Hub : Genes

NBAS

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.1370 0.0300 2.2e-16 0.136 0.150 0.151 0.155 0.145 3.1e-16 7.7e-18 6.1e-18 2.0e-18 2.9e-17
2 GTEx Brain Cerebellar Hemisphere 0.2880 0.0820 7.0e-05 0.220 NA 0.170 NA 0.168 2.4e-06 NA 3.9e-05 NA 4.4e-05
3 GTEx Brain Cerebellum 0.2420 0.0790 3.8e-04 0.058 NA 0.075 NA 0.062 8.3e-03 NA 3.1e-03 NA 6.5e-03
4 GTEx Brain Cortex 0.1470 0.0630 5.5e-03 0.103 NA 0.053 NA 0.088 8.9e-04 NA 1.4e-02 NA 2.0e-03
5 GTEx Brain Frontal Cortex BA9 0.2876 0.1065 1.9e-03 0.002 NA -0.001 NA 0.042 2.8e-01 NA 3.5e-01 NA 2.8e-02
6 GTEx Heart Atrial Appendage 0.2930 0.0680 2.6e-08 0.114 NA 0.154 NA 0.174 8.9e-06 NA 2.0e-07 NA 3.1e-08
7 GTEx Heart Left Ventricle 0.1116 0.0473 3.6e-03 0.012 NA 0.010 NA 0.006 7.2e-02 NA 8.6e-02 NA 1.4e-01
8 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.1140 0.0363 2.2e-05 0.088 NA 0.041 NA 0.066 8.9e-07 NA 6.6e-04 NA 2.1e-05
9 GTEx Testis 0.1870 0.0540 5.6e-07 0.148 NA 0.155 NA 0.147 4.1e-07 NA 2.1e-07 NA 4.5e-07
10 GTEx Thyroid 0.0790 0.0300 4.9e-04 0.047 NA 0.040 NA 0.046 1.7e-04 NA 4.5e-04 NA 2.0e-04
11 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0411 0.0181 3.2e-03 0.020 0.018 0.013 0.018 0.011 1.0e-03 1.7e-03 6.7e-03 2.0e-03 1.2e-02
12 YFS Blood 0.0156 0.0071 4.3e-03 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.006 4.7e-03 2.4e-02 2.6e-02 1.9e-02 4.0e-03
13 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.0240 0.0140 1.0e-02 0.019 0.013 -0.002 NA 0.003 5.0e-03 1.9e-02 6.6e-01 NA 1.7e-01

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.2 0.3 1.8 0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 1.1 -0.2 0.4 0.1 -1.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 1.7 4.1 13.6 -2.0 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -1.7 1.9 1.8 -2.2 -3.7 -1.8 -1.4 2.2 -1.5
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 1.1 2.4 7.9 -1.6 -1.4 -2.8 -1.8 0.4 1.2 1.2 -1.8 -2.1 -1.1 -0.8 0.8 -1.5
Depression (Nagel 2018) 1.6 2.3 4.3 -1.3 -1.6 -2.1 -1.4 -0.7 1.4 1.2 -2.0 -2.0 -1.6 -1.2 1.3 -1.4
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 1.4 4.3 9.2 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.1 1.8 -2.1 -1.5 1.9 3.0 2.6 1.0 -1.7 1.8
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.7 3.2 -0.6 -0.7 -1.4 -0.5 1.6 0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -1.8 -0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1
Schizophrenia (2018) 3.2 6.5 13.4 -2.7 -2.2 -2.0 -2.3 -3.1 2.5 2.0 -2.8 -3.7 -2.5 -2.1 2.8 -2.0
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 2.1 2.8 5.6 -2.4 -1.3 -1.1 -1.6 -2.3 1.9 1.1 -1.9 -0.6 -1.3 -1.2 2.2 -1.6
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.4 0.9 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.5 -0.9 -1.5 0.6 -1.2 1.1 1.0 -0.8 1.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.6 0.7 3.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.1 -0.7 -0.6 0.5 0.4 -0.8 -1.8 -0.9 -0.6 0.8 -0.7
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.5 0.5 1.8 -0.3 -0.8 -0.5 -0.6 -1.4 0.7 0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.6 0.9 -0.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.6 0.8 2.3 -0.5 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7 -1.1 0.6 0.4 -0.8 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 1.1 -0.7
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.5 1.1 2.4 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 1.3 1.4 -0.9 -0.7 -1.6 -0.7 0.6 -0.9
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.6 1.4 2.6 -1.2 -1.0 -1.4 -1.3 -0.5 1.4 1.4 -1.1 -0.2 -1.6 -1.4 0.3 -1.3
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.6 1.2 2.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.3 -1.4 0.3 1.3 1.2 -1.1 0.0 -1.2 -1.5 0.6 -1.3
Major Depression (MDD) 1.5 1.8 6.4 -0.9 -1.3 -1.9 -1.1 -1.8 0.9 1.7 -0.9 -2.5 -1.1 -0.3 0.7 -0.8
Reaction Time 0.7 1.4 2.9 -1.5 -0.7 -1.0 -1.2 -0.4 1.6 0.3 -1.5 0.5 -0.6 -1.7 1.6 -1.3
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 1.0 2.4 7.5 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 -1.4 -1.3 1.2 2.7 2.2 1.1 -1.2 1.1
Breast Cancer 0.3 0.7 3.1 -1.1 -0.7 -0.2 -0.6 -1.1 0.4 0.7 -0.6 -1.8 -0.5 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7
Ovarian Cancer 0.3 0.4 1.9 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -1.4 0.5 0.1 -0.7 -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.6
Prostate Cancer 2.0 2.8 8.9 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.8 -0.0 -1.7 -1.3 1.9 3.0 1.6 1.7 -1.1 1.7
Age at First Birth 0.6 0.9 4.0 0.2 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.3 -1.0 -1.0 1.0 -0.3 1.1 0.2 -2.0 0.8
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 1.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.1
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.6 0.8 2.7 -0.9 -0.1 -0.4 -0.7 -1.6 0.6 -0.3 -1.1 -1.7 -0.6 -0.5 0.5 -0.8
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.6 -0.1
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.3 0.5 1.1 -0.9 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0 0.8 0.4 -0.5 -0.8 -0.7 -0.3 0.2 -0.7
Mean Putamen Volume 3.5 4.0 7.4 -2.1 -2.6 -2.7 -2.1 -1.4 1.9 1.9 -2.1 -1.8 -1.4 -2.2 1.0 -2.0
Fasting Glucose 0.6 0.7 2.8 -1.7 -0.9 -0.7 -0.9 -0.4 1.1 0.2 -0.4 0.1 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 -1.1
