Hub : Genes

ARPC5L

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Brain Cerebellar Hemisphere 0.2140 0.0760 1.3e-05 0.337 NA 0.310 NA 0.319 1.8e-09 NA 1.1e-08 NA 6.1e-09
2 GTEx Brain Cerebellum 0.3060 0.0860 9.5e-09 0.369 NA 0.269 NA 0.043 7.7e-12 NA 1.5e-08 NA 2.1e-02
3 GTEx Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg 0.1060 0.0460 4.0e-04 0.024 NA 0.008 NA 0.019 4.1e-03 NA 6.9e-02 NA 8.8e-03
4 GTEx Thyroid 0.1770 0.0550 2.8e-11 0.123 NA 0.164 NA 0.161 1.2e-09 NA 1.5e-12 NA 2.4e-12
5 METSIM Adipose 0.0197 0.0111 4.3e-03 0.011 0.016 0.014 NA 0.015 6.8e-03 1.5e-03 3.2e-03 NA 2.0e-03
6 YFS Blood 0.0526 0.0294 1.7e-02 0.003 -0.001 0.007 NA 0.003 2.0e-02 9.0e-01 1.4e-03 NA 3.2e-02
7 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.1149 0.0513 1.1e-11 0.078 0.111 0.103 NA 0.100 3.5e-09 1.3e-12 9.7e-12 NA 2.1e-11

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.4 0.7 1.2 -0.9 0.9 0.0 1.0 1.0 -1.1 -0.3
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.7 1.7 2.8 -1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.0 -0.8 0.5
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.3 1.0 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -1.0 0.0 0.5 0.8
Depression (Nagel 2018) 1.6 2.3 4.7 1.6 -1.5 0.0 -2.2 -1.9 1.7 -0.5
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.3 1.0 2.1 -1.0 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.9 -1.5 0.9
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.8 2.0 5.3 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -2.3 -1.3 2.0 1.6
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.4 0.8 1.8 -1.2 1.3 0.0 1.1 0.4 -0.0 0.8
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 0.9 -0.0
Worry (Nagel 2018) 1.6 3.4 8.4 1.0 -1.3 0.0 -2.4 -2.3 2.9 1.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 1.6 1.9 3.7 1.6 -1.7 0.0 -1.7 -1.9 -0.1 -1.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 1.5 1.6 4.3 -1.4 1.2 0.0 1.9 2.1 -0.0 0.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.9 -0.9 0.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.5 -0.8
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.1 0.3 0.9 -0.6 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.2 -1.0 0.0
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.3 0.7 2.2 -0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 -1.5 0.1
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.4 0.8 2.3 -0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 -1.5 -0.0
Major Depression (MDD) 4.6 5.6 10.2 2.7 -2.9 0.0 -3.2 -2.9 -0.3 -2.1
Reaction Time 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.0 -0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.5
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.3 0.7 1.7 -0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.1 1.3
Breast Cancer 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4
Ovarian Cancer 1.9 2.5 3.6 -1.8 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.9 -0.3 1.6
Prostate Cancer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Age at First Birth 2.8 4.1 5.6 -2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 -0.3 2.0
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 1.1 1.0 2.1 -1.4 1.4 0.0 1.4 1.0 0.0 0.6
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.3 0.7 0.0 0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.8
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.1 1.7 2.6 -1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 -1.0 0.8
Mean Putamen Volume 2.8 3.3 4.7 2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -1.8 -2.2 0.5 -1.7
Fasting Glucose 1.6 1.9 4.2 1.4 -1.4 -2.0 -0.9 -1.4 0.3 -1.5
HbA1C 1.9 2.1 3.8 1.9 -1.9 0.0 -1.3 -1.6 -0.0 -1.7
HDL Cholesterol 0.1 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 -1.3 -0.2
LDL Cholesterol 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2
Lupus 1.1 1.6 4.3 1.1 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -1.7 -0.2 -2.1
