Hub : Genes

CERS2

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0390 0.0200 7.6e-04 0.026 0.018 0.013 0.020 0.009 3.8e-04 2.6e-03 9.4e-03 1.7e-03 2.2e-02
2 GTEx Adipose Visceral Omentum 0.0610 0.0390 8.5e-03 0.016 NA 0.087 NA 0.045 4.7e-02 NA 2.8e-05 NA 2.3e-03
3 GTEx Esophagus Mucosa 0.0340 0.0180 6.1e-03 0.042 NA 0.000 NA 0.006 8.4e-04 NA 3.4e-01 NA 1.2e-01
4 GTEx Heart Left Ventricle 0.0775 0.0346 1.1e-03 0.017 NA 0.025 NA 0.004 4.0e-02 NA 1.7e-02 NA 1.8e-01
5 GTEx Liver 0.0880 0.0510 9.6e-03 0.082 NA 0.013 NA 0.059 2.8e-03 NA 1.4e-01 NA 9.9e-03
6 GTEx Lung 0.0327 0.0167 2.3e-03 0.039 NA 0.019 NA 0.026 5.4e-04 NA 1.2e-02 NA 4.2e-03
7 GTEx Muscle Skeletal 0.0282 0.0169 5.6e-03 0.043 NA 0.029 NA 0.032 4.7e-05 NA 7.1e-04 NA 4.1e-04
8 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.0361 0.0192 3.7e-03 0.070 NA 0.052 NA 0.045 1.1e-05 NA 1.4e-04 NA 3.7e-04
9 GTEx Thyroid 0.0560 0.0240 3.5e-05 0.052 NA 0.019 NA 0.044 8.2e-05 NA 1.2e-02 NA 2.4e-04
10 METSIM Adipose 0.0531 0.0228 2.1e-06 0.033 0.045 0.027 0.046 0.033 1.0e-05 2.7e-07 5.0e-05 1.6e-07 7.8e-06

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.4 2.2 3.0 1.4 -1.5 -1.3 -1.7 -1.5 -1.7 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 1.4
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.8 2.1 4.1 2.0 -0.6 -1.5 -1.1 -1.3 -1.4 -1.5 -1.6 -1.6 1.3
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 1.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 1.0
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.4 0.6 2.5 0.9 -0.2 -0.3 -0.7 -1.1 -0.8 -0.0 -0.2 -0.6 1.6
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.4 1.2 4.1 -2.0 -0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.4 -0.5
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 1.6 0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.0 -0.4 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 1.3
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.3 0.6 2.2 1.5 0.4 -0.9 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 0.7
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.9 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.4
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 0.3 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 0.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 2.8 3.3 4.8 -1.9 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.2 -1.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.3 0.4 1.8 0.6 -1.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 -0.4 0.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.7 1.0 1.9 -0.6 0.1 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.4 -1.2
Crohns Disease (2017) 3.6 8.0 12.5 -2.5 1.1 2.8 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.2 -2.5
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 7.2 17.1 25.8 -3.4 2.0 4.0 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.0 4.1 4.7 -3.8
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 5.5 10.4 14.6 -2.9 1.8 3.1 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.0 3.1 3.5 -3.1
Major Depression (MDD) 0.9 1.1 2.2 0.6 -1.1 -0.8 -1.5 -1.0 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -1.1 1.0
Reaction Time 0.2 0.4 1.6 0.4 -1.2 -0.6 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.1 0.2 1.2 -1.1 -1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.0 0.3 -0.0
Breast Cancer 1.3 3.2 6.4 2.2 -1.0 -2.5 -0.6 -1.2 -1.6 -2.4 -2.5 -1.6 -1.1
Ovarian Cancer 0.3 0.4 1.0 -1.0 0.1 0.8 -0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4
Prostate Cancer 3.6 5.0 20.8 -2.6 0.3 0.6 -4.6 -1.7 -1.8 0.5 0.1 -1.5 3.7
Age at First Birth 0.3 0.4 2.5 -0.3 -1.6 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.2 -0.2
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.2 -0.5 -1.3 -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 0.9
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 2.8 3.9 5.4 -1.4 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 -1.8
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 7.9 9.5 13.0 -2.7 2.5 3.3 2.4 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.6 -2.5
Crohns Disease (2012) 2.5 4.1 6.8 -1.8 1.1 1.9 2.6 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.2 -1.8
Mean Putamen Volume 3.5 4.0 5.1 -1.9 1.9 2.3 1.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 -1.2
Fasting Glucose 0.7 0.8 2.6 1.6 -1.3 -0.8 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7 -1.0 -0.7 -0.9 0.0
HbA1C 1.1 1.2 3.1 0.9 -1.0 -0.7 -1.5 -1.3 -1.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 1.8
HDL Cholesterol 0.4 0.7 1.8 -1.4 1.2 0.8 -0.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 -0.2
LDL Cholesterol 0.6 0.9 2.2 1.1 -0.7 -1.0 -1.5 -0.6 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0 -0.8 0.9
Lupus 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.1 -1.2 -0.3 -0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.5
