Hub : Genes

HP

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.9092 0.0249 3.8e-10 0.031 NA 0.028 NA 0.028 1.6e-03 NA 2.5e-03 NA 2.5e-03
2 GTEx Heart Left Ventricle 0.1357 0.1298 9.4e-03 0.035 NA 0.018 NA 0.029 6.0e-03 NA 3.5e-02 NA 1.1e-02
3 GTEx Small Intestine Terminal Ileum 0.7410 0.0940 3.8e-04 -0.004 NA 0.055 NA -0.010 4.1e-01 NA 2.3e-02 NA 6.0e-01
4 METSIM Adipose 0.0902 0.0292 1.5e-11 0.096 0.089 0.069 0.087 0.089 3.4e-14 2.9e-13 1.8e-10 5.5e-13 3.5e-13
5 NTR Blood 0.1820 0.0358 0.0e+00 0.073 0.142 0.155 0.142 0.153 1.8e-22 2.1e-43 1.0e-47 2.4e-43 7.7e-47
6 YFS Blood 0.4178 0.0493 0.0e+00 0.262 0.357 0.376 0.371 0.374 1.7e-85 2.8e-123 2.3e-131 2.2e-129 1.8e-130
7 TCGA Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0181 0.0111 3.3e-03 0.008 0.016 0.007 NA 0.011 3.5e-02 5.9e-03 5.5e-02 NA 1.9e-02
8 TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 0.0248 0.0152 8.9e-04 0.004 0.022 0.005 NA 0.007 9.9e-02 1.5e-03 8.6e-02 NA 5.3e-02
9 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.5963 0.0673 0.0e+00 0.415 0.395 0.405 NA 0.411 7.4e-51 1.0e-47 2.4e-49 NA 3.8e-50
10 TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma 0.1389 0.0678 2.2e-12 0.082 0.108 0.095 NA 0.105 8.4e-10 1.4e-12 3.4e-11 NA 2.6e-12
11 TCGA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0563 0.0273 3.6e-05 0.042 0.049 0.044 NA 0.043 1.4e-05 3.1e-06 9.0e-06 NA 1.1e-05
12 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.0520 0.0284 2.6e-05 0.038 0.036 0.034 NA 0.034 7.6e-05 9.8e-05 1.8e-04 NA 1.5e-04
13 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.5240 0.0850 0.0e+00 0.126 0.193 0.222 NA 0.223 3.0e-12 1.5e-18 2.7e-21 NA 1.9e-21

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.5 0.8 3.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 -0.5 -0.3 0.2 0.6 -1.0 0.4 1.1
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.7 1.6 4.9 -1.1 -0.5 0.0 1.9 2.2 2.1 0.2 0.8 -0.8 1.5 -0.0 1.3 1.1
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.5 1.0 4.2 0.6 1.6 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -2.0 -1.4 1.2 -0.7 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.3 0.9 0.0 0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 0.2 0.2 -0.6 -0.5
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.9 2.9 12.4 3.1 -0.7 0.0 -0.5 0.8 0.5 -1.6 -1.0 -3.5 -1.1 -2.4 1.6 -1.0
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.4 1.3 0.3 1.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -1.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.0 -1.0
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.7 1.4 2.8 -1.7 -1.0 0.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.7 1.2 -1.2 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.5
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.4 0.5 1.6 -1.3 -1.0 0.0 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.5 0.8 -0.8 0.5 1.2 0.6 -0.2
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.6 1.4 3.9 1.3 -0.9 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.2 -2.0 1.6 1.9 1.5 -0.6
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 1.7 2.0 4.1 -0.6 0.9 0.0 -2.0 -1.9 -1.5 -1.1 -1.6 -0.7 -1.9 -1.1 -1.7 -1.9
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.4 0.5 2.3 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.8 -0.7 0.2 -0.5 -1.5
Crohns Disease (2017) 1.8 3.9 11.9 -2.2 -2.2 0.0 1.9 0.3 0.7 3.5 2.9 -1.3 1.9 2.6 1.9 -0.9
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 2.0 4.8 12.3 -2.0 -3.1 0.0 2.4 1.4 1.9 3.5 2.9 -2.2 2.0 1.9 2.1 -0.1
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 1.5 2.9 6.8 -1.1 -2.6 0.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.8 -1.9 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.1
Major Depression (MDD) 0.6 0.7 2.2 0.2 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.2 -1.3 -1.3 0.5 -0.8 -1.5 -0.9 0.2
Reaction Time 0.4 0.8 2.5 1.0 -0.3 0.0 0.5 1.6 1.5 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -1.5 0.8 0.9
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.5 1.2 7.0 1.3 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.8 -0.1 -2.6 -0.3 -0.9 1.8 -0.5
Breast Cancer 1.0 2.3 7.8 0.8 1.5 0.0 -2.8 -2.3 -2.4 -1.1 -1.3 0.6 -1.1 0.2 -1.6 -0.9
Ovarian Cancer 0.3 0.4 2.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 -1.1 -1.5 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 0.1 -0.0 0.0 -0.6 0.3
Prostate Cancer 0.5 0.6 2.1 1.5 -0.6 0.0 0.7 -0.8 -0.3 0.9 1.0 -0.2 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.4
Age at First Birth 0.5 0.7 2.4 -0.5 -0.9 0.0 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.1 -1.5 -0.0 -0.9 1.5 -0.4
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.3 0.3 2.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.4 0.5 -0.1 0.1 1.0
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 2.9 3.9 10.3 -0.4 2.5 0.0 -1.8 -2.0 -2.2 -1.7 -2.1 2.9 -2.2 -0.9 -3.2 -0.8
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 4.9 5.8 10.6 -0.1 3.3 0.0 -3.3 -1.8 -2.2 -2.8 -3.1 2.3 -2.8 -1.9 -3.1 -1.4
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.0 1.6 7.3 -2.7 -0.5 0.0 0.8 -0.1 0.1 1.8 1.3 -0.6 0.7 1.5 1.0 -2.0
Mean Putamen Volume 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.4 0.6 0.0 -1.3 -1.3 -1.0 0.1 -0.0 0.5 -0.1 0.6 -0.9 -0.1
Fasting Glucose 0.9 1.0 2.5 0.7 -1.2 0.0 0.9 -0.0 0.0 1.4 1.5 -0.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.7
HbA1C 0.5 0.5 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.0 -0.6 -0.2 1.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.0 1.0
