Hub : Genes

GAR1

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0790 0.0250 8.7e-06 0.072 0.039 0.047 0.043 0.057 4.4e-09 1.3e-05 1.9e-06 5.3e-06 1.9e-07
2 GTEx Brain Frontal Cortex BA9 0.2166 0.0885 3.2e-03 0.083 NA -0.008 NA 0.042 3.2e-03 NA 5.9e-01 NA 2.9e-02
3 GTEx Esophagus Mucosa 0.1670 0.0460 8.1e-07 0.159 NA 0.120 NA 0.153 8.6e-11 NA 2.0e-08 NA 1.9e-10
4 NTR Blood 0.0156 0.0074 7.5e-03 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.002 1.3e-02 2.9e-02 4.9e-02 1.8e-02 7.2e-02
5 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.1838 0.0352 0.0e+00 0.238 0.190 0.239 0.235 0.234 3.2e-30 8.4e-24 2.2e-30 8.8e-30 1.2e-29
6 YFS Blood 0.0182 0.0075 6.4e-04 0.014 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.010 1.6e-05 3.9e-05 9.1e-05 5.4e-05 1.9e-04
7 TCGA Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma 0.0670 0.0760 9.3e-03 -0.001 -0.001 0.011 NA -0.003 3.6e-01 4.5e-01 4.0e-02 NA 6.6e-01
8 TCGA Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0390 0.0230 5.3e-03 0.022 0.035 0.007 NA 0.010 2.9e-02 8.0e-03 1.3e-01 NA 1.0e-01
9 TCGA Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0432 0.0227 9.8e-05 0.059 0.038 0.047 NA 0.055 3.3e-07 3.4e-05 5.4e-06 NA 8.0e-07
10 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.0390 0.0260 5.8e-03 0.002 0.006 0.015 NA 0.007 1.8e-01 5.5e-02 7.4e-03 NA 4.4e-02
11 TCGA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0340 0.0214 6.2e-04 0.009 0.026 0.020 NA 0.014 2.6e-02 5.3e-04 2.0e-03 NA 8.1e-03
12 TCGA Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma 0.1020 0.0570 2.2e-03 0.094 0.058 0.074 NA 0.074 1.4e-04 2.5e-03 7.2e-04 NA 6.8e-04

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.2 0.3 1.3 -0.0 -0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.4 0.1 -1.1 0.3 0.0 -1.1 0.4 -0.5
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.8 2.0 10.2 1.3 1.7 -1.1 2.1 0.8 3.2 -1.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.7 1.1
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.6 -0.4 0.1 -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2 0.1
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 1.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.5 1.0 -0.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.1
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.9 2.8 4.9 -2.2 -1.6 1.7 -1.8 -1.6 -0.2 2.1 1.8 1.7 0.6 2.1 -1.5
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.0 0.1 0.9 -0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.9 -0.2 0.3
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.6 3.3 16.2 1.6 2.2 -1.5 2.5 1.4 4.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.0 0.1 -1.2 1.8
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.1 0.6 -0.5 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.5 -0.6 0.0 0.8 -0.7 0.8
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.4 0.9 2.4 0.4 1.6 -0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 -1.0 -0.3 -1.1 -0.9 -0.6 1.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.3 0.3 1.2 -0.4 0.3 -0.0 -0.7 0.4 0.4 -0.2 1.1 -0.2 -0.8 1.0 0.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.4 0.5 3.5 0.9 0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.4 1.9 0.3 -0.6 -0.4 0.3 -0.5 0.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.2 0.4 1.1 -0.1 -0.5 0.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.2 -1.0 0.8 -0.4
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.4 0.8 1.7 0.8 1.0 -1.0 0.6 1.1 0.1 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -0.1 -1.3 0.8
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.4 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.2 -1.2 0.9 1.3 0.0 -1.1 -0.9 -1.1 -0.3 -1.2 1.1
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 -1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 -0.9 -0.4 -0.9 -0.4 -0.8 1.0
Major Depression (MDD) 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.7 -0.7 0.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -1.2 -0.6 0.6 -1.0 0.6
Reaction Time 1.9 3.6 10.4 2.2 2.0 -1.7 2.3 1.3 3.2 -1.8 -1.7 -1.5 0.6 -1.6 1.5
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.9 2.2 3.6 -1.7 -1.5 1.6 -1.5 -1.6 0.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 -0.3 1.9 -1.5
Breast Cancer 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 0.4 -0.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.6 0.5 -0.3 0.7
Ovarian Cancer 1.7 2.2 6.5 1.4 1.8 -1.6 0.8 1.5 2.5 -0.3 -0.8 -1.7 1.5 -1.0 1.7
Prostate Cancer 0.8 1.2 3.1 -0.9 -0.9 1.2 -0.3 -1.3 -1.7 0.5 0.7 1.4 -0.7 0.9 -1.5
Age at First Birth 0.3 0.4 2.0 -1.1 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.9 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.3
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.6 -0.2 0.7 0.0 0.9 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.4 0.1
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.5 0.7 1.3 -0.2 -1.0 1.1 0.6 -1.1 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.9 -0.7 0.4 -1.1
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.9 1.1 4.0 1.2 0.9 -0.6 1.2 0.4 2.0 -1.5 -0.8 0.0 1.1 -0.5 0.5
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.8 0.4 -0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.2
Mean Putamen Volume 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.8 -0.6 -0.3 1.0 0.9 0.1 -0.7 -0.8 1.1 -0.4 0.8
