Hub : Genes

GK5

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Artery Aorta 0.1560 0.0540 2.0e-04 0.060 NA 0.060 NA 0.055 3.1e-04 NA 3.1e-04 NA 5.5e-04
2 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.1563 0.0544 8.4e-05 0.031 NA 0.031 NA 0.038 1.8e-03 NA 1.6e-03 NA 5.4e-04
3 GTEx Breast Mammary Tissue 0.2030 0.0800 2.7e-03 0.015 NA 0.028 NA 0.017 5.6e-02 NA 1.4e-02 NA 4.5e-02
4 GTEx Breast Mammary Tissue (Female) 0.0139 0.0492 4.1e-01 0.046 NA -0.003 NA 0.027 1.7e-02 NA 4.0e-01 NA 5.3e-02
5 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.1780 0.0520 1.1e-06 0.095 NA 0.090 NA 0.095 1.4e-07 NA 2.7e-07 NA 1.4e-07
6 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.2028 0.0626 1.8e-04 0.012 NA 0.012 NA 0.067 4.2e-02 NA 4.7e-02 NA 1.6e-05
7 GTEx Thyroid 0.0480 0.0250 6.3e-03 0.059 NA 0.009 NA 0.036 2.5e-05 NA 6.6e-02 NA 9.4e-04
8 METSIM Adipose 0.0234 0.0136 1.9e-02 -0.001 0.002 -0.001 0.002 -0.001 4.6e-01 1.5e-01 5.1e-01 1.4e-01 6.3e-01
9 YFS Blood 0.1220 0.0295 3.0e-13 0.046 0.051 0.058 0.071 0.051 9.0e-15 2.9e-16 2.8e-18 2.7e-22 2.3e-16
10 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0216 0.0122 4.8e-03 -0.001 0.006 0.002 NA -0.001 5.4e-01 1.5e-02 1.1e-01 NA 5.0e-01
11 TCGA Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0990 0.0510 4.1e-03 0.019 0.025 0.014 NA 0.003 3.7e-02 2.1e-02 6.5e-02 NA 2.2e-01
12 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.0786 0.0393 9.8e-05 0.009 0.048 0.054 NA 0.037 3.8e-02 8.1e-06 2.3e-06 NA 9.0e-05

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.2 1.9 5.8 2.4 -1.3 0.5 -1.0 1.2 1.2 1.8 0.0 -1.2 2.0 1.4 0.5
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.3 0.7 2.0 1.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7 1.1 0.1 0.9 -0.4 -1.4 0.3 -0.1 0.8
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.5 1.3 -0.6 -1.0 1.0 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.5
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.1
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 1.0 3.0 12.4 0.5 -0.3 -0.3 3.1 -0.7 0.3 -0.9 1.6 -3.5 1.9 0.5 -2.5
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.4 2.6 0.1 -1.6 0.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 0.2 0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.6
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.4 0.9 5.3 -0.2 0.2 -2.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 -0.8 -1.2 -1.3 0.7
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.9 1.3 4.8 -1.9 0.8 -0.7 0.4 -0.8 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -2.2 -2.1 -0.1
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.5 1.9 1.1 -0.2 -0.5 1.1 0.7 -0.7 1.4 -0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.8 1.0 5.6 0.3 -1.3 -0.6 -2.4 -1.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 2.4 2.6 6.6 2.2 1.3 -0.7 0.9 1.5 -0.3 2.1 -2.3 -0.7 -2.0 -2.6 0.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.7 1.1 4.1 1.4 -0.6 -0.6 -2.0 -0.1 -0.6 1.0 -1.9 -0.3 -0.2 -0.0 1.0
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.4 0.9 4.3 0.4 -0.0 -2.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.9 -0.4 -0.4 0.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.9 2.2 11.1 1.4 2.4 -0.7 0.5 1.8 0.9 1.3 0.6 3.3 -0.6 -0.4 -0.1
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 2.5 4.8 14.8 1.7 3.9 1.2 1.2 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.6 3.8 0.7 0.8 0.8
Major Depression (MDD) 2.0 2.4 11.1 -1.1 0.4 3.3 0.6 -1.0 1.4 -1.6 1.8 0.5 1.3 1.4 -1.9
Reaction Time 0.6 1.1 4.5 -0.0 0.2 -0.1 -1.4 1.4 0.1 0.8 -2.1 1.0 -1.4 -0.7 0.8
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.7 1.6 5.7 0.6 -1.0 0.3 1.6 -0.7 0.4 -0.6 1.5 -2.4 1.3 0.2 -2.2
Breast Cancer 0.5 1.1 3.6 -1.9 1.2 0.7 1.9 -0.9 -0.4 -1.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 1.0
Ovarian Cancer 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.9 -0.6 0.8 0.1 0.6 -0.0 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.3
Prostate Cancer 1.1 1.5 4.6 -1.2 -0.6 -0.9 -1.2 -0.6 -1.8 -1.0 -2.1 1.1 -0.6 0.5 1.8
Age at First Birth 1.1 1.6 5.7 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.6 2.0 -0.7 1.4 -1.3 -0.2 0.3 0.3 2.4
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.8 0.8 3.4 1.5 -1.8 -0.5 -1.3 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.2 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.5 0.7 3.9 0.5 -0.0 2.0 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 -0.2 -0.7 -1.1 -0.9
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.0 0.1 1.2 -1.1 -0.6 0.0 0.2 -1.1 0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.6
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.7 1.1 2.7 -1.0 -0.9 -1.5 -0.6 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 -0.8 0.0 -1.1 -0.6 -0.3
Mean Putamen Volume 2.2 2.5 7.8 -1.0 -2.7 -1.0 -2.8 -0.4 -2.1 -0.1 -1.1 0.2 -2.2 -1.5 0.5
Fasting Glucose 0.4 0.4 1.5 -0.1 0.7 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.9 -1.0 -0.2
HbA1C 0.7 0.8 3.6 -1.9 -0.3 -1.0 -0.0 -1.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.4 1.5 -0.5 0.3 0.6
HDL Cholesterol 0.6 1.0 3.3 0.3 1.3 1.1 1.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 -1.1 -0.2 -1.2 -0.9
LDL Cholesterol 0.6 0.9 3.0 0.7 1.5 -1.1 0.3 1.7 -0.0 1.3 -0.8 0.7 -0.4 -0.2 0.7
Lupus 0.7 1.1 4.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.9 -1.1 0.6 -1.0 1.2 -2.0 1.6 0.8 -0.5
Neuroticism (2016) 1.0 1.4 7.7 -0.1 -2.8 -0.4 -1.0 -1.5 -1.2 -0.5 0.2 -0.5 0.2 -0.2 -2.0