HbA1C 0.9 1.0 2.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.3 -1.2 -0.8 1.0 -0.5 -1.5 -1.3 -0.5 0.1 0.4 -1.2
HDL Cholesterol 1.2 2.0 3.2 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.3 -1.2 -1.5 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.5 -1.2 1.3
LDL Cholesterol 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.8 0.7 -0.9
Lupus 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.5 0.3
Neuroticism (2016) 0.3 0.4 2.6 -0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 -1.6 -0.1 0.4 -0.8 0.3
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 1.7 2.4 5.2 -1.1 -1.7 -2.3 -1.6 -0.6 1.6 1.3 -1.7 -0.5 -1.9 -1.6 1.4 -1.7
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.7 -0.2 -0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.1
Schizophrenia (2014) 3.0 6.6 11.8 -2.8 -2.5 -2.1 -2.5 -2.4 2.6 2.6 -2.9 -3.4 -2.2 -2.0 2.9 -2.1
Triglycerides 2.5 4.1 6.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.2 -1.6 -2.0 1.9 2.5 -1.9 -2.0 -1.5 -1.6 2.0 -1.8
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.2 1.4 4.0 -1.0 -1.2 -1.2 -1.0 0.0 1.4 0.4 -1.4 -1.3 -1.0 -1.2 2.0 -1.0
Ulcerative Colitis 0.8 1.2 2.5 -1.0 -1.0 -1.3 -1.4 -0.7 1.3 0.8 -1.3 -0.3 -1.1 -0.9 0.9 -1.6
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.0 0.3 2.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.3 1.4 0.6 0.6 -0.3 0.4 -0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.1
Blood Platelet Count 0.0 0.4 1.8 -0.9 -0.5 -1.3 -0.7 -0.3 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.7 0.1 0.3 -0.3
Blood Red Count 0.1 1.1 3.2 -0.7 -1.1 -0.7 -0.9 -0.6 0.9 0.3 -0.9 -1.8 -1.3 -1.7 0.4 -0.6
Blood White Count 0.6 4.2 6.7 -2.2 -2.0 -2.2 -2.1 -2.6 2.6 1.1 -2.4 -1.1 -2.3 -2.2 1.5 -1.7
Heel T-Score 0.1 0.9 2.0 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 -1.0 -1.1 0.8 1.3 0.8 -0.5 -1.4 0.5
BMI 2.2 12.5 18.8 -4.2 -2.8 -2.7 -3.9 -2.9 4.0 2.6 -4.3 -3.3 -4.1 -4.0 3.0 -3.3
Height 0.0 0.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.6 -0.7 -0.6 0.6 0.4 -0.1 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.2
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.7 3.1 5.9 -1.2 -2.4 -2.0 -1.7 -1.7 1.9 1.0 -1.6 -2.2 -2.2 -1.0 1.8 -1.4
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.8 4.2 8.8 -1.8 -2.2 -1.7 -1.8 -0.9 2.0 2.8 -2.0 -3.0 -2.3 -2.1 1.7 -1.4
Smoking Status 1.6 3.9 12.6 -1.2 -1.5 -1.7 -1.6 -3.5 1.9 1.6 -2.1 -2.4 -2.1 -1.6 1.5 -2.1
Allergy or Eczema 0.4 1.0 2.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.1 -0.9 -1.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.5 -1.7 0.8
Cardiovascular Disease 0.3 1.1 3.1 -0.7 -1.4 -1.1 -1.1 -0.5 1.1 0.5 -1.2 -0.8 -1.7 -0.5 1.3 -1.1
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.4 0.9 2.0 -0.2 -0.9 -1.2 -1.0 -0.3 1.1 1.2 -1.1 0.4 -1.4 -0.3 1.1 -1.2
Respiratory disease 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.4 -0.0 -0.5 -1.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 -0.1 0.4
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 2.1 10.5 26.3 -1.6 -3.9 -5.1 -2.8 -3.9 3.6 2.4 -3.3 -2.6 -3.5 -1.6 3.5 -2.5
Lung FVC 0.2 0.8 3.8 -0.3 -0.7 -2.0 -0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 -0.5 -1.5 -0.8 -0.0 1.0 0.0
Neuroticism 0.2 0.5 4.4 -0.0 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3 1.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -2.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.3
Chronotype (morning person) 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.1
Hair Pigment 0.1 1.7 3.4 -1.0 -1.9 -1.4 -1.0 -1.1 1.5 1.2 -1.7 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0 1.5 -1.3
Tanning 0.1 1.1 2.0 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.0 -1.2 -0.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 -0.5 0.8
Hand grip strength (left) 0.4 1.0 2.8 -1.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.8 -1.7 1.3 -0.0 -1.2 -1.6 -1.4 -0.4 0.7 -0.9
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.4 0.7 1.9 -0.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.6 -1.0 0.8 1.0 -0.7 -1.1 -1.4 0.6 0.5 -0.7
Average weekly spirits intake 0.7 0.8 2.7 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.4 -0.4 -1.3 -1.1 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.7 -1.7 1.0
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 2.0 3.4 6.9 1.6 2.2 2.6 2.0 1.0 -2.0 -1.3 2.2 0.3 1.7 1.2 -2.0 2.3
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 2.7 3.8 7.2 -2.0 -1.9 -2.3 -1.9 -1.4 1.8 1.7 -2.4 -2.7 -2.1 -1.5 1.4 -1.8
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 4.2 6.4 9.0 -2.5 -2.0 -3.0 -2.7 -1.8 3.0 2.3 -2.8 -2.4 -2.1 -2.5 2.7 -2.7
Relative age of first facial hair 1.3 2.6 6.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.5 -1.9 -0.3 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.7 -2.2 1.7
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.9 1.2 2.2 -1.1 -1.5 -1.4 -1.1 0.1 1.3 0.2 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.6 1.2 -1.3
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.7 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2 0.7 0.8 -0.1 1.0 -0.2 -0.1
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.6 -0.7 -0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 -1.0 0.1
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.7 4.9 9.0 -2.2 -1.7 -1.8 -2.1 0.3 2.5 3.0 -2.1 -2.5 -2.3 -3.0 2.5 -1.5