Fasting Glucose 0.2 0.2 1.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.2 -0.6
HbA1C 1.4 1.5 4.8 1.1 1.5 -1.2 0.7 1.2 2.2 -0.8 -0.1 -1.1 1.4 -0.4 1.5
HDL Cholesterol 0.4 0.7 2.4 -0.9 -0.9 0.7 -1.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 0.9 0.8 -0.5 0.8 -0.8
LDL Cholesterol 0.3 0.5 2.5 0.3 0.4 -0.1 1.6 0.3 1.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.1 0.1 0.4
Lupus 0.5 0.7 1.7 -0.1 1.1 -0.3 1.1 0.3 1.3 -1.0 0.8 -0.4 1.1 0.9 0.6
Neuroticism (2016) 0.8 1.2 2.4 1.1 1.2 -1.0 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.2 -0.9 -1.4 -0.1 -1.3 1.5
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.7 1.0 3.3 -1.0 -0.9 1.0 -0.3 -0.9 -1.2 0.6 1.0 1.0 -1.8 0.7 -0.9
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.1 1.5 4.1 -0.7 -1.4 1.4 -1.4 -1.3 -0.4 2.0 0.6 1.5 -0.3 0.8 -1.5
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.9 1.9 9.3 1.4 1.8 -1.1 1.7 0.9 3.0 -0.4 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 -1.1 1.1
Triglycerides 0.1 0.2 1.6 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 1.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.0 0.2
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.3 0.3 2.7 0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 -1.6 0.1 -0.4
Ulcerative Colitis 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.6 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 -0.3 0.4
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.1 0.8 3.6 0.2 1.4 -1.1 -0.0 1.0 1.9 0.1 0.5 -0.9 -0.0 0.1 1.1
Blood Platelet Count 2.9 34.0 76.9 5.0 6.6 -6.0 5.0 6.2 8.8 -3.2 -4.9 -6.0 5.4 -5.6 5.8
Blood Red Count 0.3 3.2 5.9 -1.4 -1.8 2.2 -0.2 -2.4 -1.0 1.3 1.7 2.4 -1.8 1.6 -2.3
Blood White Count 1.1 8.3 21.3 3.3 3.1 -3.0 3.5 2.7 4.6 -2.4 -1.6 -2.7 1.4 -1.8 2.9
Heel T-Score 1.3 10.5 13.5 -2.9 -3.7 3.5 -3.2 -3.7 -3.2 2.5 3.1 3.3 -2.5 3.6 -3.4
BMI 1.0 5.7 9.0 -2.3 -2.6 2.6 -0.7 -2.7 -1.7 1.0 3.0 2.7 -2.5 3.0 -2.6
Height 1.8 35.3 46.0 -5.6 -6.5 6.6 -5.8 -6.5 -4.6 3.9 5.5 6.8 -6.2 5.8 -6.8
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.1 0.5 2.3 0.8 1.5 -0.6 -0.1 1.0 0.8 -0.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.0 0.8
Systolic Blood Pressure 1.1 5.3 10.6 -2.4 -2.7 2.1 -1.1 -2.6 -3.2 2.4 0.9 2.5 -2.7 0.8 -2.6
Smoking Status 0.2 0.4 2.0 0.7 0.7 -0.8 -0.2 0.5 1.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.6 -0.3 0.6
Allergy or Eczema 0.3 0.9 1.6 0.5 0.9 -1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.9 -0.6 -1.2 1.1 -0.8 1.3
Cardiovascular Disease 0.5 1.6 5.2 -1.5 -0.6 1.2 -0.7 -1.4 -0.9 0.8 1.4 1.2 -2.3 1.2 -1.2
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.1 0.3 1.0 -0.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -1.0 0.3 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -1.0 0.2
Respiratory disease 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 2.1 4.0 5.5 -2.2 -1.6 2.2 -1.7 -2.1 -2.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 -1.3 2.0 -2.3
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.1 0.5 1.8 -0.6 -0.5 0.8 -0.3 -0.5 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.4 -0.9 0.7 -0.2
Lung FVC 0.3 1.5 2.6 1.1 1.2 -1.6 0.7 1.2 1.3 -1.6 -0.4 -1.5 1.3 -0.3 1.5
Neuroticism 0.1 0.3 1.7 -0.7 -0.4 0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.7 0.3 -1.3 0.5 -0.2
Chronotype (morning person) 0.8 1.9 4.8 2.2 1.5 -1.2 1.1 1.3 0.6 -1.8 -1.2 -1.4 1.2 -0.9 1.4
Hair Pigment 0.1 2.3 6.3 2.1 0.2 -1.4 1.4 1.2 0.9 -1.2 -2.5 -1.0 1.6 -2.1 0.8
Tanning 0.0 0.4 2.0 -1.4 -0.2 0.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.4 -0.6 0.2 -0.2
Hand grip strength (left) 2.0 5.2 6.5 -2.5 -2.3 2.3 -2.2 -2.4 -1.5 2.5 1.9 2.5 -2.4 2.0 -2.5
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.5 2.0 0.2 1.1 -0.6 1.4 0.8 0.8 -0.4 0.1 -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 0.7
Average weekly spirits intake 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.5 0.6 -0.4 0.4 0.2 1.3 -0.7 0.8 -0.2 0.6 0.8 0.3
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.7 0.8 0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.1
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.3 -0.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 -0.5 1.0
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.3 -0.3 0.5 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 0.8 0.4 -0.3 1.0 -0.3
Relative age of first facial hair 0.4 0.8 2.1 1.4 0.0 -0.6 1.3 0.4 0.8 -0.8 -1.5 -0.4 0.7 -1.1 0.2
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 3.4 4.4 5.9 -2.4 -2.4 2.4 -2.0 -2.1 -1.4 1.2 2.2 2.3 -2.3 2.0 -2.2
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.5 1.1 -0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 -1.1 0.5 -0.8 0.0 0.4 0.8
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 3.2 3.6 6.2 -2.1 -1.6 1.9 -1.7 -1.8 -1.4 1.4 2.5 1.8 -2.1 2.5 -1.7
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.4 4.1 6.8 -1.8 -2.6 2.3 0.0 -2.5 -2.0 1.4 1.4 2.5 -2.1 1.4 -2.6
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 2.1 2.3 4.6 -0.8 -1.8 2.0 -0.3 -2.0 -1.9 0.0 0.6 2.0 -1.4 1.0 -2.1
Angina 1.0 1.3 4.2 -1.1 -2.0 1.3 -0.6 -1.2 -0.9 0.5 0.1 1.3 -1.0 0.3 -1.5
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.5 -0.0 -0.0 -1.0 0.2 -1.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.0