Neuroticism (2016) 1.7 2.4 7.9 1.5 -1.5 0.0 -2.8 -1.7 1.3 0.1
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.6 0.9 4.7 0.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -2.2 -0.9
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.8 1.1 2.5 -1.3 1.3 0.0 0.9 0.9 -1.6 0.7
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.4 1.0 2.2 -1.4 1.5 0.0 0.9 0.3 -0.8 1.0
Triglycerides 0.5 0.8 1.4 0.9 -1.0 0.0 -1.2 -0.9 0.6 -1.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.5 0.5 0.0 0.7 -0.2 -0.6 -0.5
Ulcerative Colitis 0.3 0.4 2.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.1 -1.6 -0.5
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.2 1.7 2.9 -1.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.6 -1.5 -0.8
Blood Platelet Count 0.1 1.5 3.3 -1.2 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.6 -0.8 -0.5
Blood Red Count 0.1 1.3 4.4 0.4 -0.9 -0.9 -1.4 0.1 2.1 1.0
Blood White Count 0.1 1.1 3.5 -0.6 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.1 -1.0 -1.9
Heel T-Score 0.4 2.8 4.2 -1.9 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.9 0.3 1.3
BMI 0.2 1.0 3.3 -0.5 0.4 0.2 1.8 0.9 -1.4 -1.0
Height 0.7 12.5 24.0 -3.9 3.9 3.6 4.9 4.2 0.7 1.1
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 1.8 8.0 17.3 2.9 -2.7 -2.5 -4.2 -3.6 0.7 -1.7
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.7 3.3 9.5 -0.7 0.4 -0.4 2.4 1.2 -2.4 -3.1
Smoking Status 7.0 16.7 32.7 3.8 -3.8 -4.0 -5.7 -5.3 2.9 -1.4
Allergy or Eczema 0.3 0.7 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.0 1.4 -0.9 -0.9
Cardiovascular Disease 1.0 3.2 15.1 1.2 -1.0 -1.1 0.2 -0.6 -1.7 -3.9
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.7 1.6 2.4 -1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 -0.3 1.0
Respiratory disease 0.6 1.3 2.8 1.6 -1.4 -0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.3 -1.7
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 1.7 3.1 5.1 -2.3 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.3 -0.1 1.5
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 1.0 5.3 11.2 -2.1 2.2 2.2 2.6 1.2 -3.3 1.8
Lung FVC 1.8 9.1 14.7 -3.2 3.4 2.8 3.4 3.8 -1.2 2.7
Neuroticism 2.7 6.4 14.0 1.9 -2.1 -2.0 -3.7 -2.9 3.2 0.5
Chronotype (morning person) 1.0 2.3 3.7 -1.4 1.5 1.9 1.7 0.8 -1.8 1.1
Hair Pigment 0.0 1.3 3.9 -0.7 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.4 2.0 1.8
Tanning 0.3 3.9 5.9 1.9 -2.1 -2.3 -2.4 -1.7 1.5 -1.8
Hand grip strength (left) 8.7 22.9 31.7 -5.5 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.2 -2.3 3.6
Number of treatments/medications taken 5.6 10.1 16.4 3.3 -3.4 -3.2 -2.7 -3.5 -1.5 -4.0
Average weekly spirits intake 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.9 -0.8 -1.1 -0.8 -0.4 0.8 -0.3
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 1.3 2.2 7.1 1.1 -1.2 -0.8 -2.7 -2.0 0.9 -0.5
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 2.5 3.6 5.2 1.9 -1.9 -1.7 -2.3 -2.3 1.9 -1.0
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 1.2 1.8 3.1 1.3 -1.4 -1.2 -1.5 -1.8 1.2 -0.9
Relative age of first facial hair 0.6 1.2 3.1 0.8 -1.0 -0.9 -1.8 -1.4 0.9 -0.2
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 7.5 9.8 14.5 3.8 -3.6 -3.2 -3.4 -3.0 0.0 -3.1
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.8 2.3 4.8 1.5 -1.4 -1.7 -1.8 -2.2 0.1 -1.0
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3 -0.0 -0.1
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.8 2.3 8.5 -1.2 1.0 0.5 2.9 1.2 -1.5 -1.1
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.4 -0.6 -0.9 -1.1
Angina 1.6 2.1 4.0 1.5 -1.5 -1.1 -1.2 -2.0 -1.2 -1.4
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 1.5 1.6 3.5 1.1 -1.3 -1.0 -1.7 -1.9 0.3 -1.0
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.6 0.8 2.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.9 0.2 1.4 1.5
Supplements: Zinc 0.9 1.0 3.5 0.8 -0.8 -1.3 -0.1 -0.9 -0.1 -1.9
Medication: Co-codamol 2.0 2.3 3.6 1.1 -1.5 -1.9 -1.6 -1.9 0.3 -1.8
