Hub : Genes

KCNJ11

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0360 0.0160 6.3e-03 0.031 0.011 0.027 0.012 0.027 1.0e-04 0.0150 2.7e-04 1.1e-02 2.6e-04
2 GTEx Artery Aorta 0.1220 0.0450 4.1e-03 0.036 NA 0.084 NA 0.069 4.3e-03 NA 2.2e-05 NA 1.2e-04
3 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.1814 0.0408 6.2e-09 0.191 NA 0.150 NA 0.186 6.6e-15 NA 7.8e-12 NA 1.6e-14
4 GTEx Brain Cortex 0.1740 0.0680 2.9e-03 0.011 NA 0.064 NA 0.032 1.6e-01 NA 7.7e-03 NA 4.6e-02
5 GTEx Brain Frontal Cortex BA9 0.4392 0.1192 4.1e-03 0.144 NA 0.075 NA 0.120 1.2e-04 NA 5.0e-03 NA 4.6e-04
6 GTEx Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junction 0.1950 0.0740 2.9e-03 0.147 NA 0.170 NA 0.181 5.4e-06 NA 9.6e-07 NA 4.0e-07
7 GTEx Esophagus Mucosa 0.2680 0.0530 2.0e-12 0.155 NA 0.207 NA 0.216 1.5e-10 NA 7.2e-14 NA 1.6e-14
8 GTEx Esophagus Muscularis 0.1980 0.0500 1.4e-05 0.161 NA 0.114 NA 0.136 4.8e-10 NA 2.1e-07 NA 1.3e-08
9 GTEx Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic 0.1770 0.0490 8.4e-06 0.072 NA 0.110 NA 0.115 9.0e-05 NA 1.3e-06 NA 7.0e-07
10 GTEx Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg 0.2320 0.0480 7.3e-11 0.094 NA 0.115 NA 0.125 3.2e-08 NA 9.9e-10 NA 1.7e-10
11 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0524 0.0229 5.2e-03 0.055 0.015 0.052 0.029 0.051 1.1e-07 0.0039 3.0e-07 9.5e-05 3.1e-07
12 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0207 0.0104 4.9e-03 0.006 0.010 0.013 NA 0.009 1.7e-02 0.0036 1.0e-03 NA 4.3e-03
13 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.0400 0.0220 8.8e-03 0.010 0.010 0.019 NA 0.004 3.2e-02 0.0300 4.9e-03 NA 1.1e-01

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.8 2.8 6.5 -1.3 1.9 1.4 -2.5 -0.3 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 -0.2 2.3 -0.6
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 2.6 6.2 11.6 -2.8 2.1 2.5 -3.4 -2.2 2.2 3.4 1.3 3.0 2.9 -1.8 2.7 -0.6
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 1.8 3.8 8.8 -2.6 1.1 1.9 -1.0 -1.3 1.3 2.7 0.0 3.0 2.6 -2.7 1.6 -0.9
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.4 0.6 4.5 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -1.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.6 -0.0 2.1 0.4
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 2.4 7.3 13.8 3.0 -2.1 -2.4 2.9 2.8 -1.4 -3.7 -0.5 -3.4 -3.5 3.7 -2.4 0.1
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.4 0.9 1.9 -0.4 1.0 1.2 -0.3 -0.7 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.6 -0.9 1.2 -1.4
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.9 4.0 7.3 -2.5 1.1 2.1 -2.3 -2.6 1.3 2.7 0.3 2.5 2.3 -2.2 1.5 -0.3
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.5 0.7 1.7 -1.0 0.1 1.2 -0.4 0.4 0.2 1.1 -0.2 1.3 0.8 -1.2 -0.1 -1.0
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.5 2.8 0.3 0.8 0.7 -0.6 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.4 -1.7
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 1.1 1.3 3.5 -0.7 -1.5 -0.6 -0.2 -1.0 -1.9 -0.7 -1.6 -0.4 -0.7 -1.5 0.6 1.7
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.5 0.5 1.4 -0.1 0.9 0.8 0.2 -1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 -0.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.9 1.2 3.0 0.4 -1.4 -1.2 0.9 -1.5 -1.3 -0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -1.1 0.2 1.1 1.7
Crohns Disease (2017) 3.5 7.6 14.5 -2.7 3.6 3.8 -1.8 -0.9 3.2 3.4 2.3 3.7 3.1 -2.2 0.7 -2.1
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 5.2 12.3 22.4 -2.5 4.7 4.5 -3.8 -0.7 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 -1.3 2.3 -3.3
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 3.9 7.3 15.1 -0.9 3.8 3.1 -3.6 -0.5 3.9 2.8 3.6 1.9 1.7 0.1 2.7 -2.6
Major Depression (MDD) 1.3 1.5 3.9 -1.9 0.6 1.0 -1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 -0.0 1.9 2.0 -1.5 -0.9 -1.1
Reaction Time 1.8 3.4 9.7 -1.1 1.6 0.9 -3.1 0.5 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.1 2.2 0.3 2.6 -1.9
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 2.0 4.8 11.2 2.9 -1.7 -1.5 2.4 2.0 -1.5 -3.0 0.0 -2.6 -3.3 3.0 -1.2 -0.5
Breast Cancer 1.5 3.6 9.1 1.4 -2.2 -3.0 -0.5 2.2 -2.2 -2.4 -1.6 -2.1 -1.5 1.5 -0.9 1.7
Ovarian Cancer 1.6 2.1 6.0 1.7 -1.0 -1.2 1.7 -1.2 -1.5 -2.4 -0.3 -1.7 -2.0 0.7 -0.1 1.5
Prostate Cancer 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.8 0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.3 0.9 -0.6 -0.6 1.2 0.9 0.5
Age at First Birth 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.5 -0.7 -0.2 0.4 0.8 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -1.7 -0.4 -0.5 0.3 -0.7 -1.2 1.0 1.2 1.4
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 2.7 3.7 11.4 -3.4 0.8 1.7 -1.9 0.0 1.3 2.0 -0.1 2.9 3.0 -2.1 0.7 -0.8
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 2.1 2.5 7.8 2.8 -1.2 -1.8 0.2 -1.4 -1.3 -1.4 -0.6 -2.2 -2.5 1.3 1.3 0.6
Crohns Disease (2012) 2.0 3.2 8.3 -1.0 2.3 2.4 0.5 0.4 2.9 2.6 1.8 2.2 2.3 -0.3 -0.9 -1.0
Mean Putamen Volume 1.0 1.1 3.3 1.8 0.2 -0.5 0.8 0.3 -0.2 -1.3 0.7 -1.7 -1.6 1.6 -0.5 0.0
Fasting Glucose 1.3 1.6 5.8 -2.0 0.3 0.7 -1.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 -0.0 1.6 2.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6
HbA1C 0.2 0.3 1.6 0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -0.4 1.3 0.4 -0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2
HDL Cholesterol 0.4 0.7 3.4 1.1 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 -1.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.8 -0.8 -0.0 -0.7 1.0
