Hub : Genes

ADSL

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.1180 0.0420 6.3e-06 0.038 0.048 0.038 0.052 0.042 2.0e-05 1.6e-06 0.00002 5.7e-07 6.1e-06
2 GTEx Adipose Visceral Omentum 0.1520 0.0640 2.8e-03 0.015 NA 0.022 NA 0.005 5.4e-02 NA 0.02400 NA 1.6e-01
3 GTEx Testis 0.1790 0.0800 9.9e-03 0.129 NA 0.063 NA 0.095 2.5e-06 NA 0.00091 NA 5.2e-05
4 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0500 0.0256 3.2e-05 0.006 0.009 0.015 NA 0.008 2.1e-02 4.4e-03 0.00042 NA 6.9e-03
5 TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 0.0438 0.0253 1.4e-03 0.030 0.027 0.032 NA 0.022 2.2e-04 4.8e-04 0.00016 NA 1.3e-03
6 TCGA Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma 0.0710 0.0380 2.1e-04 0.021 0.053 0.025 NA 0.023 2.2e-02 5.2e-04 0.01300 NA 1.7e-02
7 TCGA Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma 0.0580 0.0350 3.6e-03 0.006 0.032 0.005 NA 0.005 1.7e-01 1.1e-02 0.18000 NA 1.8e-01
8 TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma 0.0341 0.0218 4.0e-03 0.004 0.013 0.005 NA 0.005 1.0e-01 8.9e-03 0.08100 NA 8.1e-02
9 TCGA Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma 0.0650 0.0400 8.8e-03 0.016 0.024 0.023 NA 0.026 2.6e-02 8.9e-03 0.01000 NA 6.7e-03
10 TCGA Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma 0.0880 0.0540 8.1e-03 0.029 0.008 0.008 NA 0.015 2.2e-02 1.5e-01 0.14000 NA 7.7e-02
11 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.0801 0.0459 1.0e-03 0.016 0.016 0.021 NA 0.000 6.9e-03 8.3e-03 0.00230 NA 3.1e-01
12 TCGA Soft Tissue Sarcoma 0.1430 0.0760 5.8e-06 0.045 0.055 0.054 NA 0.062 1.1e-03 3.3e-04 0.00039 NA 1.5e-04
13 TCGA Stomach Adenocarcinoma 0.0450 0.0260 7.2e-04 -0.002 0.031 0.006 NA 0.007 4.4e-01 2.6e-03 0.11000 NA 9.4e-02

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.2 2.0 21.9 -0.1 4.7 -1.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.0
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 1.5 3.6 17.8 -0.5 4.2 -0.6 -0.5 -1.4 -1.9 -1.8 -2.1 -0.3 -1.7 -1.8 -2.5 -1.7
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.6 1.2 3.3 -0.6 1.6 0.3 -0.5 1.4 1.2 -0.1 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.9
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.5 0.7 2.9 -0.4 1.7 1.3 -0.5 1.0 0.1 -0.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.6 0.3
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.9 2.8 7.8 2.5 0.6 0.3 1.7 -0.4 -0.8 1.1 -0.6 -2.8 -2.5 2.5 2.0 0.5
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 1.1 2.5 6.3 -2.4 2.5 -0.3 -1.0 1.5 1.7 0.1 1.7 2.2 2.5 -0.3 0.3 1.0
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.6 3.3 7.8 -0.5 1.8 0.2 -1.3 -1.7 -2.2 -2.0 -2.4 -0.9 -1.9 -1.8 -2.8 -2.2
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.5 0.6 1.6 -0.0 -0.4 0.7 -1.3 -0.6 -0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.7 -1.2 -1.1
Worry (Nagel 2018) 2.5 5.3 12.3 -3.5 3.2 -1.1 -0.6 2.0 2.9 1.5 2.6 2.6 3.3 0.1 1.5 2.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 1.6 1.8 5.5 -0.9 1.2 0.4 -0.6 1.9 1.3 -0.6 1.9 2.4 2.2 0.4 0.4 1.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.3 0.4 3.7 0.4 1.9 0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 1.2 1.7 5.4 -0.8 2.3 1.2 -1.2 1.5 0.5 -1.3 1.0 2.3 1.5 0.4 -0.3 0.1
Crohns Disease (2017) 1.1 2.5 10.6 -1.3 3.3 -0.3 -1.3 -0.8 -0.6 -1.4 -1.1 0.8 0.4 -2.4 -2.4 -1.5
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 1.0 2.4 13.6 -1.4 3.7 0.4 -0.8 1.0 0.9 -0.9 1.0 2.3 1.9 -0.9 -0.9 0.4
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 2.3 4.3 10.0 -1.0 2.5 1.0 0.4 2.7 2.2 0.0 2.9 3.2 3.1 1.0 1.1 2.3
Major Depression (MDD) 1.2 1.4 4.0 0.4 1.6 2.0 0.0 1.7 -0.0 -1.5 1.0 1.7 1.4 0.8 -0.3 0.0
Reaction Time 0.4 0.7 2.8 -1.7 -1.3 -1.3 -0.8 -0.2 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.9 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.4 1.0 3.5 1.9 1.2 -0.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.1 -0.6 -1.4 -1.4 0.7 0.4 0.1
Breast Cancer 17.2 41.3 87.0 3.5 1.8 0.0 -2.9 -6.6 -9.3 -7.1 -8.6 -5.7 -8.7 -4.4 -8.2 -8.1
Ovarian Cancer 0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.2 0.8 -0.4 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.8
Prostate Cancer 1.0 1.5 7.5 -2.7 -1.9 -2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Age at First Birth 1.6 2.3 5.8 -0.5 1.3 -0.8 -0.9 -1.3 -2.4 -2.0 -1.6 -2.2 -1.9 -0.4 -1.2 -1.6
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.5 0.5 4.7 0.1 2.2 -0.6 0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 3.5 4.8 9.9 -0.4 -0.5 -1.2 -3.1 -3.2 -1.9 -0.5 -2.8 -3.1 -2.6 -1.7 -1.6 -2.7
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.5 0.6 2.7 0.4 -1.6 1.0 0.8 0.7 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.7 0.1 1.1 0.5 0.3
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.0 1.7 9.8 -2.1 3.1 -0.6 -0.9 -0.4 0.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.9 0.8 -1.6 -1.2 -0.6
Mean Putamen Volume 0.3 0.4 2.9 0.1 1.7 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 0.4 0.0 -0.7 -0.9 -0.2
Fasting Glucose 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.6 -1.0 1.1 -0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 -0.1 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.1
HbA1C 1.5 1.7 5.4 0.3 0.1 1.1 -2.1 -0.7 -0.8 -1.5 -1.3 0.3 -0.3 -1.4 -2.3 -1.9
HDL Cholesterol 1.1 1.8 3.5 -0.7 0.0 -0.3 1.4 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.6
LDL Cholesterol 1.5 2.4 7.8 -0.4 -1.7 0.3 -2.8 -0.7 -1.6 -2.5 -1.0 -0.0 -0.6 -1.3 -2.0 -2.1
