Hub : Genes

ADO

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0360 0.0160 4.7e-03 0.012 0.019 -0.001 0.018 0.000 1.0e-02 1.8e-03 4.1e-01 0.0023 2.8e-01
2 GTEx Muscle Skeletal 0.1473 0.0351 5.4e-12 0.165 NA 0.158 NA 0.162 6.1e-16 NA 2.6e-15 NA 1.1e-15
3 GTEx Stomach 0.1910 0.0700 2.2e-03 0.010 NA 0.105 NA 0.017 1.0e-01 NA 1.0e-05 NA 5.2e-02
4 GTEx Testis 0.2050 0.0550 3.9e-07 0.234 NA 0.184 NA 0.215 9.3e-11 NA 1.4e-08 NA 6.6e-10
5 METSIM Adipose 0.0702 0.0296 4.9e-04 0.004 0.006 0.001 0.006 0.005 6.3e-02 3.9e-02 2.3e-01 0.0340 4.9e-02
6 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0584 0.0218 1.1e-04 0.038 0.019 0.042 0.020 0.060 1.0e-05 1.6e-03 3.3e-06 0.0011 3.1e-08
7 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0316 0.0155 1.2e-06 0.016 0.028 0.025 NA 0.023 1.9e-04 1.8e-06 5.1e-06 NA 1.1e-05
8 TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 0.0980 0.0416 2.1e-05 0.032 0.034 0.057 NA 0.052 1.3e-04 9.0e-05 4.6e-07 NA 1.7e-06
9 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.0744 0.0323 3.3e-07 0.059 0.049 0.040 NA 0.045 2.7e-07 2.5e-06 2.0e-05 NA 6.3e-06
10 TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma 0.1436 0.0594 2.3e-06 0.046 0.046 0.044 NA 0.046 4.1e-06 3.8e-06 5.8e-06 NA 4.1e-06
11 TCGA Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma 0.0620 0.0350 8.3e-03 0.043 0.008 0.008 NA 0.005 6.6e-03 1.4e-01 1.4e-01 NA 1.9e-01
12 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.1160 0.0420 8.6e-08 0.096 0.069 0.076 NA 0.089 1.3e-09 2.9e-07 7.9e-08 NA 5.2e-09

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 2.4 3.7 8.0 -1.0 -2.1 0.9 1.9 0.0 -2.1 -2.6 -2.1 -1.6 -1.6 -2.5 -2.8
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.8 1.9 4.3 -0.2 -1.6 1.1 2.1 0.8 0.2 -1.9 -1.8 -2.0 -0.5 -0.9 -1.7
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.6 3.0 -0.0 -1.0 1.7 0.8 0.8 -0.0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.9 0.1 -0.4 -0.8
Depression (Nagel 2018) 1.4 2.1 6.0 -0.9 -2.4 -0.6 2.1 0.8 -1.2 -1.7 -1.1 -1.9 -0.8 -1.2 -1.6
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 1.3 4.1 8.4 -0.0 1.7 -0.8 -1.3 2.9 2.6 2.0 2.4 0.6 2.8 2.4 2.2
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.7 1.9 -1.3 -1.1 0.3 1.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.8 -0.6 -1.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.9
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.4 0.8 3.7 0.6 -0.3 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.9 -0.3 -0.6 -1.3 0.6 0.9 0.1
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 6.3 8.3 15.0 2.2 3.0 0.9 -2.9 1.4 3.9 3.7 3.0 2.5 2.1 3.9 3.4
Worry (Nagel 2018) 1.6 3.4 6.9 -2.6 -1.8 -1.3 2.1 -1.0 -1.7 -2.2 -1.4 -1.9 -1.0 -2.3 -1.7
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.3 -0.7 -0.1 0.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.6 -0.4 -0.8
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.6 0.7 2.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.1 1.4 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.2 1.4 0.8 0.8
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.0 -0.4 -0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.8
Crohns Disease (2017) 15.9 34.9 72.4 7.9 8.5 1.6 -8.2 2.4 4.3 6.7 5.7 7.4 2.5 5.1 5.0
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 11.9 28.4 69.0 7.8 8.3 1.5 -7.6 1.3 3.2 5.7 4.7 6.7 1.6 4.4 4.2
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 2.8 5.3 17.5 4.1 4.2 1.1 -3.5 -0.8 0.1 1.6 1.5 2.7 -0.4 1.1 1.1
Major Depression (MDD) 2.8 3.3 8.6 -1.7 -1.3 -0.2 1.9 -0.2 -1.8 -2.9 -1.5 -2.5 -0.8 -2.5 -2.3
Reaction Time 1.2 2.2 5.4 0.3 -1.4 -0.1 0.7 -0.5 -2.2 -1.2 -1.8 0.2 -2.3 -2.0 -2.3
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 1.1 2.5 6.0 -0.3 1.1 0.2 -0.4 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.7 -0.3 2.4 2.2 1.7
Breast Cancer 4.0 9.5 33.8 -2.7 1.9 3.3 -0.8 3.4 3.2 0.5 2.8 -2.1 5.8 2.8 3.9
Ovarian Cancer 1.0 1.3 7.1 -1.1 -0.9 -2.7 1.1 1.8 0.1 -0.2 0.5 -0.9 0.2 0.2 -0.6
Prostate Cancer 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.2 -0.2 1.0 -0.2 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3
Age at First Birth 1.3 2.0 5.5 -0.2 1.9 -1.5 -1.5 0.2 0.8 0.9 2.3 1.3 1.6 0.9 1.8
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 1.6 1.5 6.1 0.0 0.2 1.3 -0.3 -2.5 -1.7 -1.2 -0.9 0.2 -1.2 -1.6 -1.0
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.8 -0.4 0.9 0.1 0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5 -1.3
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.6 0.7 6.4 -0.6 -0.0 -2.5 -0.0 0.5 0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.7 0.7 -0.2 0.2
Crohns Disease (2012) 15.2 24.4 51.5 5.9 7.2 2.1 -7.1 1.8 3.6 5.4 4.9 6.3 2.9 4.1 4.3
Mean Putamen Volume 2.6 2.9 5.6 -1.4 -1.5 -1.2 1.4 -1.3 -1.7 -1.7 -2.4 -0.9 -2.2 -2.2 -2.0
Fasting Glucose 1.5 1.8 4.8 0.6 -1.2 1.0 0.8 -1.8 -1.0 -0.7 -2.0 -0.6 -2.2 -1.3 -1.8
HbA1C 3.2 3.6 7.4 0.9 2.3 0.8 -2.0 0.9 1.6 2.7 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0
HDL Cholesterol 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.6 -0.2 -1.3 0.5 -0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6 -0.0 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5
LDL Cholesterol 0.6 0.9 2.9 -1.5 0.1 -1.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0
Lupus 0.9 1.4 5.2 -2.3 -0.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.5 1.3 -1.2 1.3 1.3 0.9