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 1.4 2.0 7.0 -0.5 -2.3 -0.1 -2.6 -1.3 -1.3 -0.7 -0.7 0.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.7
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.1 1.5 4.7 1.9 1.3 0.5 2.2 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.8 -0.0 -0.6 -1.2 -1.3
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.4 -0.4 -1.0 -0.8 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 0.7
Triglycerides 1.2 2.0 6.2 0.2 0.5 -0.3 -1.9 1.3 0.1 1.8 -2.4 1.5 0.0 1.0 2.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.1 1.2 3.7 0.3 1.9 -0.1 -0.3 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.2 -1.3 -1.9 -0.6
Ulcerative Colitis 2.9 4.2 15.0 1.3 2.5 3.9 1.1 1.7 2.2 0.9 1.5 3.8 0.5 0.9 0.3
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.5 4.0 10.4 1.3 2.0 -0.3 -1.5 2.7 0.8 2.4 -2.5 3.2 -1.8 -0.9 2.4
Blood Platelet Count 0.1 1.4 4.1 -1.4 2.0 -1.0 1.7 1.0 0.8 -0.2 0.7 -1.2 -0.2 -1.3 -1.0
Blood Red Count 2.2 20.9 89.7 -3.3 -0.7 1.7 0.4 -5.4 2.1 -6.8 9.5 3.6 1.7 1.7 -7.0
Blood White Count 0.7 5.2 19.3 3.9 1.5 0.2 1.2 4.3 0.5 4.4 -0.7 0.6 0.6 -0.4 2.1
Heel T-Score 0.4 3.1 15.2 -1.0 -1.3 -1.0 -1.4 0.2 -2.3 0.7 -3.9 2.4 -0.6 0.4 2.1
BMI 0.8 4.8 14.5 -3.8 -1.0 -1.9 -3.4 -1.2 -1.6 -0.8 -3.4 -1.0 -1.8 -0.8 2.4
Height 0.3 5.9 14.7 2.1 2.5 -0.8 3.8 2.5 -0.3 0.0 3.6 -2.7 3.7 2.0 -0.1
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.6 2.8 12.2 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.5 -0.2 -3.5 0.1 -1.4 -0.0 -2.8 -2.8 -0.1
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.6 3.0 13.6 -1.0 -0.7 -1.4 -1.9 -0.7 -0.7 0.2 -2.1 1.2 -3.7 -2.6 1.4
Smoking Status 0.8 1.9 6.0 -0.3 -1.3 0.9 -0.3 -1.7 0.4 -2.1 1.9 1.5 0.6 0.9 -2.4
Allergy or Eczema 0.5 1.4 3.2 1.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.0 1.5 -1.5 1.4 -1.6 0.8 -1.5 -1.8 -0.6
Cardiovascular Disease 0.1 0.4 2.2 -1.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 -1.1 -1.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.0 -0.1
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.5 3.5 14.1 -1.8 -3.8 -2.2 -3.1 -1.7 -1.6 -1.1 -1.1 0.3 -1.0 -0.4 -0.6
Respiratory disease 0.3 0.7 2.1 -0.6 -0.5 -1.4 0.0 0.2 -1.5 -0.5 -1.3 0.9 0.2 0.5 -0.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 -0.3 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 -0.1
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.7 3.4 15.4 0.7 0.8 0.9 3.9 0.4 1.2 -0.4 3.3 -0.2 0.1 -1.1 -3.0
Lung FVC 0.3 1.4 4.5 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 -1.5 -1.0 -0.0 0.2 -0.7 1.4 -2.1 -1.9 -0.8
Neuroticism 0.5 1.2 3.5 -0.5 -1.8 0.9 -1.9 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.5 -0.7
Chronotype (morning person) 0.8 2.0 5.6 -1.2 -0.9 1.4 -2.0 -0.8 1.7 -1.2 0.6 1.3 -1.1 -1.1 -2.4
Hair Pigment 0.2 6.0 45.0 -0.7 6.7 1.6 2.1 1.9 2.6 0.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 0.1
Tanning 0.1 1.7 6.1 -0.6 -1.6 -1.4 -2.5 0.0 -1.4 1.0 -1.9 -0.4 0.1 0.4 1.5
Hand grip strength (left) 0.3 0.8 2.5 1.0 1.6 -0.1 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.2 -0.0 -1.3
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.5 0.9 3.5 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.6 0.3 -1.3 0.2 -1.3 0.2 -1.9 -1.3 1.0
Average weekly spirits intake 0.9 1.2 4.1 0.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.5 0.8 -2.0 0.1 -0.9 0.2
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.6 1.0 5.7 0.1 -0.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 1.0 -0.1 1.9 -0.7 0.8 0.3 -2.4
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.7 2.3 -1.0 -0.1 -0.7 1.1 0.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5 0.7 -1.5 -1.3 0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.6 1.0 2.2 -0.8 -1.4 1.4 -1.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.2
Relative age of first facial hair 0.3 0.7 2.5 1.6 -0.1 0.7 0.0 1.1 0.6 1.5 -0.2 0.8 0.5 0.5 -0.1
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 1.1 1.4 4.3 0.6 1.4 0.1 1.6 2.1 0.7 1.7 -0.7 0.6 -1.1 -1.2 1.0
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.5 1.9 4.9 0.6 0.5 -1.3 -1.8 1.2 -0.6 0.9 -2.2 -0.1 -2.2 -2.2 0.5
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.7 0.7 2.3 0.9 -0.8 -1.1 -0.7 0.8 -0.9 0.6 -0.8 0.9 -0.7 -0.0 1.5
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.6 4.5 18.8 -0.4 -1.7 -1.0 -2.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.7 -2.3 1.9 -4.3 -3.5 0.9
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 2.0 2.2 4.9 -0.5 -1.7 -0.5 -2.2 1.0 -2.1 1.7 -1.8 0.7 -1.7 -1.6 0.3
Angina 1.3 1.7 8.5 -1.4 -1.6 -0.9 -1.7 -0.9 -2.9 -1.2 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.7 -0.2
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 1.5 1.7 5.4 1.2 0.6 0.2 -1.9 1.9 -1.0 1.4 -1.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 2.3
Vitamin and mineral supplements 1.6 2.2 7.7 -0.1 2.8 0.5 0.3 2.7 0.4 1.8 -1.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 2.6
Supplements: Zinc 1.7 1.9 8.2 -1.5 -1.0 -0.9 0.6 -2.3 -1.6 -2.9 -0.1 -0.6 0.6 1.0 -0.1
Medication: Co-codamol 0.9 1.0 3.4 -0.6 0.9 0.5 -1.3 1.8 0.0 0.9 -1.7 -1.0 -0.4 -0.9 0.1
Medication: Metformin 1.2 1.7 4.3 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 -0.0 2.1 2.0 0.3
Diabetes (father) 1.5 1.9 6.8 0.3 -1.8 -1.8 -1.2 -0.3 -2.6 -0.1 -2.3 -0.2 -1.3 -1.0 0.5
Diabetes (mother) 2.1 2.6 5.3 1.4 1.4 0.4 0.0 2.0 1.9 2.3 -0.1 2.1 1.6 1.9 2.0
Severe depression (siblings) 2.4 2.6 4.8 -1.7 -2.1 -0.3 -1.5 -1.8 -1.0 -2.2 -0.5 1.3 1.6 1.9 -2.1