Neuroticism (2016) 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.7 -1.1 0.1 1.1 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 2.0 2.9 5.3 2.3 -1.2 -1.7 -1.4 -1.8 -1.9 -1.6 -1.7 -1.9 1.1
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.9 0.8 0.8 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.0 1.0
Schizophrenia (2014) 1.4 3.0 6.5 2.6 -0.4 -2.1 -1.0 -1.5 -1.6 -1.9 -2.1 -1.8 1.2
Triglycerides 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 -0.6
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.2 1.4 2.9 1.1 -1.7 -1.3 -0.6 -1.2 -1.0 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 0.7
Ulcerative Colitis 3.9 5.7 12.3 -1.2 1.8 1.8 3.5 2.8 2.8 1.9 1.9 2.4 -2.9
Blood Eosinophil Count 11.3 87.2 153.8 12.4 -9.2 -9.7 -6.6 -10.0 -9.8 -9.7 -9.2 -8.9 6.5
Blood Platelet Count 5.0 57.5 85.0 5.3 -2.4 -8.8 -8.0 -7.9 -8.3 -7.7 -9.2 -9.0 6.3
Blood Red Count 0.2 1.9 3.2 -1.8 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 -1.1
Blood White Count 0.8 6.2 16.2 4.0 -3.0 -2.1 -1.5 -2.6 -2.5 -2.3 -1.8 -2.2 1.8
Heel T-Score 2.0 15.5 25.5 5.0 -2.4 -4.8 -1.6 -3.9 -4.0 -4.5 -4.7 -4.0 2.7
BMI 0.8 4.5 6.1 0.5 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.4 -2.3
Height 0.2 4.6 23.7 2.5 0.8 -0.5 0.5 -2.2 -2.0 -0.0 -0.4 -2.4 4.9
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.3 1.2 6.6 -2.6 0.0 0.6 -1.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 1.4
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.9 4.5 15.7 -4.0 1.1 2.2 -0.8 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.4
Smoking Status 2.0 4.7 8.4 2.9 -1.3 -2.3 -1.3 -2.3 -2.1 -2.3 -2.1 -1.9 2.6
Allergy or Eczema 1.3 3.5 10.7 -0.9 -2.3 0.7 3.3 1.4 1.8 0.3 0.8 1.6 -3.1
Cardiovascular Disease 0.3 1.0 5.3 -0.7 0.5 0.6 -1.5 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 2.3
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.9 2.1 3.5 -0.4 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.8 -0.3
Respiratory disease 0.5 1.0 7.7 1.1 -2.8 -0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 -0.0 0.3 -0.3
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.1 0.2 1.2 -0.1 -1.1 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.1
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 1.2 6.2 10.9 -2.7 1.1 2.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 -3.3
Lung FVC 8.6 43.9 94.7 9.7 -0.6 -7.3 -5.2 -7.2 -7.3 -5.8 -7.2 -7.5 3.9
Neuroticism 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.3 -0.5 -0.3 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.7
Chronotype (morning person) 7.6 17.7 33.8 -2.7 2.4 3.7 5.8 4.8 4.8 3.8 3.6 4.4 -4.9
Hair Pigment 0.4 10.8 14.3 2.8 -2.9 -3.1 -3.7 -3.8 -3.7 -3.4 -3.1 -3.3 2.8
Tanning 4.9 59.6 76.7 8.2 -7.1 -8.3 -5.5 -8.8 -8.7 -8.4 -8.1 -8.5 4.3
Hand grip strength (left) 3.1 8.2 12.4 3.1 0.6 -3.2 -2.4 -3.1 -3.3 -3.2 -3.2 -3.5 1.6
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.6 1.2 -1.1 -1.0 0.8 -0.4 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 -0.2
Average weekly spirits intake 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.2 -0.2 -0.8 -0.4 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5 -0.1
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.2 0.4 1.1 -0.2 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.2 0.5 0.7 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.3 1.2
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 2.0 3.1 4.8 1.1 -1.7 -1.4 -2.2 -2.2 -2.2 -1.9 -1.5 -1.8 1.3
Relative age of first facial hair 0.2 0.4 1.1 -0.7 -1.1 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.4 0.4 -1.0
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.5 -1.7 -0.3 0.6 -0.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.0 -0.2
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.3 1.6 4.2 -2.1 0.1 1.6 -0.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.5 0.6
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.9 2.7 7.9 -2.8 0.5 1.8 -0.2 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 0.6
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 1.7 1.8 3.5 -0.4 0.3 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.7 -1.8
Angina 3.3 4.3 7.8 -2.4 0.0 2.8 1.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.3 -0.3
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3
Vitamin and mineral supplements 3.2 4.3 5.5 1.6 -1.4 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 0.9
Supplements: Zinc 0.3 0.3 1.9 1.4 0.5 -0.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1
Medication: Co-codamol 0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.5 -1.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2 -1.0
Medication: Metformin 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.8 -0.4 0.7 0.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 -0.0
Diabetes (father) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.5 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.0
