Hub : Genes

HERPUD2

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.1330 0.0330 4.4e-08 0.119 0.083 0.112 0.120 0.116 2.7e-14 2.7e-10 1.5e-13 1.9e-14 5.2e-14
2 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.2700 0.0540 2.5e-11 0.210 NA 0.189 NA 0.202 1.1e-15 NA 4.0e-14 NA 4.5e-15
3 GTEx Heart Left Ventricle 0.1020 0.0423 6.1e-03 -0.005 NA -0.005 NA -0.005 8.4e-01 NA 7.8e-01 NA 9.1e-01
4 GTEx Lung 0.0810 0.0354 6.6e-03 0.041 NA 0.003 NA 0.031 4.0e-04 NA 1.8e-01 NA 2.0e-03
5 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.1569 0.0462 2.8e-05 0.040 NA 0.096 NA 0.098 7.9e-04 NA 2.7e-07 NA 1.9e-07
6 GTEx Pancreas 0.1450 0.0640 7.1e-03 -0.001 NA 0.006 NA 0.003 3.7e-01 NA 1.7e-01 NA 2.4e-01
7 GTEx Testis 0.2090 0.0670 1.0e-03 0.049 NA 0.095 NA 0.067 3.2e-03 NA 5.3e-05 NA 6.3e-04
8 METSIM Adipose 0.0468 0.0196 1.6e-03 0.019 0.012 0.019 0.015 0.020 6.4e-04 5.2e-03 6.1e-04 2.4e-03 4.8e-04
9 YFS Blood 0.0794 0.0208 1.7e-10 0.037 0.041 0.038 0.039 0.036 2.5e-12 2.8e-13 1.3e-12 1.0e-12 6.6e-12
10 TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 0.0251 0.0147 7.1e-03 0.021 0.015 -0.002 NA 0.010 1.6e-03 7.9e-03 6.0e-01 NA 2.6e-02
11 TCGA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0658 0.0339 1.3e-03 -0.001 0.018 0.020 NA 0.004 4.3e-01 3.7e-03 2.2e-03 NA 9.1e-02
12 TCGA Rectum Adenocarcinoma 0.2070 0.0910 1.4e-03 0.082 0.145 0.098 NA 0.088 5.6e-03 2.9e-04 2.8e-03 NA 4.4e-03
13 TCGA Soft Tissue Sarcoma 0.0500 0.0300 5.8e-03 0.003 0.022 0.010 NA 0.005 2.1e-01 1.7e-02 7.8e-02 NA 1.5e-01

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.4 0.7 2.7 -1.0 -0.3 0.0 0.1 1.2 -0.1 -1.5 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -1.6 -0.9 -0.5
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.8 2.0 4.4 -2.1 -1.5 0.0 -0.9 0.1 -1.7 -1.3 -1.2 -0.3 -1.7 -1.9 -1.9 -1.4
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.8 1.6 4.1 1.8 -1.7 0.0 -1.5 -1.2 -0.4 1.2 -1.1 -0.9 -1.0 0.4 -1.4 -2.0
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.7 -1.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.8 0.2 0.5 -0.5 0.4 -0.7 -0.4 -0.7 -1.2
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.5 1.4 4.5 1.0 1.2 0.0 1.3 0.1 0.6 -1.0 2.1 -1.5 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.1
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.5 2.1 1.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 0.3 1.2 -1.0 -0.3 0.2 0.7 -0.6 -0.8
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.1 2.2 4.4 -1.9 -1.7 0.0 -1.3 -0.9 -2.1 -0.5 -2.0 -0.6 -2.0 -1.2 -1.8 -1.5
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.2 0.3 1.7 -0.5 0.3 0.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.7 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.7
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.4 2.0 1.3 -0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.4 0.7 -0.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 -0.2 0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 1.3 1.5 6.1 -0.2 -1.5 0.0 -1.7 -0.5 0.7 2.5 -0.9 -0.5 -1.3 -0.6 -1.6 -1.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 -0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.7 0.5 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 1.0 -0.2 0.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 1.2 1.7 4.5 -0.4 -1.6 0.0 -2.1 -0.7 1.1 1.8 -1.5 -0.7 -1.5 0.2 -1.7 -1.3
Crohns Disease (2017) 1.0 2.2 9.1 0.2 1.8 0.0 1.8 1.2 -1.8 -3.0 1.3 0.3 1.5 -0.5 1.4 1.6
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.2 0.6 4.7 -0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 -2.2 -1.1 0.4 -0.4 0.0 -1.0 -0.0 -0.1
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.3 0.5 1.6 0.0 -0.8 0.0 -1.0 0.2 -1.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0
Major Depression (MDD) 1.0 1.2 2.9 -0.5 1.3 0.0 1.6 0.2 0.8 -1.0 1.2 1.7 0.9 -0.2 1.5 1.5
Reaction Time 0.5 0.9 2.2 -1.5 0.9 0.0 0.3 1.0 -0.2 -0.9 1.3 1.4 -0.1 -0.5 1.4 1.1
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.2 0.5 3.3 0.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.7 -0.4 0.6 -1.8 0.4 1.0 -0.2 -0.4
Breast Cancer 0.2 0.6 5.4 2.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.3 -1.2 0.7 0.2 0.3 -0.0
Ovarian Cancer 0.8 1.1 5.5 -1.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 -0.1 2.0 -1.5 -0.6 2.4 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6
Prostate Cancer 0.5 0.7 1.7 -0.9 -0.8 0.0 -0.9 -0.3 1.1 0.6 -0.4 0.4 -1.1 -1.3 -1.1 -1.0
Age at First Birth 0.3 0.5 2.9 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.3 -0.3 -0.6 0.9 1.7 0.4 -0.2 0.5 0.6
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.6 0.6 2.3 -0.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 1.5 0.2 -0.8 -1.5 1.2 -0.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.2
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 2.1 2.8 5.0 0.5 2.1 0.0 2.2 2.1 -0.1 -2.0 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.0 2.2 2.1
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 2.7 3.2 6.9 -0.2 2.1 0.0 2.6 2.1 -0.7 -2.6 1.2 1.6 2.1 0.4 2.3 2.2
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.2 1.9 3.9 0.3 1.6 0.0 1.8 1.4 -2.0 -1.9 1.5 -0.6 1.5 -0.4 1.5 1.4
Mean Putamen Volume 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.8 -0.2 -0.8 -0.9 -1.3 -0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.5
Fasting Glucose 0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.8 -0.9 0.0 -0.1 -0.7 -1.2 -0.0 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8
HbA1C 0.3 0.4 1.3 -1.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -1.0 0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4
HDL Cholesterol 0.6 1.0 4.8 0.4 -0.8 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 0.3 2.2 -0.7 1.3 -0.9 -0.1 -0.5 -0.9
LDL Cholesterol 1.2 1.9 4.1 0.3 -2.0 0.0 -1.7 -1.3 -1.4 0.0 -1.7 -0.1 -2.0 -1.1 -1.5 -1.9
Lupus 0.9 1.4 4.7 -1.7 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.2 1.3 -2.2 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.3