Lupus 1.1 1.6 3.0 1.4 -0.0 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.6
Neuroticism (2016) 0.9 1.3 3.3 -0.5 1.4 0.0 -1.5 0.1 -0.4 -1.8 -0.4 1.2 0.9 -1.3 -1.8 -1.2
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.4 -0.3 0.4 1.2 1.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.2
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.1 1.6 6.5 -0.7 -2.5 -0.1 0.0 1.1 1.0 -0.4 1.3 2.1 2.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.8
Schizophrenia (2014) 2.1 4.6 9.9 -0.0 2.7 0.1 -1.5 -1.8 -2.7 -2.7 -2.6 -0.8 -2.2 -2.0 -3.1 -2.6
Triglycerides 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.2 -0.5 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.8 0.9 2.7 -1.6 -0.4 -1.2 -0.2 -0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.8 0.9 -1.4 -0.1 0.7
Ulcerative Colitis 1.6 2.2 5.9 -0.7 2.4 0.6 2.0 1.9 1.2 -0.1 1.6 2.3 1.7 0.8 0.7 1.3
Blood Eosinophil Count 1.5 11.5 24.3 -2.8 2.4 -0.7 -4.9 -2.7 -4.5 -4.7 -3.2 -2.6 -3.0 -1.9 -3.5 -4.5
Blood Platelet Count 0.1 1.5 4.4 1.8 1.1 0.7 -0.7 0.6 -1.9 -2.1 -0.0 -0.5 -1.2 1.8 0.3 -0.6
Blood Red Count 1.9 18.7 41.5 3.9 3.2 5.5 3.4 6.4 2.4 -0.9 5.2 5.4 4.0 5.6 3.2 4.0
Blood White Count 0.5 4.0 8.1 2.4 -0.9 1.3 -1.4 -1.9 -2.6 -1.4 -2.5 -2.6 -2.9 -0.2 -1.6 -2.4
Heel T-Score 2.3 18.1 37.3 1.9 5.4 5.0 1.9 6.1 3.2 -0.1 5.2 5.0 4.5 5.2 3.5 3.5
BMI 6.7 38.8 73.0 0.6 -4.4 -1.9 -5.4 -7.8 -7.4 -3.8 -8.5 -7.7 -8.0 -4.5 -6.0 -8.3
Height 0.4 7.3 41.2 1.6 6.4 0.9 2.4 3.0 1.5 0.0 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.2
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.3 1.4 7.6 1.9 -1.6 2.8 -0.4 1.1 0.1 -0.8 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 -0.5 -0.6
Systolic Blood Pressure 2.4 12.0 30.6 -0.8 -1.9 -0.5 4.3 1.9 4.4 5.5 3.7 0.7 2.0 2.7 4.9 5.5
Smoking Status 2.2 5.4 13.5 0.5 -2.3 1.2 3.3 1.9 1.5 2.3 2.4 -0.4 0.6 3.7 3.7 2.8
Allergy or Eczema 1.4 3.6 10.6 -3.3 2.6 -2.9 -2.2 -0.3 0.7 -0.5 0.4 1.7 1.8 -2.7 -0.9 -0.1
Cardiovascular Disease 1.2 3.9 10.0 -2.0 -3.1 -1.7 -2.4 -2.4 -1.3 0.3 -1.8 -3.2 -2.3 -0.4 -0.0 -1.5
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.0 2.3 6.1 2.0 -1.6 2.5 -0.3 0.3 -2.0 -2.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.9 1.3 -1.0 -1.6
Respiratory disease 0.2 0.5 2.1 -0.2 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 0.2 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.4 -0.7 0.2 0.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.3 0.6 2.2 -0.4 -1.5 0.4 -0.9 -0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.8 0.8 -1.3 -1.1 -0.5
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 2.6 13.1 26.5 0.1 -0.7 -2.7 -2.4 -4.8 -4.2 -2.2 -5.2 -3.7 -5.0 -3.8 -4.0 -4.1
Lung FVC 0.5 2.5 7.4 2.0 0.3 -1.1 1.7 0.0 0.3 1.8 0.6 -2.0 -1.4 2.2 2.7 1.7
Neuroticism 1.0 2.3 5.4 -1.9 2.3 -0.5 -0.2 1.6 1.7 0.4 1.8 1.9 2.3 0.2 0.9 1.3
Chronotype (morning person) 5.8 13.4 28.1 -1.0 -1.3 -2.1 -3.8 -5.2 -2.5 -0.9 -5.1 -3.0 -3.2 -5.3 -4.8 -4.8
Hair Pigment 0.3 9.5 22.0 1.9 -2.3 2.8 2.3 4.7 1.9 -0.4 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 2.7 3.0
Tanning 0.1 1.4 6.6 1.4 -0.1 2.6 1.0 1.5 -0.4 -1.5 0.5 1.3 0.4 1.5 -0.3 -0.3
Hand grip strength (left) 2.3 6.0 27.9 2.3 -1.0 -0.7 0.8 -2.8 -2.0 1.6 -2.3 -5.3 -4.3 1.4 1.3 -0.9
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.2 0.4 2.0 -0.2 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.4
Average weekly spirits intake 1.7 2.1 4.4 0.9 -1.3 0.4 1.3 2.1 0.9 0.3 2.1 0.8 1.2 2.1 2.0 1.8
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.9 1.5 4.5 -0.3 -0.3 2.1 -0.3 1.9 0.3 -1.4 1.1 2.0 1.7 0.7 -0.4 0.2
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 1.0 1.4 4.4 -0.8 1.9 1.1 -0.2 1.4 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.6 2.1 1.7 1.0
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.9 1.3 3.9 1.3 0.1 2.0 -0.2 1.7 0.0 -1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.5 0.5 0.4
Relative age of first facial hair 2.9 6.0 14.4 0.8 1.6 2.6 1.7 3.5 1.9 0.5 3.1 2.4 2.4 3.8 2.9 2.4
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.7 0.9 2.3 -0.6 -0.9 0.8 -1.4 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.2
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.8 1.0 2.8 0.5 -1.7 -0.1 0.9 0.0 0.7 1.7 0.5 -0.9 -0.2 1.1 1.6 0.9
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 1.6 1.8 4.7 -1.7 -0.6 -0.8 0.5 1.1 2.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 2.2 -0.0 1.1 1.4
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.2 3.4 12.5 -0.4 -2.4 -0.5 1.9 0.3 2.4 3.5 1.5 -0.3 0.8 1.1 2.5 2.5
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 1.9 2.1 9.8 -1.3 0.7 -1.5 -3.1 -1.8 -0.4 -0.1 -1.2 -1.3 -0.7 -1.7 -1.0 -1.6
Angina 2.1 2.7 10.1 2.6 0.2 2.0 1.8 1.1 0.5 1.2 1.0 -0.8 -0.2 3.2 2.4 1.1
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 1.8 2.0 4.5 0.1 -0.8 -0.2 1.7 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.7 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.9 2.1
Vitamin and mineral supplements 1.3 1.7 5.9 0.7 -2.4 -0.5 0.8 -0.3 -0.2 1.3 0.1 -1.9 -1.5 1.7 1.9 0.8
Supplements: Zinc 0.3 0.3 1.3 -1.0 -0.0 -1.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.5 -1.0 -0.2 0.3
Medication: Co-codamol 0.4 0.5 2.2 0.3 1.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.7 -0.3 -0.9 -1.1 0.9 0.8 0.1
Medication: Metformin 0.7 1.0 3.5 -0.9 -1.8 -0.7 -0.6 -1.2 0.2 0.5 -0.8 -0.3 -0.1 -1.9 -1.1 -0.6
Diabetes (father) 0.7 0.9 4.8 1.5 0.8 2.2 -0.4 0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 1.0 -0.3 -0.9