Diabetes (mother) 2.6 3.3 6.3 1.2 0.2 -1.9 -2.5 -2.0 -1.9 -1.8 -2.0 -1.6 2.1
Severe depression (siblings) 0.3 0.4 2.3 0.5 -0.7 -0.1 1.5 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.5
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.8 -1.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.9
Impedance of leg (right) 3.2 15.3 32.7 -5.7 1.4 4.2 3.4 3.9 4.2 3.4 4.1 4.1 -3.3
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.4 2.3 11.8 3.4 1.0 -0.8 -0.3 -1.2 -1.3 -0.5 -0.7 -1.4 1.9
Trunk fat percentage 2.8 11.3 17.2 -1.3 1.8 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.1 3.9 3.7 -3.2
Hand grip strength (right) 1.4 3.7 6.0 2.0 0.7 -1.9 -1.9 -2.1 -2.3 -2.0 -2.0 -2.4 1.3
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.3 0.5 2.7 -0.4 -1.6 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4
Current tobacco smoking 0.6 0.9 1.8 1.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -1.3 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 1.4
Average weekly fortified wine intake 3.6 4.3 6.8 2.6 -1.6 -2.2 -0.0 -2.6 -2.2 -2.4 -2.1 -2.3 1.1
Maternal smoking around birth 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.1 -1.1 -0.5 0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 0.1
Fed-up feelings 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -1.1 -0.6 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 1.0
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.2
Relative age voice broke 0.3 0.4 2.0 -1.4 -0.1 0.6 -0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.6 -0.4
Taking other prescription medications 0.3 0.4 2.5 -0.2 -1.6 0.6 -0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.0 0.6 0.5 0.2
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.9 2.1 3.0 1.7 -1.3 -1.4 -1.1 -1.6 -1.7 -1.5 -1.4 -1.6 1.0
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.4
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.3 0.7 1.8 -1.4 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.9 -0.8
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.3 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.2 -0.5 0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 7.0 9.3 13.0 -2.5 2.6 3.2 3.6 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.9 -2.9
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 1.8 2.2 3.8 -1.5 0.5 1.6 0.8 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 -1.2
High blood pressure 0.6 1.7 11.4 -0.8 0.8 0.4 -1.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 3.4
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.7 1.5 5.4 -0.2 -1.7 -0.2 2.3 0.5 0.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.5 -2.3
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.5 1.9 3.1 -1.6 0.8 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 -0.1
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.9 1.1 3.9 2.0 0.7 -0.9 0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.7 -0.8 -0.2 -1.9
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.9 1.2 2.3 -0.8 0.2 1.2 0.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 -1.5
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.1 1.3 2.6 -0.5 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.4 -1.6
Medication: Atenolol 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.9 0.8 0.4 -0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.8 3.0 4.5 -1.4 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.1 -0.9
Sitting height 0.3 2.1 5.8 2.4 -0.2 -1.2 0.9 -1.3 -1.3 -0.9 -1.1 -1.7 2.0
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.8 2.1 10.6 0.3 -3.2 -0.9 -0.5 -1.6 -1.4 -1.3 -0.9 -1.5 0.8
High blood pressure (mother) 0.4 0.5 2.7 -0.3 0.2 -0.7 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.2 1.6
Body mass index (BMI) 0.1 0.5 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 -0.5
Impedance of leg (left) 2.4 11.5 25.8 -5.1 0.6 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.7 2.7 3.4 3.5 -3.1
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.4 2.3 11.9 3.5 1.1 -0.8 -0.2 -1.2 -1.3 -0.5 -0.6 -1.4 1.9
Trunk fat mass 1.5 6.3 9.8 -0.2 1.8 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.7 -1.8
Waist circumference 0.2 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.7 -0.1
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5
Past tobacco smoking 0.4 0.8 2.2 -1.5 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.4 -0.7
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.6 1.0 3.1 0.0 -1.8 -1.2 -0.3 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1 -0.8 -0.6
Nervous feelings 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.3 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.7
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 1.6 2.4 4.8 2.0 -2.1 -0.8 -1.3 -1.6 -1.4 -0.9 -0.8 -1.6 2.2
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.3 0.5 1.9 0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -1.4 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3 0.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 1.5 2.0 3.0 0.1 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 -0.7