Medication: Metformin 3.3 4.6 7.3 -2.7 2.7 2.4 2.7 1.7 -0.7 1.3
Diabetes (father) 0.7 0.9 1.4 -1.2 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.3 -0.7 1.0
Diabetes (mother) 0.9 1.2 2.7 -1.6 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.0 -0.1 0.6
Severe depression (siblings) 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.7 -1.1 -0.9
Pack years adult smoking proportion 3.3 5.0 7.5 2.5 -2.4 -1.8 -2.7 -2.2 2.5 -1.3
Impedance of leg (right) 1.3 6.5 15.4 2.3 -2.4 -2.3 -3.9 -3.4 1.4 0.2
Leg fat-free mass (left) 1.6 8.4 21.8 -2.9 3.0 2.5 4.7 3.6 -0.8 0.1
Trunk fat percentage 0.1 0.5 1.6 0.5 -0.5 -1.3 -0.2 -0.8 0.1 -0.6
Hand grip strength (right) 7.8 21.3 30.0 -5.2 5.3 4.7 5.5 5.3 -2.2 2.9
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 6.7 9.4 12.7 3.6 -3.6 -3.0 -3.5 -3.2 0.8 -3.0
Current tobacco smoking 8.5 14.0 26.1 3.7 -3.7 -3.3 -5.1 -4.3 3.4 -1.7
Average weekly fortified wine intake 1.1 1.3 2.0 1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -1.4 -0.9 1.1 -0.6
Maternal smoking around birth 0.5 0.7 3.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 -0.3 1.9 1.0
Fed-up feelings 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 4.9 6.5 8.9 2.7 -2.7 -2.2 -3.0 -2.9 2.1 -1.8
Relative age voice broke 1.5 2.2 3.6 1.5 -1.7 -1.6 -1.7 -1.9 -0.2 -1.3
Taking other prescription medications 2.7 4.1 5.7 2.3 -2.3 -2.4 -2.1 -1.5 -0.1 -2.4
Age when periods started (menarche) 3.4 8.2 10.9 2.9 -3.1 -3.2 -2.9 -3.3 1.3 -3.0
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.4 0.5 0.9 -0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4 1.0 -0.0 0.7
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.3 0.7 1.7 0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 1.3 -0.7
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.8 0.9 1.8 0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -0.7 -1.0 -0.9 -1.4
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.9 1.2 2.6 1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 1.2 -1.6
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 2.0 2.4 3.6 1.8 -1.7 -1.3 -1.2 -1.9 0.9 -1.9
High blood pressure 0.8 2.3 10.9 0.8 -0.6 -0.3 1.0 -0.2 -1.7 -3.3
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.6 1.3 5.1 -0.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 2.3 -0.6 0.1
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.3 1.7 2.9 -1.2 1.2 1.6 1.7 0.7 -1.7 -0.5
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 4.4 5.5 8.7 2.4 -2.5 -3.0 -2.3 -2.3 2.1 -1.8
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.5 0.6 -0.2 0.7 0.2 -0.8 0.9
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 4.4 5.2 8.3 2.3 -2.5 -2.8 -2.5 -2.9 1.1 -1.3
Medication: Atenolol 1.3 1.7 4.8 1.2 -1.5 -0.9 -1.1 -2.2 -0.3 -0.9
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.2 0.4 0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.4
Sitting height 1.1 7.5 16.1 -2.9 2.9 2.4 4.0 3.5 -1.0 0.5
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.5 0.6 2.8 0.3 -0.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.0 1.7 0.2
High blood pressure (mother) 1.2 1.7 7.6 1.2 -1.2 -0.8 0.1 -0.7 0.3 -2.8
Body mass index (BMI) 0.1 0.5 2.0 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 1.4 0.7 -0.6 -0.7
Impedance of leg (left) 1.4 6.7 17.5 2.4 -2.4 -2.3 -4.2 -3.4 1.0 0.3
Leg predicted mass (left) 1.6 8.6 22.3 -2.9 3.1 2.5 4.7 3.6 -0.8 0.1
Trunk fat mass 0.1 0.3 1.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.4 1.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.5
Waist circumference 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -1.0
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.8 -1.0 0.1 0.4
Past tobacco smoking 3.0 5.6 11.8 -2.2 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.4 -0.8 1.6
Alcohol usually taken with meals 1.9 3.0 6.9 -1.8 1.9 1.4 2.1 2.6 -0.6 0.8
Nervous feelings 2.6 4.8 11.0 1.5 -1.5 -1.6 -3.2 -2.2 3.3 0.8
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 2.5 3.9 5.6 2.1 -2.1 -1.8 -2.4 -2.1 1.9 -1.5