Neuroticism (2016) 0.4 0.6 2.6 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.5
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.7 1.0 1.9 -1.3 -1.1 0.0 -0.9 -0.4 -0.5 -1.0 -1.4 1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.3 -1.0
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.4 0.6 1.6 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 1.3 1.1 0.9 -0.9 0.1 1.0 -0.2 -0.2
Schizophrenia (2014) 1.3 2.9 5.4 -2.1 -2.0 0.0 -1.4 -1.5 -2.3 -1.1 -2.0 -1.4 -2.2 -1.3 -1.9 -1.6
Triglycerides 0.5 0.8 1.9 0.7 1.1 0.0 0.9 1.2 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 -0.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.4 0.4 2.4 -0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.5 1.1 -1.6 0.3 0.8 -0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.3
Ulcerative Colitis 0.3 0.5 2.5 -1.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.1 -1.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.0 -0.8 -1.6 -0.3 -0.5
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.0 0.3 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.1 -1.3 -0.4 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 0.6 0.3
Blood Platelet Count 0.9 10.6 27.7 1.3 -4.3 0.0 -4.6 -2.6 4.5 2.0 -1.6 -3.0 -2.8 1.5 -5.3 -4.0
Blood Red Count 0.5 4.7 8.9 1.0 2.9 0.0 2.6 2.6 -1.6 -1.1 2.1 0.6 2.7 2.2 3.0 2.9
Blood White Count 0.8 6.0 13.3 2.2 3.6 0.0 2.9 3.4 1.1 -1.0 2.5 1.4 3.4 0.9 3.0 3.0
Heel T-Score 0.3 2.5 5.3 -0.4 -2.0 0.0 -2.0 -1.6 -2.3 -0.1 -1.0 -1.8 -2.2 -0.9 -1.6 -2.2
BMI 0.2 1.0 2.8 1.7 0.8 0.0 0.4 1.1 -0.4 1.3 -1.1 -1.3 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.6
Height 0.1 2.1 6.6 2.2 1.1 0.0 0.9 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 2.0 -1.2 1.6 2.6 2.2 0.7
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.2 0.7 2.6 0.0 -1.1 0.0 -1.0 -0.7 0.9 0.4 -0.5 -1.1 -0.1 1.6 -1.2 -0.6
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.4 2.0 16.3 -0.6 -0.7 0.0 -0.0 -0.5 -4.0 0.2 0.1 -0.8 -1.1 -2.2 -0.4 -1.1
Smoking Status 0.4 1.1 7.3 0.9 -1.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.9 -2.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6 -1.4
Allergy or Eczema 0.2 0.4 3.0 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3
Cardiovascular Disease 0.9 2.9 13.7 -0.3 -1.7 0.0 -1.2 -1.1 -3.7 -0.1 -2.2 -2.1 -1.7 -0.8 -1.3 -2.0
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.8 4.0 8.9 -0.5 -2.8 0.0 -2.3 -1.7 -1.7 1.3 -3.0 -1.0 -2.4 -1.3 -2.8 -2.5
Respiratory disease 0.8 1.9 3.9 1.2 2.0 0.0 1.7 1.5 0.3 -1.2 1.3 0.5 1.7 0.8 1.7 1.9
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 3.7 7.0 14.0 0.8 -3.7 0.0 -3.5 -2.7 -1.1 3.0 -2.5 -1.9 -3.5 -0.2 -3.2 -3.7
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.4 1.9 4.5 0.9 1.8 0.0 1.7 1.8 1.0 -0.4 1.7 -0.5 1.9 0.5 2.1 1.5
Lung FVC 0.2 1.2 8.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.9 0.3 -0.8 0.8 -1.7 1.2 2.9 0.7 0.6
Neuroticism 0.3 0.6 1.9 1.2 -0.7 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 0.8 1.4 -0.5 -0.8 0.3 0.7 -0.8 -0.7
Chronotype (morning person) 0.3 0.6 3.2 -0.5 0.7 0.0 0.2 -0.2 1.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.6
Hair Pigment 0.3 7.1 13.8 -1.2 3.5 0.0 3.5 1.9 1.8 -2.1 3.3 2.7 3.2 0.7 3.7 3.7
Tanning 0.0 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 -0.4 0.1 0.3
Hand grip strength (left) 0.2 0.4 2.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.0 -0.6 1.4 0.5 1.5 0.2 -0.1 0.9 0.2 -0.2
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.6 1.0 5.3 -0.0 -1.1 0.0 -1.1 -0.6 -1.6 0.1 -2.3 -0.8 -1.0 -0.1 -0.8 -0.7
Average weekly spirits intake 1.1 1.3 6.9 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 -1.9 -2.6 -0.2 1.1 -1.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 -0.2
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.6 1.0 2.8 1.2 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.2 1.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.7
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.6 3.7 1.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.7 0.3 1.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.9
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.4 0.6 4.0 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 -0.2 -2.0 -1.0 0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.8 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8
Relative age of first facial hair 0.6 1.3 6.2 0.7 -1.0 0.0 -0.9 -1.1 2.5 0.5 -1.6 -0.3 -0.7 0.3 -1.4 -1.1
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 3.0 3.9 13.0 0.9 -2.0 0.0 -1.7 -2.8 -3.6 1.3 -2.2 -1.8 -1.8 -1.2 -1.3 -2.4
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.6 2.1 8.5 1.4 -1.5 0.0 -1.2 -1.9 -1.1 1.3 -2.9 -1.4 -0.9 0.3 -1.3 -1.4
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.2 0.3 2.1 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.7 0.2 -0.6 -1.4 -0.1 -0.5 -0.0 -0.5
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.4 1.3 13.3 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.4 -3.7 0.3 -0.6 -1.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 2.1 2.3 12.4 1.9 -1.1 0.0 -1.2 -0.9 -3.5 1.1 -1.4 -1.9 -0.8 0.1 -0.8 -1.5
Angina 2.3 3.0 6.9 -0.9 -2.3 0.0 -2.2 -2.1 -2.6 -0.4 -1.8 -1.5 -1.5 0.1 -2.4 -1.8
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 -0.8 -0.4 0.2 0.2 -0.6 0.2 0.4
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.5 0.6 4.8 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 1.2 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 0.7 -0.4
Supplements: Zinc 0.4 0.4 2.3 1.5 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.9 0.3 -0.1 0.7 -0.4 -0.7 0.2 -0.6
Medication: Co-codamol 0.5 0.5 3.5 -0.8 -0.5 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -1.9 -0.5 0.1 -0.6 -0.4 0.5 -0.1 -0.0
Medication: Metformin 0.6 0.8 1.9 0.7 -1.4 0.0 -1.0 -1.1 -0.6 1.1 -0.4 -1.0 -0.7 0.6 -1.0 -1.0
Diabetes (father) 0.9 1.2 6.0 0.1 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 -2.1 -2.4 1.2 -0.1 -1.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 -0.7