Had menopause 0.6 0.7 1.8 -0.9 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.3
Had other major operations 3.0 3.6 4.9 2.0 -1.3 -1.7 -1.8 -2.1 -2.2 -1.7 -1.7 -2.2 2.2
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 5.8 22.3 38.6 6.2 0.0 -5.0 -3.6 -5.4 -5.5 -3.9 -4.9 -5.8 3.9
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.6
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 1.6 2.0 3.1 0.7 -1.7 -1.3 -1.3 -1.6 -1.6 -1.3 -1.4 -1.8 1.1
Qualifications: None of the above 0.4 0.8 3.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.7 -1.8 -1.0 -1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -0.7 1.2
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.9 1.3 2.3 1.1 -0.2 -0.9 -1.1 -1.4 -1.3 -0.9 -0.9 -1.4 1.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.5 0.8 1.9 -1.4 -0.1 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 -1.1
Heart attack 2.1 2.7 4.5 -2.1 0.3 2.1 0.9 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.6 0.3
Allergy 0.6 1.3 4.8 -0.1 1.9 0.1 -2.2 -0.6 -0.9 0.5 -0.0 -0.7 1.6
Pain all over the body in last month 0.6 0.6 1.5 -1.2 -0.4 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.7 -0.2
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.3 0.5 2.1 -0.1 -0.8 0.2 1.4 0.7 0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.1
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.5 -0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 -1.0
Medication: Ramipril 2.1 2.7 5.7 -1.6 0.3 1.5 1.2 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.4 -0.3
Medication: Simvastatin 0.2 0.4 3.0 0.6 -1.7 -0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.2
Fluid intelligence score 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.1 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 0.8
Illnesses of siblings 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.2 -0.8 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 -0.7
Neuroticism score 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.7
Weight 0.2 0.8 3.4 1.8 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.5
Impedance of arm (right) 3.6 16.6 34.1 -4.1 1.4 4.1 5.8 4.1 4.5 3.2 4.1 4.1 -3.9
Arm fat percentage (right) 1.6 6.3 9.4 -0.5 1.4 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.4 3.1 2.8 -2.3
Trunk fat-free mass 0.8 4.9 13.5 3.2 0.7 -1.4 -1.8 -2.2 -2.4 -0.8 -1.3 -2.4 3.7
Hip circumference 0.6 2.5 5.5 1.6 0.8 1.5 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 -1.8
Time employed in main current job 1.5 1.7 3.0 1.7 -0.5 -1.4 -1.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 0.8
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.4 0.6 1.6 -0.9 -0.1 1.3 -0.5 0.3 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.7
Father’s age at death 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.2 -0.4 0.0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.8 -0.1 -0.0 -0.6 1.4
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.4 0.8 2.4 0.1 0.9 0.5 1.6 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.7 -0.9
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.8
Falls in the last year 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.8 -0.0 0.3 0.6 0.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.2 0.3 1.6 -0.5 0.3 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.6 0.0 -1.3
Number of live births 0.8 1.1 3.0 -0.5 0.7 0.4 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 -1.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 3.6 12.2 23.1 4.8 0.8 -3.8 -2.4 -3.9 -3.9 -3.1 -3.8 -4.3 2.2
Pulse rate 2.3 3.9 7.3 2.6 -2.2 -2.6 0.1 -1.3 -1.5 -2.7 -2.5 -1.5 -0.1
Happiness 2.6 3.2 5.7 1.8 -0.9 -1.6 -1.8 -2.0 -2.0 -1.3 -1.6 -2.0 2.4
Noisy workplace 1.7 2.1 5.2 -1.3 2.3 1.3 0.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.7 -0.7
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 1.0 2.2 3.7 0.6 -1.2 -1.3 -1.1 -1.9 -1.9 -1.5 -1.4 -1.9 1.6
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.7 0.5 0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 1.5 2.5 6.2 -2.5 1.1 2.1 -0.4 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.9 1.4 0.4
Asthma 0.6 1.2 7.1 1.7 -2.7 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -1.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 2.1 2.7 4.5 -1.0 1.3 1.3 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.8 -2.1
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.8 1.2 1.9 -0.8 -0.7 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 -0.1
Depression (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 5.7 -0.2 -2.4 -0.2 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.9 1.1
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.4 1.6 4.2 -2.0 0.3 1.5 -0.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 -0.5