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.7 1.2 3.3 1.1 -1.0 -0.7 -0.8 -1.2 1.8 0.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.7 0.9 1.3 -1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 -0.6 0.4
Had menopause 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.4 -0.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.2 0.8 -0.1
Had other major operations 1.5 1.9 2.6 1.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.4 -1.3 1.0 -1.3
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 4.2 16.1 25.9 -4.4 4.5 3.7 4.8 5.1 -1.0 3.1
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.0 0.1 0.5 -0.1 -0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.7 -0.2
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 1.1 1.4 2.2 1.4 -1.3 -1.5 -1.0 -0.9 0.5 -1.3
Qualifications: None of the above 5.8 12.5 18.3 3.9 -4.1 -4.3 -3.9 -3.7 1.5 -2.4
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 3.7 5.0 7.6 2.8 -2.4 -2.2 -2.7 -2.0 1.9 -1.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems 2.4 3.6 5.4 -2.1 2.1 1.0 1.9 2.2 -1.4 2.3
Heart attack 2.1 2.7 4.0 1.9 -1.9 -1.5 -2.0 -1.9 0.9 -1.1
Allergy 0.3 0.8 1.6 -1.3 1.2 0.6 0.5 -0.3 0.2 1.1
Pain all over the body in last month 2.2 2.4 4.5 1.4 -1.6 -1.6 -1.8 -1.4 2.1 -0.2
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.9 1.4 2.8 -1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.4 -0.7 0.8
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.8 1.1 -1.0 -1.0
Medication: Ramipril 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.4 0.3 -0.3 0.6 0.4 -0.9 -0.8
Medication: Simvastatin 2.1 3.0 6.2 1.5 -1.5 -1.7 -1.4 -1.6 -1.8 -2.5
Fluid intelligence score 0.2 0.4 1.2 -0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.1 1.1
Illnesses of siblings 1.9 2.7 5.0 -1.8 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.7 0.7 2.2
Neuroticism score 2.5 5.2 10.7 2.0 -2.2 -1.8 -3.3 -2.8 2.3 -0.4
Weight 0.6 2.9 9.5 -1.6 1.7 1.1 3.1 2.1 -0.5 -0.1
Impedance of arm (right) 0.5 2.5 6.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -1.9 -1.6 2.5 2.3
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.0 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.8 0.5 -0.3 0.5 -0.2
Trunk fat-free mass 1.7 9.7 24.8 -3.0 3.2 2.9 5.0 3.8 -1.2 0.1
Hip circumference 0.9 3.7 10.6 -2.0 2.0 1.3 3.3 2.3 -0.6 0.5
Time employed in main current job 0.7 0.8 1.7 -1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4 1.3 -0.3 1.1
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 2.2 3.3 6.5 -2.1 1.9 1.9 2.5 1.5 -1.2 0.9
Father’s age at death 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.2 -0.6
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.6 1.2 2.7 0.6 -0.3 -0.4 -1.5 -1.3 1.6 1.0
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 6.1 9.9 13.6 3.6 -3.6 -2.8 -3.4 -3.7 2.8 -1.7
Falls in the last year 2.3 3.1 4.8 1.9 -1.9 -1.3 -2.2 -2.1 1.5 -1.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.3 0.5 2.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.2 -1.6 -0.8
Number of live births 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.7 -0.1 -0.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 6.6 22.1 33.0 -5.0 5.1 4.6 5.7 5.6 -2.1 3.7
Pulse rate 1.4 2.4 5.3 -1.4 1.4 1.8 2.3 1.4 -1.4 0.0
Happiness 0.8 1.0 1.8 1.4 -1.2 -0.9 -1.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.6
Noisy workplace 2.3 2.8 4.5 1.8 -1.8 -1.7 -1.6 -1.8 -0.3 -2.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 2.4 5.4 7.4 -2.6 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.3 -2.3 1.0
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.6 -0.4 -0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 4.1 6.9 11.1 2.9 -3.0 -2.2 -2.8 -2.7 0.2 -3.3
Asthma 0.5 0.9 2.1 1.4 -1.3 -0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -1.2
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 3.6 4.5 6.6 2.6 -2.5 -2.0 -2.1 -2.5 -0.5 -2.0