Neuroticism (2016) 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.3 -1.0 0.3 0.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.7
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.3 0.4 0.7 -0.0 0.6 0.6 -0.7 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.8
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.7 -0.6 0.1 0.3 -0.1 1.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.3 1.0 1.0
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.2 0.5 2.1 1.0 -0.0 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.9 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 0.1 -0.5
Triglycerides 1.0 1.6 4.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 -0.7 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.9 -0.2 2.0 1.0 1.6
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 2.0 2.3 5.2 0.1 1.1 2.1 -1.4 0.6 2.3 1.3 1.2 0.4 1.8 1.8 2.2
Ulcerative Colitis 2.0 2.9 12.3 2.9 3.5 0.7 -2.6 -1.2 -0.2 0.6 0.7 1.9 -0.4 0.3 0.6
Blood Eosinophil Count 3.0 22.8 83.4 -9.1 -5.7 0.5 5.5 5.3 1.8 -3.8 -2.3 -7.8 3.8 -0.2 -0.5
Blood Platelet Count 6.4 73.9 190.4 -8.5 -8.9 -13.8 8.6 -4.4 -8.9 -8.2 -7.1 -7.5 -7.4 -8.6 -8.4
Blood Red Count 1.1 10.9 19.5 0.8 -2.3 1.7 2.1 -3.7 -4.0 -3.8 -3.9 -1.9 -4.4 -4.4 -4.0
Blood White Count 2.5 18.4 50.8 -4.0 -6.3 3.8 6.3 4.1 -0.2 -4.5 -3.9 -7.1 -0.1 -0.8 -2.8
Heel T-Score 0.3 2.3 9.6 -0.5 1.8 -0.9 -0.7 0.6 2.0 1.0 1.2 -0.5 3.1 1.3 2.0
BMI 0.2 0.9 4.5 0.4 0.1 1.3 -0.4 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.4 -0.4 2.1 0.6 1.4
Height 3.2 61.5 112.4 7.5 10.3 0.7 -10.1 -0.1 6.2 9.8 8.8 10.6 5.1 7.3 8.4
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.4 1.8 4.7 0.5 -2.2 -2.0 2.1 -0.1 -0.7 -1.0 -1.3 -1.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.1
Systolic Blood Pressure 9.5 47.5 80.6 2.9 6.5 4.0 -6.2 4.8 8.4 7.3 8.3 4.0 8.8 9.0 8.7
Smoking Status 3.7 8.7 16.5 -2.0 -4.0 0.6 4.1 -0.3 -2.4 -3.5 -3.6 -3.9 -2.3 -2.7 -3.1
Allergy or Eczema 3.1 8.2 12.8 -1.6 -2.3 -2.3 2.4 -3.1 -3.1 -3.0 -3.4 -2.3 -3.3 -3.6 -3.3
Cardiovascular Disease 11.9 39.4 66.1 3.3 6.2 1.7 -5.6 5.8 7.2 6.7 7.4 4.0 8.1 8.0 7.5
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.4 0.9 3.0 -1.7 -1.6 0.6 1.2 -0.4 -0.4 0.7 -0.9 -0.4 -0.6 0.3 -0.7
Respiratory disease 1.6 3.5 10.2 -1.6 -1.6 -1.0 1.4 -3.2 -1.8 -1.5 -1.8 -0.7 -2.4 -2.4 -1.8
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 1.1 2.1 5.2 0.5 1.6 -0.6 -1.4 0.5 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.5 2.3 1.7 2.1
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 4.7 24.0 36.5 4.0 4.5 4.0 -4.5 4.1 5.9 5.1 5.1 3.5 5.7 5.5 6.0
Lung FVC 0.9 4.5 14.7 2.2 0.6 3.8 -1.0 2.4 2.9 2.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 2.6 1.0
Neuroticism 0.5 1.1 1.8 -0.9 -1.2 1.2 1.3 0.1 -0.7 -1.1 -1.0 -1.3 -0.6 -1.0 -1.4
Chronotype (morning person) 1.7 4.0 7.9 0.6 1.8 1.7 -1.5 2.3 2.5 1.7 2.0 0.9 2.8 2.4 2.6
Hair Pigment 0.3 7.2 15.9 3.6 1.3 1.8 -1.3 3.8 3.7 3.4 2.1 1.9 0.4 4.0 1.9
Tanning 2.2 26.5 41.5 -3.4 -5.1 -1.4 5.0 -2.5 -6.4 -6.3 -6.4 -4.7 -5.1 -6.2 -6.2
Hand grip strength (left) 0.2 0.6 2.2 1.1 0.6 0.6 -0.7 -1.5 -0.1 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.7 -0.1 0.2
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.5 2.3 -0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.3 0.6 1.5
Average weekly spirits intake 0.2 0.3 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.3
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.3 -0.6 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.9 1.2 5.7 -0.6 -1.6 -1.1 1.3 2.4 0.1 -0.5 0.1 -1.5 0.8 0.2 -0.3
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 0.5 0.2 -0.6 0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.1
Relative age of first facial hair 1.3 2.7 10.2 0.5 1.3 -3.2 -1.4 -1.3 -0.8 1.8 1.6 3.0 -1.2 0.2 0.1
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.5 0.7 2.1 -0.3 -0.8 0.0 1.0 -0.6 -0.4 -1.4 -1.0 -1.2 -0.6 -1.1 -0.4
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 2.5 3.1 6.7 -1.8 -2.1 -2.1 1.9 0.7 -1.4 -2.6 -1.3 -2.6 -0.7 -1.7 -1.3
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 1.9 2.1 5.6 -0.3 -0.9 -0.8 1.0 -1.2 -2.0 -2.4 -1.4 -1.6 -1.4 -2.1 -1.2
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 10.8 31.4 56.1 2.7 5.8 2.9 -5.8 3.1 6.6 5.9 6.5 3.8 6.9 6.8 7.5
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 1.9 2.1 5.7 0.9 1.3 1.0 -1.4 0.6 1.9 2.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 2.4 1.7
Angina 0.6 0.7 2.3 1.2 1.0 -0.9 -0.9 0.4 -0.3 0.7 1.2 1.5 0.0 -0.1 0.4
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.9 1.0 2.4 -0.7 -1.6 -1.5 1.4 -0.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.7 -1.1 -0.5 -0.9 -0.9
Vitamin and mineral supplements 1.5 2.0 4.9 1.0 1.4 2.2 -1.8 -0.1 1.0 2.0 0.7 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.0
Supplements: Zinc 1.2 1.4 7.3 -1.5 0.5 -2.7 0.0 1.3 0.3 -0.3 1.2 -0.9 1.5 0.2 0.4
Medication: Co-codamol 0.9 1.0 1.7 -0.3 -1.1 0.2 1.1 -1.0 -1.2 -1.3 -1.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.2 -0.8
Medication: Metformin 0.6 0.8 2.6 0.6 1.0 1.6 -1.0 -0.3 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0
Diabetes (father) 0.5 0.6 1.5 -1.1 0.3 0.4 -0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.1 1.2 1.1 0.9
Diabetes (mother) 0.3 0.4 1.3 -1.1 -0.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.8 -0.3 -0.5 -1.0 1.0 0.2 0.3