LDL Cholesterol 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 1.1 0.5 -0.5 -0.9 0.1 -0.3 -0.6 0.3 0.1 0.4
Lupus 1.8 2.7 4.4 -1.9 1.4 2.0 -1.4 2.1 1.5 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.0 -1.5 0.7 -1.1
Neuroticism (2016) 0.3 0.4 2.1 -0.7 -0.9 -0.2 0.4 1.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.9 0.3 0.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.1
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 1.5 2.1 5.4 -1.6 1.8 1.6 -1.0 -1.4 2.3 1.1 1.9 1.1 1.5 -0.5 1.4 0.5
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.9 1.3 4.6 -0.3 -1.0 -0.9 0.3 -1.3 -1.4 -0.9 -1.9 -0.5 -0.1 -0.8 -2.1 1.2
Schizophrenia (2014) 4.5 9.8 23.6 -3.7 2.4 3.5 -4.9 -1.7 2.5 3.9 1.3 3.9 3.9 -3.0 2.0 -1.7
Triglycerides 0.3 0.5 2.5 0.2 0.5 0.6 -0.6 1.5 -0.3 -0.0 0.6 0.0 0.2 -0.2 1.6 -0.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 5.9 6.8 17.8 4.2 -1.4 -2.6 1.8 0.3 -1.2 -3.2 1.3 -3.7 -3.7 2.7 1.3 2.9
Ulcerative Colitis 4.1 5.9 13.1 -0.9 3.0 2.7 -3.6 0.0 3.4 3.2 2.7 1.9 1.5 0.1 2.6 -2.1
Blood Eosinophil Count 1.1 8.7 18.2 1.5 -4.1 -3.8 4.3 0.1 -3.5 -3.4 -3.4 -2.9 -2.6 0.9 -0.6 3.2
Blood Platelet Count 1.3 14.7 36.7 -6.1 1.3 2.5 -5.6 2.5 2.6 5.1 -0.9 5.2 4.3 -3.3 -1.6 -4.1
Blood Red Count 0.5 4.6 11.8 -2.6 -2.5 -0.8 1.7 2.7 -1.3 0.8 -3.4 1.4 1.9 -2.4 -3.1 0.7
Blood White Count 0.3 1.9 9.4 1.1 -1.0 -1.0 3.1 1.4 -0.8 -1.6 -0.5 -0.8 -1.1 1.1 -1.4 1.2
Heel T-Score 0.2 1.6 5.5 1.9 -0.1 -0.8 1.8 0.2 -1.5 -1.3 -0.5 -1.4 -2.3 0.9 0.8 -0.1
BMI 1.7 9.9 26.9 -5.2 0.9 2.5 -2.5 1.9 1.7 4.0 -1.1 4.6 4.8 -4.3 -0.2 -1.8
Height 2.4 46.5 100.0 9.3 -2.3 -5.5 10.0 -4.3 -5.6 -9.2 0.2 -9.0 -9.0 5.8 1.1 7.3
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 2.5 11.2 28.4 5.3 -2.2 -3.0 2.7 0.2 -2.2 -4.0 0.6 -4.8 -4.9 4.9 0.4 1.9
Systolic Blood Pressure 10.0 49.9 104.0 10.2 -4.7 -7.6 7.4 -0.5 -6.3 -9.1 -1.2 -9.8 -10.1 7.3 -0.8 5.7
Smoking Status 4.1 9.8 32.0 -4.5 0.7 2.2 -5.7 1.5 1.1 3.6 -1.2 3.5 3.4 -4.1 0.7 -3.3
Allergy or Eczema 0.5 1.4 4.5 -0.7 0.3 0.8 -0.5 1.8 1.1 1.3 -0.1 1.2 1.3 -0.7 -1.4 -2.1
Cardiovascular Disease 4.0 13.1 23.4 4.8 -2.8 -4.1 4.5 -0.3 -2.8 -4.5 -0.7 -4.8 -4.6 4.0 0.4 3.7
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.7 1.5 11.1 1.1 -0.7 -0.6 3.3 -1.3 -0.1 -1.0 0.3 -1.1 -0.2 1.0 -0.3 1.3
Respiratory disease 1.0 2.3 6.0 -1.7 1.0 1.8 -0.4 2.5 1.1 1.5 0.3 1.7 1.8 -1.7 -1.2 -1.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 10.7 20.1 44.9 6.7 -2.7 -4.5 3.8 -1.5 -3.0 -5.9 0.4 -6.5 -6.4 5.5 0.4 3.9
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.3 1.3 3.6 -1.3 -1.9 -0.8 0.5 -0.7 -0.9 -0.2 -1.7 0.1 1.2 -1.1 -0.8 1.7
Lung FVC 0.3 1.5 4.6 -1.7 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0 -2.0 -0.7 0.3 -2.1 0.3 0.5 -1.3 -1.7 0.5
Neuroticism 0.5 1.2 3.5 -1.3 0.5 1.2 -0.3 -0.5 0.7 1.6 -0.1 1.9 1.2 -1.7 0.5 -1.2
Chronotype (morning person) 0.8 1.9 5.8 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.6 -1.4 1.4 -0.1 2.4 -0.3 -0.8 1.8 -0.4 -0.1
Hair Pigment 0.2 4.7 13.5 -0.9 2.3 3.4 0.5 -0.4 2.6 3.7 1.5 3.2 2.4 -1.8 -0.9 -1.0
Tanning 0.2 2.6 6.4 -2.5 0.0 0.7 -2.5 -0.6 -0.5 1.1 -1.0 1.6 0.9 -2.3 2.5 -1.9
Hand grip strength (left) 0.2 0.5 1.9 0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0.6 -0.3 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -1.1 0.8 -1.4 0.3
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.4 0.8 1.9 1.1 -1.4 -0.6 1.3 1.0 -1.0 -0.4 -1.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.2 -0.5 0.3
Average weekly spirits intake 0.9 1.1 3.4 -0.4 0.9 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.7 1.4 -1.5 -0.2 -0.5
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.3 0.4 1.1 -0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.6 -0.1 0.5 -0.9
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.5 -0.0 1.1 0.2
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 1.1 1.6 4.1 1.8 1.3 0.1 1.5 -0.4 0.4 -1.1 2.0 -0.9 -0.6 1.6 2.0 0.3
Relative age of first facial hair 0.3 0.7 5.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -2.3 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.7
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.8 1.0 7.6 -1.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 2.8 0.3 0.5 -0.4 0.6 1.6 -0.4 -0.0 0.2
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 2.3 2.9 8.3 -2.0 0.7 1.3 -0.7 1.9 1.3 2.5 -0.2 2.3 2.9 -2.0 -0.8 -1.4
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.0 0.3 0.1 0.6
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 3.9 11.2 23.0 4.8 -1.2 -3.2 4.2 -0.5 -3.3 -4.4 -0.1 -4.5 -4.5 3.0 0.1 3.6
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 3.8 4.2 8.5 2.6 -1.8 -2.3 1.6 0.9 -1.9 -2.9 -0.1 -2.7 -2.7 2.1 -0.0 2.3
Angina 1.4 1.9 3.8 -1.3 0.9 1.1 -1.7 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.7 -0.9 2.0 -0.8
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.3 0.3 1.4 -1.2 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.8 0.3 0.7 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5
Vitamin and mineral supplements 2.6 3.6 7.2 2.2 -1.0 -1.9 2.5 -1.1 -1.6 -2.4 -0.4 -2.2 -2.7 1.6 -1.0 2.4
Supplements: Zinc 1.1 1.2 6.5 0.7 0.6 -0.2 -1.4 0.6 1.5 0.1 1.9 -0.2 0.3 2.6 0.3 -0.6
Medication: Co-codamol 2.6 3.0 7.7 -2.3 0.5 1.5 -2.8 0.1 1.5 2.2 -0.5 1.9 2.4 -1.9 -1.1 -1.4
Medication: Metformin 7.2 10.2 22.8 4.8 -1.7 -3.2 3.0 0.1 -2.0 -4.5 0.4 -4.5 -4.5 3.6 -0.1 2.9