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 3.8 6.0 8.3 2.2 -2.2 -2.1 -1.8 -2.8 -2.8 -2.9
Depression (self-reported) 1.1 1.3 2.0 1.0 -1.2 -0.5 -1.3 -1.4 1.0 -1.3
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.0 1.1 1.8 0.8 -0.9 -1.3 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -1.1
Prospective memory result 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.4 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.2 -0.5 0.8
Lung cancer (father) 0.8 1.0 1.8 1.2 -1.0 -0.7 -1.4 -1.2 -0.1 -0.7
Illnesses of mother 0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.4 -0.6 0.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 3.9 12.5 17.8 -3.7 3.9 3.7 4.2 3.7 -2.6 2.6
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -0.0 -0.9 1.1 -1.2
Impedance of arm (left) 0.5 2.2 5.1 0.5 -0.5 -1.0 -2.2 -1.5 2.3 1.5
Arm fat mass (right) 0.2 0.7 3.1 -0.8 0.8 0.0 1.8 0.9 0.1 -0.1
Trunk predicted mass 1.7 9.9 25.3 -3.0 3.2 2.9 5.0 3.8 -1.2 0.1
Standing height 0.9 9.1 17.6 -3.3 3.5 3.2 4.2 3.4 0.0 1.3
Length of working week for main job 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.6 -0.8 -0.1
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 2.5 2.8 4.5 2.1 -1.9 -1.7 -2.1 -1.9 -0.1 -1.1
Breastfed as a baby 0.8 1.0 2.2 -1.4 1.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 -0.4 0.3
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 2.6 4.3 6.3 1.9 -2.2 -2.3 -2.5 -2.3 2.1 -0.8
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.9 2.9 3.7 1.8 -1.5 -1.5 -1.9 -1.9 1.5 -1.7
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.6 1.5 4.3 1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -2.1 -0.6 -0.1
Birth weight of first child 0.3 0.6 1.3 -0.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.1 -0.8 -0.1
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 7.4 17.2 26.2 -4.3 4.4 3.9 5.1 5.0 -2.3 3.2
Pulse wave reflection index 1.1 1.4 2.0 1.3 -1.2 -1.4 -1.3 -1.4 0.5 -0.9
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 6.9 8.3 11.7 3.4 -3.4 -3.2 -3.0 -2.6 1.7 -2.4
Loud music exposure frequency 4.5 5.0 6.9 2.5 -2.6 -1.8 -2.4 -2.5 -0.7 -2.4
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 3.8 6.1 9.2 -2.5 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.8 -2.0 0.9
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 2.6 3.4 6.0 -1.7 1.9 2.5 1.9 2.0 0.3 1.8
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -0.9 -1.3 0.4 0.3
Medication: Paracetamol 3.4 5.7 9.1 3.0 -2.8 -2.2 -2.6 -2.8 1.3 -1.5
Headache pain in last month 3.7 6.4 11.3 2.7 -2.8 -1.8 -2.6 -3.4 -0.3 -2.8
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 1.8 3.0 7.0 -1.4 1.4 1.5 0.5 1.5 2.3 2.6
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.9 0.5 -0.7
Gout (self-reported) 0.8 1.1 2.8 1.0 -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 -0.9 0.2 -1.7
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.5 1.0 1.8 -1.0 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.2 0.7
Medication: Amlodipine 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.0 0.9 -0.1 -0.7 -1.2
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.9 1.1 2.0 1.2 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -1.1 -0.6 -1.4
Birth weight 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.9 0.3
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.9 0.5
High blood pressure (siblings) 1.5 2.2 6.6 1.5 -1.4 -1.3 -0.5 -1.0 -1.2 -2.6
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 2.5 9.1 13.2 -3.2 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.4 -1.3 2.3
Body fat percentage 0.2 0.7 2.3 0.7 -0.8 -1.5 -0.4 -0.9 0.1 -0.7
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.5 1.8 3.6 1.4 -1.5 -1.9 -1.0 -1.5 -0.2 -1.1
Arm fat-free mass (right) 1.3 6.4 17.3 -2.3 2.4 2.1 4.2 3.2 -1.4 -0.6
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -0.8 -0.5 1.0 -0.4
Comparative body size at age 10 0.6 1.7 4.5 -1.2 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.4 -0.1 2.1