Pack years adult smoking proportion 1.6 2.4 6.1 0.4 0.7 2.1 -1.2 1.5 0.8 1.4 -1.7 2.4 -1.4 -0.5 2.5
Impedance of leg (right) 1.3 6.2 13.7 3.4 2.3 3.2 2.5 2.6 3.3 1.8 3.7 1.4 0.5 -0.7 -2.0
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.6 3.0 8.6 -2.5 -0.5 -2.4 -0.4 -1.5 -2.9 -2.3 -0.8 -2.3 0.7 0.7 0.9
Trunk fat percentage 0.3 1.2 7.3 -2.7 1.0 -0.8 -1.0 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -1.2 -1.3 0.3
Hand grip strength (right) 0.2 0.5 2.0 1.4 1.2 -0.8 0.9 0.3 -0.5 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.0 -0.8
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 1.3 1.8 6.3 -2.0 -0.4 -0.1 1.3 -1.7 -0.9 -2.5 1.4 0.0 0.4 0.3 -2.1
Current tobacco smoking 0.3 0.5 1.7 -0.3 -1.3 0.7 -0.6 -1.1 0.3 -1.0 0.3 0.7 -0.4 -0.0 -0.5
Average weekly fortified wine intake 2.2 2.6 7.0 1.3 1.8 2.3 0.8 1.6 2.6 1.8 1.4 2.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.0
Maternal smoking around birth 1.5 2.2 10.0 -2.4 -2.2 0.1 -3.2 -1.1 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 0.2 -0.8 -1.0 -1.6
Fed-up feelings 0.2 0.4 1.6 -0.6 -0.9 0.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 -1.3 0.3 0.0 -0.6
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.7 0.2 -0.2 0.8 -0.4 -1.3 -0.7 0.0 -1.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.3
Relative age voice broke 0.6 0.9 2.0 0.5 -0.5 0.9 -1.1 0.7 0.0 1.0 -0.7 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.1
Taking other prescription medications 0.7 1.1 4.4 -0.9 -0.1 -0.6 -0.7 0.7 -1.3 0.5 -2.1 1.0 -0.8 -0.3 1.7
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.3 0.8 2.8 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.3 1.0 -0.5 0.8 -0.6 -0.8 0.9 1.1 1.7
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.1 1.3 2.8 1.3 1.2 -0.7 0.1 1.7 0.8 1.4 -0.9 -0.6 -1.1 -1.0 1.7
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.6 1.3 5.8 0.8 2.4 0.3 1.9 1.3 0.0 1.0 0.0 -0.1 1.1 0.8 0.9
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.6 0.7 2.7 -1.0 0.8 -0.0 0.9 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 -0.8 1.6 1.1 0.7
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.4 1.9 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -1.0 0.4 -0.1 0.7 1.4 -0.1 0.7 0.6 0.2
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.4 0.4 1.9 -0.8 0.1 -0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.6 1.3 1.4 -0.2
High blood pressure 0.7 2.0 10.5 -3.2 -0.7 -0.6 -1.8 -0.9 -0.6 -1.0 -0.7 1.2 -2.0 -1.1 0.5
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.5 1.2 3.1 1.2 0.2 -1.4 -0.4 1.8 -1.6 1.2 -1.2 0.2 -0.5 -1.1 -0.2
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.4 1.8 6.8 -0.6 -2.0 -0.0 -0.1 -2.2 0.3 -1.7 1.7 -0.4 0.2 -0.1 -2.6
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.4 0.5 3.7 0.1 -0.3 -0.9 0.5 -0.9 -1.9 -0.4 -0.2 0.7 -0.3 0.2 0.0
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.8 1.1 2.7 -0.4 -0.7 -1.6 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7 -0.8 -0.5 0.3 -1.7 -1.5 -1.1
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.4 0.7 -0.3 0.7 -0.3 -0.5 0.4
Medication: Atenolol 0.2 0.3 1.1 -1.0 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.7 -0.0 -0.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.6
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.9 1.6 9.1 -0.5 -3.0 -1.7 -1.4 -1.2 -1.8 -0.3 -0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.0
Sitting height 0.5 3.7 15.7 2.0 1.8 0.5 2.5 0.8 0.9 -0.8 4.0 -1.2 2.8 1.5 -1.1
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.1 1.2 4.6 -0.2 0.9 0.0 -0.4 1.5 0.5 1.4 -1.6 0.4 0.9 1.2 2.1
High blood pressure (mother) 0.6 0.9 3.3 -0.2 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.1 -0.1 1.8 0.6 1.6 1.5 0.5
Body mass index (BMI) 1.0 4.3 13.0 -3.6 -0.9 -2.6 -2.0 -1.0 -2.1 -1.1 -3.1 -0.8 -2.0 -1.2 2.2
Impedance of leg (left) 1.4 6.6 16.5 3.0 2.5 3.4 2.1 2.3 3.7 1.4 4.1 2.1 1.0 0.1 -2.2
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.6 3.0 8.4 -2.5 -0.5 -2.4 -0.5 -1.6 -2.9 -2.3 -0.9 -2.1 0.7 0.7 0.9
Trunk fat mass 0.3 1.1 6.1 -2.5 0.8 -1.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -1.0 -0.7 -1.0 0.6
Waist circumference 0.9 3.3 7.5 -2.7 -0.1 -2.4 -1.2 -0.5 -2.5 -0.7 -2.7 -1.1 -1.8 -1.4 2.2
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.0 1.6 4.3 0.0 -2.1 -1.8 -1.6 -0.6 -1.6 0.4 -1.9 0.4 -1.5 -1.0 0.3
Past tobacco smoking 1.9 3.6 13.4 0.8 0.7 -1.6 -0.3 2.1 0.0 2.6 -3.1 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 3.7
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.9 1.5 7.8 0.7 1.9 0.5 2.8 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 -1.1 0.3 -0.4 -0.5
Nervous feelings 0.3 0.6 2.8 1.1 0.0 -0.7 -0.8 1.2 0.0 1.7 -0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.5 2.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.8 -0.2 -1.6 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 1.5
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 2.4 3.9 12.1 -3.5 -2.6 0.7 -3.4 -1.9 0.2 -1.9 -0.5 2.2 0.7 1.9 -0.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 1.0 1.3 5.5 0.4 -0.2 -1.3 0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 0.4 -2.4 -1.4 -1.7 -1.0
Had menopause 2.1 2.6 7.6 0.7 -0.6 0.4 -2.8 1.6 1.6 2.1 -1.6 2.3 -1.6 -1.0 1.2
Had other major operations 1.5 1.8 5.2 0.5 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.3 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.1 -0.6