Vitamin and mineral supplements 1.2 1.6 3.7 0.7 0.9 -1.1 1.8 1.1 0.7 -1.6 -0.9 -1.4 1.9 -0.8 1.5
Supplements: Zinc 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.5 0.7 0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.5
Medication: Co-codamol 0.9 1.1 3.8 -1.0 -0.8 1.1 -0.8 -1.0 -1.9 0.7 0.7 1.1 -0.7 0.8 -1.2
Medication: Metformin 2.4 3.4 7.1 -2.7 -1.4 1.6 -2.5 -1.8 -2.5 1.1 1.6 1.8 -1.0 1.4 -1.8
Diabetes (father) 6.6 8.2 10.3 -2.9 -2.9 3.2 -2.7 -3.1 -2.3 2.0 2.9 3.2 -2.8 2.8 -3.1
Diabetes (mother) 0.2 0.3 1.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.4 -1.3 0.4 -0.4
Severe depression (siblings) 0.2 0.2 1.8 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.0 0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 1.4 -0.2 0.3
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.2 0.4 1.9 0.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -1.4 -0.8 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.7 -0.2
Impedance of leg (right) 2.1 10.4 19.1 2.9 4.4 -3.6 2.4 3.7 2.8 -2.0 -2.8 -3.8 2.4 -3.2 3.8
Leg fat-free mass (left) 3.8 20.1 29.5 -4.2 -5.4 5.1 -3.0 -5.2 -3.6 2.7 4.3 5.4 -3.5 4.7 -5.4
Trunk fat percentage 0.8 3.1 4.7 -1.7 -1.9 2.1 -0.5 -2.1 -1.4 1.3 1.7 2.2 -1.3 1.8 -2.2
Hand grip strength (right) 2.4 6.6 10.2 -2.7 -2.9 2.9 -1.7 -2.8 -1.8 2.6 2.0 2.8 -3.2 2.2 -2.9
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.7 1.0 3.8 1.8 0.1 -0.5 0.4 0.5 1.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.6 1.8 0.2 0.6
Current tobacco smoking 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.2 0.3 -0.5 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.5 -0.3 1.1 0.4 0.5
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.5 0.5 1.9 -0.0 1.0 -0.7 0.7 0.7 -0.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 1.4 -0.7 0.6
Maternal smoking around birth 0.8 1.2 2.4 -1.2 -1.6 1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -1.4 1.0 -0.0 1.0 -0.0 0.2 -1.2
Fed-up feelings 2.0 3.7 5.9 -1.6 -2.3 2.0 -1.6 -2.1 -2.4 1.7 1.6 2.0 -1.9 1.5 -2.0
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.9 0.4 -0.8 0.3 0.8 0.3 -0.0 -1.3 -0.9 0.8 -1.2 0.9
Relative age voice broke 0.8 1.2 3.6 1.5 0.7 -0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 -0.7 -1.2 -0.9 1.9 -0.9 0.8
Taking other prescription medications 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.1 -0.1
Age when periods started (menarche) 2.5 6.1 15.4 2.7 3.0 -2.3 1.8 2.4 3.9 -1.3 -1.3 -2.6 2.8 -1.4 2.7
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.8 2.1 4.1 -2.0 -0.9 1.3 -1.6 -1.3 -0.9 1.6 1.7 1.4 -1.0 1.6 -1.4
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 1.1 2.5 3.6 -1.2 -1.9 1.8 -1.6 -1.6 -1.4 0.7 1.6 1.7 -1.6 1.8 -1.7
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 1.3 1.4 3.0 1.3 0.9 -1.0 1.3 1.2 1.6 -0.6 -1.0 -1.1 1.7 -0.8 1.1
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.6 -0.7 1.0 0.6 -1.2 -1.0 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 -0.4 0.7
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.3 -0.5 0.2 0.7 -0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -0.7 0.1 -0.8 0.5
High blood pressure 1.0 2.7 5.4 -1.2 -1.7 1.9 -0.4 -2.3 -1.1 0.5 1.4 2.1 -1.7 1.6 -2.2
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.4 0.9 1.8 0.2 1.2 -1.1 0.9 1.1 0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -1.2 1.1 -0.7 1.3
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.7 0.9 2.6 -0.5 -0.8 0.9 -1.3 -1.0 -0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 -1.6 0.3 -1.1
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.6 0.9 -0.3 -1.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.1 -0.8 0.6
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.3 0.3 1.7 -0.0 -0.5 0.5 -0.9 -0.2 1.3 0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.4
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.7 -0.9 0.8 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.3 -0.8
Medication: Atenolol 1.5 1.9 3.7 -1.4 -1.5 1.4 -0.9 -1.6 0.0 0.8 1.7 1.6 -1.2 1.9 -1.6
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 0.7
Sitting height 0.8 5.7 10.3 -2.0 -2.6 2.4 -2.4 -2.4 -3.2 0.8 2.0 2.4 -2.6 2.3 -2.6
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.4 1.6 5.8 -1.2 -1.7 1.1 -2.4 -0.9 -1.1 1.5 0.7 1.1 -0.7 0.8 -1.2
High blood pressure (mother) 0.7 1.0 2.9 1.3 0.6 -0.7 1.7 0.7 0.5 -1.5 -0.8 -0.7 1.4 -0.7 0.8
Body mass index (BMI) 1.7 7.1 11.2 -2.4 -3.3 3.1 -0.8 -3.2 -2.0 1.6 2.5 3.3 -2.3 2.7 -3.3
Impedance of leg (left) 1.7 8.4 15.6 2.4 3.9 -3.3 2.0 3.5 2.2 -1.7 -2.5 -3.6 2.0 -3.0 3.5
Leg predicted mass (left) 3.8 20.0 29.4 -4.2 -5.4 5.1 -3.0 -5.2 -3.6 2.6 4.3 5.4 -3.4 4.7 -5.4
Trunk fat mass 1.6 6.7 10.4 -2.4 -3.0 3.1 -1.1 -3.1 -1.9 1.9 2.5 3.2 -2.0 2.6 -3.2
Waist circumference 2.1 7.7 12.0 -2.5 -3.0 3.2 -1.9 -3.3 -1.7 1.8 2.9 3.5 -2.3 3.1 -3.4
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.9 3.1 6.2 1.5 1.8 -1.5 2.0 2.1 1.2 -2.5 -1.1 -2.0 1.4 -1.3 2.1
Past tobacco smoking 0.2 0.4 1.7 -0.3 -0.6 0.1 1.3 -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.6 0.2 0.8 -0.4 -0.3
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.1 0.9 0.1 -0.3 -0.0 0.4 -0.0 -0.1
Nervous feelings 0.5 0.8 2.9 0.9 0.9 -0.6 0.8 0.7 1.7 -1.0 0.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.0 1.2
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.6 -0.7 0.6 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.0