Prospective memory result 2.5 3.1 6.8 -1.6 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.7 -2.6
Lung cancer (father) 1.7 2.0 5.3 -2.3 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.6 -1.4
Illnesses of mother 0.6 0.7 2.9 1.2 -0.6 -0.2 1.5 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -1.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 3.4 10.9 29.0 5.4 0.5 -3.8 -1.4 -3.5 -3.5 -3.1 -3.6 -3.9 1.2
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.4 -1.2 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -1.2 -1.2 -0.9 0.2
Impedance of arm (left) 3.2 15.0 29.2 -3.9 1.0 3.7 5.4 4.0 4.3 2.9 3.8 4.0 -4.2
Arm fat mass (right) 0.6 2.4 3.9 0.7 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.5 -1.0
Trunk predicted mass 0.9 5.0 14.0 3.2 0.7 -1.5 -1.9 -2.2 -2.4 -0.8 -1.4 -2.4 3.7
Standing height 0.1 1.1 4.8 1.5 0.9 0.2 1.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.5 0.3 -0.8 2.2
Length of working week for main job 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.7 -0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.3 -0.4
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.7 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 -0.8 -0.5 -0.5 -0.9 1.2
Breastfed as a baby 0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.3
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 1.0 1.7 4.4 1.2 -1.8 -1.0 -0.8 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -1.2 2.1
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.0 1.5 2.9 -1.6 -0.0 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 1.0 2.3 5.7 0.3 -0.3 -1.1 -1.6 -2.0 -1.9 -1.0 -1.2 -1.8 2.4
Birth weight of first child 2.8 5.0 9.3 3.0 -1.3 -2.3 -1.6 -2.4 -2.4 -2.3 -2.2 -2.4 1.9
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 2.1 4.9 7.5 2.7 -0.5 -2.5 -1.8 -2.3 -2.4 -2.6 -2.5 -2.7 0.5
Pulse wave reflection index 0.5 0.7 1.4 0.4 1.0 -0.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.9 0.8
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.4
Loud music exposure frequency 1.9 2.1 3.6 -1.2 -0.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.8 -0.6
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.1 0.2 1.1 0.0 -0.7 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.9 1.2 2.4 1.2 1.6 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.5 1.1 -1.1
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.0 -1.0 -0.7 -0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 0.6
Medication: Paracetamol 0.1 0.2 1.1 0.4 1.1 0.1 -0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.2
Headache pain in last month 0.6 1.0 3.6 0.8 -0.0 -0.9 -1.9 -0.9 -1.1 -0.6 -1.0 -1.2 0.7
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.5 0.8 1.6 0.3 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.1
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.4 1.6 3.3 -1.1 0.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.8 -0.4
Gout (self-reported) 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.6 -0.2 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 0.9
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.8 1.5 2.7 -0.8 0.3 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 -0.6
Medication: Amlodipine 0.4 0.6 1.9 -0.9 -1.4 0.8 -0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.9
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 2.1 2.7 9.7 1.9 -3.1 -1.7 -0.4 -1.2 -1.2 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 0.5
Birth weight 1.6 3.5 4.7 1.5 -1.7 -1.8 -1.9 -2.0 -2.1 -1.6 -2.0 -2.2 1.9
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.3
High blood pressure (siblings) 1.5 2.2 7.3 1.1 0.1 -1.1 -2.7 -1.3 -1.5 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 1.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 6.3 23.1 54.2 7.4 -0.7 -5.3 -2.7 -5.3 -5.3 -4.4 -5.2 -5.6 2.7
Body fat percentage 2.5 9.9 14.0 -1.4 1.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.7 3.5 -2.9
Leg fat percentage (right) 1.5 5.5 8.5 -1.3 1.4 2.9 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.6 -2.3
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.6 3.0 8.1 2.7 1.1 -1.0 -1.7 -1.6 -1.8 -0.4 -0.9 -1.7 2.9
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.8 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 -0.2
Comparative body size at age 10 1.1 3.0 4.8 -1.2 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.8 1.9 -1.1
Number of full brothers 1.2 1.6 3.6 -0.8 -0.2 1.5 1.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 -1.1
Worry too long after embarrassment 2.8 4.6 8.5 2.7 -2.9 -1.9 -1.4 -2.4 -2.1 -1.8 -1.8 -2.1 1.9
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.5 -1.4 0.1 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.1 1.4
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 1.9 3.5 4.5 1.9 -1.7 -1.8 -1.9 -1.9 -1.8 -2.0 -1.7 -1.7 2.1
Number of children fathered 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.6 0.0 -1.2 0.6 -0.1 -0.0 -1.1 -1.0 -0.3 -1.3