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.2 0.8 3.6 0.4 0.0 -0.2 1.3 -0.9 0.2 -0.8 1.9 -0.0 0.8 0.3 -1.4
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.9 2.0 7.3 0.5 2.7 -0.3 1.8 1.9 -0.2 1.2 -1.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 2.4
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.3 0.3 1.2 -0.3 -0.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.9 0.2 -0.4 -1.1
Qualifications: None of the above 0.5 1.0 3.2 -1.8 0.5 0.3 -1.5 -0.0 0.0 0.1 -1.0 0.9 -1.2 -0.2 1.8
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 2.0 2.7 7.9 -2.1 -1.1 1.7 1.6 -2.2 -1.2 -2.8 1.2 -1.4 1.0 0.9 -1.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.7 1.1 4.9 1.1 -1.0 -0.6 -1.3 -0.0 0.5 0.6 -1.5 0.2 -0.4 -1.0 -2.2
Heart attack 1.0 1.3 5.6 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.0 -0.4 -2.1 0.3 -0.5 1.4 -0.1 0.9 2.4
Allergy 0.5 1.1 4.5 -0.8 -0.6 1.5 0.5 -2.1 1.2 -1.3 1.1 -0.5 0.1 0.4 0.3
Pain all over the body in last month 0.3 0.3 1.2 -1.1 -0.0 -0.4 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.2
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.8 1.3 3.3 1.1 -0.3 0.7 -0.5 1.5 0.8 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.4 -0.0
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.5 0.5 -0.8 -0.1 1.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.7 -0.9 0.2 -0.1 0.5
Medication: Ramipril 0.7 0.9 4.2 -0.4 0.9 -0.6 -0.4 0.7 -1.1 0.2 -2.0 0.8 -0.5 0.1 1.4
Medication: Simvastatin 1.8 2.6 10.6 -0.4 3.3 1.3 2.6 2.5 0.6 1.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 1.8
Fluid intelligence score 0.3 0.7 2.1 1.3 -0.6 0.6 1.4 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.3 -1.4 0.5 -0.0 -0.8
Illnesses of siblings 0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.2 1.2 -0.5 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 -0.6 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1
Neuroticism score 0.3 0.6 1.7 -0.4 -1.3 0.2 -1.0 -0.6 -1.3 -0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.0 -0.6
Weight 0.3 1.6 5.2 -2.3 0.5 -2.0 -0.3 -0.1 -1.6 -1.1 -1.0 -1.5 -0.1 -0.1 1.6
Impedance of arm (right) 0.9 4.0 16.6 1.8 1.1 2.3 1.8 0.6 2.1 -0.5 4.1 0.4 1.1 -0.2 -3.4
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.6 2.3 11.7 -3.4 -0.3 -1.6 -1.5 -0.7 -1.0 -1.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.6 -1.4 0.5
Trunk fat-free mass 0.3 1.6 4.9 -1.0 -0.2 -2.2 0.2 -0.9 -1.9 -1.3 -0.5 -1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3
Hip circumference 0.4 1.8 7.6 -2.8 0.7 -2.0 -0.9 -0.4 -0.8 -1.2 -1.8 -0.9 -0.4 -0.1 1.6
Time employed in main current job 0.5 0.6 2.1 -0.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.3
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.8 1.2 4.3 -0.2 0.3 -2.1 0.2 0.9 -0.5 0.9 -1.2 -0.8 -1.4 -1.2 1.5
Father’s age at death 1.3 1.8 4.7 1.9 1.3 -1.4 1.6 1.7 2.2 1.4 -0.1 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.5
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.2 0.3 1.8 0.7 -0.7 -0.3 0.7 -0.2 -1.3 0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.9 1.5 4.5 -0.6 0.2 -1.2 1.0 0.3 -2.1 -0.4 -1.5 0.4 -2.1 -1.8 0.8
Falls in the last year 0.6 0.8 3.7 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 -0.2 0.4 1.1 -0.8 1.9 1.4 0.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.4 0.6 2.2 -1.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.7 -1.0 -0.0 -0.9 1.3 -0.4 0.3 1.5
Number of live births 2.7 3.8 11.8 -2.6 -2.3 1.3 -1.1 -3.4 1.0 -2.8 1.5 1.2 0.7 1.1 -2.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.5 1.8 7.9 1.0 0.5 -0.2 2.3 -0.3 0.4 -0.5 2.8 0.1 0.8 -0.1 -2.5
Pulse rate 0.8 1.3 4.7 1.6 1.4 -1.0 1.0 1.6 -0.3 1.2 -0.7 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 2.2
Happiness 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 -1.0 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.6 -0.0 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.2
Noisy workplace 0.7 0.8 2.1 -1.4 0.7 1.4 -0.3 0.6 0.1 0.6 -0.0 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.8 1.8 10.6 1.1 1.9 -0.5 3.2 0.7 -0.6 -0.3 1.1 -1.0 1.4 -0.0 -1.2
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.6 0.7 2.2 -0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 1.5 1.3 1.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.2 0.4 1.7 -0.7 -0.4 0.5 -0.3 -0.2 1.1 -0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.3 0.7 1.3
Asthma 0.4 0.8 2.5 -1.6 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5 -0.1 -1.2 -0.8 -0.6 1.5 0.3 0.6 -0.4
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.3 1.7 5.2 -0.0 -1.4 0.6 0.3 -2.3 -1.3 -2.2 0.4 -1.2 0.3 0.3 -2.2
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 1.5 2.4 8.5 1.2 2.9 0.6 1.2 2.4 0.2 2.2 -0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.1
Depression (self-reported) 1.0 1.2 2.8 0.4 0.7 -1.2 1.6 -0.1 -1.2 -0.5 -0.2 -1.2 -1.4 -1.7 -1.4
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.7 1.9 7.0 0.3 1.8 -0.3 0.7 2.6 0.0 2.2 -0.7 -0.4 -0.0 -0.3 2.6
Prospective memory result 0.4 0.5 3.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 -1.8 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.7 0.7 0.3
Lung cancer (father) 1.6 1.9 8.0 -0.9 -2.5 0.3 -2.8 -1.5 1.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.9
Illnesses of mother 0.9 1.1 5.0 -0.2 0.3 0.1 1.0 -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.6 -1.4 -1.5 -2.2 -1.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.7 2.2 8.1 1.6 0.9 0.4 2.9 0.6 1.0 0.5 2.5 -0.1 1.0 -0.2 -2.5