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.4 -0.7 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.8 -0.1 -0.6 -0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.0
Angina 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.1
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.4 0.4 2.7 0.1 0.3 -0.6 0.4 -1.6 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -1.2 -0.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.0
Vitamin and mineral supplements 2.0 2.7 8.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 3.0 -1.6 -1.3 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.3 -1.0 1.6
Supplements: Zinc 0.4 0.4 1.4 -1.2 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 0.6 0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.1 -1.1 0.5 -0.2
Medication: Co-codamol 3.6 4.2 5.9 -2.4 -1.9 -2.3 -2.2 -1.4 2.2 2.3 -2.2 -2.4 -1.8 -1.0 1.7 -2.2
Medication: Metformin 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.4 -1.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.7 -0.0 0.3 0.2 -0.3
Diabetes (father) 8.1 10.1 20.5 -3.1 -3.0 -2.0 -3.5 -2.6 3.2 3.0 -3.8 -4.5 -3.4 -2.7 2.4 -3.3
Diabetes (mother) 1.9 2.4 3.6 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 -0.3 1.8 1.8 -1.6 -1.5 -1.6 -1.6 1.9 -1.7
Severe depression (siblings) 0.4 0.5 2.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.7 -0.4 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 -0.9 -1.7 -0.6 -0.5 0.6 -0.2
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.4 0.6 1.9 -0.2 -0.8 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 0.7 0.7 -0.5 -1.4 -0.7 -0.3 0.9 -0.7
Impedance of leg (right) 0.3 1.4 3.8 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.9 -1.1 -1.0 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.2 -0.0 0.8
Leg fat-free mass (left) 1.7 8.7 16.7 -2.8 -2.4 -2.3 -3.0 -4.1 3.1 2.8 -3.5 -2.9 -3.0 -2.9 2.5 -2.8
Trunk fat percentage 2.5 10.2 14.4 -3.8 -2.3 -3.0 -3.6 -2.6 3.8 2.2 -3.5 -2.8 -3.6 -3.6 3.0 -3.1
Hand grip strength (right) 0.2 0.4 1.7 -0.8 0.2 0.3 -0.4 -1.3 0.8 0.3 -0.6 -0.9 -0.9 -0.4 0.2 -0.3
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 8.8 12.4 16.7 -3.4 -3.6 -3.8 -3.5 -3.1 3.8 3.2 -4.1 -2.9 -4.0 -3.5 3.1 -3.6
Current tobacco smoking 1.0 1.7 3.6 -0.9 -1.3 -1.2 -1.3 -1.9 1.5 0.5 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -0.5 1.3 -1.7
Average weekly fortified wine intake 2.2 2.6 5.5 1.4 2.4 1.6 1.8 1.2 -1.7 -1.5 1.7 1.4 1.8 0.6 -1.1 2.1
Maternal smoking around birth 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.9 -0.8 0.0 0.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.8
Fed-up feelings 4.3 7.8 10.9 -3.3 -2.7 -3.1 -3.0 -1.8 2.7 2.8 -3.2 -3.2 -2.7 -2.5 1.8 -2.7
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 2.7 3.6 5.1 -2.1 -2.0 -2.2 -2.0 -2.1 1.9 1.2 -2.3 -1.9 -1.6 -1.1 1.6 -2.0
Relative age voice broke 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.4 -0.4 -0.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 -0.0 -1.3 0.2
Taking other prescription medications 0.4 0.7 1.6 -1.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.8 -0.3 0.9 0.2 -0.8 -1.3 -1.1 0.7 1.2 -0.6
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.4 1.1 3.6 1.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 -0.1 -1.0 -1.5 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.1 -0.3 1.0
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.9 -1.2 -0.8 -0.5 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.6
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.2 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.8 -1.1 -0.6 -1.1 0.6 -0.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.9 0.4
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 1.9 2.1 3.9 -2.0 -1.6 -1.1 -1.7 -0.5 1.8 1.2 -1.9 -0.9 -1.1 -1.0 1.3 -1.7
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 1.0 1.3 3.1 -0.9 -1.5 -1.2 -1.1 -0.3 1.2 0.2 -1.1 -1.5 -1.8 -0.5 1.0 -1.6
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.2 0.3 1.6 -0.3 0.1 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 -1.2 -0.1 -0.8 0.1 0.9 0.2 -0.3
High blood pressure 0.9 2.5 4.8 -1.6 -1.5 -1.2 -1.6 -1.4 1.6 1.2 -1.7 -1.8 -2.2 -0.9 2.1 -1.4
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.2 0.3 1.6 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.9 0.4 0.3 0.0 1.2 -1.1 0.1
Multivitamins +/- minerals 2.1 2.7 8.4 -1.7 -1.4 -1.7 -1.5 -2.9 1.3 1.0 -1.5 -1.5 -1.9 -1.3 0.5 -1.9
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 0.7 -0.5 0.8
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.8 1.1 2.6 1.0 -0.0 0.3 1.0 -0.5 -1.4 -0.3 1.6 0.8 1.2 1.2 -1.3 1.2
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.0 1.2 3.8 -1.2 -1.2 -0.9 -1.1 -0.5 1.0 0.8 -1.2 -2.0 -0.6 -1.0 0.9 -1.0
Medication: Atenolol 1.4 1.8 2.9 -1.6 -1.7 -1.5 -1.3 -0.4 1.4 1.0 -1.5 -1.2 -1.4 -0.9 1.7 -0.9
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.7 1.1 3.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -1.2 -0.4 1.2 0.7 -1.3 0.1 -1.4 -0.7 1.8 -1.5
Sitting height 0.1 1.0 2.5 -0.8 -0.3 -0.8 -0.9 -1.6 0.7 0.9 -0.9 -1.4 -0.5 -1.5 0.7 -1.2
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.7 0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 0.3 -0.0 0.6 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -0.2
High blood pressure (mother) 0.2 0.2 1.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 1.0 -0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.5 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.0