HDL Cholesterol 0.5 0.8 3.6 1.9 0.3 0.0 -1.3 -0.7 -0.4 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 0.7
LDL Cholesterol 15.0 23.8 94.4 1.5 4.8 0.0 -4.2 -2.2 -2.8 -4.9 -4.3 9.7 -2.9 -3.6 -5.5 8.1
Lupus 0.3 0.4 2.9 -1.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -1.0 0.8
Neuroticism (2016) 1.4 2.1 3.7 -0.2 1.9 0.0 -1.9 -1.5 -1.6 -1.9 -1.8 0.9 -1.6 -0.8 -1.9 -0.8
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.6 0.9 3.0 -1.7 0.8 0.0 -0.9 -1.1 -1.0 -0.5 -0.7 0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.6 -1.4
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.1 1.5 2.8 1.6 -1.1 0.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.2 -0.9 1.2 0.8 1.5 1.5
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.6 1.3 2.9 -1.7 -0.9 0.0 1.6 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.3 -1.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.5
Triglycerides 3.4 5.6 20.7 -0.3 3.3 0.0 -2.3 -1.7 -2.3 -2.7 -2.6 4.5 -1.8 -1.4 -2.7 0.9
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.7 0.9 1.8 -0.0 1.0 0.0 -1.1 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1 -1.2 0.2 -1.2 -0.6 -1.2 -1.4
Ulcerative Colitis 1.5 2.1 4.3 -1.4 -1.9 0.0 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.4 -1.5 1.2 0.0 1.0 1.1
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.2 1.2 4.4 -1.6 1.0 0.0 -0.3 -1.3 -1.0 -0.1 -0.8 1.6 -0.8 -0.5 -2.1 0.4
Blood Platelet Count 0.4 4.9 24.2 -2.7 -2.1 0.0 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.8 -4.9 -0.2 0.3 1.5 -4.5
Blood Red Count 2.1 20.1 158.8 1.7 2.3 0.0 -1.9 -1.4 -1.6 -1.9 -0.9 8.0 1.1 -0.7 -3.9 12.6
Blood White Count 0.5 3.6 11.3 0.8 1.8 0.0 -1.8 -3.4 -3.0 -0.2 -1.0 1.4 -1.0 1.2 -2.9 -2.3
Heel T-Score 0.9 7.0 23.2 1.1 -2.1 0.0 1.8 -0.4 -0.0 3.1 3.5 0.2 4.1 4.0 1.6 4.8
BMI 2.4 14.1 33.2 -0.9 5.1 0.0 -2.2 -2.3 -3.1 -4.8 -4.8 5.8 -4.1 -3.3 -5.5 -0.4
Height 0.5 8.7 33.6 -5.2 -1.1 0.0 0.6 -1.7 -0.8 3.3 3.7 1.4 3.0 5.8 2.5 -2.3
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.7 -1.3
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.2 1.1 3.9 1.7 -1.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 0.9 1.0 -2.0 0.7 0.5 1.7 0.3
Smoking Status 3.3 7.9 16.6 0.4 3.6 0.0 -1.9 -0.9 -1.5 -4.1 -4.1 3.0 -3.7 -3.4 -3.5 -1.8
Allergy or Eczema 0.2 0.6 2.2 1.0 -1.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.7 -0.3 -0.2 -1.4 -1.1 -1.5 -0.1 0.5
Cardiovascular Disease 5.7 18.8 48.4 1.7 5.1 0.0 -4.7 -2.9 -2.9 -5.2 -4.9 7.0 -3.7 -4.0 -5.8 3.7
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.3 0.6 2.3 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.6 0.1 -0.0 1.5 1.1 0.9 -0.7 1.0
Respiratory disease 1.1 2.5 5.2 0.4 1.5 0.0 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -2.0 -1.7 2.3 -1.7 -1.7 -2.1 1.9
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 1.5 2.9 6.0 1.8 1.9 0.0 -1.8 -2.3 -1.9 -1.4 -1.3 2.4 -0.7 -0.1 -2.5 1.4
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.5 2.7 21.0 -0.6 -0.6 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.0 -0.1 -3.1 -0.6 -0.1 1.0 -4.6
Lung FVC 1.0 5.0 14.4 0.4 -2.2 0.0 1.6 0.9 1.0 2.5 3.2 -0.5 3.8 3.3 2.2 3.0
Neuroticism 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.2 -0.8
Chronotype (morning person) 2.0 4.6 17.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 -1.8 -4.2 -3.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.2 4.2 -0.3 -1.1
Hair Pigment 0.3 9.9 20.8 1.0 3.6 0.0 -4.2 -2.2 -2.4 -4.6 -4.1 3.5 -3.6 -3.3 -3.5 0.7
Tanning 0.5 6.0 16.5 0.2 -2.9 0.0 3.2 1.1 1.3 4.1 3.6 -1.3 3.1 3.2 2.4 0.6
Hand grip strength (left) 1.7 4.4 12.2 -1.3 -1.8 0.0 2.0 -0.4 -0.1 3.1 2.8 -1.5 1.8 3.5 2.2 -2.8
Number of treatments/medications taken 5.0 8.9 19.8 0.6 3.3 0.0 -3.0 -2.1 -2.3 -3.8 -4.0 2.8 -4.0 -3.4 -4.5 -0.6
Average weekly spirits intake 1.7 2.1 4.8 -0.2 1.9 0.0 -0.8 -0.3 -0.8 -2.2 -2.0 2.0 -1.8 -2.0 -1.5 0.1
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.6 1.1 3.4 1.0 1.4 0.0 -0.9 -1.8 -1.6 -0.2 0.0 0.5 0.7 1.6 -0.1 -1.1
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.7 0.9 4.1 -0.3 1.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.1 -0.6 -0.9 0.8 -0.7 -0.1 -1.1 -2.0
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 4.0 6.1 12.0 -1.1 -2.7 0.0 2.9 2.0 2.1 2.9 3.3 -1.6 3.5 3.0 2.9 1.5
Relative age of first facial hair 1.2 2.5 8.5 -0.6 1.6 0.0 -2.1 -0.5 -0.7 -1.5 -1.9 1.7 -2.2 -1.3 -2.9 -1.1
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.4 0.7
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.8 1.0 2.7 -1.7 1.1 0.0 0.2 -1.4 -1.4 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 -0.5 0.3 -0.9 -1.6
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 1.9 2.2 5.8 -2.4 1.7 0.0 -1.5 -0.7 -1.0 -1.9 -1.7 1.9 -1.5 -1.2 -1.4 0.3
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.2 0.5 2.1 0.6 -0.7 0.0 0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.6 0.8 -1.1 0.7 0.7 1.5 -0.3
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.6
Angina 1.6 2.1 7.9 0.5 1.3 0.0 -1.3 -0.7 -0.4 -1.3 -1.5 2.0 -1.2 -1.3 -2.8 2.1
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 1.2 1.3 3.4 1.0 1.0 0.0 -0.8 -1.9 -1.6 -1.0 -1.0 1.1 -1.2 -0.4 -1.8 -0.7
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.9 1.2 3.8 -1.2 -1.4 0.0 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 -1.3 0.9 -0.1 0.8 0.6
Supplements: Zinc 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.1 -0.7 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.3 1.1 -0.1
Medication: Co-codamol 1.8 2.1 6.8 -0.8 2.0 0.0 -1.4 -2.4 -2.6 -0.8 -0.9 1.6 -0.3 0.9 -1.3 -1.2
Medication: Metformin 1.7 2.4 5.4 1.3 1.8 0.0 -1.7 -2.2 -1.8 -1.2 -1.4 2.2 -0.8 -0.3 -2.3 0.7