Diabetes (mother) 1.7 2.2 13.1 1.3 -3.6 1.8 0.5 -0.9 -0.5 1.0 -1.0 -1.8 -1.4 1.0 0.2 -0.8
Severe depression (siblings) 1.2 1.3 2.6 0.3 0.4 -0.4 -1.2 -1.1 -1.6 -1.4 -1.4 -1.2 -1.6 -0.6 -1.2 -1.3
Pack years adult smoking proportion 1.9 2.9 7.5 0.6 -2.0 1.8 2.7 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.3 0.6 0.5 2.7 2.1 1.6
Impedance of leg (right) 5.9 28.4 63.3 0.4 4.4 2.8 2.6 7.5 5.7 1.0 7.4 8.0 7.7 3.9 4.2 5.9
Leg fat-free mass (left) 2.5 13.5 30.1 -0.7 -1.0 -2.2 -1.2 -5.2 -4.3 -1.1 -5.2 -5.5 -5.5 -2.7 -2.9 -4.2
Trunk fat percentage 0.6 2.4 6.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.8 -2.6 -1.4 -1.6 -1.7 -1.8 -0.9 -0.9 -1.5 -1.7 -2.6
Hand grip strength (right) 1.2 3.2 13.5 2.1 -0.4 -0.7 1.0 -1.7 -1.1 1.5 -1.4 -3.7 -3.1 1.4 1.4 -0.1
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 1.1 1.5 5.2 0.1 -1.0 -0.1 1.9 -1.2 -1.4 0.3 -1.2 -2.2 -2.3 0.5 0.2 -0.0
Current tobacco smoking 5.0 8.1 22.3 1.9 -0.9 3.2 3.7 3.2 2.0 1.8 3.2 1.0 1.5 4.7 3.8 3.1
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.0 0.3 -0.0 -0.2 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 -0.2 -0.0 0.5
Maternal smoking around birth 1.2 1.7 6.9 1.6 -2.1 1.5 0.3 0.7 -0.8 -0.3 0.4 -1.1 -1.0 2.6 1.3 0.1
Fed-up feelings 0.5 1.0 2.3 1.0 1.5 0.2 -0.3 -0.8 -1.4 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -0.4 -1.0 -1.0
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.5 1.9 -0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.5 1.4 0.6 0.5
Relative age voice broke 1.2 1.8 5.2 0.6 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.9 0.9 0.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 2.3 1.5 1.1
Taking other prescription medications 1.0 1.5 4.5 -0.9 0.5 -0.0 0.4 1.1 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.5 2.1 0.1 0.9 1.5
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.1 2.6 5.5 -1.5 2.1 0.8 0.5 2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.2 1.1 1.5
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 2.4 2.8 6.6 0.3 -0.7 2.0 0.7 2.6 1.7 0.3 2.0 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.2 1.1
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 4.1 9.4 18.6 0.7 3.0 2.7 1.7 4.0 3.0 1.7 4.0 2.5 2.9 4.3 4.0 3.1
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.5 0.6 2.2 -0.8 -1.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.0 -0.7 -1.2 -1.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 1.2 1.5 10.0 0.3 -3.2 0.1 -0.5 0.9 1.1 0.1 1.3 1.3 1.8 -0.4 0.2 0.8
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 1.6 2.0 4.1 0.0 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.6 0.8 2.0 1.9 1.6
High blood pressure 1.0 2.9 10.2 -1.4 -2.2 -0.9 -1.1 -2.0 -1.7 0.2 -1.8 -3.2 -2.5 0.4 0.3 -1.5
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 1.1 2.4 8.4 -2.9 0.8 -2.8 -1.8 -0.5 0.5 -0.4 0.1 1.1 1.3 -2.6 -1.0 -0.3
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.6 2.1 7.1 -0.5 1.1 1.2 -1.1 0.2 -0.5 -2.1 -0.5 1.9 1.2 -1.9 -2.7 -1.4
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 2.8 3.5 15.6 1.6 1.8 3.9 0.5 2.3 -0.1 -1.2 1.7 1.1 0.8 3.2 1.2 0.8
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.3 0.4 1.9 1.2 -1.2 1.4 0.0 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.5
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 3.7 4.4 11.0 1.9 0.6 2.6 2.2 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.3 1.2 1.2 3.3 2.7 2.3
Medication: Atenolol 0.7 0.9 6.2 2.5 -0.5 1.2 1.8 0.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.2 -0.4 0.2 -0.5 -0.2
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.5 0.9 3.7 0.7 -1.8 1.9 -0.2 0.2 -0.9 -0.7 -0.3 -0.8 -0.7 1.2 0.0 -0.6
Sitting height 0.2 1.6 14.6 1.2 3.8 -0.0 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.7 -0.0 -0.5 -0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.5 0.3 1.0 -1.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.6 -1.1
High blood pressure (mother) 1.0 1.5 7.5 0.2 -2.7 -1.0 -1.1 -1.4 -0.6 0.1 -1.3 -1.3 -0.9 -1.2 -0.7 -1.0
Body mass index (BMI) 5.5 23.5 45.2 0.2 -3.7 -1.7 -3.6 -6.2 -5.7 -2.3 -6.7 -6.6 -6.6 -3.1 -4.1 -6.3
Impedance of leg (left) 5.6 27.3 60.0 0.6 4.9 3.0 2.1 7.4 5.5 0.9 7.2 7.7 7.5 3.9 4.0 5.5
Leg predicted mass (left) 2.5 13.4 30.3 -0.7 -1.0 -2.1 -1.2 -5.2 -4.3 -1.1 -5.2 -5.5 -5.5 -2.6 -2.9 -4.2
Trunk fat mass 1.3 5.6 12.6 -0.5 -0.3 -1.1 -2.7 -2.8 -2.8 -1.8 -3.2 -2.6 -2.6 -1.9 -2.3 -3.6
Waist circumference 4.0 14.8 28.5 -0.1 -2.8 -1.1 -3.5 -4.7 -4.6 -2.5 -5.2 -4.6 -4.7 -2.8 -3.7 -5.3
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.6 2.7 9.0 -2.2 -0.1 -1.5 -3.0 -1.7 -0.9 -0.8 -1.4 -1.0 -0.6 -2.1 -1.7 -2.0
Past tobacco smoking 0.5 1.0 3.5 0.5 1.9 0.4 -0.7 -0.7 -1.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.7 -1.2 -0.3 -1.0 -1.2
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.5 0.8 2.8 -1.2 0.7 -0.9 -1.7 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.0 1.0 1.0 -1.5 -0.8 -0.5
Nervous feelings 1.5 2.8 6.2 -1.4 2.4 -0.1 -1.0 2.1 1.6 -0.1 2.4 2.2 2.5 0.9 1.2 1.5
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 2.1 3.3 8.0 -1.2 1.8 0.8 -0.1 2.4 1.6 0.4 2.8 1.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.2 0.4 2.1 -1.5 -1.0 0.5 -1.0 0.1 0.3 -0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.4 0.5 2.4 1.0 -0.1 1.5 0.1 0.1 -0.4 0.3 -0.1 -1.0 -0.8 1.2 0.5 0.1
Had menopause 1.2 1.5 5.4 1.3 -1.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.1 1.1 0.2 -1.7 -1.1 2.3 2.0 0.5