Body mass index (BMI) 3.5 15.1 20.8 -4.4 -3.2 -3.8 -4.4 -3.4 4.5 3.1 -4.6 -3.5 -4.5 -3.6 3.5 -3.7
Impedance of leg (left) 0.2 1.0 3.5 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.8 1.9 -0.8 -1.3 1.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.1 0.6
Leg predicted mass (left) 1.6 8.4 16.6 -2.7 -2.3 -2.2 -3.0 -4.1 3.0 2.7 -3.4 -2.8 -2.9 -2.9 2.4 -2.7
Trunk fat mass 3.0 12.7 16.8 -4.0 -2.6 -3.4 -4.0 -3.3 4.1 2.8 -3.9 -3.2 -4.0 -3.8 3.3 -3.5
Waist circumference 4.3 15.7 21.6 -4.3 -3.5 -4.1 -4.5 -3.8 4.6 3.0 -4.5 -3.4 -4.7 -3.3 3.6 -3.8
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.3 0.6 3.0 0.1 -0.1 0.8 -0.1 1.7 -0.0 -1.7 -0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.2
Past tobacco smoking 1.8 3.3 4.7 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.9 -1.9 -2.0 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.2 -1.2 2.0
Alcohol usually taken with meals 2.8 4.6 7.2 1.7 2.2 2.7 2.6 1.2 -2.5 -2.3 2.3 1.3 2.0 1.4 -2.7 2.4
Nervous feelings 0.3 0.6 5.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.0 -1.2 -0.2 -2.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.1
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8 0.0 -0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 0.1 0.9 -0.3 -0.0
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.1 0.2 1.3 -0.6 0.1 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.4 -1.1 0.2 -0.0 0.1 -0.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 1.1 1.4 2.4 -1.1 -1.0 -0.8 -1.0 -1.6 1.4 0.2 -1.5 -1.0 -1.4 -0.6 1.5 -1.5
Had menopause 1.4 1.7 3.4 -1.4 -1.2 -1.9 -1.3 -0.6 1.6 1.1 -1.0 -0.5 -1.4 -1.8 1.4 -1.2
Had other major operations 1.4 1.7 5.9 1.3 1.6 2.4 1.5 0.2 -1.3 -0.0 1.2 0.6 1.8 0.7 -0.3 1.4
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.5 1.8 4.3 -0.3 -1.3 -1.8 -1.1 -1.7 1.1 1.1 -1.0 -2.1 -1.3 -1.6 1.1 -0.9
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.2 0.4 1.6 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.7 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 0.4 -0.4 0.2 -0.1 -1.0 0.1
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 3.7 4.5 11.6 -1.6 -1.8 -2.6 -1.7 -3.4 1.8 2.1 -1.7 -2.9 -2.0 -1.7 1.5 -1.7
Qualifications: None of the above 2.9 6.1 9.7 -2.4 -2.3 -3.1 -2.8 -2.2 2.9 1.4 -3.0 -1.5 -2.5 -1.5 2.8 -2.7
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.7 1.0 2.4 -0.8 -0.2 -1.5 -0.9 -0.9 1.2 0.9 -1.0 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 1.3 -1.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems 4.7 7.3 13.2 1.9 2.5 3.1 2.6 2.5 -3.0 -1.9 2.4 3.2 2.7 2.3 -3.6 2.5
Heart attack 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.3 0.2 -0.4 -1.2 -1.3 0.1 0.9 -0.7
Allergy 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -1.1 0.5 0.1
Pain all over the body in last month 5.1 5.5 10.3 -2.3 -1.9 -2.1 -2.5 -0.8 2.7 2.2 -2.8 -1.8 -2.2 -2.2 3.2 -2.8
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.5 -1.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 -0.5 -0.1
Medication: Ramipril 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.7 -0.0 -0.8 -0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.6
Medication: Simvastatin 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.0 0.4 0.3 -0.2 0.1 -1.2 0.2 0.4 -0.4
Fluid intelligence score 1.6 3.4 7.1 1.7 2.5 2.7 1.9 0.3 -1.6 -1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.7 -1.2 1.6
Illnesses of siblings 1.0 1.4 3.0 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.7 -1.3 -0.9 1.3 0.4 0.9 0.5 -1.7 1.2
Neuroticism score 0.5 1.1 7.5 -1.1 -1.0 -1.3 -1.0 -0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.7 -2.7 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.5
Weight 3.2 15.5 20.6 -4.0 -3.1 -3.7 -4.3 -4.5 4.3 3.4 -4.4 -3.7 -4.3 -3.7 3.5 -3.8
Impedance of arm (right) 2.9 13.4 18.2 3.2 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 -3.8 -3.5 4.3 3.5 4.2 3.0 -3.1 3.5
Arm fat percentage (right) 2.0 7.8 11.4 -3.4 -1.8 -2.7 -3.2 -2.0 3.4 2.2 -3.2 -2.3 -3.2 -2.9 2.6 -2.7
Trunk fat-free mass 1.2 7.1 14.1 -2.0 -2.1 -2.5 -2.7 -3.8 2.6 2.7 -2.9 -2.9 -2.7 -2.3 2.4 -2.6
Hip circumference 2.6 11.3 15.3 -3.8 -2.6 -3.4 -3.8 -3.6 3.6 3.0 -3.9 -2.7 -3.5 -3.1 3.0 -3.3
Time employed in main current job 2.0 2.3 3.8 -1.9 -1.1 -1.2 -1.7 -0.5 1.8 1.6 -1.6 -1.3 -1.2 -1.8 1.9 -1.8
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.8 1.3 3.6 -1.4 -1.4 -0.6 -1.3 -0.3 0.8 -0.3 -1.9 -1.7 -0.6 -0.9 0.6 -1.2
Father’s age at death 1.0 1.3 2.3 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.5 -1.2 -1.5 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.1 -0.4 1.3
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.6 1.2 2.2 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.0 -1.4 -1.4 1.0 -0.2 1.3 1.5 -0.9 1.2
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 3.8 6.2 14.4 -2.4 -2.5 -2.3 -2.3 -2.1 2.5 2.0 -2.8 -3.8 -2.6 -1.9 1.7 -2.7
Falls in the last year 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.4 -0.8 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.7 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 -1.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.5
Number of live births 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.2 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 -0.6 0.4 -0.8 -0.2 0.5 -1.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 1.1 3.8 8.1 -0.7 -2.1 -2.8 -1.7 -2.1 1.9 1.4 -1.7 -2.6 -2.0 -1.8 2.0 -1.3