Diabetes (father) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.0 -0.4 -0.6 0.3 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 0.3
Diabetes (mother) 0.6 0.7 2.3 0.9 0.9 0.0 -0.8 -1.2 -0.8 -0.5 -0.1 1.5 0.1 0.8 -0.6 1.2
Severe depression (siblings) 0.8 0.9 2.0 1.2 -1.4 0.0 1.4 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.2 -1.2 0.8 0.5 1.3 -0.0
Pack years adult smoking proportion 3.0 4.6 12.5 -2.4 2.7 0.0 -2.0 -2.4 -2.3 -1.6 -2.3 1.5 -2.2 -0.8 -1.9 -3.5
Impedance of leg (right) 0.2 1.0 3.9 0.4 0.2 0.0 -1.5 -1.7 -1.2 1.2 0.8 -0.1 0.6 2.0 -0.2 -0.6
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.2 1.0 7.1 -1.1 1.1 0.0 0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 2.7 -0.5 -0.1 -1.3 -0.2
Trunk fat percentage 1.4 5.7 16.5 0.1 3.1 0.0 -1.4 -1.9 -2.1 -2.4 -2.8 4.1 -2.5 -1.7 -3.9 -0.6
Hand grip strength (right) 1.6 4.4 13.8 -0.7 -1.4 0.0 2.0 -0.6 -0.5 2.7 2.6 -1.7 2.1 3.7 2.3 -3.2
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 2.3 3.2 7.1 1.4 2.4 0.0 -1.2 -1.0 -1.1 -2.1 -2.5 1.7 -2.3 -1.6 -2.7 -1.4
Current tobacco smoking 3.0 5.0 10.7 0.5 2.9 0.0 -1.2 -1.2 -1.6 -3.0 -3.3 2.3 -3.0 -2.6 -2.6 -1.8
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.9 1.0 3.2 0.6 -0.3 0.0 1.6 0.1 -0.3 1.1 1.3 0.1 1.7 1.8 0.7 0.7
Maternal smoking around birth 0.5 0.8 3.7 -0.2 1.3 0.0 -0.8 0.4 -0.1 -1.2 -1.0 1.9 -0.6 -0.9 -0.5 0.1
Fed-up feelings 1.0 1.9 5.0 -0.0 2.2 0.0 -1.1 -1.7 -1.7 -1.4 -1.1 2.2 -0.5 0.6 -1.7 -0.7
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.6 1.6 -0.1 1.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 1.3 -0.7 -0.1 -1.2 -1.2
Relative age voice broke 0.6 0.9 5.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5 1.3 0.6 -0.2 0.0 1.5 -0.7 -2.4
Taking other prescription medications 0.4 0.7 2.5 -0.3 0.6 0.0 0.2 -1.0 -0.9 -0.1 -0.3 1.1 0.4 0.4 -1.6 1.5
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.5 1.1 6.7 0.2 0.7 0.0 -2.6 -1.4 -1.2 -0.8 -0.7 1.0 -0.6 0.1 -1.2 0.5
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.8 0.9 5.0 -2.2 0.9 0.0 1.0 -0.3 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 1.5 0.3 0.5 -1.0 0.7
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.9 2.0 7.1 1.2 -0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 -0.2 1.4 1.9 0.5 2.6 2.7 1.5 1.7
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.8 0.9 1.5 0.7 1.0 0.0 -1.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 0.1 -1.0 -0.5 -1.2 -0.2
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 1.0 1.3 6.0 0.7 1.5 0.0 -0.8 -1.4 -1.4 -0.4 -0.6 2.4 -0.2 0.6 -1.6 0.6
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 1.0 1.2 2.5 1.0 -1.5 0.0 1.6 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.8 -0.9 0.8 -0.2 0.9 1.1
High blood pressure 2.3 6.5 11.5 1.9 2.7 0.0 -2.5 -2.2 -2.0 -3.3 -3.4 2.4 -3.3 -3.1 -2.9 -0.6
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.3 0.8 2.7 1.3 -1.6 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 -1.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.3 0.9
Multivitamins +/- minerals 2.0 2.6 6.2 2.5 2.0 0.0 -2.1 -1.5 -1.7 -1.6 -1.5 1.6 -1.6 -0.7 -1.2 -1.5
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.2 0.3 2.1 1.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.9 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.4
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.5 -0.0 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.6 -0.9 -0.4
Medication: Atenolol 3.0 3.7 7.2 1.3 1.9 0.0 -2.1 -1.3 -1.2 -2.5 -2.4 2.2 -2.3 -2.4 -2.7 0.8
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.3 0.6 2.6 -0.2 1.4 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 1.6 0.2 -0.3 -1.1 0.4
Sitting height 0.6 4.3 16.6 -2.4 -0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 1.0 2.0 4.1 2.2 2.7 1.1 3.8
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.8 0.9 2.3 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.4
High blood pressure (mother) 0.5 0.7 2.9 1.7 0.6 0.0 -1.0 -1.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.5 0.6 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.7
Body mass index (BMI) 1.8 7.7 17.8 0.4 3.6 0.0 -1.1 -1.5 -2.0 -3.5 -3.6 4.2 -3.2 -2.8 -4.2 -0.2
Impedance of leg (left) 0.2 1.1 3.8 0.3 0.2 0.0 -1.7 -1.8 -1.2 1.0 0.7 -0.2 0.4 1.9 -0.2 -0.9
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.2 1.0 7.0 -1.0 1.0 0.0 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 2.6 -0.5 -0.1 -1.2 -0.2
Trunk fat mass 1.2 5.3 19.5 -0.5 3.1 0.0 -1.2 -1.9 -2.1 -2.3 -2.5 4.4 -2.2 -1.2 -3.5 -0.7
Waist circumference 2.1 7.8 17.3 0.1 3.9 0.0 -1.8 -2.3 -2.5 -3.3 -3.5 4.2 -2.9 -1.9 -4.2 -1.3
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.1 1.8 4.2 -0.8 1.6 0.0 -1.6 -1.6 -1.7 -1.2 -1.7 0.2 -1.2 -0.4 -2.0 -1.2
Past tobacco smoking 1.7 3.1 8.9 -1.2 -1.7 0.0 0.6 -0.6 -0.0 3.0 2.5 -1.4 1.8 2.9 2.0 -1.5
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.5 0.7 3.1 1.2 -0.0 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 -1.7 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -1.8
Nervous feelings 0.7 1.2 6.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.1 0.3 -2.0 0.6 1.7 1.3 -2.5
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 1.5 2.3 4.8 -0.7 1.8 0.0 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -1.3 -1.6 0.9 -1.6 -0.6 -2.2 -1.9
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 2.5 4.0 7.2 -0.1 -2.7 0.0 2.4 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.4 -2.4 2.2 1.8 2.6 1.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.7 1.0 3.8 -1.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.0 -2.0 -1.3 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.7 1.4 -0.5 0.3