Had other major operations 0.9 1.1 2.7 -1.2 -1.4 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.8 -0.0 1.2 1.6 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.6 2.3 7.5 0.4 2.7 -1.5 1.3 0.5 1.1 1.7 1.3 -0.5 0.2 1.3 2.3 2.1
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 2.8 6.5 13.8 0.2 2.8 2.8 0.8 3.7 2.1 0.4 3.2 2.9 2.7 3.6 2.7 2.0
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.3 1.2 1.1 1.0
Qualifications: None of the above 0.4 0.8 3.5 -0.8 -1.9 0.2 0.9 -0.7 0.9 1.5 -0.2 0.1 0.5 -1.1 -0.4 0.1
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.3 0.5 1.2 -0.4 -1.0 -1.1 -1.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -1.0 -0.4 0.6 0.9 0.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems 2.0 3.1 7.3 -0.7 -1.1 -0.4 -2.2 -1.7 -1.7 -1.8 -2.2 -0.4 -1.4 -2.3 -2.7 -2.3
Heart attack 1.4 1.8 7.5 2.1 1.3 2.7 0.5 0.4 -1.5 -1.4 -0.4 -0.7 -1.2 1.8 -0.1 -0.5
Allergy 0.8 1.9 6.2 2.5 -0.9 2.0 1.3 0.2 -1.0 -0.1 -0.4 -1.3 -1.7 2.5 0.9 -0.1
Pain all over the body in last month 1.9 2.1 4.7 -0.4 0.0 1.6 0.4 1.7 2.0 0.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.5
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.2 -0.3 -1.5 0.5 -0.3 -0.8 0.2 0.3 -0.6 0.0 -0.0 -1.3 -1.2 -0.5
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 2.4 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0 -1.5 -0.3 0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 -1.4 -0.7 -0.0
Medication: Ramipril 0.6 0.7 3.4 0.1 0.7 1.7 0.1 0.3 -0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.8 -0.8 1.8 1.0 0.1
Medication: Simvastatin 1.2 1.8 7.3 0.6 -2.1 0.7 -0.2 -1.5 -0.4 1.4 -1.2 -2.7 -1.9 0.8 0.5 -0.6
Fluid intelligence score 0.8 1.6 6.8 2.6 1.1 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.5 -0.8 -0.8 -1.7 -1.9 1.2 0.3 -0.4
Illnesses of siblings 0.6 0.9 3.5 -1.9 0.8 -0.8 -0.8 0.3 0.4 -0.7 0.6 1.2 1.2 -1.1 -0.6 0.0
Neuroticism score 0.7 1.5 3.8 -1.9 1.6 -0.6 -0.5 1.4 1.1 0.0 1.5 1.3 1.7 0.5 1.0 1.0
Weight 3.0 14.8 30.3 -0.3 -1.0 -1.8 -2.5 -5.1 -4.7 -1.8 -5.4 -5.5 -5.5 -2.5 -3.1 -4.9
Impedance of arm (right) 7.1 33.2 86.7 -0.6 3.9 1.9 2.8 7.8 6.9 1.6 7.8 9.3 9.1 2.6 3.8 6.4
Arm fat percentage (right) 2.4 9.3 21.0 -0.0 -2.2 -0.6 -3.1 -3.4 -3.6 -2.5 -4.2 -3.0 -3.3 -2.4 -3.4 -4.6
Trunk fat-free mass 2.4 13.9 36.3 0.1 -0.1 -1.4 -1.0 -5.2 -4.5 -1.0 -5.3 -6.0 -6.0 -2.0 -2.7 -4.2
Hip circumference 1.7 7.3 12.5 -1.9 -1.2 -2.3 -2.5 -3.5 -2.9 -1.2 -3.5 -3.5 -3.3 -2.2 -2.0 -3.3
Time employed in main current job 4.5 5.2 13.8 -2.2 -0.9 -3.7 -0.7 -3.3 -1.6 0.4 -2.7 -2.8 -2.6 -2.9 -1.4 -1.6
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 1.1 1.7 3.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.7 0.7 0.9 1.7
Father’s age at death 0.8 1.1 4.2 -1.1 0.2 -0.7 1.1 0.2 1.6 2.0 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.1 1.2 1.4
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.5 1.0 4.4 -2.1 1.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.3 -0.6 0.1 0.7
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.9 1.4 5.8 -0.1 2.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.4 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.5
Falls in the last year 3.1 4.2 9.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.9 2.4 2.5 1.7 3.1 1.5 2.6 2.0 2.7 2.8
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.5 0.8 3.0 -1.5 1.7 -0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 -0.3 0.5 1.4 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.5
Number of live births 3.2 4.5 10.0 1.2 -2.4 0.3 2.5 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.5 0.3 0.9 2.5 3.2 3.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.3 1.2 5.6 0.3 2.0 -2.4 0.4 -0.5 0.3 1.1 0.2 -0.9 -0.6 -0.0 1.1 1.1
Pulse rate 0.9 1.5 3.3 0.5 1.8 0.2 -1.3 -1.1 -1.5 -1.3 -1.1 -1.1 -1.6 -0.6 -1.4 -1.1
Happiness 0.7 0.9 2.4 -0.4 0.7 0.0 -0.8 -0.7 -1.6 -1.1 -0.9 -1.5 -1.4 0.2 -0.5 -1.0
Noisy workplace 0.7 0.8 3.2 -1.3 -0.9 0.1 1.7 -0.6 0.8 1.8 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.6 -0.0 0.5
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.7 1.5 2.9 -0.8 1.1 -1.2 -0.5 -1.6 -1.2 -0.5 -1.6 -1.4 -1.7 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 2.0 2.3 6.3 1.5 -0.8 1.0 0.7 2.1 0.7 -0.1 2.2 0.8 1.5 2.5 2.1 1.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.9 1.4 3.2 1.4 -0.9 1.0 1.8 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.0 -0.1 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.3
Asthma 0.2 0.5 1.5 -0.7 0.5 -1.2 -0.2 -0.7 0.7 1.2 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 -1.1 -0.0 0.1
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 2.1 2.7 7.2 0.9 2.7 2.2 0.5 2.2 1.0 -0.4 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 0.8 1.4
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.5 0.8 2.9 -0.4 -1.3 -0.2 -1.0 -1.3 -0.5 0.4 -1.0 -1.7 -1.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.7
Depression (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 2.3 0.5 1.5 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.6 1.9 3.4 1.1 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.5
Prospective memory result 0.3 0.3 1.0 -0.6 0.4 1.0 -1.0 0.5 0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.2
Lung cancer (father) 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.3 0.9 1.4 0.7 0.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.7 -0.7 1.1 0.3 0.3
Illnesses of mother 1.1 1.4 6.3 -0.0 2.5 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.1 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.4 1.2 6.5 0.9 2.5 -2.2 -0.1 -0.7 -0.2 0.6 -0.2 -1.1 -0.9 -0.2 0.7 0.4