Pulse rate 1.6 2.7 5.3 -2.2 -1.5 -1.3 -1.4 -2.3 1.7 2.2 -1.7 -0.9 -1.3 -1.6 1.6 -0.9
Happiness 1.2 1.4 2.8 -0.9 -1.1 -1.6 -1.7 0.6 1.5 0.9 -1.3 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 1.4 -1.2
Noisy workplace 2.4 3.0 6.7 -2.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.9 -2.6 1.5 0.8 -1.8 -2.3 -1.5 -1.3 0.6 -2.0
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 1.3 3.0 8.1 1.7 1.4 2.8 2.0 1.4 -2.0 -2.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.4 -1.3 1.8
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.0 -1.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 1.0 0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 2.9 4.9 9.8 -1.6 -2.1 -2.1 -2.0 -1.7 2.5 1.9 -1.9 -2.8 -2.4 -2.1 3.1 -2.0
Asthma 0.1 0.2 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.9 0.0 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.2
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.8 -0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.2 0.4 -0.3
Depression (self-reported) 0.7 0.8 4.7 -0.4 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -1.3 -0.0 -2.2 0.7 1.7 -0.6 0.4
Medication: Lansoprazole 3.3 3.7 6.5 -1.9 -1.6 -1.5 -1.8 -1.7 2.0 2.4 -1.9 -2.5 -1.9 -1.6 2.1 -1.9
Prospective memory result 0.8 1.0 1.9 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -1.2 -0.8 0.8 0.9 -1.0 -1.4 -0.6 -0.5 1.0 -0.8
Lung cancer (father) 0.3 0.3 1.0 -0.8 0.2 -1.0 -0.7 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -1.0 -0.3 -0.5
Illnesses of mother 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 -1.1 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.6 2.0 5.0 -0.1 -1.4 -2.2 -1.1 -1.9 1.4 0.8 -1.1 -1.7 -1.5 -1.0 1.8 -0.8
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.5 -0.1 1.1 0.2 -0.7 0.7
Impedance of arm (left) 2.5 11.8 16.2 2.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 -3.5 -3.4 4.0 3.7 3.4 2.7 -3.1 3.1
Arm fat mass (right) 3.2 13.1 17.3 -4.0 -2.7 -3.6 -4.0 -3.2 4.2 3.1 -4.1 -3.5 -4.0 -3.5 3.3 -3.6
Trunk predicted mass 1.3 7.4 14.1 -2.0 -2.2 -2.6 -2.8 -3.8 2.7 2.8 -3.0 -2.9 -2.8 -2.4 2.5 -2.7
Standing height 0.1 1.1 8.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -2.9 0.4 1.0 -0.4 -1.4 -0.4 -0.9 0.7 -0.9
Length of working week for main job 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 -0.0 0.3 -0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.1
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.7 1.9 3.5 -1.3 -1.4 -1.3 -1.4 -1.5 1.2 1.9 -1.6 -0.9 -1.6 -0.7 1.3 -1.6
Breastfed as a baby 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.4 -0.8 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.8 -0.0 -0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.1
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.2 0.4 2.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.7 -0.2 -1.6 -0.0 0.8 -0.4 0.2
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.3 2.0 9.0 -1.0 -1.4 -1.6 -1.1 -2.4 1.0 0.3 -1.1 -3.0 -1.1 -0.1 0.6 -0.6
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.3 0.7 1.5 -1.2 -0.8 -0.6 -1.1 0.6 1.0 0.8 -0.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.7 1.1 -0.8
Birth weight of first child 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.6 -0.8 -0.5 0.8 0.8 -0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.5 0.8
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.2 0.5 1.6 0.3 -0.8 -1.3 -0.7 -0.8 0.8 0.5 -0.7 -1.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.6 -0.3
Pulse wave reflection index 0.7 0.8 2.6 -0.3 -1.4 -1.6 -0.9 -0.7 0.9 0.1 -0.9 -1.4 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 -0.8
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.2 1.4 4.6 -0.8 -0.6 -1.9 -1.0 -2.1 1.1 1.4 -0.9 -1.6 -0.8 -0.0 0.7 -0.7
Loud music exposure frequency 0.1 0.1 0.9 -0.1 -0.2 -0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.7 -0.1
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 2.6 4.2 7.0 2.2 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.7 -1.9 -1.9 2.4 1.9 1.1 0.9 -2.3 2.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.9 -0.4 -0.6 0.6 -0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.7
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.5 0.6 1.9 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.1 -0.7 -1.0 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5
Medication: Paracetamol 1.7 2.8 4.3 -1.8 -1.4 -1.9 -1.8 -1.2 2.1 1.4 -1.9 -0.8 -1.5 -1.5 1.8 -2.0
Headache pain in last month 0.1 0.1 0.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.9 0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.0
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.4 0.7 1.8 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.7 -0.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.2 -1.0 0.5
Glaucoma (self-reported) 2.0 2.3 5.5 -1.2 -1.4 -2.3 -1.3 -0.6 1.9 1.5 -1.5 -0.2 -1.6 -0.6 2.4 -1.6
Gout (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.2 -0.9 -1.4 -0.5 0.2 0.6 0.6 -0.6 -0.2 -1.0 -0.1 -0.0 -1.1
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 1.8 3.5 7.5 -1.5 -1.8 -1.7 -2.0 -1.0 2.1 2.0 -2.0 -0.6 -2.7 -1.4 2.1 -2.3
Medication: Amlodipine 0.5 0.7 1.3 -1.0 -0.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 1.0 0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -1.1 -0.1 0.9 -0.9