Diabetes (mother) 1.2 1.6 3.7 0.6 -1.8 0.0 -1.7 -0.4 0.3 1.1 -1.0 -1.6 -1.9 -0.7 -1.5 -1.7
Severe depression (siblings) 0.8 0.9 2.8 -1.2 -1.0 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 -0.5 -0.9 -1.7 0.2 -1.0 -0.7 -1.3 -0.6
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.6 0.9 3.1 0.6 -1.2 0.0 -1.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.7 -0.9 -1.8 -1.0 -0.7 -1.1 -0.9
Impedance of leg (right) 0.4 1.7 4.1 -0.6 -1.7 0.0 -1.6 -1.1 0.8 -0.8 -0.7 0.8 -2.0 -1.2 -1.9 -2.0
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.2 1.2 3.2 1.3 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.7 -0.8 1.2 0.5 -1.1 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.1
Trunk fat percentage 0.9 3.4 7.1 1.0 -2.3 0.0 -2.4 -1.1 -1.8 1.7 -2.7 -2.1 -1.9 1.1 -2.2 -2.0
Hand grip strength (right) 0.1 0.3 1.7 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 1.3 -0.1 0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.0 -0.5
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 1.1 1.6 3.3 0.6 -1.6 0.0 -1.8 -1.4 -1.3 1.3 -1.1 -1.6 -0.9 1.3 -1.0 -1.4
Current tobacco smoking 1.1 1.9 4.3 0.2 -1.6 0.0 -1.4 -2.1 -2.0 0.8 -0.7 -1.6 -1.4 -0.8 -1.2 -1.9
Average weekly fortified wine intake 1.5 1.7 6.8 -1.1 -1.3 0.0 -1.1 -1.3 -1.4 -0.2 -1.1 -0.1 -1.6 -2.6 -1.1 -1.6
Maternal smoking around birth 1.3 1.9 5.9 0.6 1.8 0.0 1.6 2.4 0.8 0.2 1.4 0.1 1.4 0.3 2.3 1.6
Fed-up feelings 0.3 0.5 4.4 2.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.7 -0.2 -0.8
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.8 -1.1 0.0 -0.9 -1.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 -0.9 -0.2 -0.6 -1.3
Relative age voice broke 0.2 0.4 2.9 -0.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.2 1.7 -0.1 -0.8 -0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.5
Taking other prescription medications 0.4 0.6 4.1 1.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.0 -0.3 -2.0 1.1 0.1 -0.8 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.3 0.8 2.3 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.9 1.5 0.7 -1.0 -0.7 -0.5 0.8 -0.1 1.5 1.0
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.9 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 0.4 -1.2 -0.8 -0.0 0.5 -0.3 -0.3
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.3 0.7 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.0 0.8 0.8 1.2 -0.0 0.3 -0.7 0.7 0.8 1.3 0.6
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.9 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.4
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.5 2.0 -0.5 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.1 1.4 0.4 0.2 -0.7 0.4 -1.4 0.3 0.5
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 1.9 2.3 7.3 -0.5 -1.7 0.0 -1.7 -2.0 -0.9 0.2 -2.7 -0.3 -1.9 -1.6 -1.3 -2.0
High blood pressure 1.5 4.1 11.9 0.0 -2.5 0.0 -1.9 -1.9 -3.5 0.6 -2.4 -3.3 -1.9 0.0 -1.7 -2.3
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.4 0.9 2.0 1.4 1.2 0.0 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.2
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.3 0.4 2.1 -1.4 0.2 0.0 -0.0 0.1 -0.0 -0.3 -0.2 1.3 0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.7
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 1.6 2.0 10.1 -0.3 -0.8 0.0 0.0 -1.9 -3.2 -0.2 -1.1 -1.3 -1.2 -2.2 -0.3 -1.6
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.6 0.8 3.4 -1.6 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.2 -1.9 -0.2 -1.4 0.6 -0.9 -0.5 -0.4 -0.1
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.5 0.5 1.7 -0.4 -0.9 0.0 -1.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.6 -0.8 0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.9 -0.9
Medication: Atenolol 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.5 -0.6 -1.1 -1.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.2
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.3 0.5 4.1 0.7 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.3 -2.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.3
Sitting height 0.2 1.6 3.3 1.8 1.4 0.0 1.7 0.5 -0.9 -0.1 1.7 -1.8 1.4 0.4 1.8 0.9
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.3 1.5 4.6 -1.6 -1.0 0.0 -1.2 -1.7 -0.5 2.1 -0.3 1.7 -1.2 -1.4 -0.6 -0.9
High blood pressure (mother) 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.0 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 -1.2 0.5 -0.9 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.6
Body mass index (BMI) 0.2 0.9 3.2 1.3 -0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.1 -1.8 1.1 -1.2 -1.3 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.0
Impedance of leg (left) 0.3 1.7 4.2 -0.1 -1.7 0.0 -1.7 -0.8 1.4 -0.5 -1.1 0.5 -1.8 -0.6 -2.1 -1.9
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.2 1.3 3.4 1.4 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.7 -0.7 1.1 0.5 -1.1 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.1
Trunk fat mass 0.5 2.1 3.9 1.2 -1.5 0.0 -1.6 -0.9 -1.7 1.6 -2.0 -1.9 -1.1 1.4 -1.2 -1.3
Waist circumference 0.3 1.1 2.7 0.8 -0.8 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -1.5 1.1 -1.6 -1.6 -0.4 1.5 -0.6 -0.6
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.4 0.6 3.7 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.3 -0.8 1.9 -0.0 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7
Past tobacco smoking 0.7 1.3 6.2 -0.3 -1.1 0.0 -1.3 -0.9 2.5 1.6 -0.9 -0.3 -1.0 0.1 -1.2 -0.6
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.3 0.5 1.8 -0.9 -0.0 0.0 0.3 -0.8 -1.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -1.4 0.4 -0.2
Nervous feelings 0.4 0.8 2.7 0.4 -1.2 0.0 -1.1 -0.0 0.8 -0.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.2 1.6 -1.4 -0.7
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.6 2.0 -1.3 -0.9 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.7 -1.4 -0.6