Number of full brothers 2.0 2.5 4.2 1.7 -1.7 -1.8 -1.4 -2.1 0.8 -1.2
Worry too long after embarrassment 1.2 2.0 5.4 -0.3 0.2 0.5 -1.4 -1.2 2.1 2.3
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 5.3 6.9 12.3 2.6 -2.6 -2.4 -3.5 -2.6 1.8 -2.4
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 5.7 10.2 14.2 3.6 -3.7 -3.1 -2.8 -3.8 0.3 -3.7
Number of children fathered 0.8 0.9 2.4 0.8 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.3 -1.5 -1.4
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.6 1.9 4.6 -0.9 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.5 2.1
Age at first live birth 3.1 5.5 8.7 -2.2 2.4 2.9 2.4 2.6 1.0 2.4
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.8 1.0 2.2 -1.0 0.9 0.9 0.2 1.2 -0.7 1.5
Health satisfaction 2.7 3.5 5.8 2.1 -1.9 -1.8 -2.1 -1.4 -1.1 -2.4
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 1.0 1.1 4.7 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.5 -2.2 -1.6
Qualifications: College or University degree 2.2 7.0 11.3 -2.7 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.4 -1.0 1.3
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.1 -0.0 0.5 -0.6 0.6 1.2 0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 1.6 1.9 3.1 1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.7 -1.8 0.4 -1.3
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 2.0 2.2 3.7 1.3 -1.5 -1.4 -1.9 -1.7 -0.3 -1.7
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 5.6 9.6 13.6 -3.7 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.5 -0.3 2.6
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 3.7 5.3 7.3 2.7 -2.6 -2.0 -2.5 -2.4 0.1 -2.7
Medication: Blood pressure 0.7 1.3 4.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.2 1.0 -0.4 -2.0 -1.9
Angina (self-reported) 2.0 2.6 4.5 1.7 -1.7 -1.3 -1.2 -2.1 -1.4 -1.8
Migraine (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 3.2 0.8 -0.7 -0.2 -1.3 -0.6 -1.8 -1.3
Medication: Ibuprofen 3.0 3.6 5.8 2.4 -2.1 -1.8 -1.4 -1.7 -1.1 -2.3
Medication: Allopurinol 1.4 1.8 3.3 1.3 -1.5 -1.3 -1.6 -1.1 0.4 -1.8
Medication: Omeprazole 2.5 3.0 6.6 1.9 -1.9 -2.6 -1.6 -1.5 1.3 -0.7
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.2
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.4
Heart disease (mother) 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.1
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.5 0.6 1.3 -0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.8
Whole body fat mass 0.1 0.3 1.5 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 1.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.4
Leg fat mass (right) 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.2 -0.7 0.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.8
Arm predicted mass (right) 1.1 5.7 15.5 -2.0 2.1 1.8 3.9 3.0 -1.6 -0.8
Pulse rate, automated reading 1.4 4.6 11.6 -2.3 2.1 2.4 3.4 1.6 -1.8 -0.4
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.3 0.6 2.6 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -1.6 -1.2
Comparative height size at age 10 0.5 2.6 5.2 -1.9 1.9 1.6 2.3 1.6 0.6 0.7
Number of full sisters 1.7 2.1 3.0 1.6 -1.5 -1.7 -1.7 -1.5 1.1 -0.5
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 1.9 3.0 10.1 1.0 -1.3 -1.2 -1.9 -1.8 3.2 0.7
Overall health rating 9.6 20.6 29.0 5.0 -5.2 -4.7 -5.4 -4.9 0.8 -4.0
Chest pain or discomfort 6.3 9.1 14.7 3.4 -3.5 -2.8 -3.8 -3.1 1.6 -2.3
Had major operations 1.3 1.5 4.5 1.3 -1.2 -1.4 -0.3 -0.7 0.6 -2.1
Age at last live birth 1.6 2.4 4.3 -1.4 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.4 0.8 1.7
Family relationship satisfaction 1.0 1.2 1.6 -1.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.2 -0.7 1.2
Leg pain on walking 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.6 -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 1.0 -0.2
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 1.1 1.4 2.8 0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -1.1 -1.7 -0.1 -1.6
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.6 0.8 4.0 -0.4 0.4 0.3 0.8 -0.5 -2.0 -0.1