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 1.7 2.0 3.8 1.9 1.1 0.7 0.1 -1.7 -1.5 -0.5 -1.9 -1.6 -1.8 -1.1 -1.7 -1.3
Impedance of arm (left) 8.1 37.6 105.3 -0.9 4.0 1.6 2.8 8.2 7.4 1.5 8.3 10.3 10.0 2.2 3.7 6.7
Arm fat mass (right) 3.4 13.8 27.5 0.1 -2.1 -1.0 -3.0 -4.6 -4.5 -2.3 -5.2 -4.6 -4.8 -2.5 -3.5 -5.2
Trunk predicted mass 2.5 14.1 36.6 0.1 -0.1 -1.3 -1.1 -5.2 -4.6 -1.1 -5.3 -6.0 -6.1 -2.0 -2.8 -4.2
Standing height 0.5 5.0 27.8 -0.7 5.3 -0.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 0.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 0.8 1.5 2.3
Length of working week for main job 2.6 2.9 7.3 -1.4 0.0 -1.6 -2.2 -2.1 -1.0 -0.6 -2.0 -1.1 -0.9 -2.7 -2.1 -2.1
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.5 1.6 5.6 -1.0 -0.1 -0.7 0.7 0.2 1.5 2.4 1.2 -0.8 0.5 1.1 2.2 1.8
Breastfed as a baby 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.2 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.3
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 1.6 2.7 8.7 -2.1 3.0 -0.1 -1.3 1.9 1.3 -0.4 1.9 2.0 2.3 0.8 1.0 0.9
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 3.3 5.1 10.8 0.3 1.5 1.2 1.5 2.5 2.7 1.9 3.3 1.7 2.7 2.2 2.8 3.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 1.4 3.4 8.3 -1.2 -2.9 -2.3 -1.5 -2.3 -1.4 0.1 -1.7 -2.9 -2.1 -1.2 -0.4 -1.5
Birth weight of first child 0.6 1.0 4.1 -0.4 1.2 -2.0 -0.4 -1.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -1.9 -0.9 -0.5
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.5 1.1 4.6 0.0 -0.2 -2.1 -0.6 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.8 -0.3 -0.6 -1.9 -1.2 -0.4
Pulse wave reflection index 1.5 1.8 3.7 1.3 1.3 0.4 -0.1 -1.4 -1.5 -1.1 -1.9 -1.0 -1.3 -1.2 -1.9 -1.8
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 2.0 2.4 3.6 -0.4 0.2 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7
Loud music exposure frequency 0.5 0.6 1.5 -0.7 0.5 -0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.8
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 1.4 2.2 3.9 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.5 0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.0 0.9 1.0 0.3
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.2 0.3 1.6 -1.3 -0.9 0.3 0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.2
Medication: Paracetamol 1.0 1.6 4.4 -1.5 1.7 1.5 0.3 1.4 0.5 -1.0 1.2 2.1 1.8 -0.3 -0.8 0.7
Headache pain in last month 1.6 2.7 8.0 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.1 0.9 -0.6 1.6 2.8 1.9 0.3 -0.5 1.5
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.7 1.2 2.6 1.4 1.1 0.3 1.6 1.3 0.8 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.3
Glaucoma (self-reported) 2.7 3.2 6.5 -0.5 1.8 0.6 0.6 2.1 1.9 1.2 2.5 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.3
Gout (self-reported) 0.3 0.3 1.5 -0.1 -0.6 1.2 -0.8 0.6 0.2 -0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.3 -0.2
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.7 1.3 3.9 2.0 -1.2 1.7 -0.4 -0.0 -1.6 -1.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8 0.7 -0.8 -1.2
Medication: Amlodipine 4.3 6.0 12.2 0.7 -1.7 -0.5 -1.8 -3.0 -3.0 -1.5 -3.5 -3.1 -3.5 -1.5 -2.3 -3.1
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.6 0.8 2.8 -0.2 1.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 0.1 0.2 -0.6 -0.3 0.1 -1.7 -0.8 -0.5
Birth weight 0.9 1.9 4.9 2.2 1.4 0.9 0.0 -0.6 -2.2 -1.8 -1.1 -1.3 -2.0 0.6 -0.7 -0.9
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.4 0.5 2.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.9 -1.5 -0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.8 -0.6
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.7 1.0 2.3 -0.0 -0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -1.3 -1.0 -0.1 -1.5 -1.5 -1.4 -0.7 -0.6 -1.1
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.6 2.0 5.6 0.8 2.4 -1.4 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.3 -0.5 0.3 1.4 2.3 1.9
Body fat percentage 1.2 4.7 11.6 -0.4 -0.9 -0.8 -2.9 -2.3 -2.5 -2.0 -2.8 -2.0 -2.1 -1.7 -2.2 -3.4
Leg fat percentage (right) 1.9 7.0 14.9 0.2 -1.7 -0.4 -2.8 -2.9 -3.4 -2.1 -3.5 -3.4 -3.4 -1.0 -2.1 -3.9
Arm fat-free mass (right) 3.3 16.7 42.4 0.1 -0.4 -1.5 -1.9 -5.6 -5.1 -1.5 -5.7 -6.5 -6.5 -2.0 -2.8 -4.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 1.8 2.3 8.8 -0.5 -1.5 1.5 0.6 1.7 0.9 0.8 1.9 0.0 0.8 3.0 2.4 1.5
Comparative body size at age 10 9.4 25.9 53.5 -2.2 -4.0 -5.5 -3.0 -7.3 -4.8 -0.7 -6.5 -7.2 -6.4 -5.1 -3.9 -5.0
Number of full brothers 4.0 5.1 13.7 0.4 -1.3 2.3 2.6 2.5 1.7 1.5 2.7 1.0 1.2 3.7 3.2 2.6
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.3 0.5 1.7 -1.3 -0.7 -0.2 -1.0 0.6 0.2 -0.7 0.5 0.6 1.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.5 2.0 4.7 -0.7 1.8 0.0 -0.2 1.4 1.9 0.8 1.9 1.8 2.2 0.2 1.0 1.7
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.4 0.8 4.2 -2.0 0.4 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 1.1 -1.4 -0.5 0.5
Number of children fathered 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.8 -0.1 1.1 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.4
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 3.5 4.1 15.0 -3.4 -0.2 -3.9 -2.1 -2.5 -0.3 0.8 -1.5 -1.9 -1.2 -2.7 -0.6 -0.8
Age at first live birth 3.1 5.6 9.6 -1.5 0.5 -2.0 -2.7 -2.6 -2.6 -2.2 -2.9 -1.9 -2.4 -2.4 -2.8 -3.1
Pulse wave peak to peak time 1.9 2.3 4.6 -2.1 -0.8 -1.0 0.2 1.6 1.7 0.8 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.5