Severe depression (siblings) 0.3 0.3 1.0 -0.6 -1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.1
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.5 0.8 1.5 0.8 -1.0 -0.4 1.2 1.1 -0.6 -0.9 -0.9 -1.1 -0.2 -1.0 -0.7
Impedance of leg (right) 1.0 5.0 10.8 -2.7 -2.1 -3.3 2.7 -1.6 -1.3 -1.2 -2.0 -2.4 -2.3 -1.5 -2.7
Leg fat-free mass (left) 3.0 15.6 29.2 4.2 5.0 2.6 -5.4 0.8 2.7 3.7 4.3 4.7 3.7 3.1 4.8
Trunk fat percentage 0.4 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 -1.6 -1.3 0.9 1.2 0.4 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.4
Hand grip strength (right) 0.4 1.2 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 -1.1 -0.8 0.4 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.9
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.8
Current tobacco smoking 3.7 6.0 12.6 -1.6 -3.5 0.7 3.5 0.6 -1.7 -2.7 -3.0 -3.3 -1.9 -1.8 -2.7
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.8 0.9 2.4 1.3 1.2 0.7 -1.4 -0.4 -0.0 1.1 0.0 1.5 -0.2 0.5 1.2
Maternal smoking around birth 1.4 2.0 6.0 -1.0 -1.6 0.5 1.7 0.4 -0.7 -1.7 -2.3 -2.4 -0.5 -1.1 -1.1
Fed-up feelings 0.3 0.6 1.7 -1.1 -0.9 0.8 0.4 1.3 0.3 -0.0 0.4 -1.0 1.1 0.0 -0.3
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 1.2 1.6 3.9 -0.3 -2.0 0.1 1.9 0.3 -1.3 -1.2 -0.8 -1.5 -1.2 -1.2 -1.8
Relative age voice broke 0.6 1.0 8.8 -0.2 0.6 -3.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 -0.2 0.4 0.3
Taking other prescription medications 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -0.1 -1.1 0.4 0.2 -0.7 0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.5
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.8 4.3 13.4 3.0 2.4 -2.2 -2.2 -2.4 -0.2 2.1 1.3 3.7 -1.2 -0.3 1.0
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.2 1.4 6.8 0.1 0.3 2.6 -0.7 0.9 1.5 0.6 1.0 0.1 1.3 1.6 1.0
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.7 1.7 4.6 1.4 1.4 -0.0 -1.1 -0.0 1.6 2.1 0.2 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.2
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.8 0.8 2.0 0.5 1.1 -0.7 -0.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 1.1 1.4 0.8
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.4 0.5 1.8 -0.5 -0.7 1.0 0.8 0.2 -1.3 -1.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.4
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.0 -0.5 0.6 -1.4 -0.9 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -1.4 -0.5 -0.6
High blood pressure 9.7 27.0 46.6 3.3 5.9 3.0 -5.5 3.6 5.5 5.0 5.6 3.4 6.8 6.0 6.7
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 1.5 3.2 6.3 -0.3 -1.4 -1.1 1.3 -2.4 -2.1 -1.7 -2.1 -0.8 -2.4 -2.5 -2.0
Multivitamins +/- minerals 2.9 3.7 5.7 -1.1 -1.9 -1.4 2.2 -0.9 -2.0 -2.4 -1.8 -1.8 -2.1 -2.3 -2.2
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.5 -1.1 -0.1 -0.8 -0.9 -0.6 -0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -0.7 0.1
Supplements: Glucosamine 9.1 11.8 20.1 -2.1 -3.2 -3.4 3.3 -2.1 -4.1 -4.1 -3.8 -3.1 -3.0 -4.5 -3.7
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.1 1.3 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.0 -1.4 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.8 1.2
Medication: Atenolol 1.2 1.5 3.5 1.8 1.5 1.9 -1.2 -0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.6
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.5 0.9 4.9 -2.2 -1.7 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 0.3 0.6 0.1
Sitting height 1.6 11.1 18.9 3.5 4.3 1.4 -4.3 0.7 2.3 3.6 4.2 4.3 2.6 2.8 3.3
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.5 0.4 -0.0 -0.0 -0.6 -0.2
High blood pressure (mother) 5.0 7.0 12.1 1.4 2.6 1.6 -2.3 2.3 3.5 2.6 3.0 1.6 3.4 3.0 3.2
Body mass index (BMI) 0.4 1.7 7.5 1.3 0.8 2.7 -1.3 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.2 2.0 0.7 1.7
Impedance of leg (left) 1.0 5.0 8.7 -2.9 -2.5 -2.7 3.0 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.9 -2.4 -2.4 -1.3 -2.8
Leg predicted mass (left) 2.9 15.4 28.9 4.2 5.0 2.7 -5.4 0.8 2.7 3.6 4.3 4.7 3.7 3.0 4.8
Trunk fat mass 0.8 3.5 6.6 2.2 2.4 2.0 -2.6 -0.9 1.4 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.3
Waist circumference 0.9 3.4 6.8 2.2 1.9 1.3 -2.5 -0.2 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.3 2.6
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 -0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.7 0.4 1.1 -0.0 0.0 0.4
Past tobacco smoking 0.8 1.5 4.2 1.3 1.4 -0.3 -1.6 0.6 0.8 1.6 1.3 2.1 0.3 1.0 0.9
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.6 0.9 8.3 -0.0 1.1 -2.9 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.5
Nervous feelings 0.6 1.2 6.0 -1.5 -1.1 -2.4 1.4 0.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.8 -1.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 -0.1 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 1.4 2.2 5.7 0.7 -1.1 -0.3 1.5 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 -2.0 -0.8 -2.4 -1.6 -2.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.0 -0.3 0.7 0.2 -1.0 -1.1 0.1 -0.2 0.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6
Had menopause 1.3 1.6 4.3 -0.0 -1.2 -0.5 0.8 -1.6 -1.5 -1.2 -0.9 -0.4 -2.1 -1.9 -1.3
Had other major operations 9.5 11.6 17.3 -1.7 -4.0 -0.7 3.7 -1.9 -3.7 -4.0 -4.2 -3.4 -3.8 -3.9 -3.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 2.1 8.0 15.8 2.2 2.3 2.8 -2.7 2.0 3.2 4.0 3.1 2.9 2.6 3.3 2.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.0 2.3 6.3 1.7 1.8 0.2 -1.4 0.5 1.7 2.5 0.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.2