Had menopause 0.7 0.8 2.4 -1.5 0.9 0.0 -0.8 -1.4 -1.2 -0.8 -0.6 1.1 -0.6 0.2 -1.0 0.4
Had other major operations 0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.5 -0.3 0.6 1.0 -0.1 0.4
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 2.2 8.3 28.6 -0.7 -2.2 0.0 1.9 0.5 1.0 3.9 4.4 0.4 4.7 5.3 2.9 1.9
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.0 2.2 9.4 1.2 -0.1 0.0 0.7 -0.6 -0.7 1.7 2.0 0.5 2.7 3.1 1.3 1.1
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.8 1.0 3.0 -0.5 -0.7 0.0 1.3 1.7 1.5 -0.6 -0.4 -1.3 -0.4 -1.6 0.8 -0.1
Qualifications: None of the above 1.1 2.3 6.1 -1.4 1.5 0.0 -0.7 -2.4 -2.2 0.1 -0.6 2.4 -0.4 1.3 -2.5 -0.7
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 2.4 3.3 7.3 0.5 2.3 0.0 -1.5 -0.6 -0.9 -2.4 -2.7 1.9 -1.9 -2.3 -2.7 -0.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.3 0.5 3.8 1.9 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.2 0.7
Heart attack 0.9 1.2 5.0 -0.9 0.1 0.0 -0.8 0.6 1.0 -0.8 -1.2 0.6 -1.5 -2.2 -1.4 0.7
Allergy 0.3 0.7 4.0 -2.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.8 0.7 0.0 1.3 1.3 0.5 -0.6
Pain all over the body in last month 2.9 3.1 6.5 -2.3 -2.3 0.0 1.7 1.2 1.4 2.6 2.1 -1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 0.4
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.9 1.4 3.4 1.3 1.0 0.0 -0.4 -1.5 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 1.8 -0.6 -0.5 -1.8 1.6
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 1.1 1.4 2.8 -1.0 -1.6 0.0 1.7 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.4 -1.0 0.9 0.6 1.6 1.1
Medication: Ramipril 2.1 2.7 6.6 -0.9 1.4 0.0 -1.6 -0.8 -0.8 -2.2 -2.3 1.2 -2.6 -2.2 -2.3 -0.1
Medication: Simvastatin 10.0 14.7 31.2 0.4 4.4 0.0 -4.2 -2.9 -2.9 -4.5 -4.6 5.5 -3.8 -3.7 -5.6 2.6
Fluid intelligence score 0.8 1.6 9.4 1.8 -1.5 0.0 -0.3 0.5 0.7 -0.2 0.5 -3.1 0.4 -0.4 2.2 -0.1
Illnesses of siblings 1.3 1.8 11.0 -0.4 -1.5 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.9 -3.3 0.6 0.4 1.2 -2.0
Neuroticism score 0.4 0.8 1.9 0.7 1.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.1 -1.3 -0.8 -0.5 0.4 0.1 1.0 -0.2 -1.3
Weight 1.0 4.8 20.2 -1.0 3.0 0.0 -0.8 -1.8 -2.0 -2.2 -2.2 4.5 -1.9 -0.8 -3.0 -0.8
Impedance of arm (right) 0.1 0.3 1.3 1.1 -0.6 0.0 -0.8 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 -0.7 0.0 -0.8 -0.0 0.5
Arm fat percentage (right) 2.5 10.0 22.8 0.8 4.0 0.0 -1.9 -1.6 -2.1 -4.0 -4.2 4.4 -3.7 -3.6 -4.8 -0.2
Trunk fat-free mass 0.2 1.2 5.3 -2.3 0.9 0.0 0.5 -0.8 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 2.2 0.1 1.3 -0.2 -1.2
Hip circumference 1.2 5.2 19.4 -0.1 3.2 0.0 -1.2 -2.0 -2.2 -2.6 -2.6 4.4 -2.0 -1.4 -3.0 -0.1
Time employed in main current job 0.6 0.7 1.8 1.3 0.4 0.0 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.8 0.5 0.1 -1.0
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 1.2 1.8 4.8 -0.8 1.2 0.0 -1.4 -2.2 -1.9 0.4 0.0 2.2 0.5 1.5 -1.4 0.9
Father’s age at death 1.0 1.4 4.0 -0.5 -1.4 0.0 0.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 -1.7 1.1 0.7 2.0 -1.0
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.3 0.6 2.3 0.7 -0.3 0.0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 0.1 0.3 -1.5 0.2 0.9 0.7 -1.1
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.9 1.4 3.7 -0.2 1.6 0.0 -0.9 -1.9 -1.8 -0.5 -0.5 1.9 0.0 1.2 -1.5 -0.4
Falls in the last year 1.0 1.4 4.7 0.1 1.2 0.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.0 -2.2 -1.8 0.2 -1.7 -2.0 -1.1 0.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.6 0.8 3.4 1.9 -0.4 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.3
Number of live births 1.5 2.2 4.9 -1.4 -1.8 0.0 1.6 0.2 0.9 2.2 2.1 -1.0 1.9 2.0 0.8 1.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 2.9 9.9 26.5 -0.8 -2.8 0.0 2.9 1.4 1.8 4.2 4.7 -0.8 5.0 5.1 3.6 1.5
Pulse rate 1.5 2.6 5.0 -1.8 -1.8 0.0 2.2 0.7 1.3 2.2 2.1 -1.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 0.7
Happiness 0.7 0.8 1.9 1.2 1.3 0.0 -0.8 -0.7 -1.0 -1.4 -1.1 0.4 -0.7 -0.4 -0.5 -1.2
Noisy workplace 1.0 1.2 4.5 -0.6 1.2 0.0 -0.4 -1.6 -1.8 -0.1 -0.4 2.1 -0.6 1.0 -0.8 -1.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.8 1.9 7.0 0.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.7 1.0 1.0 -1.8 -1.3 -2.2 -1.6 -2.6 1.0 -1.0
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.5 0.5 0.0 0.6 -0.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.6 1.0 2.0 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.8
Asthma 1.0 2.0 4.7 2.2 1.2 0.0 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -1.8 -1.7 1.3 -1.6 -1.7 -1.6 1.0
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.0 1.3 2.7 -0.6 1.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 -1.1 -1.5 0.7 -1.5 -1.6 -1.6 -1.7
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 13.6 21.2 41.6 1.0 5.0 0.0 -4.9 -3.1 -3.2 -5.7 -5.6 6.5 -5.2 -5.0 -6.2 3.1
Depression (self-reported) 1.8 2.1 6.4 0.0 1.6 0.0 -1.4 -0.3 -0.4 -2.5 -2.3 -0.2 -1.9 -2.0 -1.0 -1.4
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.2 1.4 4.9 -0.0 1.5 0.0 -1.4 -1.8 -1.5 -0.7 -0.6 2.2 0.2 0.6 -1.2 0.9
Prospective memory result 0.8 0.9 3.3 0.3 -0.5 0.0 1.4 -0.5 -0.5 1.6 1.3 0.1 1.2 1.8 0.5 -0.3
Lung cancer (father) 1.0 1.2 4.7 -2.2 1.1 0.0 -0.6 -1.5 -1.8 -0.1 -0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.9 -0.9 -0.6
Illnesses of mother 1.1 1.4 4.3 -0.4 -1.8 0.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 -2.1 0.1 -0.4 0.7 -0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 1.7 5.3 14.1 -0.8 -2.0 0.0 1.9 1.2 1.4 2.9 3.4 -0.4 3.8 3.7 2.7 1.2