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 1.6 2.5 6.0 -1.3 -1.6 0.0 -1.5 -2.5 -2.4 0.5 -0.8 0.9 -2.2 -1.1 -1.9 -1.7
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.5 0.6 3.1 -0.4 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.4 1.8 -0.9 1.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.4
Had menopause 0.9 1.1 4.9 -1.3 -0.9 0.0 -0.3 -0.8 -2.2 -0.1 -2.1 -0.7 -0.8 -0.3 -0.8 -0.5
Had other major operations 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.6 0.2 -1.2 -0.7 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.4
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.3 1.1 6.3 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 2.0 -1.1 1.0 -1.1 0.4 2.5 0.5 0.1
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.3 0.6 4.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.9 2.1 0.3 -0.4 -1.0 0.5 0.6 -0.0 0.2
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 0.6 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 0.4 -0.5 -0.6
Qualifications: None of the above 0.4 0.8 3.9 1.4 0.0 0.0 -0.2 2.0 -0.8 1.0 -0.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.6 0.2
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 2.2 3.0 7.6 0.4 2.1 0.0 1.6 1.3 0.0 -2.5 2.8 1.6 1.4 0.8 2.6 2.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.3 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.5 -0.2 0.9 0.6
Heart attack 0.5 0.6 3.0 0.9 -0.6 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 -1.0 -1.7 -0.5 -1.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.8
Allergy 0.6 1.3 2.7 -1.6 -1.6 0.0 -1.4 -1.3 0.1 -0.5 -1.2 -0.3 -1.4 -0.5 -1.6 -1.2
Pain all over the body in last month 0.8 0.9 5.1 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.7 1.6 -1.1 -0.6 -0.8 0.3 2.3 -0.7 0.3
Diabetes (self-reported) 4.1 6.3 12.5 1.0 -3.5 0.0 -3.5 -2.5 -2.0 2.3 -2.7 -2.6 -2.6 1.1 -2.9 -3.3
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 1.4 1.8 4.7 0.6 2.1 0.0 1.6 1.0 0.9 -0.9 1.7 0.3 1.5 0.6 2.2 1.8
Medication: Ramipril 1.2 1.6 3.2 0.9 1.3 0.0 1.4 0.6 -0.1 -1.5 1.4 0.3 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7
Medication: Simvastatin 0.5 0.7 3.5 0.0 -0.9 0.0 -0.9 -0.3 -1.9 0.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1
Fluid intelligence score 0.3 0.6 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.6 -0.3 1.3 -1.0 1.4 -1.3 0.1 -0.6 0.1 0.0
Illnesses of siblings 1.3 1.8 7.1 0.9 1.9 0.0 1.7 0.6 0.5 -0.1 2.7 1.3 1.4 -0.3 1.9 1.3
Neuroticism score 0.2 0.4 1.4 1.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.8 0.6 -0.7 -0.3 0.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.5
Weight 0.2 0.9 3.7 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 -1.4 1.1 -0.4 -1.3 0.6 1.9 0.6 0.3
Impedance of arm (right) 0.9 4.1 9.2 -0.6 -3.0 0.0 -2.9 -2.3 -0.2 0.1 -1.6 -0.8 -3.0 -0.9 -3.0 -3.0
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.5 1.9 3.6 0.7 -1.5 0.0 -1.5 -1.1 -1.9 1.4 -1.9 -1.8 -1.2 1.1 -1.4 -1.3
Trunk fat-free mass 0.6 3.2 8.0 0.7 2.5 0.0 2.3 1.1 -0.3 -0.2 2.3 -0.0 2.5 1.5 2.8 2.4
Hip circumference 0.2 1.0 4.0 0.8 -0.8 0.0 -0.8 -0.7 -2.0 0.6 -1.7 -1.3 -0.8 0.6 -0.6 -0.9
Time employed in main current job 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 -0.0 -0.1 -0.8 -0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.5 0.1
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.8 1.2 5.0 1.6 -0.5 0.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4 2.2 -1.7 -0.9 -0.6 -1.1 -0.6 -1.2
Father’s age at death 0.6 0.8 4.0 -2.0 -0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.6 -0.6 -1.0 0.4 1.9 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.3
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.3 0.6 3.2 1.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.2 1.8 0.5 -1.0 -0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.4 -0.3
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.6 2.0 -0.8 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -1.1 -0.6 -0.9 -1.4 -1.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.1
Falls in the last year 0.3 0.4 3.5 0.8 -0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.5 -1.9 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.8 1.1 5.3 -2.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.3 0.5 -0.9 -2.3 -0.7 -0.3
Number of live births 1.3 1.8 5.3 -1.6 -1.6 0.0 -1.6 0.0 0.7 2.0 -2.3 -0.4 -1.2 0.2 -1.8 -1.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.5 1.8 6.4 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.6 2.0 -1.9 1.4 -1.4 1.4 2.5 1.1 1.0
Pulse rate 1.4 2.4 8.4 1.7 1.8 0.0 1.9 0.8 0.8 -1.7 2.9 -0.7 2.2 0.3 1.2 1.3
Happiness 0.7 0.9 2.4 0.3 -1.4 0.0 -1.5 -1.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.8 -0.3 -1.3 0.0 -1.1 -1.5
Noisy workplace 0.6 0.7 6.4 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.5 -0.2 -2.5 -0.0 -0.3 0.6 0.3 -0.9 1.1 0.2
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 1.1 2.5 5.0 -1.7 -1.8 0.0 -1.7 -2.2 1.0 -1.6 -0.5 0.6 -2.2 -1.4 -2.1 -1.8
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 1.7 1.9 6.0 -1.7 -1.3 0.0 -0.8 -1.4 -2.4 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -1.2 -2.3 -1.6 -1.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.6 1.0 1.8 0.1 -1.1 0.0 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3 1.4 -0.7 -0.6 -1.1 0.1 -1.2 -1.0
Asthma 1.3 2.7 5.1 1.6 2.2 0.0 2.2 1.7 0.5 -1.0 1.8 -0.1 2.2 1.1 2.1 2.0
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.7 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 0.1
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.8 -0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -1.1 -1.2 -0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.4
Depression (self-reported) 0.8 0.9 4.5 2.1 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 -1.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.4
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.4 1.6 3.5 -0.0 -1.6 0.0 -1.8 -0.4 -1.8 -0.6 -1.8 0.1 -1.9 0.4 -1.0 -1.7