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.3 0.4 1.6 -1.3 -0.0 0.3 -0.8 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.8 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.9
Impedance of arm (left) 0.9 4.1 16.2 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.3 2.0 0.0 4.0 0.1 1.3 -0.0 -2.9
Arm fat mass (right) 0.7 2.7 11.6 -3.4 -0.4 -2.3 -1.4 -0.9 -1.6 -1.6 -1.7 -1.2 -1.1 -0.9 1.2
Trunk predicted mass 0.2 1.4 4.1 -1.0 -0.2 -2.0 0.3 -0.8 -1.7 -1.3 -0.3 -1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3
Standing height 0.5 5.4 19.0 1.9 2.3 0.5 3.1 1.2 0.4 -0.8 4.4 -1.4 3.9 2.3 -1.4
Length of working week for main job 0.7 0.8 3.7 -1.4 -0.1 -0.8 0.3 -0.8 -0.3 -1.4 0.1 -1.9 0.1 0.0 -0.3
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.2 1.3 5.8 0.3 0.8 2.4 1.2 0.3 1.1 -0.3 1.5 -0.2 1.2 0.3 -1.6
Breastfed as a baby 0.7 0.8 2.9 -0.4 0.4 1.7 0.1 1.4 -0.8 0.8 -1.6 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.2
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.3 0.5 2.4 -0.4 -0.7 -1.6 -0.5 -0.2 -1.0 0.3 -0.5 -1.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.0 1.5 5.7 1.5 1.8 1.1 2.4 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.7 -1.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.3 0.8 2.1 0.8 1.0 -0.9 1.1 0.7 -0.3 1.5 -1.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 1.1
Birth weight of first child 0.3 0.5 1.7 0.9 -0.3 1.1 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.6 -0.6
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.9 2.2 11.0 0.6 0.9 0.1 2.5 -0.0 0.5 -0.3 3.3 0.3 0.3 -0.6 -2.6
Pulse wave reflection index 2.0 2.4 6.7 -1.8 -2.6 -0.6 -2.4 -1.8 -2.2 -1.3 -1.0 0.0 0.4 1.2 0.6
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.8 0.9 3.2 1.2 -0.5 0.2 -0.8 1.6 0.1 1.8 -0.9 0.6 -0.1 -0.0 1.3
Loud music exposure frequency 0.6 0.7 1.7 -0.4 -1.3 -1.2 -0.6 -1.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.4 -1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.9 1.4 5.9 1.3 0.5 1.1 1.4 0.4 0.6 -0.0 1.7 -0.7 -0.0 -1.3 -2.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.8 1.1 6.2 -0.2 1.8 0.3 1.4 0.0 -0.5 -0.7 2.5 -0.6 0.5 -0.1 0.2
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 1.2 1.6 5.5 1.3 2.3 -0.2 1.0 2.3 0.1 2.1 -0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.7
Medication: Paracetamol 1.0 1.7 5.2 -0.7 -1.7 -0.8 -2.2 -1.3 -1.1 -0.7 -2.3 -0.9 0.0 0.6 1.3
Headache pain in last month 0.4 0.7 2.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 0.5 -1.6 -0.4 -1.6 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.6 0.9
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 1.0 1.7 5.3 -0.8 -1.6 -0.6 0.2 -1.6 -0.1 -1.9 1.2 -0.7 -1.0 -1.5 -2.3
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.7 2.0 6.9 -1.2 -1.8 -2.6 -2.1 -0.8 -1.3 -0.1 -2.1 0.7 -0.5 0.1 1.1
Gout (self-reported) 0.6 0.8 3.9 -0.3 -1.4 -0.6 -2.0 -0.5 -0.1 0.7 -1.5 -0.5 -0.7 -0.5 -0.0
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 1.1 2.2 8.5 -1.3 -2.9 -2.4 -1.9 -1.2 -1.6 -0.5 -1.1 0.5 -0.9 -0.4 0.3
Medication: Amlodipine 0.6 0.8 2.4 -0.9 -0.5 0.7 0.1 0.5 -1.5 0.8 -1.6 -1.1 -0.0 -0.2 1.1
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 1.8 2.3 7.6 -2.8 -1.0 -1.3 -2.2 -1.4 -2.1 -1.2 -1.6 0.7 -0.6 0.6 0.9
Birth weight 0.9 2.0 7.2 0.3 0.2 -1.2 2.0 -0.9 0.2 -0.5 1.7 -2.5 0.7 -0.5 -2.7
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 1.2 1.3 5.6 -0.6 -0.0 -0.2 -1.3 0.7 -0.1 0.7 -2.4 1.4 -1.4 -0.8 1.7
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.4 -0.5 0.1 -0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 -0.4 0.3 1.1
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.3 0.9 3.8 1.1 0.4 0.1 1.9 0.1 0.6 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -1.6
Body fat percentage 0.3 1.2 6.4 -2.5 0.7 -0.7 -1.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -0.2 -1.5 -1.4 0.8
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.5 1.7 4.7 -1.8 0.3 -0.3 -1.0 0.9 -0.3 0.5 -1.8 0.1 -2.2 -1.8 1.8
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.2 1.1 2.9 -1.1 0.1 -1.7 -0.3 -0.3 -1.6 -0.7 -0.8 -1.0 0.8 0.8 1.6
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 1.0 1.3 2.9 -1.7 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 -0.0 0.5 -1.1 1.4 -0.0 -1.0
Comparative body size at age 10 0.5 1.3 4.6 -1.1 -0.5 0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.1 -1.6 1.1 1.6 0.8 0.5 -2.1
Number of full brothers 0.6 0.8 2.3 -1.1 -1.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.4 -1.2 0.5 0.2 1.4 1.5 0.5
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.8 1.3 3.8 -0.2 -1.6 0.2 -1.9 -0.8 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 0.5 1.5 1.5 -1.6
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 2.0 2.5 4.8 0.5 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.5 2.0 0.3 1.9 -0.3 2.1 0.9 -1.7
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 1.8 3.1 7.3 -2.3 -2.6 -0.6 -2.7 -2.7 -1.6 -1.8 -1.3 0.9 0.1 1.5 0.6
Number of children fathered 0.7 0.8 2.6 -0.7 -0.9 0.7 -1.6 -0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.6 0.4 1.2 1.4 -0.6
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.0 1.2 2.8 -1.0 -1.4 -0.8 -1.7 -1.1 -1.2 -0.5 -1.1 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.1
Age at first live birth 1.7 2.9 8.2 2.9 1.8 1.5 2.7 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.9 -1.1 2.0 1.4 1.4
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.4 0.4 2.2 1.5 0.1 -0.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.9 -0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.8