Diabetes (father) 2.3 2.8 10.6 3.2 0.6 -1.0 1.0 0.3 -0.1 -1.5 1.5 -1.6 -2.2 3.3 0.5 1.1
Diabetes (mother) 4.1 5.3 11.5 3.4 -1.3 -3.0 1.3 1.7 -1.1 -2.4 0.1 -3.0 -2.8 3.4 1.8 1.8
Severe depression (siblings) 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.5 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.3 -0.0 -0.2
Pack years adult smoking proportion 1.4 2.1 7.8 -0.9 2.0 1.5 -1.5 -0.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 -0.9 2.8 -1.3
Impedance of leg (right) 4.3 21.0 46.1 6.0 -3.7 -4.8 4.5 -0.1 -3.4 -5.9 -1.4 -6.6 -6.8 5.1 -2.3 3.3
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.4 2.3 4.8 -1.6 1.8 1.6 0.3 -1.0 0.8 1.5 0.7 2.2 1.9 -2.2 2.0 -0.2
Trunk fat percentage 0.2 0.7 2.7 -0.0 -0.6 -0.3 1.0 1.1 -0.7 0.1 -1.5 0.3 0.1 -1.1 -1.6 0.2
Hand grip strength (right) 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.2 -0.8 -0.3 0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 -0.9 0.4
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 2.0 2.8 4.4 -1.4 1.8 2.1 -1.7 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.1 2.0 1.6 -1.9 0.5 -1.2
Current tobacco smoking 3.9 6.4 25.7 -3.3 1.0 2.0 -5.1 -0.2 1.1 2.6 -0.5 2.5 2.4 -3.5 1.6 -2.5
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.9 1.1 3.5 -0.9 0.6 1.0 -1.1 1.6 0.0 0.9 -0.4 0.8 0.3 -0.6 -1.7 -1.9
Maternal smoking around birth 2.0 2.9 9.6 -1.9 0.5 2.0 0.3 -1.0 0.7 3.1 -0.3 2.4 1.9 -2.7 0.9 -1.0
Fed-up feelings 0.3 0.5 1.3 -0.6 -0.0 0.8 0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.9 -0.5 1.1 0.3 -1.1 -1.0 -0.4
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 1.3 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -1.1 -0.9 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.0
Relative age voice broke 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.4 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 0.3 -0.4 0.4
Taking other prescription medications 0.2 0.3 1.6 0.4 -0.4 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 1.2
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.0 2.3 6.2 -1.5 1.4 1.8 -2.5 -1.0 1.0 1.9 0.5 2.0 0.8 -1.8 1.0 -1.4
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.5 0.6 2.7 1.4 0.6 -0.1 1.6 0.5 0.4 -0.4 0.7 -0.6 -0.8 1.0 0.0 -0.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.4 0.8 3.1 -0.4 1.1 1.4 0.6 -0.8 1.1 1.8 0.4 0.8 0.3 -0.8 -0.6 -0.7
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.8 0.9 2.0 -1.4 -0.3 0.4 -1.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 -1.1 1.1 1.1 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 -0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.6 -0.4 -1.0 1.2 0.1
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.4 0.5 1.7 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 1.1 1.3 0.5 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.3 -0.9 1.2
High blood pressure 5.0 13.9 27.2 4.9 -3.1 -4.4 3.7 -0.5 -3.6 -4.3 -1.6 -5.1 -5.2 3.5 0.7 3.6
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.4 1.0 3.4 -0.6 -0.4 0.4 0.3 1.8 0.4 0.6 -0.4 0.8 0.8 -0.5 -1.8 -1.8
Multivitamins +/- minerals 2.3 2.9 8.1 -1.6 0.9 1.5 -2.5 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.0 1.6 2.3 -0.8 1.5 -2.8
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.9 1.1 3.4 -1.8 -0.0 0.4 -1.8 -0.2 0.5 0.7 0.1 1.2 1.6 -1.6 0.9 0.1
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 -0.7 -0.2 0.0 0.5 -0.3 -0.8 -0.0 -0.4 -0.0 1.0 -0.6 0.0
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.5 1.8 5.4 -0.6 -2.1 -1.4 0.7 -1.5 -1.7 -0.1 -2.3 -0.2 -1.0 -1.7 0.6 0.9
Medication: Atenolol 0.5 0.6 2.8 -0.3 0.5 0.9 -0.4 -0.9 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 -0.4 1.7 -1.0
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.2 0.3 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.2 0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.8
Sitting height 0.9 6.5 16.2 3.1 -0.2 -1.7 4.0 -2.6 -1.5 -3.2 0.7 -3.0 -3.1 2.7 1.7 2.6
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.9 1.0 3.6 -1.4 0.8 0.5 -0.2 0.5 1.8 1.4 0.2 1.0 1.9 -1.0 -0.0 -0.2
High blood pressure (mother) 6.7 9.3 17.9 3.4 -3.4 -4.1 2.5 1.0 -3.0 -3.3 -2.2 -3.7 -4.2 3.0 -0.4 3.0
Body mass index (BMI) 1.9 8.2 17.9 -4.2 1.2 2.5 -2.3 1.4 1.6 4.0 -0.7 4.2 4.1 -4.2 0.5 -1.6
Impedance of leg (left) 4.2 20.2 45.1 6.1 -3.5 -4.7 4.0 -0.2 -3.2 -5.7 -1.2 -6.4 -6.7 5.4 -2.5 3.1
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.4 2.4 4.9 -1.7 1.7 1.6 0.2 -1.0 0.8 1.5 0.7 2.2 2.0 -2.2 2.0 -0.3
Trunk fat mass 0.1 0.5 1.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 1.1 0.5 -0.7 0.1 -1.2 0.4 0.1 -1.3 -0.7 0.6
Waist circumference 0.1 0.5 1.8 -0.8 -0.1 0.4 0.0 0.9 -0.3 1.1 -0.8 1.1 0.6 -1.3 0.2 0.1
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.6 2.7 8.4 -1.0 2.2 1.8 -0.8 -1.1 1.5 2.9 0.9 1.5 1.9 -1.6 2.0 -0.9
Past tobacco smoking 4.3 7.9 14.0 3.1 -2.4 -3.6 3.2 -2.3 -2.6 -3.3 -1.4 -3.7 -3.4 2.2 0.0 3.0
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.3 0.5 1.9 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 0.8 -0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.4 -0.8 0.1 1.4 -1.3 0.2
Nervous feelings 0.8 1.4 4.4 0.2 2.1 1.1 -1.1 0.6 1.7 0.7 1.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 1.2 -1.6
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 -0.7 -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 1.6 2.5 7.1 -0.2 2.5 2.2 -0.4 -0.1 2.2 0.8 2.7 0.9 1.2 0.3 1.1 -2.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 1.2 1.5 5.6 2.2 0.5 -0.7 2.4 0.4 -0.3 -1.0 0.8 -1.1 -0.9 1.5 -0.6 1.2