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 2.7 3.3 7.8 -2.3 -2.8 -0.5 2.5 1.9 -0.5 -1.6 -2.1 -2.8 -0.1 -0.8 -1.4
Qualifications: None of the above 0.6 1.3 7.2 2.7 0.9 1.1 -1.4 -0.6 0.4 0.6 -0.5 1.5 -1.0 0.1 0.3
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.7 1.0 2.4 -0.7 -1.5 0.3 1.1 0.5 -0.7 -1.5 -0.8 -1.5 -0.4 -1.0 -0.9
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.3 0.4 2.6 1.6 0.9 0.7 -0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.7 -0.1 -0.1 0.1
Heart attack 0.8 1.0 3.4 -0.8 0.6 0.0 -0.5 1.3 1.0 0.6 1.4 -0.1 1.9 0.8 1.2
Allergy 1.9 4.5 7.9 1.2 2.1 2.0 -1.8 2.8 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.1 2.5 2.7 2.1
Pain all over the body in last month 0.9 1.0 3.1 0.8 1.8 0.0 -1.4 -0.7 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.0 -0.0 0.7 0.6
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.5 0.8 2.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.3 0.3 1.4 1.0 -0.1 -0.4 1.6 1.4 1.4
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 2.6 3.5 6.5 -0.8 -2.0 -0.9 2.0 -1.6 -2.0 -1.9 -2.4 -1.4 -2.0 -2.5 -1.9
Medication: Ramipril 0.5 0.6 2.5 0.0 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 1.6 0.0 0.3 1.1 0.4 1.4 0.4 0.8
Medication: Simvastatin 1.4 2.1 3.6 0.4 1.7 1.2 -1.9 0.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.8
Fluid intelligence score 2.1 4.5 9.1 1.1 2.3 0.2 -1.7 2.0 2.6 3.0 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.7 2.2
Illnesses of siblings 4.1 5.7 15.7 0.5 -0.7 -1.7 0.6 -3.5 -3.3 -1.7 -2.0 0.2 -4.0 -2.9 -3.2
Neuroticism score 0.2 0.4 1.0 -1.0 -0.4 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 -0.0 0.1 -0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1
Weight 2.1 10.3 18.9 3.6 3.9 2.9 -4.3 0.1 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.2 2.4 3.9
Impedance of arm (right) 0.4 2.0 8.8 -0.5 0.4 -3.0 0.3 -2.4 -0.6 0.8 -0.3 1.0 -2.3 -0.7 -1.1
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.2 0.8 4.4 1.0 0.7 2.1 -0.9 -0.5 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 1.0
Trunk fat-free mass 2.4 13.8 24.7 3.9 4.5 2.4 -5.0 1.1 2.5 3.4 4.2 4.5 3.7 3.0 4.4
Hip circumference 2.6 11.3 19.4 3.1 3.8 2.3 -4.4 0.6 2.9 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.0 4.1
Time employed in main current job 0.4 0.5 3.6 -0.1 -1.0 1.9 0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.5 0.1 0.6 -0.2
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.1 -0.8 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.5 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.6 0.2
Father’s age at death 1.1 1.5 3.9 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.9 -1.8 -1.7 -1.8 0.0 -0.3 -1.4 -2.0 -1.1
Worrier / anxious feelings 3.2 6.0 12.4 -3.5 -2.9 -0.5 3.0 0.1 -1.9 -2.9 -2.5 -3.2 -1.3 -2.3 -2.6
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.8 2.4 -0.6 -1.6 -0.1 1.2 1.3 -0.1 -0.6 -0.5 -1.4 0.4 -0.3 -0.5
Falls in the last year 0.5 0.6 3.1 0.9 -0.6 0.3 0.4 -0.0 -0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -0.0 -1.8 -0.5 -1.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 2.1 3.2 6.1 -2.1 -1.9 -1.6 2.1 0.1 -1.0 -1.9 -2.3 -2.5 -1.4 -1.3 -1.9
Number of live births 4.8 6.8 17.1 0.7 2.9 1.2 -2.6 2.1 2.6 1.7 3.5 1.1 4.1 2.6 3.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 5.3 17.8 29.8 3.2 3.6 3.7 -3.9 3.3 4.8 5.5 4.5 3.9 4.5 5.1 4.1
Pulse rate 1.0 1.8 4.7 1.8 1.0 -0.7 -0.5 1.4 2.2 0.8 1.4 -0.0 1.0 1.6 1.8
Happiness 1.4 1.7 5.9 0.8 0.9 1.5 -0.6 2.4 1.9 0.7 0.8 -0.0 1.6 1.3 1.2
Noisy workplace 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 -0.7 -0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.9
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.3 0.6 5.0 -0.6 0.4 -2.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2 1.0 0.2 0.8 -0.5 -0.1
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.9 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.6 0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 1.2 2.0 4.2 -0.2 -1.6 -0.1 1.1 -1.7 -1.9 -1.1 -1.9 -0.7 -2.0 -1.5 -1.4
Asthma 1.4 2.8 4.9 -2.2 -2.1 -1.6 1.7 -1.5 -1.5 -1.4 -1.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.8 -1.4
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 3.6 4.6 9.2 -1.4 -2.4 -3.0 2.0 -1.0 -3.0 -2.1 -1.9 -1.3 -1.6 -2.7 -2.2
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.9 1.3 3.1 -0.0 1.2 0.2 -1.4 0.2 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.5
Depression (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 0.7 -0.8 -0.8 0.3 0.8 0.7 -0.6 -0.7 0.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.6 -0.5
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.8 2.0 5.0 -0.9 -1.5 0.3 1.5 -0.4 -1.0 -1.3 -2.2 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -1.9
Prospective memory result 2.5 3.1 5.9 -2.1 -2.0 -1.1 1.3 -1.5 -2.4 -1.5 -1.3 -0.8 -1.9 -1.9 -2.4
Lung cancer (father) 1.3 1.5 4.2 -2.1 -1.1 -0.3 1.4 -1.0 -1.2 -1.5 -0.8 -1.3 -0.5 -1.5 -1.2
Illnesses of mother 1.1 1.3 4.3 0.6 -1.1 0.1 0.7 -0.7 -1.9 -0.8 -0.9 0.5 -2.1 -1.3 -1.6
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 6.9 22.0 36.0 4.0 4.1 3.7 -4.3 3.5 5.5 6.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.5 4.7
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.8 -0.1 1.2 -0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.9 0.7 0.2 0.1