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.7 0.8 2.0 0.1 -0.4 -1.4 -1.1 -0.4 -0.6 -1.4 -1.4 -0.6 0.6
Age at first live birth 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.6 -0.5 -0.4 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.5 0.6 1.1 -0.7 -0.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.1
Health satisfaction 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 -0.2
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.4 0.4 1.8 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5 1.4
Qualifications: College or University degree 1.0 3.0 4.6 1.0 -0.9 -1.9 -1.5 -2.0 -2.1 -1.8 -2.0 -2.1 1.6
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.5 -0.9 -0.9 0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 1.6 1.9 3.3 1.6 -0.6 -1.8 -0.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.7 -1.8 -1.3 0.4
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 1.0 1.1 1.7 0.8 -0.7 -1.3 -0.9 -1.0 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 -0.9 1.2
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.9 1.6 2.3 1.1 -0.8 -1.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.5 -1.1 -1.4 -1.5 1.0
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.4 2.0 3.5 1.7 -0.6 -1.5 -1.9 -1.2 -1.3 -1.5 -1.4 -1.2 1.3
Medication: Blood pressure 1.2 2.2 4.0 -1.2 0.1 1.8 0.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 -0.2
Angina (self-reported) 4.0 5.2 8.9 -2.6 0.2 3.0 1.8 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.5 -0.4
Migraine (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 3.6 -1.6 1.9 0.7 -0.3 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.6 0.3 -0.3
Medication: Ibuprofen 2.3 2.7 4.6 -0.9 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 -2.1
Medication: Allopurinol 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.2 -0.4 -0.0 -0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6
Medication: Omeprazole 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.9 -0.4 0.8 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.5 -0.4
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 -0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.2
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.2 0.3 1.7 0.4 -1.1 -0.3 1.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2
Heart disease (mother) 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -1.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 1.2
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.6 0.8 2.4 -1.2 -0.3 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 -0.0 0.3 0.8 -1.5
Whole body fat mass 1.1 4.6 7.8 -0.1 1.6 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.3 -1.5
Leg fat mass (right) 0.9 3.5 6.2 -0.2 1.8 2.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.5 1.9 -1.2
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.7 3.4 9.3 3.0 0.9 -1.2 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -0.6 -1.1 -1.9 2.8
Pulse rate, automated reading 1.8 5.8 10.2 3.2 -3.0 -3.2 1.1 -1.4 -1.5 -3.1 -3.0 -1.8 -1.3
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.6 1.4 2.9 -0.5 0.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.1 -0.7
Comparative height size at age 10 0.8 4.6 7.8 -1.3 2.7 2.4 2.8 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.5 1.8 0.5
Number of full sisters 0.5 0.6 3.6 0.0 -0.1 0.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.4 -1.9
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.3 -0.9 -0.1 0.2 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.6 0.4
Overall health rating 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.5 -0.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.8
Chest pain or discomfort 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1
Had major operations 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2
Age at last live birth 0.3 0.5 2.1 1.1 -0.3 -0.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.1 -0.6
Family relationship satisfaction 2.2 2.7 5.9 1.4 0.1 -1.4 -1.6 -1.9 -1.9 -0.9 -1.6 -2.1 2.4
Leg pain on walking 1.7 2.2 4.8 -2.2 1.0 1.8 -0.3 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.7 0.3
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 5.7 6.6 9.1 -3.0 2.8 2.8 1.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.4 -1.9
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 5.5 6.7 9.3 2.2 -2.9 -3.0 -1.9 -2.7 -2.9 -3.0 -3.1 -2.7 0.6
Medication: Aspirin 1.7 2.3 3.4 -1.2 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 -0.6
Supplements: Vitamin C 1.8 2.2 4.7 0.3 1.7 1.0 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.5 -1.4
Knee pain experienced in last month 1.2 1.8 3.0 -1.0 1.6 1.7 0.1 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 -0.5
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.6 1.6 10.8 -0.6 0.6 0.3 -2.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 3.3