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.3 0.4 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.8
Birth weight 0.7 1.6 5.0 -1.5 -1.0 0.4 -1.4 -0.6 1.2 0.9 -1.4 -0.4 -0.9 -2.2 0.6 -1.9
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.5 -0.6 -1.0 -0.5 1.1 0.3 0.7 -0.5 -0.1 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -0.5
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.5 0.7 2.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.2 -0.8 -0.7 0.6 0.8 -1.1 -0.0 -0.4 -0.7 1.5 -1.1
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.2 0.8 2.0 0.0 -0.8 -1.2 -0.6 -1.4 0.7 0.6 -0.6 -1.4 -0.6 -1.0 1.0 -0.4
Body fat percentage 3.3 13.0 18.1 -4.2 -2.7 -3.6 -4.1 -2.7 4.3 2.8 -4.0 -3.1 -4.1 -3.7 3.5 -3.6
Leg fat percentage (right) 4.7 17.1 23.6 -4.7 -3.3 -4.6 -4.7 -3.0 4.9 3.7 -4.5 -3.4 -4.5 -3.5 4.3 -4.0
Arm fat-free mass (right) 2.7 13.7 20.7 -3.3 -3.3 -3.5 -3.9 -4.5 3.8 3.6 -4.0 -3.7 -3.9 -3.3 3.4 -3.6
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 2.2 2.9 4.1 -2.0 -1.4 -1.8 -2.0 -1.5 1.9 1.4 -1.9 -1.2 -1.8 -1.1 1.6 -2.0
Comparative body size at age 10 0.5 1.5 2.6 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.6 -1.1 -1.3 1.1 0.9 1.5 -0.2 -1.4 1.3
Number of full brothers 0.7 0.9 2.5 -1.0 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 -1.6 0.9 0.7 -1.0 -0.9 -0.3 -0.2 1.5 -0.8
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.2 0.4 2.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 0.7 -0.0 0.4 -0.1 -1.6 -0.3 -1.0 0.2 0.0
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 3.0 3.8 10.5 -1.6 -1.9 -2.0 -1.6 -3.2 1.8 1.6 -1.9 -3.2 -1.8 -1.0 1.0 -1.5
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.8 1.5 2.4 -1.2 -0.7 -1.5 -1.4 -1.2 1.5 -0.2 -1.4 -0.9 -1.6 -0.3 1.6 -1.4
Number of children fathered 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.4 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.3
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.6 0.7 2.7 -0.5 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7 1.2 0.6 0.7 -0.2 -1.6 -0.5 -0.2 0.7 -0.4
Age at first live birth 3.8 6.7 15.0 2.3 2.6 3.9 2.8 1.7 -2.7 -2.4 2.5 1.9 3.0 1.1 -2.7 3.0
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.3 0.3 1.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.1 -1.2 -0.3 0.8 -0.9
Health satisfaction 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.6 0.1 0.5 1.1 -0.7 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 0.3 -0.4
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 2.7 3.3 5.8 -1.8 -2.4 -1.8 -2.2 -1.6 1.7 1.6 -1.9 -1.6 -1.4 -1.8 1.4 -2.0
Qualifications: College or University degree 2.9 9.0 12.9 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 1.9 -3.4 -2.8 3.2 2.2 3.0 3.1 -2.3 3.4
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 1.3 1.5 7.8 0.6 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.9 -1.3 -1.5 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.6 -2.8 1.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.8 1.0 2.3 -0.5 -0.3 -1.3 -0.9 -0.8 1.1 0.5 -1.0 -0.4 -1.4 -0.6 1.5 -1.4
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.5 0.5 1.2 -0.9 -0.5 -0.8 -0.7 -0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.6 -1.0 -0.2 -1.1 0.6 -0.9
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 2.7 4.7 7.4 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.3 1.3 -2.7 -2.0 2.1 1.0 2.6 1.6 -2.3 2.5
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.7 2.4 5.2 -0.9 -1.2 -1.5 -1.0 -1.2 1.7 1.1 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -2.2 2.3 -1.3
Medication: Blood pressure 1.2 2.2 4.2 -1.4 -1.6 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 1.3 1.6 -1.6 -2.1 -1.9 -1.0 1.5 -1.2
Angina (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 1.0 -0.3
Migraine (self-reported) 0.1 0.2 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -1.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.6 0.2 0.0
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5
Medication: Allopurinol 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 0.3 -1.0 -0.3
Medication: Omeprazole 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.0 -0.5 0.3 0.4
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.2 0.2 1.6 -0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.0 0.3 -0.0 -1.3 0.2 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.5 0.9 1.7 -1.0 -0.3 -1.1 -0.9 0.3 1.3 0.4 -1.1 0.8 -0.4 -1.3 1.2 -1.0
Heart disease (mother) 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.5 0.8 0.2 1.1 -0.8 0.4
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.8 0.9 2.5 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.3 -1.6 -1.1 0.4 1.0 -0.1 0.9 0.0 -0.2 1.3
Whole body fat mass 4.1 17.3 22.8 -4.6 -3.2 -4.0 -4.6 -3.6 4.8 3.5 -4.6 -3.9 -4.6 -4.2 3.9 -4.1
Leg fat mass (right) 5.0 19.3 25.7 -4.7 -3.5 -4.4 -4.8 -4.0 5.1 4.0 -4.9 -4.0 -4.7 -3.9 4.4 -4.4
Arm predicted mass (right) 2.6 13.5 20.2 -3.2 -3.3 -3.4 -3.8 -4.5 3.8 3.6 -3.9 -3.7 -4.0 -3.3 3.5 -3.6
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.9 3.1 6.2 -2.5 -1.1 -0.6 -1.7 -2.2 2.2 1.4 -1.8 -1.1 -1.5 -2.4 1.9 -1.1
Alcohol intake frequency. 1.1 2.6 5.6 -0.9 -2.4 -1.3 -1.6 -2.2 1.6 0.6 -1.9 -1.9 -1.9 -1.1 1.1 -1.4
Comparative height size at age 10 0.2 1.0 2.8 -0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.4 -1.6 0.7 1.0 -0.4 -1.5 -0.4 -1.7 1.6 -0.8