Health satisfaction 0.8 1.0 4.9 0.9 0.8 2.2 0.9 0.7 0.0 -0.0 0.5 1.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 1.5 1.8 5.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 -1.3 2.3 0.1 2.2 -1.4 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.4
Qualifications: College or University degree 1.1 3.5 23.6 1.8 1.8 -0.6 4.9 -0.8 -0.3 -1.1 1.9 -1.2 0.3 -0.7 -1.9
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.6 0.7 2.3 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.9 -1.5 0.8 0.3 -0.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.7 0.8 5.2 -0.2 0.9 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 2.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.3
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.4 0.4 1.3 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 -1.1 -0.3 -0.8 -0.1 0.2 1.0 0.6
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.5 0.8 2.7 -0.3 1.6 0.2 0.7 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.1 -0.6 -1.1 0.2
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.8 0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.5 0.0 0.3 -0.2 1.2 -0.2 0.4 1.2
Medication: Blood pressure 0.6 1.0 2.8 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 -1.6 -0.6 -1.4 0.3 -1.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 1.7
Angina (self-reported) 1.0 1.4 7.0 -1.5 -1.3 -0.8 -1.3 -0.8 -2.6 -1.2 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.4 -0.2
Migraine (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.9 -0.5 0.6 -0.4 -1.2 0.2 -1.2 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.4 -0.5
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.9 1.1 4.7 0.2 -0.9 0.3 0.5 -1.9 -0.5 -1.7 0.4 -0.8 0.2 0.1 -2.2
Medication: Allopurinol 0.7 1.0 3.2 -0.8 -1.8 -0.9 -1.7 -0.9 -0.7 0.0 -1.2 -1.0 -0.0 -0.1 -0.6
Medication: Omeprazole 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.1 -0.0 -0.5 1.0 -0.1 1.0 0.3 1.2 -0.8 -0.7 0.3
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 4.5 5.2 12.8 -3.2 -2.8 -1.3 -2.0 -3.6 -3.1 -3.2 -1.5 1.2 -0.3 1.5 -0.2
Mean time to correctly identify matches 1.2 2.2 8.1 0.4 0.3 0.7 -1.4 2.1 0.4 1.7 -2.8 1.4 -1.8 -1.1 1.4
Heart disease (mother) 0.7 0.8 4.2 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -1.0 0.4 -0.2 0.8 -1.0 1.3 -0.7 0.1 2.1
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.4 1.6 4.0 -2.0 -1.5 -0.4 -1.5 -1.4 -0.0 -1.8 1.2 1.1 -0.4 -0.3 -1.7
Whole body fat mass 0.4 1.6 7.9 -2.8 0.3 -1.5 -1.0 -0.3 -1.2 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 1.0
Leg fat mass (right) 0.4 1.5 5.5 -2.4 0.1 -1.2 -0.9 -0.0 -1.0 -0.6 -1.7 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1 1.5
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.2 1.1 3.0 -1.3 0.1 -1.7 -0.2 -0.4 -1.7 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0 0.7 0.8 1.5
Pulse rate, automated reading 1.9 6.0 17.2 3.8 4.2 -0.2 3.6 3.0 1.5 2.5 0.0 1.1 -0.6 -0.4 2.8
Alcohol intake frequency. 1.1 2.5 7.0 0.1 2.6 -1.7 1.1 2.2 1.5 1.7 -0.4 0.8 -1.8 -1.5 1.7
Comparative height size at age 10 0.5 2.5 8.4 0.6 2.2 0.2 1.5 0.8 0.3 -0.8 2.8 0.0 2.9 2.3 -0.1
Number of full sisters 0.7 0.8 2.9 0.2 -1.7 0.1 -1.3 -0.7 -1.2 -0.6 -0.2 -1.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.5 0.8 2.5 0.1 -1.1 -1.4 0.3 0.5 -1.1 0.7 -1.4 -0.4 0.2 0.3 1.6
Overall health rating 1.2 2.6 11.0 -1.7 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 -1.9 0.2 -1.7 1.3 -3.3 -2.6 1.2
Chest pain or discomfort 1.3 1.8 7.6 -1.5 -0.5 -0.9 -1.1 -0.7 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 2.8 -1.2 0.0 2.4
Had major operations 0.3 0.3 2.0 -0.0 0.8 -0.5 1.0 -0.0 -1.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
Age at last live birth 1.0 1.5 3.8 0.8 0.1 1.7 1.5 -0.8 0.8 -1.0 1.7 -0.2 1.9 1.8 -0.1
Family relationship satisfaction 1.0 1.2 3.3 -0.7 -1.8 -0.0 -0.7 -1.8 -1.1 -1.6 -0.8 0.5 -0.2 0.4 -1.5
Leg pain on walking 1.5 1.9 4.3 -0.7 1.6 0.9 -0.7 1.9 -0.1 1.4 -1.1 1.6 -2.1 -2.1 0.7
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.9 1.1 5.1 -0.7 -1.7 -0.1 -1.3 -1.3 -0.5 -0.4 0.3 -2.3 0.8 0.6 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.8 0.9 2.5 -0.4 -1.1 0.8 -1.1 -1.1 0.4 0.3 1.4 -1.6 -0.2 -0.8 -1.1
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 1.9 2.4 6.5 1.7 1.0 0.3 -0.7 2.2 0.7 1.9 -1.1 0.4 -2.5 -2.5 1.0
Medication: Aspirin 0.6 0.8 3.5 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 0.5 -0.6 -1.9 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 1.1 1.4 1.0
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.5 0.0 -1.7 0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.0 0.4 0.5 0.7 -0.4
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.2 0.3 1.3 -1.1 0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.1 -0.7 0.3 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.7
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.7 1.9 8.9 -3.0 -1.1 -0.6 -2.1 -1.2 -0.8 -1.1 -0.8 0.9 -1.7 -0.8 0.5
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.6 0.7 2.0 0.6 0.0 -1.4 -0.6 0.9 -1.2 0.6 -0.8 0.3 -1.3 -1.0 0.4
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.9 -0.5
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.2 1.5 7.5 0.5 -2.1 0.4 -2.7 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 -0.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 -0.6