Impedance of arm (left) 0.5 2.2 8.5 -0.3 0.4 -2.9 0.5 -2.8 -0.6 0.7 -0.6 0.8 -2.5 -0.8 -1.1
Arm fat mass (right) 0.8 3.5 7.1 2.0 2.0 2.7 -2.3 0.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.2 1.3 2.5
Trunk predicted mass 2.3 13.3 23.8 3.9 4.4 2.4 -4.9 1.1 2.5 3.3 4.2 4.4 3.6 2.9 4.4
Standing height 2.8 27.7 60.7 5.3 7.1 0.6 -7.1 -1.0 3.4 6.4 6.0 7.8 2.9 4.2 5.4
Length of working week for main job 0.8 0.9 2.5 1.1 -0.7 0.8 0.4 -0.2 -0.9 0.1 -1.4 0.5 -1.6 -0.6 -1.5
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.6 0.7 2.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 -0.6 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 1.4 0.9
Breastfed as a baby 3.1 3.8 8.8 -2.3 -2.1 -1.7 2.5 1.7 -1.1 -2.6 -1.4 -3.0 -0.4 -1.6 -1.6
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.4 0.7 3.3 -1.0 -0.5 0.3 0.7 1.8 -0.1 -1.2 0.3 -1.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.4
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 5.6 8.5 18.6 -4.3 -3.8 -2.0 3.6 0.9 -1.8 -3.6 -2.5 -4.1 -1.0 -2.3 -2.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.4 1.1 -0.9 -0.5 -0.4 -0.8 -0.5 0.3 0.0 0.9 -0.7 0.3
Birth weight of first child 0.1 0.2 1.0 -1.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 1.0 -0.2 0.5
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.4 0.9 2.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 -0.8 0.7 1.1 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.6
Pulse wave reflection index 0.8 1.0 2.4 0.0 -0.7 1.5 0.4 -0.7 -1.6 -1.2 -1.1 -0.8 -0.2 -1.4 -1.1
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.0 1.2 3.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.0 1.3 0.4 -1.3 -1.3 -1.8 -1.4 -0.7 -1.0 -1.2
Loud music exposure frequency 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.8 -0.6 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.4
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.7 1.1 4.5 -0.7 0.1 -2.1 0.7 -1.4 -1.4 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 -1.5 -0.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 1.3 1.7 4.8 -0.9 0.4 -0.6 -0.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 2.2 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.4
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.3 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.8 -0.9 -0.0 0.2
Medication: Paracetamol 0.5 0.8 3.9 0.7 0.0 -2.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.8 -1.5 -0.3 -0.8 -0.2 -1.1 0.1
Headache pain in last month 1.5 2.5 7.6 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0 0.4 2.8 2.1 1.0 0.8 -1.0 2.5 2.1 1.8
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 3.1 5.1 13.2 0.7 -1.9 -0.3 1.9 -1.6 -2.5 -1.9 -3.1 -0.9 -3.6 -2.7 -3.3
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.3 0.3 1.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.8 0.1 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.3 -1.0 -0.3 -1.1
Gout (self-reported) 5.7 7.8 12.5 1.6 2.4 3.5 -2.9 1.6 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.5 3.2 3.0
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.7 1.4 7.5 -2.7 -2.0 -0.3 1.7 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.9 -1.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.4
Medication: Amlodipine 3.1 4.3 13.0 0.9 1.3 2.4 -1.1 2.5 2.5 1.6 1.1 0.1 3.6 2.5 2.7
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 7.2 9.2 19.8 -4.5 -3.9 -2.7 3.6 -1.2 -2.4 -3.3 -2.9 -3.4 -1.9 -2.6 -2.6
Birth weight 1.9 4.1 8.8 -1.8 -2.1 0.4 2.4 -1.2 -1.6 -2.6 -3.0 -2.3 -1.2 -2.4 -2.1
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.3 0.3 1.3 -0.8 -0.5 -0.4 0.5 -1.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.8 0.2 -0.5
High blood pressure (siblings) 9.2 13.3 27.4 0.3 1.8 3.4 -1.9 4.3 5.2 3.5 3.2 1.0 5.2 4.7 4.8
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 3.6 13.3 23.4 3.1 3.3 2.7 -3.5 2.5 4.3 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.2 4.1 3.3
Body fat percentage 0.2 0.7 2.9 1.1 0.8 1.7 -0.9 -1.1 0.7 0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.9
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.2 0.6 3.2 0.3 -0.2 1.8 0.1 -0.6 0.6 -0.5 -0.8 -1.4 0.9 -0.1 0.5
Arm fat-free mass (right) 1.8 9.4 15.8 3.2 3.4 2.6 -4.0 1.2 2.3 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.3 2.7 3.9
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.6 0.7 2.0 -0.6 -1.3 1.4 1.0 0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -1.2 -0.0 -0.2 -0.7
Comparative body size at age 10 1.9 5.2 13.7 0.4 1.5 1.2 -1.9 3.1 2.8 1.9 2.1 0.9 3.7 2.6 2.9
Number of full brothers 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.2 1.0 -0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 -0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.1 0.5 0.4 -0.4 0.1 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.7
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.7 2.2 6.3 -2.5 -2.4 0.6 1.8 1.7 -0.5 -1.4 -0.6 -1.8 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 2.4 4.3 11.9 -2.1 -1.8 -3.4 1.9 -1.7 -2.2 -2.2 -1.3 -2.0 -1.6 -2.3 -1.5
Number of children fathered 0.7 0.8 2.4 0.4 0.8 -1.0 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 0.4 0.6 1.6 -0.3 -0.4 0.0
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.4 0.4 1.8 -0.3 0.5 -1.3 -0.2 0.8 0.7 -0.3 0.9 -0.1 0.9 0.2 0.6
Age at first live birth 1.3 2.2 4.9 -1.1 -1.6 -1.7 1.3 -2.0 -1.7 -0.3 -1.2 0.3 -2.2 -1.4 -1.9