Had menopause 0.3 0.4 1.8 -0.0 -0.7 -0.8 0.9 0.9 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 0.7 0.0 -0.3 1.3
Had other major operations 0.4 0.4 1.4 -1.2 -0.7 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.6 0.6 0.8 -1.0 -0.3 0.7
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.6 2.3 5.2 1.0 -1.0 -1.8 1.3 -1.7 -1.5 -2.1 -0.9 -1.9 -2.3 1.5 -0.4 1.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.4 1.0 2.8 -0.6 0.6 1.3 0.9 -0.7 0.2 1.6 -0.2 1.1 0.5 -1.7 -1.3 -0.8
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.8 1.0 2.2 -1.5 0.0 1.1 -0.3 -0.5 0.2 1.3 -0.6 1.4 0.9 -1.5 -0.5 -1.1
Qualifications: None of the above 2.7 5.8 11.6 -1.9 2.9 2.9 -2.4 -1.3 2.7 3.4 1.7 2.8 2.9 -2.5 1.2 -0.9
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 1.3 1.7 6.8 -1.5 0.2 1.0 -2.4 -0.0 -0.7 0.6 -0.6 1.1 0.4 -1.8 2.6 -0.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems 3.3 5.1 12.0 2.9 -1.0 -2.5 2.2 0.9 -0.9 -3.2 0.4 -3.5 -2.9 3.1 -0.1 2.0
Heart attack 1.5 1.9 5.8 -0.6 1.7 0.9 -0.4 0.6 2.4 1.0 2.3 1.0 1.9 0.7 1.4 -1.0
Allergy 0.3 0.7 3.0 0.3 0.8 -0.2 -1.3 -0.8 0.3 -0.6 1.0 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 1.7 0.6
Pain all over the body in last month 0.4 0.5 2.8 0.4 -0.4 -0.8 -0.2 1.7 -1.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.1
Diabetes (self-reported) 11.2 17.3 37.5 6.1 -2.6 -4.2 3.8 -0.1 -3.2 -5.6 0.3 -5.9 -5.9 4.6 0.6 4.0
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.9 1.2 3.5 -0.9 -1.1 -0.4 -1.2 1.4 -0.5 1.4 -1.9 0.9 0.5 -1.4 -0.9 -0.9
Medication: Ramipril 1.9 2.4 7.5 2.0 -0.1 -1.0 2.5 -0.6 0.0 -1.6 1.0 -1.9 -1.5 2.7 1.1 1.2
Medication: Simvastatin 1.5 2.2 5.4 2.3 -0.9 -1.6 1.6 0.8 -0.3 -1.4 0.0 -2.3 -1.6 1.9 0.9 1.6
Fluid intelligence score 5.6 11.7 25.4 4.6 -3.0 -3.7 3.7 0.8 -2.7 -4.5 -0.9 -4.5 -5.0 4.2 -1.2 1.5
Illnesses of siblings 0.5 0.7 5.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 -2.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.2 -0.0 -1.0
Neuroticism score 0.6 1.2 4.0 -1.1 0.7 1.2 -0.6 -0.3 1.2 1.6 -0.1 1.6 0.8 -0.9 -0.4 -2.0
Weight 0.2 1.0 3.2 -1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 -0.5 0.1 1.0 -0.2 1.4 1.0 -1.8 1.2 0.6
Impedance of arm (right) 4.2 19.8 42.8 6.4 -2.7 -4.2 4.7 0.5 -3.3 -6.0 -0.6 -6.2 -6.5 5.3 -2.9 2.1
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.3 1.4 5.1 -1.4 0.1 0.8 -0.1 1.6 -0.2 1.3 -1.1 1.7 1.1 -2.2 -0.7 -0.4
Trunk fat-free mass 0.3 1.6 10.3 -0.1 1.4 0.6 1.1 -2.1 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 -0.6 3.2 1.2
Hip circumference 0.5 2.3 6.8 -2.0 1.1 1.3 -0.1 0.1 0.8 2.2 -0.5 2.4 2.1 -2.6 0.1 -0.4
Time employed in main current job 1.1 1.3 2.9 0.9 0.1 -1.4 0.6 -1.3 -0.6 -1.6 -0.2 -1.5 -0.7 1.1 -1.5 1.7
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 1.1 1.6 6.1 -0.1 1.8 1.4 0.1 -0.1 1.4 0.8 2.0 0.8 1.0 -0.1 2.5 1.2
Father’s age at death 2.1 2.8 8.6 0.2 -2.2 -2.1 0.5 -0.8 -2.9 -1.9 -2.6 -1.3 -1.4 -0.0 -1.3 1.2
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.5 1.0 4.4 0.3 -1.1 -0.5 0.1 1.6 -0.8 -0.4 -1.6 0.0 -0.8 0.2 -2.1 -1.0
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.8 1.3 4.0 -1.0 0.9 1.3 0.3 -2.0 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.4 1.1 -2.0 0.3 0.6
Falls in the last year 1.2 1.7 3.0 -1.7 1.0 1.1 -1.5 0.2 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.5 1.7 -1.6 0.7 -1.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.7 1.0 3.4 -1.6 -1.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -1.1 -0.1 -1.8 0.3 0.5 -0.8 0.1 -0.2
Number of live births 0.9 1.3 5.1 0.7 -0.6 -1.1 0.4 0.4 -0.9 -1.7 0.2 -1.1 -0.6 0.7 1.8 2.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.9 3.0 5.5 1.1 -1.6 -2.0 2.0 -1.3 -1.6 -2.4 -1.1 -2.2 -2.3 1.6 -0.7 1.7
Pulse rate 0.4 0.7 1.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6 -0.9 1.3 -1.2 -0.9 -1.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 -0.2 0.3
Happiness 1.3 1.6 6.2 -1.5 0.4 0.3 -2.5 -0.6 1.1 1.7 0.3 1.5 1.5 -0.4 1.4 -0.9
Noisy workplace 2.9 3.6 8.0 -2.7 0.8 2.1 -1.6 -1.4 1.0 2.8 -0.3 2.7 2.4 -2.4 -0.4 -1.2
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 1.2 2.7 6.5 1.3 -1.3 -2.0 2.1 -0.9 -1.4 -2.5 -0.7 -2.4 -1.5 1.9 -0.8 0.7
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.7 0.8 3.7 1.1 0.2 -0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 -1.1 1.1 -1.0 -0.9 1.9 -0.6 -0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 6.6 11.1 22.1 -3.4 2.6 3.5 -4.6 -0.3 2.6 4.7 0.9 4.4 4.0 -3.2 1.9 -3.7
Asthma 0.3 0.6 1.6 0.6 -0.9 -0.2 1.0 1.3 -1.1 -0.1 -0.8 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -1.0 0.7
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.9 1.2 2.6 -1.0 1.3 1.5 0.0 0.4 1.2 1.5 0.7 1.6 1.1 -0.6 -0.3 -1.4
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.9 1.3 2.9 1.6 -0.8 -1.2 0.9 1.4 -0.3 -1.1 -0.0 -1.7 -1.1 1.4 0.9 1.2
Depression (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 2.2 -1.1 0.9 1.5 -0.9 -0.5 0.6 1.1 0.5 1.3 1.4 -1.5 0.7 -0.7
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.6 -0.7 -0.0 1.1 -0.5 0.7 0.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.2
Prospective memory result 2.4 3.0 5.7 -2.0 1.9 2.1 -1.4 -1.2 2.1 2.4 1.1 1.8 2.1 -1.6 1.1 -1.0
Lung cancer (father) 1.1 1.2 4.8 1.2 0.6 -0.7 -1.0 1.2 2.2 0.3 1.2 -0.8 0.3 1.9 0.2 -0.5
Illnesses of mother 3.0 3.7 7.2 -2.2 1.6 2.4 -1.6 0.4 1.6 2.0 0.9 2.4 2.4 -2.1 -1.1 -2.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.6 1.8 4.0 1.3 -0.6 -1.2 1.8 -1.3 -1.2 -2.0 -0.2 -1.7 -2.0 1.4 -0.6 0.8