Number of full sisters 5.0 6.1 10.2 -2.5 -1.8 -2.5 -2.6 -1.3 2.8 2.4 -2.8 -2.3 -2.2 -2.4 3.2 -2.7
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.9 -0.2 -0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3
Overall health rating 1.2 2.6 4.0 -1.7 -1.6 -1.5 -1.7 -1.0 1.7 1.2 -1.8 -1.7 -2.0 -1.5 1.3 -1.9
Chest pain or discomfort 1.0 1.4 3.2 -1.1 -1.0 -1.8 -1.2 -1.2 1.4 0.5 -1.2 -1.3 -1.4 0.1 1.0 -1.2
Had major operations 1.3 1.6 5.2 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 -0.3 -1.1 -2.3 1.1 0.4 1.2 1.7 -1.6 0.9
Age at last live birth 1.2 1.8 6.2 0.8 0.8 2.5 1.3 1.2 -1.3 -0.7 1.1 1.1 2.0 -0.3 -1.4 1.3
Family relationship satisfaction 1.5 1.9 4.0 -1.4 -1.0 -2.0 -1.7 -1.1 1.6 0.7 -1.6 -1.4 -1.1 -0.8 1.7 -1.3
Leg pain on walking 1.0 1.2 2.6 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.9 -1.2 -1.2 1.0 0.5 1.3 0.8 -0.9 1.0
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.9 1.1 3.2 -1.3 -0.5 -0.1 -0.9 -0.3 0.9 1.0 -0.6 -1.5 -1.8 -1.7 0.4 -0.7
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 1.0 1.2 2.8 0.7 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.5 -1.1 -1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.1 -0.0 1.2
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 -0.5 0.6 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.7 0.5 0.8 -0.3 -0.1 -0.7 0.5
Medication: Aspirin 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 -0.9 0.9 -0.2 -0.3
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 -0.3 -0.3 -0.6 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.7
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.6 3.3 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.4 1.8 -0.5 -0.9 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.5 -0.4 0.7
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.8 2.1 3.9 -1.4 -1.4 -1.1 -1.4 -1.2 1.5 1.6 -1.5 -1.7 -2.0 -0.8 1.9 -1.3
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.0 -0.9 0.0 1.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.6 -1.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 0.7 -0.8
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.7 0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.8 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.1
Smoking status: Previous 1.1 1.6 3.4 -1.4 -0.7 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 1.2 1.4 -1.4 -1.6 -1.2 -1.8 0.4 -1.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -1.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 -1.3 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5
Whole body fat-free mass 1.6 9.0 17.2 -2.5 -2.5 -2.6 -3.0 -4.2 3.0 2.9 -3.3 -3.1 -3.1 -2.8 2.6 -2.9
Leg fat-free mass (right) 1.5 8.2 16.7 -2.8 -2.4 -2.1 -3.0 -4.1 2.9 2.5 -3.4 -2.9 -3.0 -2.9 2.1 -2.7
Arm fat percentage (left) 1.9 7.7 11.6 -3.4 -1.8 -2.6 -3.1 -2.0 3.4 2.2 -3.2 -2.0 -3.4 -2.9 2.6 -2.7
Average weekly red wine intake 4.6 6.7 11.9 1.8 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.6 -2.6 -1.9 2.7 3.3 2.3 1.5 -3.4 2.7
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 1.5 1.7 3.5 -1.1 -1.8 -1.4 -1.5 -0.8 1.4 0.2 -1.4 -1.0 -1.1 -1.1 1.9 -1.7
Mood swings 2.7 4.8 10.7 -2.5 -2.1 -3.3 -2.5 -1.5 2.0 1.9 -2.5 -2.1 -2.3 -1.3 1.4 -2.2
Loneliness, isolation 2.2 3.1 6.7 -1.5 -2.2 -1.7 -2.0 -1.2 1.7 1.0 -2.2 -2.6 -1.7 -0.8 1.2 -2.1
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 2.4 3.7 6.1 -1.9 -1.8 -2.3 -2.0 -0.0 2.4 0.8 -1.9 -2.3 -2.5 -1.8 1.9 -1.7
Ever had bowel cancer screening 1.4 1.6 3.0 -1.2 -1.6 -1.7 -1.5 -1.1 1.4 1.5 -1.2 -0.4 -1.4 -0.4 0.9 -1.4
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.4 0.4 1.6 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.2 -0.6 -0.3 0.5 0.8 1.3 -0.2 0.4 -0.0
Friendships satisfaction 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.8 -0.2 -0.7 0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.1 0.4
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.6 0.9 1.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.9 -0.4 -1.3 -0.5 1.1 0.1 1.1 0.5 -1.1 1.2
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 -0.7 -0.2 -0.0 -0.7 -0.1 1.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -1.0 -0.3
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 1.1 1.8 2.5 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 -1.5 -1.3 1.3 1.4 -1.1 -1.4 -1.2 -0.9 1.4 -1.5
Medication for cholesterol 0.2 0.3 2.0 0.6 -0.0 0.4 0.2 1.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.7 0.7 -0.5 0.0 0.4
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.4 0.4 1.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6 0.8 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -1.0 1.1 0.3 -0.6
Back pain experienced in last month 2.6 3.8 12.0 -1.4 -1.6 -2.0 -1.7 -2.3 1.9 1.1 -1.9 -3.5 -2.4 -1.3 1.8 -1.1
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.3 -0.5 -1.2 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.2 -0.5 0.5
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.6 -0.4 -0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.5 0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3 1.2 0.1
Asthma (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.3
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 1.3 1.7 6.2 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 2.5 -1.0 -1.4 1.3 1.7 0.9 0.3 -0.8 1.1