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.5 0.5 2.2 -0.4 0.7 -1.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.9 0.8 1.5 -0.4 0.2 0.4
Health satisfaction 0.4 0.6 1.3 -1.0 -0.2 -1.0 0.6 1.2 0.3 -0.3 1.0 -0.9 1.1 -0.1 0.3
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.4 0.5 2.2 0.9 -0.2 -0.8 0.3 -1.2 -0.4 -0.0 0.1 0.5 -1.5 -0.5 -0.4
Qualifications: College or University degree 1.4 4.3 9.1 -1.0 1.9 -2.0 -0.9 1.8 2.6 1.7 2.8 0.3 3.0 2.6 2.3
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.4 1.0 0.0 -0.3 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.5 0.6 2.7 -1.0 -0.1 1.6 0.2 0.8 1.0 -0.1 -0.3 -1.0 0.7 0.7 0.3
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 3.0 3.4 6.2 -1.7 -2.0 -2.5 2.0 -0.7 -1.5 -1.7 -2.4 -2.1 -1.0 -1.6 -1.8
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.7 1.3 7.4 0.1 0.7 2.7 -0.8 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.6 1.3 0.4
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.7 0.2 -0.1 0.7 -0.1 1.2 -0.7 -0.0 -0.3
Medication: Blood pressure 3.4 6.0 17.2 -0.8 2.2 0.7 -2.1 1.8 2.5 1.7 3.2 0.8 4.1 2.7 3.8
Angina (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.6 1.3 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 0.4 -0.3 0.5 0.8 1.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.2
Migraine (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 4.1 -1.1 -0.9 -2.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.2
Medication: Ibuprofen 1.7 2.1 5.7 -0.6 -1.5 -2.3 0.8 -0.9 -2.4 -1.0 -1.1 0.0 -1.3 -1.9 -1.5
Medication: Allopurinol 3.0 4.0 6.3 1.1 1.6 1.8 -2.2 1.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.2 1.5 2.5 2.1
Medication: Omeprazole 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.1 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.9 -0.1 0.6 0.9 0.9
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 4.4 5.1 10.7 -3.3 -2.8 -1.3 2.8 0.0 -1.6 -2.1 -3.1 -2.7 -0.8 -2.1 -2.2
Mean time to correctly identify matches 1.8 3.4 7.6 -0.4 -1.6 -0.8 1.1 -1.1 -2.5 -1.9 -2.0 -0.4 -2.8 -2.7 -2.5
Heart disease (mother) 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.8 -0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.9 -0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.9 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.1 1.3 2.3 -1.2 -1.1 -0.4 1.5 -0.7 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 -1.4 -0.9 -1.3 -0.9
Whole body fat mass 0.7 3.0 5.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 -2.3 -0.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.2 2.3
Leg fat mass (right) 0.6 2.3 5.8 1.7 1.5 2.4 -1.8 -0.2 1.5 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.1 2.0
Arm predicted mass (right) 2.0 10.1 17.6 3.4 3.6 2.5 -4.2 1.2 2.3 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.8 3.9
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.3 0.9 2.8 -0.0 -1.1 -0.8 1.1 1.2 1.7 -0.1 -0.4 -1.5 -0.3 0.7 0.3
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.9 0.3 -1.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3
Comparative height size at age 10 1.0 5.4 10.5 2.5 2.6 2.2 -3.2 -0.6 1.7 2.8 2.3 3.0 1.4 2.2 2.3
Number of full sisters 6.4 7.8 15.1 1.0 2.2 1.6 -2.4 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.9 1.8 3.8 3.1 3.6
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.7 1.1 2.9 -1.7 -0.7 -1.1 1.0 -0.9 -1.4 -1.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -1.5 -0.9
Overall health rating 0.6 1.4 2.8 0.7 0.7 1.1 -0.9 1.5 1.7 0.7 1.4 0.0 1.5 1.2 1.6
Chest pain or discomfort 0.7 1.0 2.7 -0.8 0.3 -1.6 -0.2 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 -0.7 1.3 1.3 1.1
Had major operations 0.6 0.7 3.1 0.7 -0.3 1.8 0.4 0.0 -0.8 -1.0 -0.4 -0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -1.0
Age at last live birth 1.0 1.5 3.2 -1.8 -1.7 -1.5 1.3 -0.7 -1.3 -0.9 -0.4 -0.9 -0.7 -1.1 -1.3
Family relationship satisfaction 0.5 0.6 3.1 0.1 0.6 0.5 -0.3 1.7 0.8 -0.0 0.8 -0.1 1.4 0.2 0.7
Leg pain on walking 2.7 3.4 6.2 -0.6 -1.7 -0.7 1.7 -2.4 -2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -1.0 -2.5 -2.4 -1.9
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.6 0.7 1.9 -0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.9 -0.1 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.0 1.3 1.1 1.3
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 3.0 3.4 6.4 -2.3 -1.9 0.4 1.3 -1.7 -2.5 -2.3 -1.8 -1.4 -1.2 -2.3 -1.9
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.4 0.5 2.9 -0.7 -0.3 -1.7 0.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8
Medication: Aspirin 1.2 1.5 4.7 1.1 1.4 0.0 -1.4 0.3 0.7 1.4 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.8 0.5 -1.0 0.2 1.1 0.2 -0.3 0.4 -0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.3
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.9 1.3 3.1 -1.0 -1.3 0.2 1.1 0.4 -1.7 -1.8 -0.5 -1.5 -0.8 -1.0 -1.3
Hypertension (Self-reported) 8.1 22.5 40.2 2.9 5.3 2.4 -4.9 3.5 5.2 4.6 5.0 3.0 6.3 5.6 6.2
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.6 0.7 1.8 -0.3 -0.6 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.9 0.1 0.3 -0.8 1.4 0.9 0.7
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 2.7 3.7 6.7 1.9 2.1 0.9 -2.2 0.6 1.9 2.6 2.4 2.2 0.8 2.3 1.8
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.9 1.1 3.2 -0.7 -0.0 -0.0 -0.2 1.8 1.6 0.7 -0.0 -0.3 1.6 1.4 1.4