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 1.2 1.4 2.8 -1.7 -0.2 1.6 0.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.1 -0.6
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 1.3 1.8 3.0 -1.3 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.2 -0.2
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.3 0.4 2.1 -0.8 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.6
Smoking status: Previous 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.4
Whole body fat-free mass 0.7 3.8 12.2 3.5 0.9 -1.3 -1.2 -1.8 -2.0 -0.7 -1.1 -2.0 2.9
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.7 3.9 16.3 4.0 0.5 -1.5 -0.7 -1.8 -1.9 -1.1 -1.3 -2.0 2.3
Arm fat percentage (left) 1.5 6.0 8.7 -0.5 1.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.3 3.0 2.8 -2.4
Average weekly red wine intake 0.7 1.1 2.7 0.4 -0.9 -1.5 -0.5 -0.9 -1.0 -1.6 -1.4 -0.7 0.3
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.6 0.8 1.8 -0.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.3 -0.8
Mood swings 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.6 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 1.1
Loneliness, isolation 0.8 1.1 4.2 -0.4 0.9 -0.2 -2.1 -1.1 -1.1 -0.0 -0.4 -1.0 1.4
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.5 0.8 1.4 -0.6 -0.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.2 -0.3
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.9
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.5 0.8 3.3 -0.1 -0.7 0.2 1.8 1.0 1.0 -0.2 0.4 1.2 -0.9
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.0 -0.9 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 -0.2
Friendships satisfaction 0.5 0.6 3.1 0.4 -0.6 0.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.8 0.2 -0.1 -0.9 1.8
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 -0.0 0.9 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.5 -0.7
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 2.7 2.9 3.7 -1.8 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 -1.2
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 8.8 14.1 22.8 4.8 -2.0 -4.2 -2.6 -4.2 -4.1 -3.8 -4.0 -4.2 2.8
Medication for cholesterol 0.7 1.1 4.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.7 -2.2
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 2.2 2.6 4.0 1.8 -1.7 -1.9 -0.7 -1.7 -1.6 -2.0 -1.8 -1.5 0.5
Back pain experienced in last month 0.3 0.4 1.8 0.7 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.7
Mineral and other dietary supplements 1.6 2.2 3.7 0.1 -0.4 -1.7 -1.6 -1.7 -1.6 -1.8 -1.8 -1.9 0.9
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 1.2 -0.6 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.9 -1.1
Asthma (self-reported) 0.7 1.3 9.2 1.5 -3.0 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -1.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 2.6 1.6 -0.2 -0.8 0.5 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 -0.9 -0.5
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.2 -1.5 -0.7 0.6 -0.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 -0.1
Medication: Aspirin 2.2 2.9 4.2 -1.6 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.0 -0.6
Medication: Gliclazide 0.8 0.9 3.8 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 1.9 0.9 1.1 -0.0 0.3 1.0 -1.2
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.5 0.6 2.9 -0.1 1.4 -0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.7 -1.7
Smoking status: Current 1.2 1.9 3.4 1.4 -0.9 -1.2 -1.0 -1.8 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 -1.3 1.8
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 2.6 5.6 16.2 4.0 0.7 -2.7 -0.9 -2.4 -2.4 -2.1 -2.6 -2.7 0.8
Whole body water mass 0.7 3.9 12.8 3.6 1.0 -1.3 -1.2 -1.9 -2.0 -0.8 -1.2 -2.0 2.9
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.7 3.9 16.7 4.1 0.4 -1.5 -0.7 -1.9 -2.0 -1.1 -1.3 -2.1 2.3
Arm fat mass (left) 0.6 2.4 3.8 0.6 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.6 -1.0
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.6 1.1 2.2 -1.3 -1.5 1.1 -0.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.3 -0.2
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 2.3 3.2 5.6 0.8 -0.5 -1.8 -2.4 -1.8 -2.1 -1.6 -1.9 -2.0 2.1
Miserableness 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.5 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 -0.4
Guilty feelings 2.5 3.7 7.8 2.5 -1.3 -1.7 -0.8 -2.2 -1.9 -1.5 -1.7 -2.2 2.8
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.5 0.5 1.3 -1.1 -0.2 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.3
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.9 1.0 2.0 -0.8 1.4 1.1 -0.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 -0.5
Hearing aid user 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.6 0.3 0.3 -0.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1
Mother’s age at death 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.6
Financial situation satisfaction 1.1 1.3 2.3 1.4 0.1 -1.3 -0.5 -1.2 -1.3 -1.4 -1.3 -1.5 0.6