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.5 0.6 1.7 -0.0 -0.9 0.0 0.2 1.3 1.3 -0.3 -0.0 -0.9 -0.3 -1.1 0.6 1.0
Impedance of arm (left) 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.9 -0.6 0.0 -0.7 0.0 0.4 1.1 0.6 -0.8 0.6 0.1 -0.0 0.2
Arm fat mass (right) 2.0 8.2 23.2 0.1 3.8 0.0 -1.4 -1.8 -2.2 -3.4 -3.5 4.8 -3.0 -2.5 -4.3 -0.3
Trunk predicted mass 0.2 1.2 5.5 -2.4 0.8 0.0 0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 0.2 2.1 0.1 1.3 -0.1 -1.2
Standing height 0.5 4.5 18.7 -3.2 -0.5 0.0 0.6 -1.0 -0.4 2.4 2.7 1.4 2.5 4.3 1.9 -1.6
Length of working week for main job 1.6 1.8 8.4 1.6 0.2 0.0 -0.3 1.0 0.9 -1.5 -1.6 -0.4 -2.0 -2.9 -1.0 -0.2
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.3 -0.0 0.4 -0.0 0.1 -0.4 0.3
Breastfed as a baby 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.1 -0.6 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.7 -0.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 -0.2
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.7 1.2 9.9 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.7 0.5 -1.4 0.3 1.5 0.7 -3.1
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.6 0.9 2.4 -1.0 1.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -1.5 -1.4 0.0 -1.2 -0.6 -0.8 -1.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.6 0.3 0.2 -0.8 -0.7 -0.0 -0.8 -1.2 -0.3 0.3
Birth weight of first child 3.3 6.0 20.5 -1.1 2.5 0.0 -1.9 -2.0 -2.3 -2.4 -3.0 0.2 -3.3 -1.8 -2.6 -4.5
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.8 2.0 4.5 -0.2 -1.2 0.0 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 2.0 0.7 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.9
Pulse wave reflection index 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.6 -0.5 0.0 -0.0 1.2 1.0 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -1.1 1.0 1.1
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.2 1.5 6.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 1.7 -0.8 -0.6 1.5 1.4 0.4 1.7 2.5 0.8 0.0
Loud music exposure frequency 0.5 0.5 1.9 -1.4 0.7 0.0 1.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.6 -0.4 -0.3
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.9 1.4 3.9 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.5 -0.7 -0.7 -1.7 -1.4 -0.1 -1.5 -1.5 -0.4 -0.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 1.5 1.9 4.0 -0.0 1.8 0.0 -1.1 -1.5 -1.3 -2.0 -1.8 1.2 -1.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.3
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.1 0.8 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 1.0 -0.5 -0.3 -0.6 -0.0
Medication: Paracetamol 1.8 2.9 9.1 0.6 2.3 0.0 -1.0 -2.1 -2.2 -1.1 -1.8 1.8 -1.7 -0.3 -3.0 -1.6
Headache pain in last month 0.3 0.6 2.9 0.8 -0.8 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 -1.7 -0.4 0.2 0.4 -1.5
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 5.5 9.1 16.4 -1.5 -3.0 0.0 2.9 1.3 1.5 3.9 3.7 -4.1 3.6 3.8 4.0 -2.2
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.9 0.2 -1.3 -1.0 -0.7 -1.2
Gout (self-reported) 0.7 1.0 3.2 1.3 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 -1.0 -1.4 -0.4 -1.3 -1.8 -1.1 -1.0
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.2 0.4 2.0 0.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 1.4 0.5 0.3 -0.6 0.6
Medication: Amlodipine 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.7 0.0 -0.1
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.9 1.1 2.3 0.7 0.8 0.0 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -1.2 -1.2 1.5 -1.3 -1.3 -1.4 1.0
Birth weight 1.7 3.8 11.1 -0.3 2.5 0.0 -2.4 -0.6 -1.0 -3.3 -2.8 1.2 -2.6 -2.1 -1.5 -1.4
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.6 -0.3 -0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.1 1.3 0.1 0.3
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.8 1.1 5.2 0.2 1.0 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -1.3 -1.2 2.3 -1.3 -1.4 -0.9 0.5
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 1.8 6.5 20.4 -0.6 -1.9 0.0 1.7 0.8 1.0 3.3 3.9 0.4 4.3 4.5 2.7 2.1
Body fat percentage 1.9 7.4 18.1 0.1 3.6 0.0 -1.8 -2.3 -2.5 -2.9 -3.2 4.2 -2.9 -2.0 -4.2 -0.9
Leg fat percentage (right) 2.0 7.1 16.4 -0.3 3.6 0.0 -2.0 -2.6 -2.7 -2.9 -3.2 3.8 -2.9 -1.7 -4.0 -1.1
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.3 1.7 5.5 -2.3 1.0 0.0 0.3 -1.4 -1.4 0.1 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.8 -0.6 -1.4
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 3.0 4.0 9.0 0.9 2.3 0.0 -1.7 -0.9 -1.2 -2.6 -2.5 3.0 -2.4 -2.4 -2.4 0.9
Comparative body size at age 10 1.4 3.9 8.0 0.5 2.1 0.0 -1.4 -1.9 -2.3 -1.8 -2.5 1.2 -2.6 -1.7 -2.8 -2.5
Number of full brothers 0.4 0.5 3.9 -0.1 0.9 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.0 2.0 0.4 0.6 -0.5 0.7
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.3 0.8 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 -1.2 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.1 -0.2 -0.1
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.8 1.0 3.8 -0.8 -0.7 0.0 1.8 2.0 1.4 0.2 0.4 -1.3 0.7 -0.0 1.1 -0.1
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 1.9 3.4 7.1 -0.7 1.9 0.0 -2.0 -2.7 -2.4 -1.9 -1.9 2.6 -1.9 -0.8 -2.2 0.4
Number of children fathered 0.8 0.9 3.3 -0.1 -1.4 0.0 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.1 0.7 -1.8 0.5 -0.1 1.2 0.4
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.0 -0.6 -0.7 0.5 0.2 -0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.3 0.1