Smoking status: Previous 0.2 0.3 1.7 -0.7 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -1.3 -0.2 -0.7 -0.3 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 4.0 8.3 15.2 2.0 2.6 1.2 -2.8 1.9 3.1 3.9 3.2 3.1 2.5 3.6 3.5
Whole body fat-free mass 2.6 14.7 26.8 4.1 4.7 2.7 -5.2 1.0 2.6 3.5 4.3 4.6 3.7 3.0 4.6
Leg fat-free mass (right) 3.0 16.0 29.3 4.3 4.9 3.0 -5.4 1.0 2.7 3.8 4.4 5.0 3.5 3.1 4.7
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.2 0.7 4.1 1.0 0.6 2.0 -0.7 -0.7 0.4 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.7 -0.1 0.9
Average weekly red wine intake 1.2 1.8 9.7 -1.2 -0.4 -3.1 0.8 -0.3 -1.5 -1.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 -1.3 -1.4
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.2 0.3 2.6 -0.2 0.0 1.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.0
Mood swings 0.8 1.5 3.0 1.0 0.6 1.4 -0.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.5 1.0
Loneliness, isolation 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.4 0.8 -0.4 -1.0 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.4
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.6 0.9 2.1 -1.5 -1.4 -1.2 0.9 0.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -1.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.2
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.5 0.5 3.6 1.0 0.3 0.1 -0.0 -1.9 -0.0 -0.0 -0.3 0.6 -1.0 -0.6 0.2
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.4 1.1 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.8 0.5 0.4 -0.3 -0.6 1.1 0.7 1.0
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.5 0.6 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.9 -0.6 0.1 0.9 -0.4 0.9 -0.2 0.9 -0.0 1.2
Friendships satisfaction 6.1 7.5 12.5 2.6 2.6 1.2 -2.2 3.0 3.5 2.7 2.8 1.9 3.1 3.2 3.2
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.9 1.4 5.0 -1.3 -1.1 -2.2 1.3 -0.7 -1.1 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 4.3 4.6 12.2 1.4 1.6 0.1 -1.0 2.2 3.5 2.5 2.5 0.9 2.6 2.7 2.4
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.7 2.0 4.0 -1.6 -1.6 -1.4 1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -2.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.5 -1.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.5 0.7 4.3 -0.6 0.8 -2.1 -0.2 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.3 -0.2 0.9 0.9 0.7
Medication for cholesterol 3.0 4.6 7.3 -1.9 -2.3 -1.3 2.0 -1.1 -2.2 -2.6 -2.0 -1.5 -2.6 -2.6 -2.7
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.1 0.0 -1.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 -0.3 -0.0 -0.1
Back pain experienced in last month 0.7 1.0 3.2 0.5 0.5 -0.7 -0.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.4 1.8 0.9 1.5
Mineral and other dietary supplements 3.4 4.6 9.0 1.6 1.0 3.0 -1.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.5 2.2 2.8 1.7
Breast cancer (self-reported) 1.8 2.1 9.3 1.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -1.6 -1.3 -0.2 -1.7 1.2 -3.0 -1.2 -1.4
Asthma (self-reported) 1.5 3.0 5.6 -2.4 -2.2 -1.2 1.7 -1.7 -1.4 -1.4 -2.0 -1.6 -1.4 -1.8 -1.5
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 1.3 1.6 3.3 -0.7 -1.8 -1.6 1.5 -0.4 -1.4 -0.7 -1.2 -0.4 -1.7 -1.2 -1.6
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 3.8 -0.2 0.5 -1.0 -0.5 -1.9 -1.4 -1.0 0.4 0.1 -0.7 -1.5 -0.5
Medication: Aspirin 1.4 1.8 3.9 1.3 1.6 0.2 -1.7 0.4 0.9 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.5
Medication: Gliclazide 0.6 0.6 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 -1.0 0.6 1.1 0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.8
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 2.0 2.5 4.8 -0.7 -0.8 -2.2 1.1 -2.0 -2.2 -1.3 -1.6 -0.6 -1.7 -1.9 -1.7
Smoking status: Current 3.5 5.6 12.6 -1.5 -3.5 0.4 3.5 0.6 -1.6 -2.6 -2.9 -3.2 -1.7 -1.8 -2.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 4.6 9.8 13.4 3.6 2.5 3.4 -2.8 2.2 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.1 2.5 3.3 3.1
Whole body water mass 2.5 14.4 26.0 4.0 4.5 2.8 -5.1 1.1 2.6 3.5 4.2 4.5 3.7 3.1 4.6
Leg predicted mass (right) 3.0 15.8 28.9 4.3 4.9 2.9 -5.4 0.9 2.7 3.8 4.4 5.0 3.5 3.1 4.7
Arm fat mass (left) 0.7 2.8 5.8 1.9 1.8 2.4 -2.1 -0.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.1 2.2
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 1.3 2.3 5.2 0.2 1.3 0.2 -1.6 0.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 0.9 2.3 1.7 2.3
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.9 1.2 5.1 0.8 0.8 -2.3 -0.7 -1.0 -0.5 0.9 0.8 2.0 -0.7 -0.0 0.2
Miserableness 0.8 1.3 4.2 0.4 0.2 1.9 -0.1 2.0 1.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.7 1.5 1.2 0.8
Guilty feelings 0.4 0.6 2.0 -1.0 -0.5 -1.4 1.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 0.5 -1.0 0.9 0.1 0.4
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.7 0.8 2.0 -1.4 0.3 -0.7 -0.1 0.5 1.4 0.4 0.9 -0.6 1.2 0.8 1.1
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.3 0.4 1.8 -0.9 -0.3 -1.3 0.3 0.6 -0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.9 0.3 0.1
Hearing aid user 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.7 -0.5 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 -0.6 -1.0 0.2 0.8 0.0
Mother’s age at death 0.6 0.8 1.7 -1.2 -0.6 -1.3 1.3 0.2 -0.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6
Financial situation satisfaction 2.3 2.9 5.3 -0.7 -2.1 -1.1 2.1 -0.1 -2.2 -1.7 -1.4 -1.2 -1.9 -1.9 -2.3