Prospective memory result 0.8 0.9 1.8 0.7 1.3 0.0 1.1 1.2 -1.2 -0.1 0.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1 1.4 1.1
Lung cancer (father) 0.5 0.6 4.0 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.8 -0.9 2.0 0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 0.9 -0.4 -0.2
Illnesses of mother 0.3 0.4 1.6 1.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.5 1.2 -0.1 -0.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.9 2.9 6.5 1.2 1.6 0.0 1.4 1.4 2.2 -2.0 1.9 -0.7 2.2 2.5 2.0 1.6
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.3 0.3 1.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 -0.5 0.3 0.6 1.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3
Impedance of arm (left) 1.0 4.4 10.0 -0.7 -3.2 0.0 -3.0 -1.9 0.1 -0.1 -1.7 -0.7 -3.1 -1.5 -3.1 -3.1
Arm fat mass (right) 0.3 1.1 2.8 1.1 -0.7 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -1.7 1.2 -1.3 -1.6 -0.4 1.6 -0.5 -0.5
Trunk predicted mass 0.6 3.2 8.0 0.8 2.6 0.0 2.3 1.1 -0.3 -0.1 2.3 -0.0 2.5 1.5 2.8 2.4
Standing height 0.1 1.1 3.5 1.0 1.1 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.5 -0.2 1.9 -0.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.9
Length of working week for main job 2.7 2.9 5.7 1.2 2.2 0.0 1.8 2.1 2.0 -1.1 1.4 -0.7 2.2 0.9 2.4 2.3
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.6 0.7 2.0 -0.2 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.4 1.4 1.3 1.0
Breastfed as a baby 0.3 0.4 2.8 -0.5 -0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.2 -0.9 1.7 -0.6 0.2 -0.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.1
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.6 1.0 2.6 -0.0 1.3 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.4 -0.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 -0.2 1.3 1.5
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.7 1.0 5.7 1.3 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 -0.7 -1.0 0.8 -1.2 -2.4 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.9
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.3 0.8 6.0 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 1.6 0.2 -0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 2.4 -0.6 0.3
Birth weight of first child 0.4 0.7 1.7 0.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.5 -1.2 1.3 -1.2 0.2 -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -0.8
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.4 1.0 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 -1.3 0.9 -0.7 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.1
Pulse wave reflection index 0.6 0.8 1.8 -1.0 -0.9 0.0 -1.1 -0.2 -0.5 1.3 -0.7 0.2 -1.0 -1.3 -0.9 -0.9
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.1 1.3 2.5 -1.5 -1.4 0.0 -1.6 -0.5 -0.6 1.3 -1.6 0.5 -1.2 1.1 -1.4 -0.7
Loud music exposure frequency 0.5 0.5 2.3 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.7 0.1 1.1 -0.0 -0.3 1.5 -1.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.4
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.9 1.5 6.1 -1.7 0.3 0.0 0.6 -1.5 1.2 -2.2 0.6 0.9 -0.3 -2.5 -0.5 0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.7 0.9 6.2 -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.5 -1.6 -2.5 0.2 -0.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.2 0.7
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.4 0.5 1.7 -0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.4 -1.1 0.2 1.1 0.9 -0.7 -1.3 0.5 -0.1
Medication: Paracetamol 0.4 0.7 3.5 -0.4 -0.8 0.0 -1.3 -0.2 1.9 0.1 -1.1 -0.4 -0.8 0.6 -0.4 -0.6
Headache pain in last month 1.1 1.9 5.3 -0.8 -1.5 0.0 -1.6 -0.8 1.4 1.4 -1.6 -0.5 -2.3 -1.4 -1.5 -1.6
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.2 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.6 -0.4 -0.0 0.4 1.3 0.9 -0.2 -1.2 0.5 0.1
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.0 1.2 5.9 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.7 1.1 -0.6 -0.8 0.8 2.0 0.2 0.1
Gout (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 1.7 -0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -1.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.4
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.9 1.8 5.3 0.2 -1.8 0.0 -1.3 -1.2 -1.8 0.5 -2.3 -1.3 -1.1 -0.7 -1.6 -1.5
Medication: Amlodipine 0.2 0.3 1.8 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.9 -0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.8 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 1.5 1.9 4.6 -0.5 1.8 0.0 1.6 1.2 1.1 -0.1 1.6 1.2 2.1 1.5 0.9 2.1
Birth weight 0.6 1.4 4.4 -1.1 -1.4 0.0 -1.6 -2.1 -0.5 -1.3 1.0 0.4 -1.2 -0.1 -1.4 -1.2
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 1.1 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.7 1.0 4.0 -1.4 -1.3 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.9 -2.0 -0.5 -1.1 -0.4 -1.2 -1.0
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.4 1.5 5.9 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.7 2.4 -1.1 1.2 -0.4 1.3 2.4 1.0 0.6
Body fat percentage 0.8 3.3 7.1 1.0 -2.2 0.0 -2.2 -1.1 -1.8 1.9 -2.7 -2.0 -1.9 1.0 -2.1 -2.0
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.4 1.5 3.4 1.0 -1.3 0.0 -1.3 -0.4 -1.7 1.5 -1.9 -1.2 -1.2 0.9 -1.1 -1.2
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.4 2.2 5.0 1.0 1.9 0.0 1.7 1.2 -0.4 0.3 1.0 -0.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.0
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 3.6 4.8 10.4 2.5 2.4 0.0 1.6 3.2 1.0 -0.1 2.6 -0.4 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.5
Comparative body size at age 10 0.4 1.2 3.5 -0.6 -1.0 0.0 -0.4 -1.3 -0.7 1.0 -0.6 -1.6 -0.7 -1.9 -1.5 -1.3
Number of full brothers 0.8 1.0 2.3 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.8 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 -0.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.9
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.5 0.9 2.1 -0.9 0.5 0.0 1.1 0.8 1.5 -1.1 -0.5 -0.7 1.3 1.0 -0.3 1.2