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.2 0.4 3.0 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.2 0.3 1.7 0.0 0.6 -0.3 0.1 0.6 0.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.4 0.5 1.6 -0.5 0.4 -0.7 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.7 -0.8 -0.6 0.2 -1.2 0.5
Had menopause 0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.2 -0.7 1.0 -0.1
Had other major operations 0.7 0.9 2.2 -1.4 -1.2 0.9 -0.6 -0.6 -1.5 1.0 0.1 0.8 -1.1 -0.1 -0.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.2 0.7 2.1 -1.1 -0.3 0.4 -1.1 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 1.4 0.6 -0.3 1.5 -0.5
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.2 2.7 4.6 -1.3 -2.1 1.9 -1.7 -1.6 -1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 -1.4 1.7 -1.6
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.6 0.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 -0.1
Qualifications: None of the above 0.3 0.6 2.0 0.6 1.4 -1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 -0.9 -0.5 -0.9 -0.1 -0.6 0.9
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.7 1.0 2.2 -1.0 -1.5 1.3 -0.6 -1.1 -0.1 0.5 1.0 1.0 -1.3 0.9 -1.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.7 1.0 1.8 0.3 1.0 -1.3 1.4 1.1 -0.6 -1.3 -0.6 -1.2 0.9 -0.9 1.2
Heart attack 0.5 0.6 1.3 -0.1 -1.2 0.7 0.8 -0.9 0.0 -0.7 -0.6 1.0 -0.9 -0.4 -1.2
Allergy 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.6 0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.4 -0.5 0.5 -0.7 -0.2 -0.7
Pain all over the body in last month 1.0 1.1 2.5 -0.7 -1.3 1.3 -0.1 -1.5 -0.8 0.6 0.5 1.6 -0.7 0.6 -1.6
Diabetes (self-reported) 5.0 7.7 12.0 -3.1 -3.0 3.1 -2.5 -3.0 -3.5 1.5 2.2 3.3 -1.3 2.4 -3.4
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 1.4 1.8 3.7 0.9 1.4 -1.4 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.1 -1.9 -1.3 1.6 -1.9 1.2
Medication: Ramipril 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.2 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.3 -1.2 0.0 0.9 -0.9 -0.2
Medication: Simvastatin 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.1 -0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.9 -0.4 0.5 -0.3 0.8 -0.4 0.1 -0.9
Fluid intelligence score 2.4 5.0 7.3 -2.4 -2.7 2.5 -2.7 -2.5 -1.7 2.0 1.6 2.5 -0.9 2.1 -2.6
Illnesses of siblings 0.6 0.9 4.5 0.0 0.5 0.3 -0.8 -0.4 1.5 -0.3 1.1 0.4 -2.1 1.0 -0.2
Neuroticism score 0.1 0.2 0.9 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.0 -0.0 0.8 0.1 -0.9 0.4 0.1
Weight 2.8 13.7 20.5 -3.4 -4.4 4.3 -2.2 -4.3 -3.0 2.3 3.5 4.5 -3.1 3.8 -4.5
Impedance of arm (right) 0.4 1.8 3.5 0.8 1.9 -1.5 -0.9 1.7 0.1 0.2 -1.2 -1.7 1.7 -1.2 1.6
Arm fat percentage (right) 1.1 4.3 6.4 -1.8 -2.5 2.5 -1.0 -2.4 -1.6 1.7 1.9 2.5 -1.6 2.1 -2.5
Trunk fat-free mass 3.4 19.6 28.2 -4.1 -5.3 5.0 -3.4 -5.1 -3.2 2.8 4.2 5.3 -3.8 4.6 -5.3
Hip circumference 3.1 13.4 20.0 -3.4 -4.2 4.1 -2.7 -4.3 -2.6 2.4 3.6 4.5 -2.9 4.0 -4.4
Time employed in main current job 0.8 0.9 2.7 -0.7 -1.2 1.1 -0.1 -0.9 -1.6 0.6 0.1 1.0 -1.3 0.2 -1.1
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.6 0.8 1.6 -0.6 -1.0 1.1 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 0.6 -0.1 1.0 -1.1 0.1 -1.2
Father’s age at death 0.3 0.3 1.7 -0.3 -1.3 0.7 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.5
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.5 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.0 0.6
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.7 1.7 0.6 0.1 -0.6 0.5 1.1 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 0.2 -1.0 1.0
Falls in the last year 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.2 -0.5 1.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -0.4 0.4 -0.9 0.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 1.3 1.9 2.9 1.7 1.6 -1.7 0.7 1.7 1.1 -0.7 -1.2 -1.6 1.3 -1.1 1.6
Number of live births 0.6 0.9 5.2 0.2 1.6 -0.7 0.8 0.6 2.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 0.6
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.2 0.5 1.3 -1.0 -0.2 0.4 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.0 1.1 0.5 -0.6 1.2 -0.4
Pulse rate 2.2 3.6 4.6 1.9 1.9 -2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 -2.0 -1.3 -2.0 1.6 -1.3 2.1
Happiness 0.1 0.1 0.8 -0.3 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.0 0.9 -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.3 0.4
Noisy workplace 0.4 0.5 1.9 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.5 -0.4 1.1 0.3 1.0 0.5 -1.4 0.7 -0.3
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.0 0.8 -0.1 -0.0
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.1 0.1 1.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 -1.0 -0.2 0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 1.3 2.2 3.8 -1.2 -1.6 2.0 -0.1 -1.6 0.8 1.5 1.9 1.5 -1.5 1.8 -1.5
Asthma 0.4 0.8 1.8 0.6 0.4 -0.9 0.8 1.0 0.1 -1.3 -0.9 -1.0 1.0 -0.9 0.9
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.6 2.0 3.9 1.6 2.0 -1.5 1.1 1.6 0.6 -1.0 -1.5 -1.4 0.0 -1.9 1.5
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.0 -0.6 0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.3 0.1 -1.0 0.5 -0.4 -1.0 -0.6
Depression (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 1.6 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1 1.2 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.6 0.3