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.3 0.4 1.5 -1.2 -0.5 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.8 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1 0.4 0.3 0.4
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 1.4 1.7 3.4 1.1 1.8 -1.6 -1.1 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.7
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.7 0.8 2.4 0.2 -0.8 -0.1 0.6 -1.1 -0.9 -0.1 -0.8 0.2 -1.5 -1.0 -1.5
Medication: Blood pressure 5.4 10.3 15.7 2.9 3.9 1.8 -3.5 1.8 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.3 3.7 3.7 4.0
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 -0.5 -1.1 -1.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.6 0.3
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.3 1.7 4.1 -0.4 -0.5 -1.6 0.8 -1.1 -1.6 -2.0 -1.3 -1.1 -1.4 -1.8 -1.0
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 2.6 4.5 9.6 -0.5 1.7 0.4 -1.6 2.4 3.1 1.7 2.6 0.4 2.9 2.9 2.6
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 4.9 7.4 13.1 1.9 3.3 2.0 -2.3 2.4 3.6 1.9 2.8 0.9 3.6 2.9 3.5
Medication: Paracetamol 0.3 0.5 1.7 1.1 0.6 -1.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.8 0.2
Medication: Lisinopril 7.4 9.6 19.1 0.8 2.2 1.0 -2.4 2.6 4.0 3.3 3.4 1.2 4.4 4.3 4.2
Medication: Atorvastatin 2.2 2.7 5.3 0.8 1.2 1.2 -1.1 2.2 1.9 1.3 2.3 0.8 2.2 1.7 1.9
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 5.9 7.3 13.7 2.2 2.3 3.7 -2.3 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.2 2.8 3.6 2.9
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.4 -0.2 -1.3 0.4 0.2 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.7 -1.1 -0.5
Ever smoked 2.5 4.4 10.4 -2.3 -2.6 0.2 3.0 -0.0 -1.6 -2.5 -2.5 -3.2 -0.6 -1.6 -1.9
Basal metabolic rate 2.6 14.5 26.4 4.1 4.6 2.9 -5.1 0.9 2.7 3.5 4.1 4.4 3.8 3.0 4.6
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.2 0.7 5.1 0.2 -0.4 2.2 0.1 -0.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.6 -1.2 0.9 0.1 0.4
Arm fat-free mass (left) 2.1 10.6 18.9 3.3 3.6 2.8 -4.3 1.4 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.5 2.9 4.0
Number of operations (self-reported) 5.5 8.2 15.0 -1.0 -2.8 -0.1 2.4 -2.1 -3.9 -3.6 -2.9 -2.6 -3.3 -3.6 -3.6
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.6 0.9 2.7 -0.3 -1.1 0.4 1.3 0.1 -0.7 -1.2 -1.6 -1.2 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9
Irritability 0.4 0.7 2.0 -0.6 -0.2 1.3 0.1 1.4 1.2 0.0 0.6 -0.7 1.2 0.9 0.5
Risk taking 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.5 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.3 0.4 2.6 -1.0 -0.3 -1.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.4
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.1 0.2 1.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.0 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 -1.1 0.1 -0.4
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.6 0.7 1.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.6 -1.2 -0.8 -1.2 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0 -1.1 -0.5
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 12.9 40.1 68.7 4.0 6.4 3.7 -6.2 4.3 8.2 6.7 6.6 4.2 7.1 7.9 8.3
Ever depressed for a whole week 2.4 2.9 9.3 -2.1 -2.2 -1.3 2.4 1.4 -0.2 -1.7 -1.8 -3.0 0.2 -0.5 -0.8
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.9 1.1 2.2 -0.3 -1.3 -0.3 1.2 -0.8 -1.2 -1.4 -0.7 -1.0 -1.5 -1.4 -1.0
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.1 0.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.6 0.8 -0.0 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.4
Myopia 0.5 0.7 3.2 -1.8 -0.7 0.0 0.9 1.0 0.4 -0.7 0.3 -1.4 0.7 0.1 -0.2
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 8.9 24.3 45.6 -2.8 -5.4 -2.5 5.1 -4.0 -5.2 -4.7 -5.5 -3.1 -6.8 -5.6 -6.3
Cholesterol lowering medication 4.1 6.0 9.8 1.5 2.5 1.2 -2.2 2.4 3.1 2.6 2.3 1.6 3.1 2.8 3.1
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.4 0.5 3.5 -0.1 0.3 1.9 -0.1 0.6 0.6 -0.2 0.5 -0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6
Pain experienced in last month 0.5 0.8 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 -1.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.6
Supplements: Calcium 0.2 0.3 2.1 -0.4 0.0 -1.4 -0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.6
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 1.0 1.2 2.5 1.5 1.1 -0.4 -1.2 -0.7 0.1 1.6 1.3 1.6 0.6 0.7 1.0
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 2.7 -0.8 0.6 0.0 -0.4 0.9 0.7 0.4 1.2 -0.2 1.6 0.4 0.9
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.7 -0.6 0.0 0.4
Heart disease (siblings) 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.2 0.9 0.7 -0.7 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.3 1.4 0.4 1.0
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.6 0.7 2.0 -0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.2 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.0
Pack years of smoking 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 -0.8 -0.5 0.9 1.0 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.9 -0.6
Impedance of whole body 0.6 3.2 9.6 -1.5 -1.0 -3.1 1.6 -2.4 -0.9 0.1 -1.3 -0.5 -2.9 -1.0 -2.2
Leg fat mass (left) 0.7 2.6 7.6 1.7 1.5 2.8 -1.8 0.0 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.9 1.2 2.1
Arm predicted mass (left) 1.8 9.4 16.1 3.1 3.2 2.6 -4.0 1.5 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.5 2.7 3.8