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.4 0.5 2.3 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -1.3 -1.5 -0.1 0.4 1.5 0.1 -0.0
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.4 0.7 2.3 1.3 1.2 0.0 1.0 0.2 -0.7 -0.5 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.1
Number of children fathered 0.6 0.7 3.2 -0.4 0.6 0.0 0.4 1.0 1.8 -1.4 1.3 0.5 0.4 -0.0 0.1 0.8
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.2 -0.9 -0.7 0.5 -0.8 0.9 -0.0 1.0 0.2
Age at first live birth 0.6 1.0 7.3 -0.4 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.5 -2.7 1.4 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.8
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.3 0.3 2.2 -0.6 0.1 0.0 0.7 -0.3 -0.7 -1.5 -0.6 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.4
Health satisfaction 1.1 1.4 4.1 -0.4 -1.3 0.0 -1.4 -0.2 -2.0 0.3 -2.0 -1.2 -1.3 -0.3 -1.0 -1.2
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.9 1.1 8.9 -1.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 -3.0 -1.4 0.2 0.9 -0.7 -1.1 0.1 -0.1
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.4 1.2 8.4 0.1 1.0 0.0 1.3 0.7 -0.4 -2.9 1.5 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.8
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.5 0.6 3.0 -0.3 -0.9 0.0 -0.7 0.1 1.7 -0.0 -0.0 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -1.1 -0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.7 0.9 1.8 0.9 -1.3 0.0 -1.1 0.1 -0.4 1.3 0.7 -1.3 -0.4 0.7 -1.3 -1.1
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.4 0.5 1.9 1.2 -0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -1.4 0.9 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 -0.7 0.1 -0.4
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.9 1.6 3.8 -0.4 1.7 0.0 1.7 1.1 0.4 -1.0 2.0 1.1 1.8 0.5 1.0 1.8
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.1 0.2 1.1 -0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.0 -0.0 0.6 -0.6 1.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.3 -0.1
Medication: Blood pressure 0.5 0.9 2.9 -0.6 -1.3 0.0 -1.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -1.7 -1.5 -0.6 0.8 -1.0 -0.6
Angina (self-reported) 2.9 3.9 7.7 -1.2 -2.5 0.0 -2.3 -2.4 -2.8 -0.2 -2.2 -1.8 -1.8 -0.2 -2.8 -2.1
Migraine (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 2.4 -0.0 -0.6 0.0 -0.9 0.2 1.0 1.5 -1.3 -0.5 -0.8 0.4 -0.3 -0.6
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 -0.6 -0.1 -0.8 0.2 -0.9 -1.0 0.2 -0.2
Medication: Allopurinol 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.1
Medication: Omeprazole 1.0 1.2 4.2 -1.6 -0.7 0.0 -0.6 -1.0 -1.6 -0.0 -2.0 -0.1 -1.1 -1.8 -0.4 -0.7
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 1.1 1.3 3.1 1.4 1.2 0.0 1.3 -0.8 0.2 -0.9 1.8 -1.4 1.5 0.9 0.8 1.2
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.2 0.4 0.9 -0.9 0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.8 -0.9 0.4 0.4 0.9 -0.5 0.1 0.8 0.3
Heart disease (mother) 0.3 0.3 2.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.8 0.3 -1.4 -0.4 -0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.9 1.0 4.1 -2.0 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 -1.8 0.1 1.0 -0.3 -1.8 -0.1 0.5
Whole body fat mass 0.4 1.8 3.6 1.4 -1.1 0.0 -1.3 -0.7 -1.7 1.9 -1.9 -1.7 -0.8 1.6 -0.9 -1.0
Leg fat mass (right) 0.3 1.1 3.7 1.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 -1.6 1.9 -1.5 -1.2 -0.4 1.5 -0.5 -0.5
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.4 2.1 4.9 0.9 2.0 0.0 1.7 1.3 -0.3 0.5 1.1 -0.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.6 2.1 9.2 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 -1.0 1.1 -1.5 3.0 -1.8 1.4 2.6 0.0 0.2
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.6 -0.1 0.8 0.3 -0.7 0.3 0.4
Comparative height size at age 10 0.1 0.8 3.6 -0.4 -0.9 0.0 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 1.9 -0.4 -0.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.8 -1.1
Number of full sisters 0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.1 -1.2 0.0 -1.2 -0.2 1.0 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 -0.9 0.1 -1.1 -1.0
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.3
Overall health rating 1.7 3.7 10.7 0.6 -1.9 0.0 -1.7 -2.9 -3.3 1.0 -2.0 -2.7 -2.0 -0.9 -1.2 -2.1
Chest pain or discomfort 1.2 1.7 13.2 0.6 0.7 0.0 1.0 1.1 -3.6 -1.5 0.4 -0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8
Had major operations 0.3 0.4 1.2 -1.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -1.1 -0.6 0.0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5
Age at last live birth 1.0 1.5 5.0 -0.1 1.4 0.0 1.3 0.7 0.0 -2.2 1.7 0.0 1.7 1.0 1.4 1.4
Family relationship satisfaction 0.8 1.0 2.5 0.1 -1.3 0.0 -1.4 -1.5 -1.6 -0.5 -0.7 -0.2 -1.3 -0.2 -1.0 -1.3
Leg pain on walking 2.2 2.8 5.4 -1.6 -2.0 0.0 -2.1 -1.9 -1.8 1.1 -2.3 -0.6 -2.0 -0.5 -1.8 -2.0
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.2 0.3 1.1 -1.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.0 -0.5 0.6 -0.4 0.2 0.1 -0.8 0.4 0.6
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.5 0.6 3.5 -1.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 1.9 1.2 -0.0 -0.3 0.8 0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.4
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.6 0.8 4.7 -1.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 1.1 2.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 0.3
Medication: Aspirin 2.6 3.5 9.8 -0.7 -2.3 0.0 -2.1 -1.2 -3.1 0.3 -2.1 -1.4 -2.1 -1.4 -2.1 -2.5
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.3 0.3 1.0 -1.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 -0.1 -1.0 -0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.7 0.6
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.6 2.5 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.1 -1.1 0.5 1.6 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.6
Hypertension (Self-reported) 1.0 2.7 8.7 0.1 -1.9 0.0 -1.3 -1.5 -3.0 0.2 -2.2 -2.8 -1.4 -0.2 -1.2 -1.8