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.5 -0.9 0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.7 0.7 -0.6 -0.5
Impedance of arm (left) 4.2 19.4 37.7 5.9 -3.3 -4.6 4.4 0.9 -3.4 -5.8 -1.5 -6.0 -6.1 5.1 -3.5 2.1
Arm fat mass (right) 0.4 1.5 6.0 -1.6 0.6 1.2 0.1 0.8 0.3 1.6 -0.6 2.0 1.6 -2.4 0.1 -0.1
Trunk predicted mass 0.3 1.6 9.7 -0.0 1.3 0.5 1.1 -2.0 -0.0 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.1 -0.6 3.1 1.3
Standing height 2.3 22.8 47.1 6.8 -0.7 -3.6 6.9 -4.0 -3.0 -6.1 1.3 -5.9 -6.3 5.1 1.8 4.7
Length of working week for main job 1.1 1.2 4.9 -1.2 -0.0 1.0 0.7 -2.2 0.3 1.5 -0.1 1.5 1.0 -1.1 1.0 -0.2
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 2.4 2.7 6.0 -1.9 1.0 1.5 -2.2 1.0 1.0 2.4 -0.4 2.5 0.9 -2.0 0.2 -2.1
Breastfed as a baby 1.0 1.2 3.1 0.7 -0.8 -1.6 0.8 1.4 0.1 -1.0 -0.1 -1.1 -0.3 1.8 -1.4 1.6
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 1.2 1.9 3.4 -1.3 1.3 1.7 -1.3 -1.6 1.3 1.9 0.4 1.6 1.4 -1.1 0.9 -1.6
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.2 1.8 9.3 -1.2 -1.0 -0.3 -3.0 2.0 -0.8 0.6 -1.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.7 0.9 -1.6
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 1.8 4.3 9.4 -2.0 1.8 2.9 -2.0 -0.9 2.1 3.1 1.0 2.7 2.6 -1.8 0.5 -1.6
Birth weight of first child 0.4 0.7 2.3 -1.0 -0.6 -0.1 0.4 -1.5 -0.7 0.5 -1.4 0.4 0.5 -1.0 -0.6 0.0
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.2 0.5 2.1 0.2 -0.5 -0.4 1.4 0.8 -0.2 -1.3 0.4 -0.6 -0.5 0.5 -0.4 0.8
Pulse wave reflection index 1.6 1.9 4.8 -1.5 0.9 1.8 -0.9 -0.4 1.3 2.2 0.2 1.9 1.4 -1.3 0.0 -2.0
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.8 1.0 2.7 -1.3 0.8 1.6 -0.4 -0.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.5 0.9 -1.1 0.8 -0.4
Loud music exposure frequency 1.1 1.2 2.3 0.5 -1.4 -1.3 1.0 -1.0 -1.2 -1.5 -1.0 -1.4 -1.1 0.4 -1.1 0.6
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 3.0 4.8 10.2 1.9 -2.2 -2.6 3.2 -0.1 -1.8 -2.6 -1.2 -2.7 -2.4 2.3 -2.3 1.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.6 -0.3 0.2 1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.8 0.8
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 1.9 2.4 4.3 1.4 -1.7 -2.0 1.9 -0.3 -2.1 -1.6 -1.8 -1.7 -1.6 0.7 -1.6 0.7
Medication: Paracetamol 1.4 2.4 5.1 -2.0 0.7 1.9 -1.9 0.9 0.8 1.8 0.1 2.3 2.2 -1.6 -1.4 -0.3
Headache pain in last month 0.5 0.8 3.9 0.5 -1.0 -0.6 1.1 0.7 -0.8 -0.6 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 0.4 -2.0 0.8
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 1.2 2.0 3.8 -1.8 1.3 1.7 -1.4 -1.3 1.3 1.6 0.6 2.0 1.5 -1.2 -0.9 -1.1
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.9 2.2 4.6 2.1 -1.0 -1.8 2.0 -0.7 -1.1 -1.9 -0.3 -1.9 -1.7 1.4 0.3 1.5
Gout (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.9 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 0.4 0.9 -0.9 -0.6 0.0
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.5 0.9 5.3 0.6 -1.2 -0.7 2.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.9 -0.3 -0.8 -0.0 0.7 -0.9 1.2
Medication: Amlodipine 1.8 2.5 6.7 1.9 -1.7 -2.6 -0.0 -0.4 -1.1 -1.6 -0.7 -2.1 -2.1 1.9 -0.2 1.2
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.4 0.6 2.2 -0.4 -0.7 0.0 0.2 1.0 -0.9 0.5 -1.1 0.6 -0.2 -1.5 -0.3 0.8
Birth weight 2.3 5.0 11.7 -3.0 2.0 2.1 -2.2 -1.4 2.4 3.0 0.8 2.9 3.4 -1.6 1.1 -1.4
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 1.1 1.3 3.7 -1.8 0.1 1.0 -0.5 0.1 0.5 1.9 -0.5 1.8 1.6 -1.5 0.4 -0.1
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.7 1.0 3.6 1.5 0.6 -0.6 1.7 0.8 0.1 -0.4 0.4 -0.7 -0.7 1.1 -0.1 1.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.4 1.6 4.4 1.4 0.2 -0.9 1.4 -1.5 -0.8 -1.8 0.3 -1.5 -2.1 1.6 0.1 0.2
Body fat percentage 0.2 0.9 2.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.1 0.4 1.6 -0.4 0.7 -1.4 0.8 0.6 -1.6 -1.2 -0.0
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.3 0.9 3.2 -1.2 -0.5 0.2 0.0 1.4 -0.2 1.1 -1.4 1.0 0.8 -1.8 -0.5 0.1
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.4 2.1 6.8 -1.3 1.4 1.3 0.3 -2.0 0.7 1.3 0.7 1.7 1.5 -1.9 2.6 0.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.8 1.0 3.0 -0.4 1.2 1.3 -0.2 0.3 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.4 -0.1 1.7 -0.9
Comparative body size at age 10 0.3 1.0 3.2 -0.8 -1.8 -1.4 -0.6 0.5 -1.0 -0.8 -1.8 -0.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.9 0.4
Number of full brothers 0.6 0.8 3.2 -1.0 0.0 -0.6 -1.8 0.4 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.2 1.1 0.9 -0.4 0.4
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.3 0.5 2.8 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 -1.7 -1.2
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.9 1.2 4.8 -1.5 -0.9 -0.3 -1.1 2.2 -0.3 0.4 -1.3 0.9 0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -1.1
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 2.1 3.7 7.5 -1.7 1.3 1.7 -2.3 0.7 1.5 2.7 0.8 2.2 2.2 -2.3 2.4 -1.8
Number of children fathered 2.9 3.3 6.4 -2.0 2.0 2.2 -1.8 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.1 2.4 2.5 -0.8 -0.1 -1.7
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 2.3 2.7 7.0 0.1 -2.3 -2.3 1.0 0.2 -2.6 -2.1 -2.5 -1.5 -0.8 0.2 -0.2 1.7
Age at first live birth 1.3 2.4 5.7 2.0 -0.8 -1.3 1.9 -1.5 -1.0 -1.7 -0.4 -2.2 -2.4 1.8 -0.8 -0.0