Age at first live birth 0.6 1.1 4.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.6 1.1 0.6 -1.4 -1.0 -1.7 -0.9 -2.0 0.7 -0.3
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.7 0.8 2.1 -0.3 0.9 0.0 -0.3 -1.5 -1.4 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.4 1.4 -0.6 -1.3
Health satisfaction 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.5 1.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.9 0.3 0.4 -1.3 0.8
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.2 0.2 1.1 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 1.0 -0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.4
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.4 1.3 5.8 0.2 -0.5 0.0 0.2 1.6 1.3 -1.2 -0.5 -2.4 0.0 -1.6 1.4 -0.0
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 2.5 2.9 6.0 -0.4 -2.4 0.0 1.8 2.4 2.5 1.5 1.6 -1.9 1.7 0.1 1.6 1.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 2.2 2.5 5.1 -0.7 1.8 0.0 -1.6 -2.3 -2.1 -1.0 -1.3 1.9 -1.8 0.1 -2.0 -1.6
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 2.5 4.3 11.0 1.4 -2.5 0.0 1.0 0.8 1.3 2.0 2.7 -2.4 2.8 2.3 3.3 1.9
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.8 1.1 4.2 -1.4 0.4 0.0 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 0.7 2.0 0.9 1.9 -0.6 1.4
Medication: Blood pressure 1.0 1.8 7.1 1.6 0.6 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.3 -1.6 -1.6 1.2 -2.1 -2.7 -1.3 0.5
Angina (self-reported) 2.1 2.8 10.2 0.2 1.6 0.0 -1.6 -1.1 -0.9 -1.5 -1.8 2.3 -1.5 -1.4 -3.2 1.9
Migraine (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.0 -0.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.7 -0.3 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.9
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.7 0.8 2.9 -0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 -0.6 -1.0 -0.1 -1.3 -1.6 -1.0 -1.7
Medication: Allopurinol 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 -0.9 -1.4 -0.3 -1.2 -1.3 -1.4 -1.2
Medication: Omeprazole 0.5 0.6 3.9 -2.0 -0.6 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 -1.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.7
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 1.5 1.7 4.8 -0.6 1.1 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 1.8 -2.0 -1.3 -2.2 -0.7
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.7 1.4 4.5 -0.3 -1.2 0.0 1.2 2.1 1.9 -0.0 0.3 -1.5 0.4 -1.1 1.7 0.9
Heart disease (mother) 1.1 1.3 4.8 1.3 1.0 0.0 -1.1 0.3 0.3 -1.4 -0.7 2.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.4 2.2
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.2 1.4 4.0 0.7 0.9 0.0 -1.2 -2.0 -1.7 -0.3 0.1 1.7 0.6 1.6 -1.0 1.4
Whole body fat mass 1.6 6.6 21.7 -0.3 3.5 0.0 -1.4 -2.2 -2.4 -2.7 -2.8 4.7 -2.5 -1.5 -3.9 -0.8
Leg fat mass (right) 1.7 6.7 19.5 -0.5 3.5 0.0 -1.6 -2.4 -2.5 -2.7 -2.9 4.4 -2.6 -1.5 -4.0 -0.8
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.3 1.6 5.6 -2.2 1.1 0.0 0.2 -1.4 -1.3 -0.0 0.1 2.4 0.0 1.6 -0.8 -1.4
Pulse rate, automated reading 3.1 10.1 20.4 -1.1 -3.8 0.0 4.5 1.5 2.2 4.3 4.3 -3.5 3.8 3.4 3.4 0.7
Alcohol intake frequency. 1.6 3.6 13.5 1.0 1.3 0.0 -1.6 -3.1 -3.1 1.3 0.9 2.1 1.3 3.7 -0.8 -0.5
Comparative height size at age 10 0.7 3.6 12.5 -2.9 -0.0 0.0 2.1 -0.6 -0.3 2.5 2.2 1.3 2.5 3.5 1.0 -1.3
Number of full sisters 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.1 1.1 0.0 0.2 -1.1 0.7
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.2 0.3 2.6 1.6 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 -0.2
Overall health rating 0.8 1.8 6.3 -1.4 1.4 0.0 -0.9 -1.6 -1.3 -0.7 -0.9 2.3 -0.4 0.6 -2.5 0.9
Chest pain or discomfort 2.5 3.6 7.4 -0.0 2.3 0.0 -2.7 -2.7 -2.3 -2.2 -2.2 0.9 -1.9 -0.6 -2.3 -1.5
Had major operations 1.1 1.3 3.1 -0.7 -1.6 0.0 1.0 1.7 1.6 0.6 0.9 -1.8 0.4 -0.2 1.8 0.3
Age at last live birth 1.4 2.0 5.9 1.2 1.1 0.0 -1.3 0.4 -0.2 -2.3 -2.0 -0.3 -2.1 -2.4 -0.6 -1.0
Family relationship satisfaction 0.4 0.4 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5 0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6
Leg pain on walking 0.7 0.8 3.7 0.6 -0.5 0.0 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.9
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 1.1 1.4 2.6 -0.0 -1.6 0.0 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 -1.0 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.4
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 3.0 3.5 6.6 -2.3 -1.0 0.0 2.5 1.4 1.3 2.0 2.2 0.9 2.6 2.5 1.1 2.3
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.6
Medication: Aspirin 1.6 2.2 10.0 -0.2 0.7 0.0 -1.0 0.8 0.7 -1.9 -1.9 1.1 -2.1 -3.2 -1.4 0.9
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.9 -0.1 1.0
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.9 1.4 4.5 -0.4 1.1 0.0 0.4 -2.1 -2.0 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.4 1.8 -1.3 -1.1
Hypertension (Self-reported) 2.4 6.8 12.5 2.0 2.7 0.0 -2.5 -2.1 -1.8 -3.4 -3.5 2.5 -3.5 -3.4 -3.0 -0.5
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -1.0 -0.8 0.3 -0.0 0.1 -0.4 0.3 -0.5 -0.1
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 2.5 3.5 7.4 -0.2 2.1 0.0 -2.2 -1.7 -1.7 -2.4 -2.3 1.3 -2.7 -1.6 -2.0 -2.1
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.9 1.1 5.3 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.0 -1.0 -0.8 2.1 -0.4 -1.0 -1.1 2.3
Smoking status: Previous 0.7 1.1 3.1 0.2 1.0 0.0 -0.5 0.7 0.2 -1.6 -1.2 0.9 -0.6 -1.5 -1.2 1.8
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.3 0.5 2.0 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.8 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.4 -0.1 -0.5