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.5 0.6 1.4 -1.0 -0.6 0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 1.2 0.9 0.7 -0.0 0.9 -0.6
Prospective memory result 0.6 0.7 2.4 1.0 1.5 -0.8 0.3 0.8 0.9 -0.3 -0.6 -0.8 0.9 -0.5 0.9
Lung cancer (father) 0.5 0.6 1.0 -0.7 -0.7 0.9 0.1 -0.8 0.2 0.9 0.7 1.0 -1.0 0.6 -1.0
Illnesses of mother 0.5 0.7 2.5 -1.0 -0.4 0.1 -1.6 -0.3 -1.6 0.8 -0.7 0.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.6
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.2 0.6 2.0 -1.1 -0.2 0.4 -1.1 -0.7 -1.4 0.2 0.8 0.5 -0.4 0.8 -0.5
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.8 1.0 1.8 -1.1 -0.8 0.7 -1.2 -0.7 0.4 1.1 1.4 0.9 -1.2 1.2 -0.8
Impedance of arm (left) 0.6 2.9 6.7 1.3 2.6 -2.0 0.2 2.2 0.8 -0.5 -1.3 -2.3 1.5 -1.5 2.3
Arm fat mass (right) 2.3 9.3 14.1 -2.8 -3.6 3.6 -1.4 -3.6 -2.3 2.1 3.0 3.7 -2.6 3.2 -3.7
Trunk predicted mass 3.4 19.7 28.4 -4.1 -5.3 5.0 -3.4 -5.1 -3.2 2.8 4.3 5.3 -3.7 4.7 -5.3
Standing height 1.0 9.6 12.2 -3.1 -3.1 3.4 -3.4 -3.3 -2.8 2.0 3.0 3.5 -2.4 3.3 -3.5
Length of working week for main job 1.5 1.6 3.6 -1.1 -1.9 1.5 -0.8 -1.2 -1.0 0.2 1.3 1.3 -1.9 1.1 -1.2
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.3 1.5 2.4 -1.5 -1.1 1.2 -1.4 -1.1 0.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 -1.0 1.2 -1.1
Breastfed as a baby 0.5 0.7 1.8 0.5 0.8 -0.9 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.2 -1.3 -0.7 1.0 -1.2 0.5
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 1.5 2.5 4.9 1.8 1.9 -1.5 1.7 1.7 2.2 -1.4 -1.0 -1.6 0.5 -1.1 1.7
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.3 0.6 1.2 -0.4 -1.0 1.0 -0.9 -1.0 -1.1 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.2 0.2 -1.0
Birth weight of first child 0.6 1.0 3.1 1.0 0.9 -0.9 1.8 0.9 1.4 -0.5 -0.8 -1.0 0.7 -1.0 1.0
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.3 0.8 1.9 -1.1 -0.5 0.8 -1.4 -0.9 -1.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 -0.3 0.9 -1.0
Pulse wave reflection index 0.7 0.9 2.2 -0.8 -0.8 0.8 -1.5 -0.8 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 -0.5 1.0 -1.0
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.4 0.5 1.1 -1.0 -0.4 0.8 -1.1 -0.6 -0.3 0.5 0.9 0.5 -0.5 0.9 -0.3
Loud music exposure frequency 0.3 0.4 2.5 0.3 -0.6 -0.0 0.4 0.0 -1.6 -1.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.0
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.9 -0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 2.3 2.9 6.0 1.7 2.5 -2.0 0.3 1.7 1.3 -1.3 -1.9 -1.7 1.9 -1.7 1.7
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 1.4 1.8 3.2 -1.7 -0.8 1.3 -1.7 -1.1 -0.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 -0.5 1.4 -1.4
Medication: Paracetamol 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.9 0.7 -0.5 1.3 0.7 0.5 -1.1 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 -0.7 0.8
Headache pain in last month 2.9 5.0 8.7 2.5 2.8 -2.5 1.7 2.7 1.5 -2.0 -1.6 -2.8 0.4 -2.1 3.0
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.5 0.9 2.7 0.7 1.2 -1.0 -0.5 1.3 -0.0 -0.6 0.2 -1.5 0.6 -0.1 1.6
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.1 -1.1 1.0 0.9 0.1 -0.5 -1.2 -1.0 1.3 -1.0 0.9
Gout (self-reported) 1.0 1.4 3.5 -1.4 -0.8 1.1 -1.0 -1.6 -1.9 0.7 0.8 1.3 -0.4 1.0 -1.4
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.2 0.4 1.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.4 -0.6 0.9 -0.9 -0.4 -0.7 -1.1 0.2
Medication: Amlodipine 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.6 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.4 0.1
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.8 1.1 2.3 1.1 1.3 -1.0 1.5 1.4 0.9 -0.9 -0.4 -1.0 0.5 -0.6 1.1
Birth weight 0.6 1.4 2.0 1.4 1.2 -1.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 -0.1 -1.2 -1.2 1.0 -1.4 1.2
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.3
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.5 0.7 2.4 0.4 -0.7 -0.2 1.5 0.2 -0.7 -0.3 -1.4 -0.3 1.2 -1.2 0.1
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.3 1.0 2.3 -1.3 -0.7 0.7 -1.4 -1.0 -1.5 0.0 1.2 0.8 -0.2 1.3 -0.8
Body fat percentage 0.7 2.9 4.7 -1.6 -1.9 2.1 -0.4 -2.1 -1.1 1.3 1.7 2.2 -1.4 1.8 -2.1
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.5 1.8 3.2 -1.1 -1.6 1.7 0.4 -1.7 -0.3 0.8 1.2 1.8 -1.4 1.2 -1.8
Arm fat-free mass (right) 2.9 14.6 22.7 -3.5 -4.5 4.4 -2.0 -4.6 -2.5 1.8 3.9 4.8 -3.5 4.1 -4.7
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.5 -0.5 0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -1.1 0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.7 -0.2 -0.5
Comparative body size at age 10 0.8 2.2 3.5 -1.9 -1.8 1.5 -0.4 -1.5 -1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 -1.0 1.4 -1.5
Number of full brothers 1.0 1.2 5.0 0.4 1.4 -1.2 -0.1 1.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.7 -1.3 2.2 -0.7 1.3
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.3 0.5 2.2 0.3 -0.7 0.8 0.4 -0.8 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 0.6 -1.5 0.4 -0.5
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.1 0.2 1.3 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 -0.3 1.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.1