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 0.1 0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.7 0.9
Health satisfaction 2.6 3.3 6.9 -2.0 1.6 2.0 -1.9 -1.1 1.9 2.4 1.2 2.2 2.6 -2.1 1.1 -0.0
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 2.3 2.8 6.3 -2.5 0.8 1.8 -1.9 -0.7 0.8 2.0 -0.2 2.2 2.1 -2.5 0.2 -1.4
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.9 2.8 6.9 0.9 -1.9 -2.6 1.1 0.3 -1.9 -2.6 -1.2 -2.3 -2.0 1.6 0.5 -0.4
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 1.3 1.5 4.7 -1.3 1.2 1.5 -1.3 -0.5 0.8 1.5 0.2 1.3 0.9 -1.2 -0.2 -2.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.8 0.9 2.4 -0.9 1.2 0.9 -1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.4 -1.6
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.3 0.4 1.2 -1.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 -1.1 0.1 0.7
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 1.7 2.9 7.3 2.2 -1.2 -2.3 0.5 -0.6 -1.4 -2.1 -0.3 -2.4 -2.7 2.0 1.0 0.4
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.4 0.2 0.5 -0.7 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1
Medication: Blood pressure 1.8 3.1 7.0 2.7 -1.0 -1.9 1.8 -0.2 -1.4 -2.1 -0.3 -2.6 -2.4 1.3 1.0 1.9
Angina (self-reported) 1.6 2.1 3.8 -1.4 1.0 1.2 -1.8 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 -0.9 1.9 -1.0
Migraine (self-reported) 1.0 1.2 4.7 -0.5 -2.0 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 -1.6 -0.1 -2.2 -0.4 -0.6 -1.1 -0.0 1.0
Medication: Ibuprofen 1.4 1.7 4.5 -1.2 1.1 1.8 -0.2 0.5 0.9 2.0 0.4 2.1 1.2 -1.5 0.0 -1.6
Medication: Allopurinol 0.3 0.3 0.9 -0.9 -0.0 0.8 0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.2 -0.5 0.6 0.7 -1.0 -0.5 0.3
Medication: Omeprazole 1.9 2.2 9.2 1.2 -1.1 -1.2 3.0 -0.0 -0.4 -1.9 0.1 -1.6 -0.4 1.6 -1.2 2.4
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.8 1.0 3.1 -0.9 0.7 1.3 -1.0 1.3 -0.1 0.9 -0.1 1.1 1.1 -1.8 0.7 -0.3
Mean time to correctly identify matches 1.4 2.6 8.9 -0.6 1.4 0.7 -3.0 0.7 2.4 1.7 1.4 0.6 2.0 0.6 1.5 -1.9
Heart disease (mother) 0.8 0.9 3.9 0.9 -0.2 -0.7 1.4 -1.6 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.6 1.1 2.0
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.7 2.0 9.6 0.8 -1.5 -1.0 3.1 0.6 -1.1 -1.7 -0.7 -1.3 -1.1 1.1 -1.2 1.6
Whole body fat mass 0.2 0.6 2.8 -0.8 -0.1 0.3 0.6 0.7 -0.3 0.7 -1.1 1.1 0.8 -1.7 -0.3 0.2
Leg fat mass (right) 0.3 1.3 5.2 -1.6 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.8 0.3 1.4 -0.8 1.7 1.4 -2.3 0.0 0.1
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.4 2.0 5.7 -1.3 1.4 1.2 0.6 -1.7 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.7 1.6 -1.7 2.4 0.9
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.7 2.4 9.1 -1.2 -2.1 -1.1 -0.3 0.5 -2.5 -0.6 -3.0 0.4 -0.2 -1.9 -1.9 0.8
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.6 1.4 3.7 -0.3 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.3 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.6 -0.2 0.3 0.6
Comparative height size at age 10 4.5 25.0 52.3 6.7 -1.8 -4.6 7.2 -3.1 -3.8 -6.1 0.3 -6.5 -6.5 5.3 1.7 5.1
Number of full sisters 0.6 0.7 2.3 -0.5 0.9 0.8 -0.1 0.1 1.5 1.5 0.4 0.8 1.0 -0.1 0.2 -1.0
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.3 0.4 2.0 0.9 0.8 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 -0.3 -1.4 0.5 0.5 -0.7
Overall health rating 1.3 2.9 7.6 -2.2 0.5 1.2 -1.7 0.4 1.2 2.5 -0.3 2.2 2.3 -2.8 1.4 -0.8
Chest pain or discomfort 2.1 3.1 7.0 -1.4 1.5 2.0 -1.1 -0.3 2.1 2.6 1.3 1.9 2.2 -1.2 2.2 -1.6
Had major operations 0.6 0.8 3.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 1.9 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 -1.7 1.1
Age at last live birth 1.6 2.3 5.3 1.6 -1.4 -1.2 1.8 0.6 -1.7 -1.8 -1.0 -1.8 -2.3 1.2 -1.6 0.0
Family relationship satisfaction 0.9 1.1 3.6 -1.0 0.7 0.7 -1.9 -0.2 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.0 -0.9 1.0 0.3
Leg pain on walking 0.6 0.8 2.4 -1.1 0.4 0.4 -1.6 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.9 1.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.5 0.6 2.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.6 -0.5 1.0 -0.7 0.3 -1.0 0.8 0.1 -1.2 -1.4 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 1.3 1.5 3.6 -1.1 1.1 1.3 0.4 -1.8 1.0 1.6 0.3 1.6 1.4 -1.9 -0.1 -0.0
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 1.2 1.5 2.9 1.7 -1.2 -1.4 1.1 -1.2 -1.5 -1.1 -0.9 -1.4 -1.6 0.3 -0.7 0.9
Medication: Aspirin 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 -0.3 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.0 0.2
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.6 0.7 2.6 0.1 0.9 0.9 -0.7 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.8
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.6 0.9 2.5 -0.6 0.0 1.2 -0.7 -0.1 0.4 1.6 -0.4 1.4 1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1
Hypertension (Self-reported) 4.6 12.7 23.4 4.5 -3.2 -4.4 3.6 -0.5 -3.6 -4.1 -1.8 -4.8 -4.8 3.1 1.0 3.4
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 1.0 1.2 2.8 0.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.7 1.0 7.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.8 0.1 0.1 -0.9 -1.0 0.3 -0.5 0.3 0.4 1.6 2.6
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.9 2.4 5.2 1.8 -0.4 -1.7 -0.5 2.0 0.1 -1.5 1.0 -2.1 -1.5 2.3 2.2 0.5
Smoking status: Previous 2.4 3.6 7.7 -2.0 1.6 2.5 -1.2 1.6 1.9 2.5 0.9 2.8 2.5 -1.4 -0.9 -1.6
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 2.8 5.7 15.0 3.8 -0.2 -1.3 2.0 -3.1 -0.9 -2.8 1.3 -3.2 -3.9 2.6 1.1 1.1