Whole body fat-free mass 0.2 1.0 5.3 -2.0 0.9 0.0 0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.1 2.3 -0.1 0.9 -0.6 -0.9
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.1 0.7 5.3 -1.1 0.7 0.0 0.7 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3 2.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.8 -0.1
Arm fat percentage (left) 2.2 8.7 21.4 0.7 3.7 0.0 -1.7 -1.7 -2.1 -3.5 -3.9 4.3 -3.3 -3.2 -4.6 -0.2
Average weekly red wine intake 1.4 2.1 7.3 2.2 -1.4 0.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.6 -2.7 0.2 -0.8 1.6 -1.0
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 1.5 1.8 3.6 -1.9 -1.4 0.0 1.1 -0.1 0.3 1.8 1.7 -0.4 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.2
Mood swings 2.0 3.6 7.7 -0.6 2.8 0.0 -1.6 -2.0 -2.0 -2.3 -2.3 2.3 -1.8 -0.7 -2.4 -1.8
Loneliness, isolation 0.6 0.9 5.7 2.4 1.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -1.2 -0.8 0.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3 -1.0
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.6 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 0.8
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.4 0.5 3.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.4 -0.5 -0.5 1.1 0.9 -0.2 0.9 1.8 -0.2 -0.2
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 1.3 2.2 5.2 1.5 1.6 0.0 -1.4 -1.8 -1.3 -1.6 -1.6 1.8 -1.1 -0.8 -2.3 1.1
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.7 0.7 3.8 1.0 0.8 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8 1.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 0.6
Friendships satisfaction 0.3 0.3 2.8 1.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.5 0.4 0.6
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.5 0.8 2.2 -1.1 -0.1 0.0 -1.0 0.6 0.5 -1.2 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 1.3 -0.4
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.9 1.0 3.1 1.8 -1.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 -1.5 0.8 0.2 1.2 0.2
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 2.8 3.3 6.4 0.2 2.2 0.0 -2.5 -2.4 -2.5 -1.6 -1.8 2.5 -1.9 -0.3 -2.0 -0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.7 1.1 4.0 -1.1 1.1 0.0 -2.0 -0.9 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 0.8 -1.1 -0.4 -1.0 -0.9
Medication for cholesterol 7.4 11.2 25.9 -0.6 -4.0 0.0 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.9 -3.9 3.2 2.1 5.1 0.0
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 1.1 1.3 3.0 -0.2 -1.2 0.0 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.0
Back pain experienced in last month 2.2 3.3 13.1 0.1 -1.2 0.0 1.9 -0.1 0.2 2.3 2.6 0.1 2.9 3.6 1.4 1.4
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.7 1.0 3.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.7 1.8 1.4 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -0.4 -1.7 -0.4 0.1
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.6 -0.4 0.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.7 0.6 0.3
Asthma (self-reported) 0.9 1.9 2.9 1.6 1.3 0.0 -1.1 -1.1 -0.9 -1.7 -1.6 1.5 -1.6 -1.6 -1.7 1.1
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 1.7 -1.2 0.9 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.5 -1.0 -1.0 1.3 -1.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.1
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 1.5 2.0 6.1 -0.3 1.5 0.0 -1.3 -1.5 -1.7 -1.2 -1.0 2.5 -0.5 -0.3 -2.0 1.9
Medication: Aspirin 1.2 1.5 7.7 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 1.4 1.4 -1.4 -1.2 0.5 -1.5 -2.8 -0.7 1.3
Medication: Gliclazide 0.7 0.8 3.5 0.5 0.9 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -1.1 1.4 -0.8 -0.8 -1.9 0.2
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.9 1.1 2.8 0.2 -0.9 0.0 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.2 -1.5 1.7 0.9 1.4 0.3
Smoking status: Current 3.9 6.1 12.7 0.8 3.2 0.0 -1.5 -1.5 -1.9 -3.2 -3.6 2.4 -3.3 -2.6 -3.0 -2.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 2.2 4.5 11.0 -0.6 -2.2 0.0 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.9 -1.9 3.0 2.6 3.3 0.7
Whole body water mass 0.2 1.0 5.4 -2.0 0.8 0.0 0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1 2.3 -0.1 0.8 -0.5 -0.9
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.1 0.6 5.1 -1.1 0.7 0.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 2.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.8 -0.1
Arm fat mass (left) 1.9 7.8 23.1 0.2 3.7 0.0 -1.3 -1.9 -2.2 -3.3 -3.4 4.8 -2.9 -2.3 -4.3 -0.1
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 4.2 7.3 15.0 0.3 3.0 0.0 -2.4 -1.7 -1.9 -3.8 -3.5 3.3 -2.8 -3.0 -3.9 2.1
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.5 0.7 2.2 -0.3 1.3 0.0 -1.0 -0.0 -0.3 -1.5 -1.1 1.1 -0.7 -0.8 -0.2 0.3
Miserableness 1.5 2.6 7.9 0.6 1.9 0.0 -0.9 0.2 -0.2 -2.8 -2.5 1.2 -2.1 -2.7 -1.3 -0.3
Guilty feelings 0.4 0.7 2.6 -0.2 0.7 0.0 -0.5 -1.1 -1.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.6 0.1 -0.9
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.6 0.7 2.9 0.3 0.7 0.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.7 -1.7 -1.2 -0.2 -0.9 -1.0 0.0 -0.4
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.7 0.8 2.1 -1.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.2 -1.1 0.5 -0.1 1.1 -1.1
Hearing aid user 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 -0.0 0.0 -0.7 0.5 0.4 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.9 0.2 0.1
Mother’s age at death 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.5 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.2
Financial situation satisfaction 1.7 2.1 5.7 -0.2 1.9 0.0 -1.6 -1.2 -1.3 -2.4 -2.1 1.3 -1.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.8