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.4 0.6 1.7 -0.6 -1.3 1.1 0.1 -0.9 -0.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 -0.4 0.7 -0.9
Number of children fathered 0.6 0.7 3.5 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 0.1 -1.1 0.4 -1.9 -0.2 -0.2 -1.8 -0.1
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.1 -0.8 -1.0 -0.0 -0.4 -0.7 -0.4 0.4
Age at first live birth 0.1 0.2 1.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.7 -1.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.9 -0.0
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 -0.2 0.9 0.3 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.4 0.8 -0.6 0.3
Health satisfaction 0.8 1.1 3.0 1.0 0.7 -0.8 -0.0 0.7 1.7 -0.6 -1.3 -0.9 1.5 -1.2 0.8
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.5 0.5 1.0 -0.6 -0.8 0.9 0.1 -1.0 0.4 0.1 0.9 0.9 -0.4 0.9 -0.9
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.1 0.3 0.8 -0.0 -0.8 0.8 -0.1 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.9 -0.8
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 1.3 1.5 4.0 -1.6 -1.2 1.1 -1.6 -0.8 -1.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 -2.0 0.6 -0.9
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 1.4 1.7 4.8 1.4 1.0 -1.3 0.7 1.3 2.2 -0.6 -1.2 -1.5 0.2 -1.6 1.6
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 1.4 1.5 3.1 -1.4 -1.3 1.4 -0.6 -1.4 -0.5 1.1 1.6 1.4 0.2 1.8 -1.2
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.5 0.6 0.0 0.5
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.0 1.4 2.2 -1.1 -1.4 1.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.3 1.5 1.0 1.3 -1.0 1.0 -1.3
Medication: Blood pressure 0.7 1.3 3.2 -0.8 -1.5 1.4 0.3 -1.7 -0.0 0.7 0.5 1.7 -0.5 0.9 -1.8
Angina (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 4.2 -1.1 -2.1 1.2 -0.5 -1.0 -0.8 0.5 0.1 1.2 -1.0 0.3 -1.4
Migraine (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 1.9 0.6 1.4 -1.0 -0.0 0.9 0.0 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8 1.0 -0.9 0.9
Medication: Ibuprofen 2.4 2.8 4.8 1.7 2.2 -1.9 1.9 1.8 0.9 -1.5 -1.5 -1.7 0.1 -2.0 1.8
Medication: Allopurinol 2.7 3.6 6.3 -2.2 -1.9 2.2 -1.4 -2.4 -2.5 1.5 0.9 2.1 -0.6 1.3 -2.3
Medication: Omeprazole 0.2 0.3 2.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 1.4 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 1.2 1.4 2.7 -0.6 -1.3 1.2 -1.6 -1.2 -0.5 0.3 1.6 1.3 -0.7 1.6 -1.2
Mean time to correctly identify matches 3.7 7.1 24.8 3.1 2.7 -2.3 2.8 2.0 5.0 -2.1 -2.4 -2.3 1.2 -2.2 2.3
Heart disease (mother) 0.8 1.0 2.5 -1.3 -1.4 0.9 1.1 -1.0 -1.6 0.4 0.8 0.7 -0.7 0.6 -0.6
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 -0.5 0.6 0.7 -0.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.1 -0.6 0.4
Whole body fat mass 1.7 7.2 11.2 -2.5 -3.1 3.2 -1.1 -3.2 -1.7 1.8 2.7 3.3 -2.3 2.8 -3.3
Leg fat mass (right) 1.6 6.1 10.2 -2.1 -2.9 3.0 -0.4 -3.1 -1.4 1.4 2.4 3.2 -2.3 2.5 -3.2
Arm predicted mass (right) 3.3 16.7 25.2 -3.9 -4.7 4.7 -2.4 -4.8 -2.7 2.0 4.2 5.0 -3.8 4.4 -4.9
Pulse rate, automated reading 1.9 6.0 10.6 3.1 2.7 -2.4 3.3 2.3 2.7 -2.2 -1.9 -2.2 2.1 -1.9 2.2
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.1 0.3 0.7 -0.1 -0.7 0.8 -0.1 -0.7 0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.7 -0.8 0.5 -0.7
Comparative height size at age 10 1.0 5.7 7.5 -2.4 -2.7 2.7 -2.5 -2.5 -2.0 1.6 2.1 2.7 -2.4 2.3 -2.6
Number of full sisters 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.8 -0.2 0.4 -0.7 0.2 0.3 -0.9 -0.1 -0.3
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.3 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 0.7
Overall health rating 0.7 1.5 3.4 -0.6 -1.4 1.5 -0.5 -1.4 -1.8 -0.0 0.6 1.6 -1.1 0.7 -1.7
Chest pain or discomfort 0.3 0.5 1.3 -0.3 -1.1 0.9 -1.1 -0.7 -0.8 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.1 -0.8
Had major operations 0.7 0.8 3.0 -0.8 -0.8 0.7 -1.1 -0.7 -1.2 1.7 -0.4 0.7 -0.0 0.0 -1.0
Age at last live birth 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.5 0.0 -0.0 -0.7 -0.0 -0.1 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.4 -0.1
Family relationship satisfaction 0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.0 -0.8 0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -0.0 -0.3 0.9 0.5 -0.4 1.2 -0.5
Leg pain on walking 1.4 1.8 4.2 1.3 1.0 -1.1 1.9 1.2 -0.3 -1.3 -1.5 -1.0 2.0 -1.5 1.0
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.5 0.6 1.5 -0.4 -0.9 0.6 -1.0 -0.7 -0.5 0.9 0.5 0.9 -1.2 0.5 -0.8
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.5 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.4
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.4 0.5 1.8 1.4 0.7 -0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.6 -1.1 0.1 1.1 -0.5 -0.1
Medication: Aspirin 1.8 2.4 5.4 -1.6 -1.6 1.8 -0.3 -2.0 -1.5 1.0 0.9 2.2 -1.1 1.1 -2.3
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.6 0.7 1.3 -0.7 -1.0 0.9 -0.5 -0.6 -1.1 1.1 0.4 0.9 -0.6 0.5 -1.0
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.7 -0.0 0.2 -0.6 0.4 0.4 -0.8 0.2 -0.3
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.6 1.6 3.7 -0.7 -1.3 1.4 -0.0 -1.9 -0.9 0.1 1.1 1.7 -1.3 1.4 -1.7
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.5 0.5 3.8 0.3 0.3 -0.0 0.3 0.1 1.9 0.8 0.3 -0.2 1.2 0.4 0.4
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.5 0.6 2.2 0.1 -0.9 0.5 -1.3 -0.7 -1.5 0.8 -0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.8