Whole body fat-free mass 0.3 2.0 8.4 -0.9 1.8 1.3 0.6 -1.8 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 -1.5 2.9 0.5
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.4 2.2 4.9 -1.6 1.8 1.6 0.0 -1.0 0.8 1.5 0.7 2.2 1.9 -1.9 1.9 -0.3
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.4 1.7 5.2 -1.5 -0.2 0.6 -0.3 1.9 -0.2 1.4 -1.4 1.7 1.3 -2.3 -1.1 -0.5
Average weekly red wine intake 2.9 4.2 10.0 2.0 -1.7 -2.3 1.9 -0.9 -2.3 -3.2 -0.7 -2.7 -2.1 1.7 -0.9 2.6
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.4 0.5 2.1 -0.7 -0.8 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 -0.5 0.0 -1.2 0.4 0.1 -0.3 -1.5 0.2
Mood swings 1.5 2.8 5.9 -1.8 1.5 2.1 -0.6 -1.4 1.9 2.4 0.6 2.4 1.7 -2.0 0.6 -1.0
Loneliness, isolation 1.7 2.4 6.0 -1.6 0.4 1.2 -1.1 0.4 1.2 2.5 0.1 2.3 2.0 -1.8 2.0 -0.9
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.4 0.7 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.9 -0.5 0.3 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.1 -0.3 0.3 -0.4
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.7 0.9 2.9 -1.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 -1.2 0.7 0.9 -0.8 -1.7 -1.2
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 10.9 17.9 36.9 6.1 -3.0 -4.6 3.6 0.1 -3.0 -5.6 -0.0 -6.0 -5.7 5.0 0.1 4.3
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 1.8 1.9 3.7 -0.7 1.6 1.9 -1.2 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 -0.0 0.4 -0.7
Friendships satisfaction 0.5 0.6 1.5 -1.2 -0.3 -0.2 -1.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 -0.3 0.9 0.6 -0.9 0.6 0.4
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.3 0.4 2.5 -0.2 0.7 -0.6 -0.2 1.6 -0.1 -0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.7 0.8 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.3 0.4 3.9 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.2 2.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.0
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.2 -0.7 -1.1 0.3 -1.0 -0.0 -0.6 0.1 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.6 1.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.8 1.2 7.3 -1.3 -1.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 -0.7 0.1 -1.2 0.9 0.8 -1.3 -2.7 0.2
Medication for cholesterol 1.0 1.5 4.4 -1.7 1.1 1.5 -2.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.2 1.6 0.9 -1.7 0.9 -0.7
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 2.9 3.4 10.8 -2.2 -0.5 1.2 -2.4 2.5 -0.5 1.4 -1.4 2.2 1.8 -3.3 -0.8 -1.3
Back pain experienced in last month 3.0 4.4 10.4 -2.2 1.1 1.3 -3.2 1.3 2.6 3.0 0.6 2.2 3.0 -0.1 0.8 -2.7
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.8 -0.5 1.2 0.5
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.9 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.9 -0.2 1.2
Asthma (self-reported) 0.3 0.6 2.2 0.4 -0.8 -0.1 0.9 1.5 -1.0 -0.1 -0.8 -0.2 -0.7 -0.7 -1.1 0.4
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.5 0.6 -0.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.0
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 1.1 1.4 3.4 -0.9 1.2 1.8 -0.2 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.8 1.6 -1.4 0.3 0.1
Medication: Aspirin 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 -0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.5
Medication: Gliclazide 8.9 10.0 19.8 4.0 -2.4 -3.6 3.5 0.8 -3.0 -4.5 -0.8 -4.1 -4.4 2.9 0.4 3.0
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 1.2 1.5 7.3 -1.2 0.9 1.5 -1.4 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.2 0.5 -0.7 -0.0 -2.7
Smoking status: Current 3.8 6.0 26.8 -3.2 0.9 1.8 -5.2 0.2 1.1 2.4 -0.4 2.3 2.2 -2.9 1.8 -2.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.1 0.3 0.9 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 0.6 -0.9 -0.3 0.1 -1.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.0 -0.5 0.4
Whole body water mass 0.4 2.1 8.6 -1.0 1.8 1.3 0.6 -1.8 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 -1.5 2.9 0.6
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.4 2.2 4.8 -1.6 1.8 1.6 0.0 -1.0 0.8 1.5 0.7 2.2 1.9 -1.9 1.9 -0.3
Arm fat mass (left) 0.3 1.4 5.3 -1.6 0.3 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.4 -0.9 1.8 1.4 -2.3 -0.1 -0.1
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 1.4 2.4 5.6 2.4 -1.2 -1.5 1.9 1.6 -1.5 -1.6 -0.5 -2.0 -1.6 1.5 0.0 1.4
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.3 0.4 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 -1.0 0.3 0.0 1.0 -0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.7 0.4 -1.5
Miserableness 1.1 1.9 6.2 -1.9 0.2 1.1 -1.2 -0.8 0.1 1.8 -1.0 1.9 1.2 -2.5 0.4 -1.5
Guilty feelings 0.7 1.0 3.3 -0.7 0.7 1.3 -0.1 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.3 1.2 0.7 -0.3 -1.6 -1.8
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.7 0.8 3.3 -0.3 -1.1 -1.2 1.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.7 -1.2 -0.6 0.1 0.7 -1.8 0.8
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 0.9 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.5 -0.7
Hearing aid user 1.0 1.2 3.6 -0.1 1.3 1.0 -0.2 1.9 0.6 1.3 0.6 1.1 0.9 -1.4 1.3 -0.8
Mother’s age at death 1.9 2.4 7.1 -0.1 -2.3 -2.7 -0.7 0.0 -1.8 -1.5 -2.5 -1.5 -0.8 0.9 -0.6 1.5
Financial situation satisfaction 6.7 8.3 18.9 -3.2 2.2 3.1 -4.3 0.8 2.5 3.7 1.0 3.8 3.3 -3.1 0.9 -2.3
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 1.1 1.3 3.5 1.2 -1.2 -0.5 1.8 -1.8 -0.2 0.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.7 0.7 -1.9 1.2