Smoking status: Previous 1.2 1.8 9.4 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.6 -1.1 -0.4 -1.6 2.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 -3.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.6 1.3 3.5 -0.3 0.6 -0.4 0.7 -0.7 -1.2 -1.6 1.1 -1.9 1.5 0.7 -1.5
Whole body fat-free mass 0.4 2.1 6.1 -1.7 -0.3 -2.5 -0.1 -1.1 -2.4 -1.7 -0.7 -1.6 1.0 1.1 1.2
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.5 2.9 7.4 -2.4 -0.6 -2.5 -0.6 -1.7 -2.7 -2.4 -0.7 -1.8 1.0 1.1 0.8
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.5 2.0 10.1 -3.2 0.2 -1.6 -1.3 -0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -1.5 -0.7 -1.4 -1.2 0.9
Average weekly red wine intake 0.8 1.1 7.2 0.7 1.0 1.4 2.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.7 0.6 -0.3 -0.9
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.3 0.4 1.3 -1.0 -0.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.8 0.6 -0.4 -0.3 1.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1
Mood swings 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.6 0.8 -0.2 -0.0 -0.9 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3
Loneliness, isolation 0.4 0.6 1.7 -0.5 1.3 1.1 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.7 -0.4 0.9 0.2 0.5 1.1
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 1.2 1.8 7.2 -0.2 2.7 0.0 1.4 2.2 -0.5 1.1 -0.8 1.4 -0.2 -0.0 1.8
Ever had bowel cancer screening 1.1 1.3 5.1 1.7 0.9 1.1 2.3 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.2 -1.1 0.9 0.1 -0.4
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.9 1.5 5.3 1.6 -0.0 0.9 -0.4 2.1 1.2 2.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.4
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.6 0.6 3.0 -0.1 0.8 0.1 0.8 -0.6 0.6 -1.0 0.2 -0.0 -0.7 -0.8 -1.7
Friendships satisfaction 0.7 0.9 3.7 -0.4 0.7 -0.1 1.7 -0.5 -0.5 -1.6 0.7 0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -1.9
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 1.9 3.0 9.5 1.9 2.9 0.2 1.9 3.1 1.6 2.0 0.2 1.5 0.9 -0.1 -0.7
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 2.1 2.2 5.3 0.4 2.0 0.8 2.0 1.2 1.5 0.0 1.5 2.3 1.5 1.9 0.7
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.1 1.3 5.0 0.1 -0.6 -0.6 -1.0 -0.7 1.2 -0.9 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.8 -2.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.5 0.8 4.1 -2.0 1.2 1.2 -0.1 0.6 0.4 -0.1 0.2 -0.0 0.6 0.7 0.7
Medication for cholesterol 0.6 1.0 2.4 -0.0 -1.3 -0.7 -0.1 -1.5 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 -1.4
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.9 1.0 2.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.2 -1.4 0.7 -1.4 -0.8 1.4
Back pain experienced in last month 0.5 0.8 4.3 -0.6 2.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.8 -0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.1
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.8 1.1 3.0 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.7 0.8 1.0 0.4 -0.2 1.0 0.7 0.6
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 3.3 0.7 -1.1 0.1 -0.7 -1.1 0.8 -0.6 1.8 -0.4 1.3 0.6 -1.8
Asthma (self-reported) 0.5 1.0 4.0 -2.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.0 -1.3 -0.8 -0.8 1.6 0.1 0.4 -0.3
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.1 1.2 0.5 0.7 -0.3 0.2 -1.2 -1.0 0.7
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 1.0 1.4 6.1 -1.0 -0.7 -2.5 0.1 -0.7 -1.3 -0.4 -0.6 -1.7 -1.4 -1.2 0.2
Medication: Aspirin 0.6 0.8 2.3 0.2 -0.4 -0.5 0.8 -0.0 -1.5 0.4 0.1 -0.3 1.4 1.5 1.4
Medication: Gliclazide 0.4 0.4 1.5 -0.4 0.3 0.3 -0.4 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 0.4 -0.3 0.8 1.2 0.2
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.9 1.1 2.7 -0.8 -1.1 0.4 -0.8 -1.7 0.1 -1.5 0.3 -0.9 -1.3 -1.4 -1.0
Smoking status: Current 0.6 0.9 3.2 -0.7 -1.8 0.7 -1.0 -1.7 0.3 -1.3 0.4 0.6 -0.1 0.3 -0.8
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.1 0.3 1.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 -0.3 0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.4
Whole body water mass 0.4 2.1 5.8 -1.7 -0.3 -2.4 -0.1 -1.0 -2.3 -1.6 -0.8 -1.6 1.0 1.1 1.3
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.5 2.8 6.7 -2.4 -0.5 -2.4 -0.6 -1.6 -2.6 -2.3 -0.7 -1.9 1.1 1.1 0.7
Arm fat mass (left) 0.7 2.7 11.8 -3.4 0.1 -2.4 -1.2 -0.7 -1.7 -1.5 -1.7 -1.1 -1.3 -1.0 1.3
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.8 1.4 3.4 -0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.8 1.8 0.4 1.5 -1.0 1.8 -1.8 -1.4 0.1
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.1 -0.4 0.7 -0.4 -0.6 0.2 -1.1 0.0 1.1 0.7 1.1 -0.2
Miserableness 0.6 1.0 3.5 -0.8 -0.6 0.4 0.5 -1.0 -1.9 -1.5 1.6 0.4 -0.1 0.2 -0.7
Guilty feelings 0.7 1.1 2.6 -0.0 -0.7 -0.1 0.5 -1.4 -0.6 -1.2 1.1 -0.7 1.6 1.3 -1.5
Wears glasses or contact lenses 2.7 3.1 10.5 0.4 2.5 1.6 0.7 2.0 2.9 1.5 -1.1 3.2 -0.8 0.0 0.7
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.7 0.8 2.7 -0.9 1.4 0.5 1.4 0.1 0.2 -0.5 -1.6 -1.0 0.2 0.4 0.8
Hearing aid user 0.5 0.6 4.1 -0.4 -0.5 0.7 -0.2 -0.7 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -2.0
Mother’s age at death 0.2 0.3 1.9 0.7 -0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 -1.4 0.4 0.2 -0.5
Financial situation satisfaction 0.4 0.5 2.2 -1.1 -0.2 0.5 0.3 -0.6 -1.0 -1.5 -0.8 0.1 -0.6 -0.1 0.4
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 1.9 2.2 4.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.8 -0.5 -1.9 1.4 -2.0 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.6 -1.5