Health satisfaction 0.7 1.0 2.4 -0.7 1.4 1.2 -1.0 1.3 0.6 -0.6 1.1 1.0 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.2
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 2.6 3.1 6.9 -1.5 1.0 0.4 0.0 1.8 2.4 1.3 2.6 1.9 2.6 1.0 1.8 2.1
Qualifications: College or University degree 1.0 3.1 6.7 -0.6 2.6 -1.5 -1.7 -1.6 -2.1 -1.9 -2.0 -1.4 -1.9 -1.3 -1.6 -1.9
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.5 0.6 1.7 -0.1 -1.0 0.6 -0.5 0.8 -0.1 -1.2 0.5 1.3 1.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 1.8 2.1 4.9 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.4 1.8 1.5 2.2 0.6 1.7 1.5 2.2 2.1
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.5 0.6 1.6 -0.6 -0.0 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 -0.2 0.1 0.7
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 3.9 6.6 13.8 -0.6 -3.0 -3.7 -2.1 -3.3 -2.2 -1.0 -3.0 -2.6 -2.7 -2.9 -1.9 -2.7
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 2.1 3.0 5.4 0.5 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.3 0.8 2.0 1.3 1.6 2.3 2.0 1.8
Medication: Blood pressure 0.5 0.9 2.0 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 -1.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.1 -1.1 -1.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.5 -1.1
Angina (self-reported) 2.2 3.0 10.8 2.7 -0.0 2.2 1.9 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.9 -0.8 -0.3 3.3 2.4 1.2
Migraine (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 3.6 1.2 1.7 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.4 -0.7 0.8 1.9 1.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.6
Medication: Ibuprofen 3.3 4.0 8.8 0.9 3.0 2.5 0.5 2.7 1.4 -0.5 2.4 2.8 2.7 1.4 0.6 1.6
Medication: Allopurinol 0.9 1.1 4.6 1.0 0.5 2.1 -0.8 1.4 -0.2 -1.4 0.6 1.3 0.9 1.2 -0.1 -0.5
Medication: Omeprazole 4.2 5.0 10.9 1.4 1.5 3.3 1.2 3.0 1.6 0.4 2.9 2.0 2.0 3.3 2.2 2.1
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.5 0.5 2.4 -0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.9 0.5 -0.5 0.7 1.6 1.5 -0.6 -0.4 0.2
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.5 1.0 6.8 -1.8 -2.6 -0.7 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.5 0.2 0.1
Heart disease (mother) 1.2 1.4 5.1 0.4 -2.3 -0.8 -0.1 -1.1 -0.7 0.9 -0.9 -2.2 -1.8 0.8 1.0 -0.2
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 2.4 2.9 6.6 -0.6 0.1 1.1 0.8 2.5 1.8 0.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.7 1.7
Whole body fat mass 2.3 9.4 19.0 -0.4 -1.1 -1.2 -2.9 -3.8 -3.7 -2.0 -4.3 -3.9 -3.9 -2.2 -2.8 -4.4
Leg fat mass (right) 3.1 12.1 22.9 -0.1 -1.8 -1.0 -2.9 -4.3 -4.4 -2.1 -4.8 -4.8 -4.8 -1.9 -2.8 -4.7
Arm predicted mass (right) 3.2 16.3 40.5 0.0 -0.2 -1.7 -1.7 -5.6 -5.0 -1.4 -5.7 -6.3 -6.4 -2.2 -2.9 -4.7
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.3 1.0 3.4 -0.2 1.9 0.3 -1.6 -0.5 -1.1 -1.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -1.0 -0.9
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.2 0.5 1.4 -0.7 0.9 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 1.1 0.8 -1.2 -0.9 -0.2
Comparative height size at age 10 0.6 3.0 8.3 0.0 2.9 0.3 1.0 2.1 1.7 0.3 2.2 2.5 2.7 0.5 0.9 1.7
Number of full sisters 1.2 1.4 6.1 0.6 -2.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.8 1.1 -0.1 0.2 1.9 1.5 1.0
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 3.2 5.0 11.2 -1.4 0.9 -0.2 1.2 2.4 2.8 2.4 3.0 1.4 2.4 2.3 3.3 2.9
Overall health rating 0.4 0.8 5.5 0.5 0.9 2.3 0.1 0.9 0.4 -0.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.5
Chest pain or discomfort 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 -0.1 0.1 1.3 1.1 1.0
Had major operations 2.6 3.0 9.7 2.3 0.2 3.1 2.0 2.2 1.0 -0.0 1.4 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.9 1.3
Age at last live birth 1.0 1.5 4.1 -0.8 0.6 -2.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.0 -0.6 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 -1.3
Family relationship satisfaction 0.9 1.1 2.6 0.4 1.4 0.4 0.2 -0.7 -1.6 -0.9 -1.4 -1.3 -1.6 0.1 -0.8 -1.2
Leg pain on walking 0.8 1.1 3.8 -2.0 -0.9 -0.2 0.6 0.4 1.5 1.6 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.9
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.9 -0.7 1.2 -1.2 -0.1 -0.7 -1.1 -0.3 -0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.9
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 1.7 1.9 6.8 1.3 -0.3 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.6 2.6 2.6 -0.6 -0.0 1.3
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.9 1.1 2.7 -1.0 -0.5 -1.6 0.2 -1.5 0.3 1.6 -1.1 -1.3 -1.0 -1.1 0.0 -0.3
Medication: Aspirin 1.0 1.4 2.7 1.6 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.1 0.6 1.5 1.3 1.2
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.6 0.8 3.8 -0.0 1.9 -0.1 0.2 0.8 0.3 -0.8 0.7 1.5 1.2 -0.4 -0.5 0.3
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.0 0.3 0.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.3
Hypertension (Self-reported) 1.1 3.0 11.4 -1.1 -2.2 -0.6 -1.0 -2.0 -1.8 0.1 -1.9 -3.4 -2.7 0.7 0.3 -1.5
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 3.0 3.6 5.6 0.8 -0.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.5 2.4 1.3 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 1.5 2.0 5.8 2.4 1.4 2.4 0.3 0.2 -1.8 -1.9 -1.1 -0.0 -1.2 0.8 -1.2 -1.2
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.1 1.4 7.6 2.1 1.0 2.7 0.0 1.0 -0.0 -0.3 0.5 0.7 0.3 1.6 0.3 -0.0