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.4 0.5 3.2 -1.8 -0.7 0.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 0.6 0.4 -0.8 0.1 0.4 -0.0 -0.8
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 4.3 5.1 12.1 1.2 1.7 0.0 -2.7 -1.2 -1.0 -3.0 -3.2 -0.7 -3.4 -3.5 -1.6 -2.4
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 1.0 1.2 2.8 1.3 1.5 0.0 -1.5 -1.7 -1.6 -0.7 -0.8 1.2 -0.8 -0.0 -1.0 -0.7
Medication: Blood pressure 5.6 10.6 17.2 0.7 3.9 0.0 -3.6 -3.7 -3.7 -3.8 -4.1 3.0 -3.8 -2.7 -4.1 -1.5
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.8 0.9 2.5 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.0 -1.5 -1.2 1.1 0.8 1.4 0.5 1.6 -0.9 1.1
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.0 1.3 3.9 0.0 -1.0 0.0 0.5 -1.2 -0.9 1.5 1.7 0.5 1.1 2.0 1.4 0.6
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 15.9 28.1 75.5 0.5 6.1 0.0 -5.8 -4.3 -4.5 -5.5 -5.5 8.7 -4.0 -3.6 -7.7 5.6
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 3.3 5.0 14.4 1.0 1.8 0.0 -1.9 -1.5 -1.3 -3.1 -3.1 0.7 -3.8 -3.5 -2.3 -1.4
Medication: Paracetamol 1.8 2.7 7.1 1.2 2.0 0.0 -1.2 -2.0 -2.0 -1.2 -1.8 1.2 -1.9 -0.4 -2.7 -2.0
Medication: Lisinopril 1.3 1.7 4.8 2.1 0.4 0.0 -1.3 0.3 0.3 -1.8 -1.6 -0.5 -1.9 -2.2 -0.2 -1.1
Medication: Atorvastatin 6.0 7.4 17.0 0.8 3.1 0.0 -2.8 -1.5 -1.8 -3.3 -3.3 4.1 -2.6 -2.8 -3.5 2.8
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.8 1.0 4.3 0.0 -1.3 0.0 -0.1 0.9 1.2 -0.7 -0.4 -1.2 -1.0 -2.1 0.4 1.3
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.6 0.7 2.2 0.7 -0.8 0.0 0.3 -0.9 -0.8 1.5 0.9 -1.0 0.9 1.2 0.3 -0.2
Ever smoked 1.8 3.2 9.6 0.9 2.1 0.0 -0.7 -0.2 -0.7 -3.1 -2.6 1.6 -1.6 -2.4 -2.4 1.4
Basal metabolic rate 0.3 1.5 9.0 -1.6 1.4 0.0 0.2 -1.0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 3.0 -0.6 0.4 -1.3 -0.7
Leg fat percentage (left) 1.9 6.9 15.8 -0.4 3.5 0.0 -1.9 -2.5 -2.6 -3.0 -3.2 3.6 -2.9 -1.7 -4.0 -1.3
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.3 1.6 9.0 -2.1 1.3 0.0 0.3 -1.2 -1.2 -0.5 -0.2 3.0 -0.1 1.2 -0.8 -0.7
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.8 -0.7 0.0 1.0 0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.5 -1.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 -0.7
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.6 0.9 3.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -1.1 -1.3 1.8 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 0.5
Irritability 0.8 1.3 5.9 -0.1 1.4 0.0 -0.6 -1.4 -1.5 -0.8 -1.0 0.7 -1.0 0.4 -1.1 -2.4
Risk taking 1.0 1.5 6.0 -0.8 0.6 0.0 0.1 1.1 1.1 -1.5 -1.5 1.1 -1.5 -2.4 -1.2 0.4
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 4.9 5.6 9.7 -0.6 -3.1 0.0 3.1 1.7 2.1 2.8 3.1 -1.8 2.9 2.1 2.9 2.1
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.6 0.8 2.2 -0.7 1.1 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.4 -1.1 -1.1 0.4 -1.1 -0.7 -0.5 -1.5
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.8 1.0 2.9 -0.7 1.1 0.0 -1.7 -0.3 -0.8 -1.5 -1.2 0.8 -1.3 -0.9 -0.4 -0.7
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.4 1.2 5.5 0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.0 -1.1 -0.6 0.5 -0.9 -2.4 1.0 2.0
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.7 0.8 2.5 -0.4 -0.7 0.0 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.0 -1.6 -0.1 -0.6 0.9 -1.2
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.7 0.9 3.2 1.0 -0.7 0.0 1.4 1.8 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.7 -0.2 0.9 0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.8 1.0 7.5 2.7 0.5 0.0 -0.1 1.0 0.7 -1.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.6 -1.1 0.3 -0.1
Myopia 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 -1.0 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0 -0.8 0.3 -1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -0.4
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 1.8 4.9 9.5 -1.6 -2.3 0.0 2.1 1.5 1.3 2.9 3.1 -2.1 2.8 3.1 2.8 -0.1
Cholesterol lowering medication 6.9 10.2 27.9 0.4 3.6 0.0 -3.5 -2.8 -2.8 -3.3 -3.1 5.3 -1.9 -1.8 -4.7 3.7
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.3 0.3 3.4 -1.8 -0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.5 0.2 -0.0 -0.1 -0.6
Pain experienced in last month 1.6 2.6 10.8 1.3 1.7 0.0 -1.5 0.2 0.1 -2.3 -2.3 0.8 -2.2 -3.3 -0.7 -0.6
Supplements: Calcium 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 0.1 0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.6 -0.3
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 1.3 1.5 5.0 -0.5 2.2 0.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.7 -1.0 -0.7 2.2 0.2 0.7 -1.0 0.3
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.1 1.4 6.1 -1.0 0.2 0.0 -0.8 0.8 1.1 -1.0 -1.4 0.5 -1.7 -2.5 -1.5 0.6
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.3 0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.0
Heart disease (siblings) 0.7 0.9 4.0 -0.1 0.6 0.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.7 -0.6 0.0 2.0 0.3 0.7 -0.3 2.0
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.1 1.3 6.1 -1.0 1.9 0.0 -0.7 -1.0 -1.3 -0.9 -0.8 2.5 -0.1 0.5 -0.6 -0.2
Pack years of smoking 2.5 3.7 9.8 -2.4 2.4 0.0 -1.7 -2.1 -1.9 -1.4 -2.1 1.3 -1.9 -0.8 -1.6 -3.1
Impedance of whole body 0.1 0.6 1.8 0.7 -0.5 0.0 -1.0 -0.6 -0.2 1.3 1.0 -0.6 0.9 1.3 0.3 -0.0
Leg fat mass (left) 1.7 6.5 18.1 -0.6 3.4 0.0 -1.5 -2.4 -2.4 -2.7 -2.9 4.3 -2.6 -1.4 -3.9 -0.9
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.2 1.1 5.8 -1.9 1.0 0.0 0.5 -0.9 -0.9 -0.4 -0.0 2.4 0.0 1.2 -0.6 -0.7