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 1.2 1.4 3.6 0.2 1.4 0.0 1.4 1.9 -0.3 -1.3 -0.6 0.7 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.8
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.6 0.9 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.0 1.1 0.7 -0.7 -0.7 0.6 -1.4 1.0 0.5 1.4 0.7
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 2.0 2.4 7.4 -0.2 -2.0 0.0 -1.9 -0.6 0.3 2.1 -1.6 -2.7 -0.8 1.6 -2.2 -1.0
Smoking status: Previous 1.1 1.7 3.7 -0.5 1.4 0.0 1.5 1.9 -1.7 -1.8 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.4 1.3 1.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.2 0.5 2.1 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.8 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 1.3 -0.2 0.4 -1.4 0.9 0.3
Whole body fat-free mass 0.4 2.5 5.9 1.2 2.1 0.0 1.9 1.1 -0.4 0.5 1.6 -0.6 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.0
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.3 1.5 4.7 1.5 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.9 -0.3 1.3 0.4 -1.3 1.5 2.2 1.4 1.2
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.6 2.3 4.7 0.5 -1.8 0.0 -1.7 -1.1 -2.0 1.5 -2.2 -1.9 -1.5 0.6 -1.7 -1.5
Average weekly red wine intake 0.5 0.7 1.5 -0.3 -1.1 0.0 -0.5 -1.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.9 -1.2 -0.9 -0.1 -1.0 -1.2
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.9 1.1 4.9 -1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.3 0.2 -1.7 1.0 2.2 0.3 1.7 -0.4 0.5
Mood swings 0.2 0.4 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.7 -1.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.7 0.1
Loneliness, isolation 1.0 1.4 3.3 0.7 -1.7 0.0 -1.4 -1.6 -0.6 0.9 -1.1 -0.7 -1.3 -0.5 -1.4 -1.8
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 1.8 2.7 8.6 1.3 -1.7 0.0 -1.8 -2.9 -2.2 1.3 -1.0 -2.6 -1.1 0.4 -0.9 -1.7
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.8 1.0 3.4 0.4 0.9 0.0 1.1 1.8 -0.1 0.1 0.3 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.6 1.0
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 3.4 5.6 11.5 1.1 -3.4 0.0 -3.2 -2.5 -1.9 2.3 -1.9 -2.4 -2.6 0.6 -2.7 -3.3
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.9 -0.9 0.0 -0.9 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.8 -0.7
Friendships satisfaction 1.7 2.2 6.1 0.5 -2.0 0.0 -1.6 -2.5 -1.3 0.5 -1.2 -1.6 -1.6 -0.3 -1.8 -1.9
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 2.1 3.3 7.8 0.7 2.4 0.0 2.8 0.5 1.7 -2.4 2.2 1.5 1.9 -0.9 2.2 1.9
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 1.1 1.2 7.8 1.2 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 -1.6 -0.5 -1.1 -0.5 -2.8 -0.3 -0.4 -0.7 -0.7
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.9 1.1 2.4 -0.9 1.4 0.0 1.4 -0.1 -1.1 -1.1 1.0 1.3 0.7 -0.2 1.5 1.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.4 0.6 6.0 0.9 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 2.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.0
Medication for cholesterol 1.1 1.6 6.0 0.7 1.6 0.0 1.2 0.5 2.4 -0.5 1.7 0.4 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.4
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.4 0.4 2.1 1.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.7 1.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.4 0.5 -0.2 -0.3
Back pain experienced in last month 0.8 1.1 2.8 1.0 -0.8 0.0 -0.9 -1.5 -0.0 1.0 -1.4 -1.7 -0.8 -1.1 -0.3 -1.4
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.7 0.9 3.9 0.9 1.0 0.0 1.5 -0.5 0.2 -0.4 2.0 0.5 0.5 -1.4 1.2 0.3
Breast cancer (self-reported) 1.3 1.5 3.6 -0.1 -1.5 0.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.9 0.3 -1.4 -0.4 -1.8 -1.3 -1.4 -1.7
Asthma (self-reported) 1.2 2.4 5.3 1.6 2.2 0.0 2.3 1.6 0.5 -1.0 1.7 0.1 2.1 0.4 2.0 1.9
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.9 -1.0 -0.7 0.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 1.0 -1.4 0.4 -0.5 0.7 -0.3 -0.2
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.9 -1.0 -0.1 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.8
Medication: Aspirin 2.5 3.3 7.6 -0.6 -2.4 0.0 -2.2 -1.0 -2.8 0.1 -2.2 -1.1 -2.2 -0.9 -2.2 -2.5
Medication: Gliclazide 1.3 1.4 3.6 -0.3 -1.6 0.0 -1.8 -0.8 -1.3 0.2 -1.9 -0.4 -1.6 0.4 -1.4 -1.2
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.7 0.9 7.7 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.9 2.8 -0.4 0.9 1.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.0
Smoking status: Current 1.4 2.3 5.7 0.5 -1.7 0.0 -1.6 -2.4 -2.0 1.3 -0.8 -1.8 -1.5 -0.7 -1.2 -2.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.4 0.8 1.8 -0.8 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 -1.3 0.4 -0.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3
Whole body water mass 0.4 2.3 5.2 1.0 2.0 0.0 1.7 1.0 -0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.6 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.9
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.3 1.5 4.7 1.5 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.8 -0.4 1.3 0.4 -1.3 1.5 2.2 1.4 1.2
Arm fat mass (left) 0.3 1.2 4.1 0.9 -0.8 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -2.0 1.3 -1.5 -1.6 -0.5 1.4 -0.7 -0.6
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.7 1.2 2.8 1.7 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 -1.7 1.7 -1.3 -1.6 -0.0 1.4 0.1 -0.4
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 1.7 2.3 5.5 -0.3 2.0 0.0 2.0 1.7 0.7 -2.4 1.7 0.8 1.1 -1.5 1.8 1.6
Miserableness 1.0 1.7 3.5 1.1 -1.7 0.0 -1.9 -1.7 -0.7 1.3 -1.3 -1.0 -1.3 0.2 -1.4 -1.8
Guilty feelings 0.3 0.5 2.3 -0.4 -0.0 0.0 0.3 -0.2 1.1 -0.8 -1.2 0.1 0.8 1.5 0.0 0.4
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.3 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.7
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 2.6 2.9 7.5 0.1 2.3 0.0 2.6 2.3 0.5 -2.7 0.9 1.6 1.3 -0.6 1.8 1.8
Hearing aid user 0.8 0.9 3.3 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.4 -1.2 -1.7 -0.2 1.1 0.0 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.0