Smoking status: Previous 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.5 -1.1 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.7 -1.0 -0.0 0.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.5 0.9 3.0 -1.6 1.7 -1.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.0 -1.4 -0.8 -0.2
Whole body fat-free mass 2.8 16.0 39.2 -0.2 -0.4 -1.8 -1.3 -5.6 -4.8 -1.3 -5.7 -6.2 -6.3 -2.5 -3.1 -4.6
Leg fat-free mass (right) 2.7 14.3 33.1 -0.6 -0.7 -2.2 -1.5 -5.4 -4.4 -1.1 -5.4 -5.8 -5.7 -2.7 -2.9 -4.3
Arm fat percentage (left) 2.2 8.6 19.3 -0.2 -2.2 -0.8 -3.0 -3.3 -3.4 -2.3 -4.0 -2.8 -3.1 -2.5 -3.3 -4.4
Average weekly red wine intake 1.5 2.3 7.7 -0.4 -1.7 -1.2 -2.8 -1.4 -1.7 -1.2 -1.1 -2.1 -1.7 -0.2 -0.3 -1.6
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 4.5 5.4 12.5 0.5 1.1 -0.6 -1.6 -2.8 -3.1 -1.7 -3.2 -2.9 -3.5 -1.4 -2.3 -2.7
Mood swings 0.6 1.1 2.8 -1.7 1.4 0.2 -1.3 1.2 0.5 -0.9 1.1 1.3 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.1
Loneliness, isolation 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.7 0.2 -0.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.8
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.8 -0.5 1.1 -0.7 -0.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6
Ever had bowel cancer screening 1.2 1.4 4.2 -0.3 1.8 0.9 -0.5 1.7 0.7 -0.8 1.4 2.1 1.8 0.5 0.2 0.5
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.4 0.6 2.6 -1.0 -1.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7 0.7 0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.5 -1.6 -1.0 -0.2
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.6 -0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 -1.3 -1.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 0.8 -0.2 -0.7
Friendships satisfaction 2.7 3.3 7.9 0.6 0.2 0.8 -1.6 -1.2 -2.6 -2.8 -2.0 -1.1 -1.5 -1.3 -2.7 -2.5
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.2 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -0.8 -1.0 -0.0 -0.3 -0.4
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.5 0.5 1.4 -0.8 0.4 -0.6 0.9 -0.1 0.4 1.2 0.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.7 1.2 0.6
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.5 0.6 3.5 0.1 1.9 -0.9 0.4 -0.7 0.6 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.9 -0.1 0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 3.0 4.8 8.7 -2.2 2.2 -0.9 1.8 2.3 2.5 1.2 2.9 2.4 2.9 0.8 2.0 2.8
Medication for cholesterol 0.9 1.4 4.3 -0.7 2.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.1 -0.1 -1.3 -0.2 1.5 0.8 -2.0 -1.9 -0.4
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 1.0 1.1 2.2 -1.3 0.6 -0.2 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.5
Back pain experienced in last month 1.3 1.9 4.8 -0.1 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.3 2.2 1.7 1.5
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.5 0.6 2.0 -0.4 0.6 -1.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -1.4 -1.4 0.5 0.9 0.1
Breast cancer (self-reported) 4.5 5.4 16.2 -1.6 -2.4 -0.5 -0.0 2.3 3.2 1.8 3.1 2.7 4.0 0.3 2.0 2.3
Asthma (self-reported) 0.3 0.5 1.6 -0.6 0.5 -1.2 -0.3 -0.9 0.4 1.1 -0.3 -0.9 0.0 -1.1 -0.2 -0.1
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.8 1.0 2.5 0.8 0.9 1.4 -0.8 -0.4 -1.1 -1.5 -0.8 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 -1.6 -1.2
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 1.8 2.3 5.1 0.2 1.8 1.7 -0.9 2.3 0.9 -0.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.4 0.8 0.7
Medication: Aspirin 1.0 1.3 2.9 1.7 -0.2 1.6 1.5 0.4 0.9 1.7 0.5 -0.4 0.0 1.5 1.3 1.1
Medication: Gliclazide 1.7 1.9 5.9 -1.1 -1.3 -1.4 -1.4 -2.0 -0.4 0.2 -1.7 -0.8 -0.9 -2.4 -1.6 -1.3
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.4 0.5 2.0 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.4 0.2
Smoking status: Current 3.5 5.5 15.8 1.3 -0.9 2.7 3.2 2.6 1.5 1.6 2.6 0.6 1.0 4.0 3.2 2.6
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 1.1 2.3 9.8 0.1 0.5 -3.1 -1.8 -1.9 -0.6 0.8 -0.9 -2.7 -1.8 -0.5 0.7 -0.2
Whole body water mass 2.9 16.3 39.9 -0.2 -0.3 -1.8 -1.5 -5.6 -4.9 -1.3 -5.7 -6.3 -6.3 -2.4 -3.1 -4.6
Leg predicted mass (right) 2.6 13.9 31.8 -0.7 -0.8 -2.2 -1.4 -5.3 -4.3 -1.1 -5.3 -5.6 -5.6 -2.7 -2.9 -4.3
Arm fat mass (left) 3.5 14.2 28.5 0.1 -2.2 -1.0 -3.1 -4.6 -4.6 -2.5 -5.3 -4.4 -4.8 -2.7 -3.8 -5.3
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.2 0.3 1.9 0.2 0.1 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.2
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 1.9 2.6 6.5 -0.0 2.5 1.9 -1.7 1.6 -0.1 -2.4 0.9 2.5 1.8 0.1 -1.2 -0.7
Miserableness 0.7 1.2 2.3 -0.5 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.5
Guilty feelings 1.1 1.6 4.2 -2.1 1.9 -2.1 0.9 -0.2 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.7 -1.1 0.4 1.3
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.5 0.6 3.8 1.2 2.0 0.5 1.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.0 -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.9 1.0 4.2 -2.1 -0.2 -1.2 1.0 -0.0 1.0 1.4 0.8 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.8 1.3
Hearing aid user 0.5 0.6 2.8 -0.5 -0.2 -0.8 -0.6 -1.1 0.2 0.6 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -1.7 -0.9 -0.5
Mother’s age at death 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 -0.9 0.9 1.0 -0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4
Financial situation satisfaction 1.2 1.4 4.7 0.8 0.9 1.8 -1.3 0.5 -1.7 -2.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 1.3 -0.5 -1.4