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.5 0.6 4.2 -0.7 -0.4 -0.0 -0.6 2.1 -0.2 0.5 -0.9 0.2 0.4 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.5 0.6 1.7 1.0 -0.3 -0.8 1.0 -0.0 -0.5 -1.3 -0.1 -1.0 -0.9 0.7 0.5 1.0
Medication: Blood pressure 3.1 5.9 14.0 3.7 -1.6 -2.3 3.4 -0.8 -1.6 -2.5 -0.4 -3.2 -3.1 3.0 -1.2 1.8
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 3.0 3.7 7.3 -2.5 1.9 2.4 -2.0 -0.0 1.8 2.2 0.7 2.6 2.7 -2.0 0.3 -1.1
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.4 0.5 3.7 0.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8 -0.0 -0.2 0.1 -1.0 -0.3 0.2 -0.0 -1.9 -0.5
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 1.0 1.7 3.9 1.8 -1.2 -1.5 1.6 0.5 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7 -2.0 -1.3 1.8 -0.8 1.2
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 5.6 8.5 14.8 3.0 -3.4 -3.8 2.5 -0.5 -3.3 -3.1 -2.5 -3.6 -3.6 1.6 -0.1 3.5
Medication: Paracetamol 1.7 2.6 6.2 -2.4 0.0 1.6 -2.0 1.3 0.5 1.9 -0.4 2.5 2.1 -2.1 -0.9 -0.6
Medication: Lisinopril 0.4 0.6 2.8 1.2 -0.5 -0.3 1.7 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.6 -0.9 0.2 -0.8 0.3
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.1 -1.0 -1.1 -0.2 0.8 -0.9 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 0.5 0.1 1.0
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 2.0 2.5 6.5 1.3 -1.7 -1.9 2.5 0.4 -1.5 -1.8 -1.1 -1.6 -1.6 1.1 -1.0 2.0
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.5 -0.3 -0.7 1.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 0.3 -0.6 -0.1 0.8 -0.5 1.3
Ever smoked 5.2 9.2 16.9 -3.4 2.5 3.6 -4.1 2.3 2.6 3.4 1.3 3.7 3.4 -2.4 0.4 -3.9
Basal metabolic rate 0.3 1.6 5.8 -1.0 1.5 1.1 0.7 -1.4 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.1 -1.6 2.4 0.6
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.3 1.1 3.1 -1.4 -0.2 0.5 -0.7 1.4 0.2 1.5 -1.1 1.4 1.2 -1.8 -0.4 -0.4
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.4 2.1 7.6 -1.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 -1.8 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.6 1.2 -1.8 2.8 1.1
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.6 0.8 4.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.1 1.7 -0.3 0.4 -0.4 1.2 0.7 -0.5 -2.2 -0.4
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.5 0.7 1.9 -0.7 1.0 1.3 -1.0 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.5 -0.0 0.2 -1.4
Irritability 0.6 1.0 3.1 0.7 -0.7 -1.1 -0.8 -1.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -1.3 -1.1 0.1 1.8 0.5
Risk taking 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.4 0.8 -0.5
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.8 0.9 3.4 -1.4 -0.4 0.1 -1.4 0.6 -0.4 0.4 -1.1 0.6 1.2 -0.9 0.3 -1.8
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.2 0.3 1.8 -0.2 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -1.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.0 0.1 -0.6 0.6 0.0
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.3 0.3 1.4 -1.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.5 0.3 0.9 -0.5 0.5 0.1
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.2 0.5 2.5 0.4 0.1 -0.7 1.2 0.1 -1.0 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.5 1.6
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.7 0.9 2.0 -1.2 0.3 0.8 -0.6 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.1 0.9 -0.4 -0.7 -1.4
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 1.2 1.6 5.2 -1.9 0.2 0.4 -2.3 1.1 0.7 1.2 -0.5 1.4 1.4 -1.7 1.2 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 3.0 3.6 7.5 2.2 -1.5 -2.3 1.3 -1.0 -1.3 -2.5 -0.1 -2.7 -2.6 2.7 0.9 1.4
Myopia 0.5 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.4 -0.0 -0.5 1.3 0.4 -0.6 0.8 -0.7 -1.1 1.2 0.2 -1.3
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 2.8 7.7 14.9 -3.8 2.1 3.4 -2.6 0.0 2.3 3.0 0.8 3.9 3.9 -2.9 -1.5 -2.8
Cholesterol lowering medication 2.5 3.6 6.5 2.5 -1.8 -2.2 2.5 1.0 -1.3 -2.2 -0.2 -2.5 -1.7 2.4 -0.1 2.0
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 2.0 2.4 11.1 0.9 -1.5 -1.5 3.3 0.3 -0.6 -1.8 -0.5 -1.3 0.0 1.1 -1.5 2.5
Pain experienced in last month 0.8 1.3 3.5 1.1 -0.1 -1.1 1.3 0.2 -0.1 -1.6 0.8 -1.8 -1.5 1.9 0.2 0.4
Supplements: Calcium 0.7 0.7 3.5 -1.4 -0.8 -0.4 -1.9 0.7 0.5 0.8 -0.4 0.5 0.6 -0.4 0.7 -0.8
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.6 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.8 -0.5 -0.2 0.0
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.5 2.0 5.9 -0.7 1.7 0.9 -0.6 0.6 2.4 0.9 2.3 1.1 1.9 0.7 1.6 -1.0
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 2.0 2.6 4.5 1.3 -1.9 -2.1 2.1 -0.1 -2.0 -1.6 -1.9 -1.7 -1.4 0.7 -1.8 0.8
Heart disease (siblings) 2.2 2.7 6.6 -1.5 1.3 1.4 -2.4 0.7 2.2 2.2 0.9 1.7 2.6 -1.0 0.3 -1.2
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.8 0.9 3.7 -1.0 -1.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.5 -0.6 0.4 -1.6 0.7 0.6 -1.4 -1.9 -0.1
Pack years of smoking 1.4 2.1 6.7 -0.7 2.3 1.6 -1.1 -0.0 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.0 1.1 -0.5 2.6 -1.2
Impedance of whole body 4.1 20.9 44.0 6.3 -3.3 -4.5 4.6 0.1 -3.3 -6.0 -1.0 -6.4 -6.6 5.4 -3.0 2.7
Leg fat mass (left) 0.4 1.6 5.3 -1.7 0.5 1.1 -0.4 0.8 0.5 1.7 -0.6 1.9 1.7 -2.3 0.2 -0.2
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.5 2.4 8.5 -1.3 1.6 1.4 0.8 -2.1 0.7 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.4 -1.9 2.9 1.0