Mother’s age at death 0.8 1.0 3.0 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.7 -0.4 1.7 -1.7 1.6 0.9 0.8 -0.4 0.5 0.7
Financial situation satisfaction 1.2 1.5 4.7 0.3 -1.0 0.0 -1.4 -1.6 -2.2 1.5 -0.8 -1.4 -1.2 -0.7 -0.9 -1.2
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 1.2 1.4 5.6 -1.4 0.7 0.0 0.5 -0.0 1.0 -2.4 1.8 1.0 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.0
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 1.8 2.2 8.5 2.9 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.7 0.9 -0.5 -2.7 1.5 2.8 0.5 0.3
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 1.7 2.0 7.0 2.4 1.0 0.0 0.8 0.7 1.9 1.5 -0.2 -0.8 1.6 2.6 1.1 1.1
Medication: Blood pressure 1.5 2.9 9.8 0.3 -2.0 0.0 -1.5 -1.8 -3.1 0.8 -1.9 -2.0 -1.8 -0.7 -1.4 -2.0
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.9 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.3 -1.2 0.8 -0.6 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.2
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.9 1.1 7.3 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 1.2 0.9 0.0 -1.8 -0.8 0.7 2.7 -0.1 0.4
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.8 1.3 4.6 0.6 -1.3 0.0 -1.3 0.1 -1.9 1.2 -2.1 -1.1 -0.5 -0.0 -1.1 -1.3
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 1.0 1.6 3.6 -0.9 -1.5 0.0 -1.1 -1.5 -1.5 0.3 -1.9 -0.7 -1.9 -1.2 -1.1 -1.3
Medication: Paracetamol 0.4 0.5 1.5 -1.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 0.8 -0.6 -1.2 -0.1 -0.9 -0.9 -0.2 -0.4
Medication: Lisinopril 1.3 1.7 4.5 -1.5 -2.1 0.0 -1.6 -0.9 -0.7 -0.0 -1.2 -0.4 -1.5 0.1 -2.0 -1.7
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.8 1.0 5.5 1.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 0.3 -1.0 0.6 -0.4 -1.1 0.4 2.3 -0.0 -0.3
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.9 1.1 4.1 0.4 -1.1 0.0 -0.6 -1.0 -2.0 0.3 -1.2 -2.0 -0.3 0.6 -0.7 -0.9
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 -0.3 1.3 -1.2 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.3
Ever smoked 0.5 0.9 9.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 -3.0 -1.4 0.0 -0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.0 -0.3
Basal metabolic rate 0.3 1.9 4.2 1.4 1.6 0.0 1.4 0.9 -0.6 0.7 1.1 -0.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.6
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.4 1.6 4.2 1.2 -1.2 0.0 -1.2 -0.2 -1.6 1.5 -2.0 -1.4 -1.0 1.1 -1.1 -1.1
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.5 2.6 5.7 1.5 2.0 0.0 1.8 1.0 -0.7 0.4 1.2 -0.6 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.0
Number of operations (self-reported) 1.1 1.7 5.2 -0.2 -1.1 0.0 -0.4 -2.0 -1.3 -0.5 -1.4 -1.5 -1.2 -2.3 -0.7 -1.7
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 1.4 2.0 4.1 0.7 1.9 0.0 1.8 1.5 0.0 -1.4 2.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 2.0 1.8
Irritability 1.1 1.9 4.1 -0.1 -2.0 0.0 -1.8 -1.6 -0.6 1.0 -1.7 -0.2 -1.6 -0.7 -2.0 -1.9
Risk taking 0.2 0.3 2.0 0.4 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5 1.4 0.2 -0.7
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.7 -0.1 -0.6 1.0 0.3 -0.8 0.1 0.1
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.5 0.6 4.1 -0.8 -0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -2.0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.8 -0.0 -0.7 0.4 0.1
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.6 0.8 2.6 -0.9 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.5 -1.5 -1.5 -0.4 1.6 -0.6 -1.0 0.2 -0.0
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.1 3.3 21.1 2.0 -0.7 0.0 -0.1 1.5 -3.1 -0.2 -0.1 -4.6 0.4 2.2 -0.2 -0.4
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.2 -0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.8 0.8 1.1 -0.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 -0.1
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.4 0.5 2.9 -0.7 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -1.7 -0.8 -0.6
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.8 -0.0 0.6 -0.2 1.0 0.2 -0.4 0.1 0.4
Myopia 0.7 1.0 4.4 -1.3 0.1 0.0 0.7 1.1 2.1 -1.5 -1.2 0.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.3 0.5
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 1.2 3.3 11.0 -0.1 2.2 0.0 1.7 1.6 3.3 -0.0 2.2 2.8 1.5 -0.3 1.5 2.1
Cholesterol lowering medication 2.0 3.0 8.7 0.7 -2.2 0.0 -2.1 -0.6 -3.0 1.9 -1.6 -1.5 -1.8 0.3 -1.8 -2.1
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 1.4 1.7 5.2 -1.6 -1.4 0.0 -1.2 -0.9 -1.2 0.3 -2.3 -0.4 -1.5 -1.7 -1.1 -1.3
Pain experienced in last month 0.2 0.4 3.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.2 -1.9 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2
Supplements: Calcium 1.3 1.4 6.0 -0.9 1.1 0.0 0.6 0.8 1.9 -0.3 0.9 2.4 1.4 -0.0 0.8 1.5
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 1.9 2.2 5.8 -1.8 -1.7 0.0 -1.8 -1.3 1.5 0.2 -1.4 -0.4 -1.6 -1.7 -2.4 -1.5
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 3.4 0.9 -0.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.9 -1.9 -0.6 -1.1 -0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.8
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 2.1 -0.7 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.8 -1.1 -0.3 1.2 1.2 -0.5 -1.4 0.6 0.1
Heart disease (siblings) 3.3 4.0 7.2 0.1 -2.7 0.0 -2.4 -2.0 -2.4 0.6 -2.2 -2.7 -2.1 -0.4 -2.7 -2.5
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.1 1.2 2.7 -0.8 1.3 0.0 1.3 1.6 0.7 -0.7 0.4 1.5 1.0 -1.6 0.9 1.4
Pack years of smoking 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.4 -0.9 0.0 -1.0 0.1 0.6 -0.8 -0.4 -1.5 -0.8 -1.0 -0.9 -0.7
Impedance of whole body 0.6 3.1 7.4 -0.1 -2.6 0.0 -2.5 -1.6 0.7 -0.3 -1.3 -0.4 -2.7 -0.8 -2.6 -2.7
Leg fat mass (left) 0.3 1.2 3.8 1.3 -0.7 0.0 -0.7 -0.0 -1.5 1.9 -1.6 -1.3 -0.4 1.4 -0.5 -0.6
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.5 2.6 5.8 1.6 2.0 0.0 1.7 1.0 -0.7 0.6 1.2 -0.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 1.9