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.4 0.5 1.7 1.3 -0.2 -0.9 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.2 -1.0
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 3.1 3.7 9.4 1.9 -3.1 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -2.1 -1.3 -1.7 -1.6 1.8
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.4 0.4 0.8 -0.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.1
Medication: Blood pressure 1.0 1.9 10.0 -1.9 0.5 0.5 -1.9 -0.5 -0.4 0.5 0.3 -0.3 3.2
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 2.4 3.1 4.5 -1.7 1.6 2.1 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.0 -1.6
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.8 2.3 3.3 0.1 0.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 -1.4
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.7 1.2 2.2 -1.5 -0.7 1.5 0.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.3
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.2 0.4 0.9 -1.0 0.5 0.3 -0.3 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.7 -0.3
Medication: Paracetamol 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.7 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.1
Medication: Lisinopril 2.8 3.7 5.0 1.6 -1.3 -1.9 -2.1 -2.1 -2.2 -1.9 -1.9 -2.0 2.0
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.2 0.3 1.3 -1.2 -1.0 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.8 1.0 2.4 1.6 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5 -0.7 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 1.6
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.4 0.5 2.7 -0.0 1.6 -0.2 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.4 -0.7
Ever smoked 0.3 0.4 2.3 1.5 -0.3 -0.8 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.2 0.5
Basal metabolic rate 0.4 2.4 9.9 3.1 1.1 -0.7 -0.7 -1.3 -1.4 -0.3 -0.6 -1.5 2.3
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.9 3.3 5.0 -0.6 0.7 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.1 -1.9
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.6 3.2 9.5 3.1 0.7 -1.1 -1.4 -1.7 -1.9 -0.6 -1.0 -1.8 2.8
Number of operations (self-reported) 2.4 3.5 6.0 2.5 -1.6 -2.3 -1.3 -1.7 -2.0 -2.1 -2.1 -1.9 0.8
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.5 0.7 2.4 -0.2 1.5 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 -0.6
Irritability 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.5
Risk taking 1.2 1.7 2.7 1.2 -1.1 -1.4 -0.4 -1.6 -1.5 -1.3 -1.4 -1.6 1.1
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 1.1 1.4 4.7 -0.4 1.2 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.9 1.0 -2.2
Age started oral contraceptive pill 2.6 3.3 6.2 0.2 -2.1 -1.7 -2.5 -1.8 -1.9 -2.0 -1.6 -1.8 1.7
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.8 2.5 3.9 1.9 -1.3 -2.0 -1.0 -1.4 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -1.6 0.7
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 -0.9 -0.5 0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.8 -0.2
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.3 0.4 2.4 0.2 -1.5 -0.0 1.0 -0.0 0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.2 -1.0 0.2 -1.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.4
Myopia 1.2 1.7 4.5 0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -1.7 -1.5 -1.7 -0.5 -0.9 -1.5 2.1
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.6 1.6 8.7 1.2 -0.6 -0.8 1.2 -0.5 -0.5 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -3.0
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.5 0.7 1.8 -1.4 -0.4 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 -0.0
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.7 0.8 1.2 -1.1 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.1 -1.1
Pain experienced in last month 1.2 2.0 10.5 -1.4 -0.1 0.7 3.2 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 -1.7
Supplements: Calcium 1.5 1.6 2.7 -0.8 -0.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 -1.2
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 3.3 3.9 6.1 -2.5 2.4 2.1 1.0 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 -0.8
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.9 2.4 4.0 -2.0 0.2 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.5 0.2
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.7 -0.4 0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.1
Heart disease (siblings) 0.4 0.5 1.9 -1.4 1.1 0.6 -0.1 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.2 1.3 2.7 0.9 -0.8 -1.4 -0.9 -1.0 -1.1 -1.4 -1.6 -1.4 -0.5
Pack years of smoking 0.6 0.9 1.8 1.2 -1.4 -0.6 -0.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.9 1.2
Impedance of whole body 3.1 15.7 23.2 -4.8 0.9 3.9 4.8 4.1 4.4 3.0 3.8 4.2 -4.2
Leg fat mass (left) 0.6 2.3 4.3 0.2 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.5 -0.9
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.5 2.5 7.5 2.7 1.2 -0.7 -1.3 -1.3 -1.5 -0.2 -0.6 -1.5 2.7