Medication: Aspirin 0.8 1.1 1.8 1.0 -1.0 -0.6 -1.1 -1.3 -1.1 -1.1
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.8 1.0 2.9 0.8 -0.8 -0.7 -0.0 -0.9 -1.1 -1.7
Knee pain experienced in last month 1.6 2.5 4.6 1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -1.8 -1.4 0.1 -2.1
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.9 2.4 11.0 0.9 -0.7 -0.5 1.1 -0.3 -1.7 -3.3
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 2.3 2.7 7.5 1.4 -1.7 -2.7 -1.6 -1.5 0.6 -1.1
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.8 1.1 2.0 -1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.3 1.4
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.6 0.3 -0.1 -0.0 -0.4
Smoking status: Previous 0.4 0.6 2.5 0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8 -1.6 0.1 -0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.3 0.5 1.6 -0.7 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.8
Whole body fat-free mass 1.7 9.5 24.6 -3.0 3.2 2.8 5.0 3.7 -1.1 0.0
Leg fat-free mass (right) 1.9 10.1 23.9 -3.2 3.4 2.9 4.9 3.9 -1.0 0.4
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.9 0.6 -0.1 0.3 -0.5
Average weekly red wine intake 1.2 1.7 2.8 -1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 0.3 0.7
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -0.6
Mood swings 0.8 1.4 3.7 0.9 -0.8 -1.2 -1.4 -0.9 1.9 -0.5
Loneliness, isolation 0.8 1.1 2.1 1.2 -1.2 -0.4 -0.9 -1.0 -0.6 -1.5
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 3.5 5.3 8.1 2.5 -2.6 -2.2 -2.8 -2.9 0.7 -1.7
Ever had bowel cancer screening 3.1 3.6 6.1 2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -1.7 -2.5 1.5 -1.3
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.6 1.0 1.9 -1.4 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.2 -0.1 0.9
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0 0.2 -0.9
Friendships satisfaction 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.8 -0.3 0.4 -0.2 0.6
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 2.4 3.8 6.3 -2.5 2.4 1.9 2.2 1.8 -0.5 1.5
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.8 0.8 2.5 -0.3 0.4 1.3 0.6 0.9 -1.6 0.2
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.2 -0.2 1.1 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 1.1 1.7 3.1 1.4 -1.3 -0.8 -0.8 -1.8 1.0 -1.7
Medication for cholesterol 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.0 0.3 1.0 0.9
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 1.3 1.5 6.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.7 -1.1 -0.2 2.5 1.7
Back pain experienced in last month 4.0 5.8 7.9 2.6 -2.8 -2.0 -2.3 -2.7 0.8 -2.8
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.9 1.2 3.3 -0.3 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.5 1.8 1.7
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.8 1.0 5.3 -0.6 0.6 -0.1 0.3 0.6 0.8 2.3
Asthma (self-reported) 0.6 1.3 2.7 1.6 -1.4 -0.9 -0.9 -0.5 -0.3 -1.4
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 1.4 1.8 3.3 1.7 -1.4 -1.1 -1.0 -0.2 -1.4 -1.8
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 3.3 4.3 6.0 2.4 -2.2 -2.0 -2.5 -2.4 0.6 -1.6
Medication: Aspirin 1.1 1.4 2.6 1.2 -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 -1.6 -0.9 -1.3
Medication: Gliclazide 0.9 1.0 1.6 -1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 -0.6 -0.3
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.7 0.9 2.1 0.9 -1.1 -0.7 -1.4 -1.2 -0.4 -0.3
Smoking status: Current 9.4 14.9 26.5 4.0 -4.0 -3.5 -5.1 -4.4 3.0 -2.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 2.5 5.3 10.9 -2.0 2.1 2.0 2.5 3.3 -2.3 1.5
Whole body water mass 1.7 9.7 24.9 -3.0 3.2 2.8 5.0 3.8 -1.2 0.0
Leg predicted mass (right) 1.8 9.8 23.3 -3.2 3.4 2.9 4.8 3.9 -1.0 0.4
Arm fat mass (left) 0.2 0.7 2.9 -0.7 0.6 -0.1 1.7 0.8 -0.0 -0.4
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 6.1 10.6 17.1 3.6 -3.7 -3.4 -3.0 -3.0 -0.6 -4.1
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 -0.7 0.0