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 3.2 3.8 6.8 0.1 1.5 0.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.3 2.6 2.2 2.2 1.6 2.0 2.6
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.5 0.6 1.9 -0.6 -0.9 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 -1.2 -1.3 1.4 0.9 0.1
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 3.6 4.2 9.3 0.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.7 1.2 1.6 3.0 3.1 2.6
Medication: Blood pressure 1.4 2.7 9.8 0.3 -1.2 0.3 -0.5 -1.7 -2.1 -0.4 -2.0 -3.1 -2.8 0.8 -0.1 -1.8
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.5 0.7 2.9 0.3 1.4 1.7 -0.3 1.0 0.0 -0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.1 -0.0
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.1 1.5 4.5 1.4 0.9 2.1 -0.9 0.8 -0.4 -1.8 -0.0 1.6 1.1 -0.3 -1.5 -1.0
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.7 1.3 4.0 -1.4 -2.0 -0.5 -1.5 -1.5 -0.1 0.9 -0.8 -1.7 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 -0.7
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.5 0.7 2.3 -1.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -1.1 -0.6 0.2 -1.0 -1.5 -1.3 0.0 0.0 -0.7
Medication: Paracetamol 1.0 1.5 4.3 -1.6 1.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.8 -0.5 1.2 2.1 2.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.9
Medication: Lisinopril 0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.0 -0.4 -0.6 0.1 -0.5 -1.2 -1.0 0.8 0.7 -0.3
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.6 0.8 3.4 -1.1 -1.8 -1.3 -1.0 -0.5 0.3 0.7 0.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.8 0.2
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.9 1.1 4.2 0.2 0.4 -1.2 0.9 -1.3 -0.5 1.0 -1.1 -2.0 -1.6 -0.1 0.4 0.2
Alcohol drinker status: Never 2.8 3.3 9.1 -2.0 -1.4 -3.0 -1.5 -2.3 -1.2 0.6 -1.8 -3.0 -2.2 -1.1 -0.0 -1.1
Ever smoked 1.5 2.7 5.9 1.1 -1.4 1.5 1.0 2.1 1.5 0.8 2.1 1.1 1.6 2.4 2.1 1.6
Basal metabolic rate 2.9 15.9 37.2 -0.2 -0.5 -1.8 -1.6 -5.5 -4.8 -1.4 -5.7 -6.1 -6.1 -2.5 -3.1 -4.7
Leg fat percentage (left) 2.1 7.6 17.0 0.3 -1.4 -0.1 -3.2 -3.0 -3.5 -2.1 -3.6 -3.6 -3.5 -0.9 -2.1 -4.1
Arm fat-free mass (left) 3.4 17.3 43.8 0.3 -0.3 -1.2 -1.8 -5.5 -5.3 -1.7 -5.9 -6.5 -6.6 -1.9 -3.0 -5.0
Number of operations (self-reported) 3.2 4.7 12.4 0.6 -1.2 3.2 1.2 3.3 1.1 -1.3 2.6 3.5 2.8 2.0 0.6 1.4
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 1.0 1.4 5.0 0.7 -2.2 -0.3 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.3 0.5 1.7 1.6 1.4
Irritability 0.7 1.3 2.5 -1.2 1.6 -0.9 -1.3 -0.8 -1.2 -1.4 -1.0 -0.6 -0.5 -1.0 -1.2 -1.3
Risk taking 1.0 1.4 4.0 -1.2 -0.6 1.4 -1.3 0.2 -0.2 -1.4 -0.3 1.7 1.1 -1.2 -2.0 -1.2
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 2.8 3.2 8.2 -0.1 0.8 -0.0 -2.4 -1.7 -2.0 -2.0 -2.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.7 -2.5 -2.9
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.0 -0.5 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.0 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.5
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.3 0.4 1.6 -0.7 -1.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 3.7 11.6 30.6 1.5 0.1 -0.1 -1.8 -4.3 -4.3 -1.7 -4.9 -4.8 -5.5 -1.6 -3.1 -3.9
Ever depressed for a whole week 2.5 3.1 7.3 -0.2 1.4 0.3 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.4 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.7 2.6
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.5 0.6 2.0 -1.4 -0.8 -0.2 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.9
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 4.3 5.2 12.1 -0.7 -1.1 -2.8 -1.6 -3.5 -1.6 0.4 -3.0 -3.2 -3.0 -2.3 -1.4 -2.3
Myopia 0.8 1.1 5.5 0.6 -0.4 0.2 -0.0 0.2 -0.7 0.2 0.1 -1.7 -1.4 2.3 1.8 0.2
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.8 2.2 8.7 0.3 1.9 -0.0 0.2 1.6 1.5 -0.3 1.6 3.0 2.5 -1.0 -0.5 1.1
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.5 0.8 2.4 0.6 -1.5 0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 -1.3 -0.4 1.5 1.3 0.0
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 4.3 5.2 11.4 0.9 1.3 3.1 1.0 3.1 1.9 0.8 3.0 1.9 2.3 3.4 2.5 2.2
Pain experienced in last month 2.1 3.6 9.7 -1.4 -1.8 -3.1 -2.5 -2.5 -0.7 -0.1 -1.7 -1.6 -1.2 -2.7 -1.4 -1.6
Supplements: Calcium 0.9 1.0 5.2 -0.4 0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -1.0 -0.0 -0.4 -0.7 0.5 0.4 -2.3 -1.9 -0.6
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 2.8 0.6 0.8 -0.8 0.2 -0.8 -0.7 0.3 -0.4 -1.7 -1.3 0.2 0.5 0.1
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.6 2.0 8.4 2.4 1.3 2.9 0.6 0.6 -1.3 -1.3 -0.3 -0.7 -1.1 2.1 0.1 -0.4
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.5 -1.6 -1.3 -0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.3 0.6 -0.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.8 -0.3 0.3
Heart disease (siblings) 1.4 1.7 5.3 2.1 -0.7 0.9 2.3 0.2 0.1 1.4 0.0 -1.1 -1.1 1.9 1.5 0.9
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.6 1.9 3.8 -0.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.4 0.6 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4
Pack years of smoking 1.8 2.6 6.1 0.7 -1.7 2.0 2.5 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.9 2.4 1.7 1.5
Impedance of whole body 7.8 39.6 103.2 -0.4 5.1 2.5 2.3 8.7 7.2 1.1 8.6 10.2 9.9 3.2 4.2 6.7
Leg fat mass (left) 3.2 12.4 23.7 -0.1 -1.6 -1.0 -3.0 -4.4 -4.4 -2.1 -4.9 -4.9 -4.8 -1.9 -2.9 -4.9
Arm predicted mass (left) 3.5 17.7 43.5 0.3 -0.3 -1.4 -1.8 -5.8 -5.2 -1.5 -6.0 -6.5 -6.6 -2.2 -3.2 -5.0