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.9 1.1 2.1 -1.1 -1.4 1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.4 0.8 0.8 0.9 -0.2 0.9 -0.9
Smoking status: Previous 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.8 0.8 -0.4 -1.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3 0.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.4 0.8 3.3 -0.9 -0.5 0.3 -1.6 -0.3 -1.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 -0.5
Whole body fat-free mass 3.8 21.5 31.4 -4.3 -5.5 5.3 -3.3 -5.4 -3.6 2.8 4.4 5.6 -3.8 4.8 -5.6
Leg fat-free mass (right) 3.9 20.9 30.2 -4.4 -5.5 5.1 -3.2 -5.3 -3.9 2.6 4.5 5.5 -3.5 4.8 -5.4
Arm fat percentage (left) 1.0 3.8 5.8 -1.8 -2.2 2.4 -0.5 -2.3 -1.4 1.4 2.0 2.4 -1.6 2.1 -2.4
Average weekly red wine intake 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.9 0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.7 -0.4 0.7 -0.9 0.3
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 1.2 1.4 7.2 -1.0 -0.8 0.4 -2.7 -0.3 -2.3 0.9 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.4 -0.3
Mood swings 0.4 0.7 1.4 0.6 0.6 -0.8 0.5 0.9 0.4 -0.3 -0.9 -1.1 0.5 -1.2 1.2
Loneliness, isolation 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.4 -0.8 -0.2 0.8 1.2 0.0 -0.4 -1.0 0.4 -0.6 1.1
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.9 1.4 3.3 -1.7 -1.3 1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.8 1.2 0.7 1.2 -0.7 0.6 -1.2
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 -1.2 -0.5 -0.4 0.7 0.1 0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.5
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 5.0 8.2 15.2 -3.4 -2.8 3.2 -3.0 -3.0 -3.9 2.0 2.1 3.2 -1.3 2.4 -3.3
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.5 0.6 3.9 -0.7 -0.7 0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 -2.0 0.2 -0.4
Friendships satisfaction 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.5 1.1 -1.0 1.0 0.2 -0.8 1.0 -0.1
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.4 -1.0 0.6 0.1 -0.6 -0.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 -0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.0 -0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.9 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 0.4
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.4 0.4 2.2 0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.2 1.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 1.5 0.1 0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.4 0.6 2.9 -0.2 -1.0 0.7 -1.7 -0.7 -0.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 -0.5
Medication for cholesterol 1.7 2.5 5.0 1.6 1.8 -1.7 2.2 1.6 1.8 -0.3 -0.7 -1.5 2.1 -0.9 1.6
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.6 0.7 2.8 0.5 1.0 -0.4 1.7 0.7 1.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.6 0.4 -0.6 0.7
Back pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.7 0.7 -0.7 0.2 1.0 -0.7 -1.2 -0.5 -1.0 0.0 -0.7 1.1
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.4 0.6 1.5 -1.2 -0.8 0.6 -0.0 -0.6 -1.1 0.2 1.2 0.5 -0.0 1.1 -0.4
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.8 0.9 2.5 1.0 0.6 -1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.9 1.6 -0.7 0.9
Asthma (self-reported) 0.6 1.2 2.0 0.9 0.7 -1.2 1.0 1.3 0.2 -1.4 -1.1 -1.2 1.3 -1.1 1.2
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 2.4 3.0 4.7 1.7 2.2 -2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 -2.1 -0.6 -1.8 0.9 -1.0 2.0
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.0
Medication: Aspirin 1.8 2.3 5.3 -1.7 -1.5 1.7 -0.6 -2.0 -1.5 1.0 0.8 2.1 -0.7 1.1 -2.3
Medication: Gliclazide 1.0 1.1 1.8 -1.4 -0.7 1.0 -1.3 -0.9 -1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 -0.2 1.0 -1.1
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 3.1 3.8 7.8 1.4 2.7 -2.0 2.8 1.9 1.6 -1.8 -1.5 -2.0 1.1 -1.8 2.2
Smoking status: Current 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.2 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.9 -0.0 0.7 -0.2 0.9 0.5 0.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.1 0.3 1.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.4 -0.0 -0.2 0.7 -0.3 1.1 0.1 -0.4 1.1 0.0
Whole body water mass 3.6 20.5 29.8 -4.2 -5.4 5.1 -3.3 -5.3 -3.6 2.7 4.3 5.5 -3.7 4.7 -5.4
Leg predicted mass (right) 3.9 20.8 29.9 -4.4 -5.5 5.1 -3.2 -5.3 -3.9 2.6 4.5 5.4 -3.6 4.8 -5.4
Arm fat mass (left) 1.8 7.5 11.3 -2.5 -3.2 3.2 -1.0 -3.2 -2.0 1.7 2.8 3.4 -2.4 3.0 -3.3
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.8 -0.8 0.7 -0.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.0 0.3 0.7 -1.1 0.3 -0.7
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.3 0.5 1.9 1.0 0.7 -0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 -1.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 0.5
Miserableness 0.6 1.1 2.7 0.8 0.7 -1.1 -0.1 1.0 -0.4 -0.2 -1.4 -1.2 1.6 -1.2 1.2
Guilty feelings 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.0
Wears glasses or contact lenses 2.0 2.3 5.3 1.1 2.3 -1.5 1.8 1.6 1.8 -1.2 -0.9 -1.5 1.1 -1.1 1.5
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.7 0.8 2.4 -0.7 -0.5 0.8 -1.6 -1.0 -0.0 1.0 0.5 0.8 -1.4 0.4 -0.8
Hearing aid user 0.6 0.7 2.7 0.2 0.5 -0.4 1.6 0.8 1.6 -0.9 0.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.7