Miserableness 0.7 1.2 3.5 1.0 -0.9 -0.7 -1.9 -0.5 1.5 0.0
Guilty feelings 1.0 1.5 5.4 0.9 -0.9 -0.3 -2.3 -1.7 1.0 0.1
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.3 -0.8 -1.3 -0.3 -0.9 -0.6 -0.9
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.3 0.4 2.0 -0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.4
Hearing aid user 0.4 0.5 2.5 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.5 -1.6 -0.8
Mother’s age at death 0.7 0.8 4.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.2 -2.1 -1.0
Financial situation satisfaction 3.3 4.1 6.8 2.6 -2.2 -2.2 -1.8 -1.9 -0.5 -2.2
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.8 -0.6
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.2 -0.5
Medication: Blood pressure 0.3 0.6 2.9 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.4 0.3 -1.0 -1.7
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 1.9 2.4 3.3 1.4 -1.8 -1.4 -1.6 -1.8 1.8 -0.7
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 2.4 3.2 5.6 1.5 -1.6 -2.2 -1.4 -1.6 -1.6 -2.4
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.8 1.4 4.0 0.6 -0.5 -0.9 -0.0 -1.1 -2.0 -1.8
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 1.4 2.2 10.6 0.3 -0.2 -0.0 0.4 0.3 -3.3 -2.1
Medication: Paracetamol 2.6 4.0 8.0 2.8 -2.5 -2.0 -1.9 -2.0 0.7 -1.4
Medication: Lisinopril 0.9 1.1 4.4 -0.4 0.6 0.4 0.9 1.0 -2.1 -0.9
Medication: Atorvastatin 1.4 1.7 4.3 1.0 -1.1 -1.2 -0.9 -2.1 -0.1 -1.8
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 1.1 1.4 3.3 1.2 -0.9 -0.9 -0.3 -1.1 -1.4 -1.8
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.9 1.0 4.0 0.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6 -1.0 -2.0 -1.0
Ever smoked 4.4 7.8 13.2 2.8 -2.7 -2.7 -3.5 -3.6 1.3 -2.2
Basal metabolic rate 1.5 8.1 21.4 -2.8 2.9 2.5 4.6 3.5 -1.0 0.1
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.5 1.7 3.5 1.4 -1.5 -1.9 -1.0 -1.4 -0.4 -1.1
Arm fat-free mass (left) 1.0 5.0 15.0 -1.9 2.0 1.7 3.9 2.8 -1.2 -0.7
Number of operations (self-reported) 4.5 6.6 9.4 3.0 -3.0 -2.8 -1.7 -2.8 0.3 -3.1
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 0.7 0.8
Irritability 3.8 6.4 8.2 2.7 -2.8 -2.5 -2.9 -2.7 1.4 -2.5
Risk taking 2.3 3.4 8.4 2.0 -1.9 -2.0 -1.5 -1.2 -0.2 -2.9
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 3.4 3.9 6.7 2.1 -2.1 -2.6 -1.6 -1.7 -0.1 -2.5
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.6 -1.1
Age started oral contraceptive pill 1.1 1.4 2.4 -1.4 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.6 -0.4 1.5
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.9 2.9 8.2 -2.1 1.8 1.2 2.9 1.4 -0.2 0.9
Ever depressed for a whole week 2.5 3.1 5.5 2.1 -1.9 -2.3 -1.9 -0.9 0.9 -1.7
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 1.8 2.3 4.1 1.4 -1.6 -1.2 -2.0 -1.6 -0.3 -1.8
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.4 -0.6
Myopia 3.1 4.6 7.7 -2.5 2.4 1.7 2.5 2.8 -0.5 1.7
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 1.1 3.0 12.2 -1.5 1.3 1.0 0.0 1.4 1.4 3.5
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 3.0 3.6 7.3 2.0 -2.1 -2.7 -2.0 -1.7 1.5 -1.0
Pain experienced in last month 8.4 14.0 21.2 -3.9 4.1 3.0 4.1 4.6 -1.4 4.1
Supplements: Calcium 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.4 -1.0
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.5 -0.4 0.4
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 2.1 2.7 3.7 1.9 -1.9 -1.5 -1.9 -1.9 0.8 -1.2
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.6 -1.0 -0.0 0.5
Heart disease (siblings) 0.8 1.0 3.1 1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -1.8 -0.0 -0.6
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.5 0.2
Pack years of smoking 2.7 4.0 5.8 2.3 -2.1 -1.6 -2.4 -2.0 1.7 -1.5
Impedance of whole body 1.0 5.0 13.5 1.7 -1.8 -1.9 -3.7 -2.9 1.7 0.9
Leg fat mass (left) 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.8 -0.0 -0.3 -0.7
Arm predicted mass (left) 1.2 6.2 17.4 -2.2 2.3 1.9 4.2 3.1 -1.5 -0.3