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 1.1 1.3 2.5 0.8 1.6 -1.0 1.6 1.3 0.0 0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -1.4 -1.4 1.3
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 1.1 1.3 3.0 -0.9 -1.6 -1.7 -1.6 -0.5 -0.8 0.1 -1.6 1.2 -0.4 0.4 1.1
Medication: Blood pressure 0.6 1.1 4.8 -2.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.8 -0.4 0.3 -2.0 -1.5 0.5
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.8 1.0 3.5 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.1 1.0 1.9 0.6 1.1 0.9 -0.1
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.6 0.8 3.2 -0.4 -1.8 -0.5 -1.2 -1.7 -0.6 -0.8 0.2 0.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.6
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.6 1.0 5.8 0.1 2.4 0.1 1.6 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 -0.0 0.0 0.2
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 1.2 1.8 7.5 -2.7 -0.6 -1.1 -0.2 -1.3 -1.4 -1.7 -1.5 -1.0 -1.2 -0.6 1.0
Medication: Paracetamol 1.1 1.7 4.4 -1.1 -1.6 -1.5 -1.5 -1.9 -1.1 -1.2 -2.1 -0.5 -0.4 0.5 1.3
Medication: Lisinopril 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 -0.4 -1.1 -1.3 -0.6
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.8 0.9 2.3 1.3 -0.9 -1.2 -0.7 0.5 -1.5 0.4 -0.4 1.3 -1.1 -0.5 0.9
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.5 0.7 2.0 -1.4 0.4 -0.6 0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -0.9 1.0 0.3 0.9 1.4 0.2
Alcohol drinker status: Never 1.5 1.8 8.5 -2.2 1.1 -2.9 0.2 -0.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.8 1.1 -1.8 -0.8 1.1
Ever smoked 1.8 3.2 8.0 -1.0 -0.4 1.5 0.7 -2.1 -0.1 -2.7 2.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 -2.8
Basal metabolic rate 0.4 2.3 6.4 -2.1 -0.1 -2.5 -0.1 -1.1 -2.4 -1.8 -0.8 -1.7 0.7 0.8 1.3
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.4 1.5 4.2 -2.0 0.5 -0.3 -1.3 0.7 -0.2 0.3 -1.7 0.6 -1.7 -1.2 1.8
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.3 1.7 5.2 -1.6 -0.3 -2.3 -0.5 -0.6 -2.0 -1.0 -1.4 -1.0 0.3 0.5 1.8
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.8 0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 -0.1
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 1.4 2.1 6.0 -1.5 -1.8 -1.0 -2.4 -2.2 -1.9 -1.6 -0.6 -0.3 -1.1 -0.2 -0.0
Irritability 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.8 -1.2 0.9 -0.0 0.2 -1.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 1.0 0.9 0.5
Risk taking 0.4 0.6 2.1 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.4 0.5 -0.2 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.3
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.6 0.7 2.1 1.4 0.5 -0.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 -0.6 1.5 0.1 -0.0 -1.4
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 1.4 1.8 5.1 2.0 0.1 -0.4 0.4 1.8 -1.0 2.2 -0.2 -1.2 -0.9 -0.8 2.2
Age started oral contraceptive pill 1.4 1.7 7.8 -0.3 0.4 -0.3 1.2 0.5 0.2 1.0 -1.4 -0.3 -2.6 -2.8 1.0
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.0 3.0 14.6 -0.1 -2.2 -1.8 -3.8 -1.4 -0.2 -0.4 -1.1 1.5 -1.0 0.5 2.4
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.8 1.0 3.2 -1.7 0.6 1.5 1.4 -0.7 0.1 -1.8 -0.4 0.0 0.5 0.7 -0.6
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 1.4 1.9 5.3 0.1 2.3 1.5 2.1 2.0 0.7 1.0 -0.8 -0.1 1.1 0.8 1.5
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 3.2 3.9 10.3 -1.7 -3.2 -3.0 -0.8 -3.0 -2.4 -2.5 -1.1 -0.9 -0.1 0.8 -0.1
Myopia 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.9 -0.9 0.5 -0.1 0.4 -1.0 0.3 -0.5 -0.1 0.6 0.4 -0.0
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.8 2.1 11.8 3.4 0.4 0.1 1.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.5 -1.8 1.4 0.3 -1.0
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.5 0.8 2.3 -0.4 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 -1.1 -0.8 0.4
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.4 0.5 4.1 0.1 0.5 -0.1 -0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 2.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.5
Pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.7 2.8 1.7 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.7 0.5 1.3 -0.2 -1.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.1
Supplements: Calcium 0.8 0.9 2.0 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.2 1.4 -0.0 1.2 -0.8 1.4 0.5 -1.3
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 1.6 1.9 9.2 0.0 -0.7 -1.0 1.5 -0.8 0.4 -1.0 1.8 -3.0 0.3 -1.0 -1.8
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 5.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 -2.0 0.4 -0.4 1.4 -0.1 0.8 2.4
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 1.2 1.6 5.9 1.1 2.3 -0.3 0.7 2.4 0.0 2.1 -0.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.6
Heart disease (siblings) 0.9 1.1 3.5 -0.4 -1.0 0.7 -0.4 -1.2 0.0 -1.1 0.8 -1.8 1.2 0.4 -1.9
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.4 1.6 4.3 0.9 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.9 0.8 0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -1.1
Pack years of smoking 2.2 3.3 8.5 0.7 0.7 2.2 -1.5 2.0 1.2 2.1 -2.0 2.7 -1.3 -0.4 2.9
Impedance of whole body 1.1 5.4 18.2 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.0 1.9 2.9 0.7 4.3 1.1 1.1 -0.1 -2.9
Leg fat mass (left) 0.4 1.5 6.2 -2.5 0.2 -1.2 -1.1 -0.1 -1.0 -0.7 -1.6 -0.7 -1.0 -0.7 1.6
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.3 1.6 5.2 -1.8 -0.2 -2.3 -0.3 -0.6 -1.9 -1.2 -1.1 -0.9 0.2 0.4 1.6