Mother’s age at death 1.3 1.6 3.6 1.3 1.5 -1.2 1.6 1.2 1.9 -1.0 -0.1 -1.5 0.5 -0.2 1.6
Financial situation satisfaction 1.1 1.4 3.4 -0.8 -1.1 1.6 -0.7 -1.4 0.8 0.6 1.9 1.1 -0.5 1.8 -0.9
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.9 0.3
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.6 0.7 2.4 -0.9 -0.6 0.7 -1.4 -0.7 -1.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 -0.8 0.7 -0.4
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 3.5 4.1 6.7 2.6 2.4 -2.2 2.4 1.9 1.0 -1.6 -1.9 -1.9 2.5 -1.6 1.8
Medication: Blood pressure 1.6 3.0 5.0 -1.4 -1.9 2.0 -1.2 -2.2 -2.1 0.2 1.1 2.1 -2.0 1.2 -2.2
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.9 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.3 -0.7 0.5
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.9 1.2 2.7 1.6 1.1 -1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 -0.7 -1.5 -1.0 0.9 -1.2 0.9
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.2 0.4 2.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 1.5 0.6 -0.5 -0.0 -1.1 -0.5 -0.1
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 1.0 1.6 3.0 -0.8 -1.3 1.4 -0.1 -1.6 0.0 1.6 1.1 1.7 -0.6 1.5 -1.7
Medication: Paracetamol 0.8 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.2 -1.0 1.4 1.1 0.6 -1.4 -0.7 -1.2 1.0 -0.8 1.2
Medication: Lisinopril 0.4 0.6 4.0 0.1 0.4 -0.5 2.0 0.3 0.8 0.5 -0.7 -0.4 0.1 -0.8 0.3
Medication: Atorvastatin 2.4 3.0 4.8 -1.9 -1.8 1.8 -2.1 -1.8 -1.1 2.0 0.9 2.1 -1.6 0.9 -2.2
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.1 -0.0 -0.3 1.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.6 1.0 -0.3 0.5
Alcohol drinker status: Never 2.3 2.8 4.6 -1.8 -1.8 1.6 -2.1 -1.8 -1.9 1.8 0.7 1.8 -1.0 1.0 -2.0
Ever smoked 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 0.5 0.9 -0.2 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.6
Basal metabolic rate 3.7 20.5 30.0 -4.3 -5.4 5.2 -3.1 -5.3 -3.6 2.7 4.3 5.5 -3.7 4.7 -5.5
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.6 2.2 3.6 -1.3 -1.9 1.8 0.3 -1.8 -0.6 1.0 1.4 1.9 -1.5 1.4 -1.9
Arm fat-free mass (left) 3.1 15.5 23.1 -3.6 -4.7 4.5 -2.7 -4.6 -3.0 2.0 3.8 4.8 -3.4 4.1 -4.8
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.3 0.5 1.4 -1.1 -0.4 0.5 -0.8 -0.3 -0.9 1.2 0.5 0.3 -1.1 0.2 -0.2
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.4 0.5 4.8 0.0 -0.6 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.0 0.3 0.8 0.2 -2.2 0.4 -0.0
Irritability 0.6 1.1 2.7 -1.6 -1.0 1.1 -1.0 -1.2 -0.6 1.2 0.8 1.0 -0.9 0.6 -0.9
Risk taking 1.1 1.7 2.7 -1.6 -1.7 1.4 -1.3 -1.2 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.2 -0.2 1.6 -1.2
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 2.4 2.8 5.2 1.4 1.5 -1.7 0.8 1.6 1.5 0.2 -2.3 -1.8 2.3 -2.1 1.6
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.1 -0.5 -1.1 0.0 -1.2 0.3 -0.3 -1.2 -0.4
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.5 0.6 3.0 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 1.5 0.2 1.7 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.9 -0.2 0.1
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.8 2.3 4.7 -1.3 -1.4 1.8 -0.1 -2.1 -0.8 1.2 1.1 2.1 -1.5 1.2 -2.2
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.5 0.6 4.6 -0.0 1.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 2.1 0.1 0.4 -0.3 1.1 0.3 0.5
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.3 0.4 1.9 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 1.4 0.4 0.2 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3 -1.0 0.3
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.9 -0.2 -0.0 -0.5 -0.6 0.0 0.6
Myopia 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.6 0.1
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.8 2.2 4.9 0.9 1.7 -1.9 0.1 2.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.9 -2.1 1.5 -1.3 2.2
Cholesterol lowering medication 2.3 3.4 5.2 -2.1 -1.9 1.9 -2.0 -1.8 -1.2 1.4 1.9 1.8 -2.3 2.0 -1.7
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.6 0.7 3.8 0.7 1.1 -0.4 0.4 0.7 2.0 -0.0 0.1 -0.7 0.8 0.0 0.9
Pain experienced in last month 1.4 2.3 4.7 -1.5 -1.9 1.8 -0.7 -2.0 -0.2 2.2 1.0 1.8 0.3 1.4 -1.9
Supplements: Calcium 4.6 5.0 7.2 2.2 2.7 -2.6 1.9 2.4 1.8 -1.4 -2.4 -2.5 1.4 -2.6 2.4
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 1.2 1.4 3.2 1.4 0.4 -0.8 1.5 0.6 -0.7 -1.8 -1.7 -0.9 1.2 -1.6 0.8
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 1.6 -0.2 -1.3 0.8 0.6 -1.0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 1.0 -0.8 -0.4 -1.2
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 1.1 1.5 2.8 -1.7 -0.7 1.1 -1.6 -0.8 -0.7 1.7 1.4 1.2 -0.4 1.2 -1.2
Heart disease (siblings) 0.5 0.6 5.6 -0.8 -0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -2.4 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 -0.0 -0.4
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.3 1.4 4.3 1.0 1.1 -1.1 2.1 1.3 1.4 -0.6 -0.4 -1.3 1.0 -0.7 1.4
Pack years of smoking 0.3 0.4 2.3 0.1 -0.7 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -1.5 -0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 -0.3
Impedance of whole body 1.3 6.5 13.5 2.1 3.7 -3.0 1.1 3.2 1.6 -1.3 -2.2 -3.2 1.9 -2.5 3.2
Leg fat mass (left) 1.7 6.7 10.8 -2.3 -3.1 3.1 -0.5 -3.1 -1.6 1.6 2.5 3.3 -2.3 2.7 -3.3
Arm predicted mass (left) 3.1 15.5 23.3 -3.5 -4.7 4.5 -2.7 -4.7 -2.9 2.2 3.8 4.8 -3.4 4.1 -4.8