.1 1.7 0.2
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 1.2 1.4 2.7 1.3 0.4 -1.5 1.0 1.7 1.3 -0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 1.0 1.2 4.8 0.5 -0.2 2.2 0.1 1.0 1.1 -1.1
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.1 -0.7 1.0 -0.5 0.2 0.8 -0.9
Medication: Blood pressure 0.7 1.3 2.8 0.8 0.5 0.4 1.7 0.8 1.7 -1.4
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 4.2 5.3 9.2 -1.7 -2.5 -1.4 -1.6 -3.0 -2.7 2.5
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.6 2.1 8.3 0.8 0.7 -2.9 1.3 1.3 1.1 -0.6
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.3 0.6 1.7 0.4 1.3 -0.0 0.9 0.5 0.8 -0.8
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 1.7 2.6 4.7 1.3 1.3 -0.5 2.2 1.5 2.1 -1.8
Medication: Paracetamol 1.1 1.6 6.1 -1.9 -2.5 -0.5 0.1 -1.2 -0.3 -0.5
Medication: Lisinopril 1.1 1.4 3.0 0.4 -0.5 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.5 -1.5
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.7
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.2
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.4 0.7
Ever smoked 11.3 19.8 39.2 5.1 3.9 -6.3 3.7 4.6 3.6 -3.4
Basal metabolic rate 5.1 28.4 42.8 6.3 6.5 -6.3 5.0 5.9 4.0 0.0
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.6 2.3 7.7 1.1 0.9 -2.2 0.6 -0.4 -1.1 2.8
Arm fat-free mass (left) 5.5 28.0 43.0 5.9 6.4 -6.6 5.2 5.9 4.0 -0.1
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.4
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.2 -0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 -1.1
Irritability 1.2 2.0 7.1 1.4 1.1 -2.7 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.7
Risk taking 1.9 2.7 7.5 2.6 1.0 -2.7 0.1 1.2 0.9 -1.2
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 1.3 1.5 2.1 -1.3 -1.4 0.6 -0.7 -1.4 -1.4 1.4
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 2.4 3.2 5.6 -1.7 -2.4 0.7 -2.3 -2.2 -1.8 0.2
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.4 0.5 2.1 -0.5 1.4 -0.1 0.8 0.4 0.5 -0.2
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.1 3.3 7.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.7 -2.2
Ever depressed for a whole week 1.1 1.4 4.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 2.0 1.0 1.7 -1.0
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.7 0.9 2.6 1.5 0.4 -1.6 -0.2 0.9 0.6 -0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 1.2 1.5 4.1 1.7 -0.2 2.0 -1.2 0.5 0.7 -1.1
Myopia 1.2 1.8 8.9 -0.5 1.0 3.0 -0.0 -0.5 -0.8 1.3
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 1.2 3.4 8.5 -1.4 0.2 -1.7 -1.0 -1.5 -2.6 2.9
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 -1.2
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.8 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.3 -0.4
Pain experienced in last month 0.6 1.0 2.5 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.4 0.3 -0.3
Supplements: Calcium 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.9 -0.9 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 0.8
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 2.0 2.4 6.6 0.4 0.6 -0.4 1.3 1.5 2.6 -2.3
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 1.9 -0.6 -1.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.8 -1.2
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 2.3 3.0 5.8 -2.1 -2.4 1.2 -1.4 -2.0 -1.5 1.1
Heart disease (siblings) 0.9 1.0 4.2 0.6 0.2 -0.5 0.2 1.0 1.2 -2.0
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.4 0.5 3.1 0.4 0.1 1.8 0.2 -0.0 0.2 -0.4
Pack years of smoking 1.8 2.6 7.8 2.7 1.0 -2.8 1.1 0.9 0.5 -0.0
Impedance of whole body 2.4 12.2 51.8 -0.1 -1.2 7.2 -0.5 0.6 2.3 -5.1
Leg fat mass (left) 1.9 7.5 20.6 3.1 3.0 -4.5 2.3 1.7 0.5 2.1
Arm predicted mass (left) 5.6 28.6 42.8 6.1 6.4 -6.5 5.2 5.9 4.1 -0.1