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.7 -0.8 -0.8 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.6 -0.9 0.6
Medication: Aspirin 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 -0.6 1.1 -0.4 0.0
Medication: Gliclazide 1.0 1.2 2.6 -1.1 -1.4 -0.3 -1.1 -1.6 0.7 1.3 -1.2 -1.6 -1.2 -0.4 -0.0 -0.6
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.0 -0.0 0.7 1.2 -0.3 -0.5 0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.9 -0.3 0.9
Smoking status: Current 1.0 1.7 3.2 -0.8 -1.2 -1.2 -1.3 -1.7 1.5 0.9 -1.4 -1.1 -1.4 -0.4 1.4 -1.8
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 2.1 4.4 9.3 -0.6 -2.3 -3.0 -1.5 -1.5 1.8 2.8 -1.7 -2.6 -2.2 -1.3 2.8 -1.6
Whole body water mass 1.5 8.6 17.0 -2.5 -2.4 -2.6 -3.0 -4.1 2.9 2.9 -3.3 -3.1 -3.0 -2.7 2.5 -2.8
Leg predicted mass (right) 1.5 8.3 16.6 -2.8 -2.4 -2.1 -2.9 -4.1 2.9 2.5 -3.4 -2.9 -3.0 -3.0 2.1 -2.7
Arm fat mass (left) 3.2 13.1 17.6 -4.0 -2.7 -3.5 -4.0 -3.3 4.2 3.2 -4.1 -3.2 -4.1 -3.5 3.3 -3.6
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 1.6 2.7 5.3 -1.5 -1.7 -1.7 -1.8 -1.6 2.0 0.7 -1.6 -1.6 -2.3 0.1 2.0 -1.6
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.9 1.3 2.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.6 -1.2 -1.4 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.6 -0.7 0.4
Miserableness 1.2 2.2 6.2 -1.5 -1.3 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 1.0 1.5 -1.6 -2.3 -1.0 -0.7 0.9 -1.3
Guilty feelings 0.9 1.3 3.4 -0.9 -1.8 -1.0 -1.1 0.3 1.1 1.3 -1.0 -1.6 -0.7 -0.6 1.5 -0.7
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.6 0.4 -0.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.1
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 1.3 1.5 3.8 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.4 0.6 -1.1 -1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 -0.7 1.3
Hearing aid user 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.9 -0.3 -0.9 0.2 -0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.5
Mother’s age at death 0.5 0.6 1.9 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.1 -0.6 -0.2 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.6 -0.7 0.5
Financial situation satisfaction 1.5 1.8 4.0 -1.0 -1.5 -1.9 -1.3 -1.1 1.2 2.0 -1.7 -0.5 -1.2 -0.9 1.0 -1.3
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 0.8 0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.3 -0.4 -0.9 0.7 -0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 1.2 1.4 5.3 1.4 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.8 -1.1 -2.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.3 -1.3 1.3
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.9 1.0 3.2 -0.7 -0.9 -1.3 -0.6 -0.7 1.0 1.8 -1.1 -0.3 -0.8 0.2 1.6 -0.9
Medication: Blood pressure 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -1.0 1.0 0.7 -0.6
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.3 0.3 0.9 -0.7 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 0.7 -0.1 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.7 -0.2
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.0 1.3 4.0 -1.4 -1.3 -1.0 -1.1 -1.1 0.8 1.4 -0.9 -2.0 -0.4 -1.1 0.5 -0.8
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.3 0.5 2.0 -0.5 -0.2 -1.1 -0.5 0.5 0.5 1.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.9 -0.2 0.4 -0.6
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 2.1 3.2 10.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.4 -1.7 -2.4 1.4 1.8 -2.0 -3.2 -1.4 -1.2 0.6 -1.5
Medication: Paracetamol 0.4 0.6 1.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 1.0 1.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.4 1.1 -0.9
Medication: Lisinopril 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.3
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.2 -0.6 0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.1
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 -0.9 -0.7 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.8 -0.8 0.1
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.8 0.6 0.4 -0.1 -0.6 -1.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.1
Ever smoked 2.2 3.8 5.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.5 -1.9 -2.3 2.0 1.8 -2.3 -2.2 -1.5 -2.2 1.6 -2.4
Basal metabolic rate 2.1 11.4 19.5 -3.1 -2.8 -3.0 -3.5 -4.4 3.5 3.2 -3.8 -3.5 -3.5 -3.2 2.9 -3.3
Leg fat percentage (left) 5.2 18.7 25.8 -5.1 -3.6 -4.8 -5.0 -3.1 5.1 3.5 -4.7 -3.5 -4.9 -3.8 4.3 -4.2
Arm fat-free mass (left) 2.7 13.8 23.3 -3.2 -3.2 -3.7 -3.8 -4.8 3.8 3.4 -4.0 -3.9 -3.8 -3.2 3.5 -3.5
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.6 0.9 1.7 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.9 -1.3 -0.8 -1.1 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.0 -0.7 0.5
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 1.4 2.0 4.7 -1.0 -1.3 -1.5 -1.5 -1.3 1.5 1.4 -1.3 -1.6 -0.9 -1.2 2.2 -1.4
Irritability 3.7 6.3 9.8 -2.9 -2.5 -2.9 -2.7 -1.7 2.8 1.1 -3.0 -3.1 -3.1 -1.4 2.0 -2.5
Risk taking 0.3 0.4 2.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -1.5 0.2 0.7 -0.1 1.4 0.1 0.7
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.3 0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.0 0.4
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.9 -0.8 0.3 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.9
Age started oral contraceptive pill 1.5 1.9 5.3 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.7 -1.0 -1.7 1.9 2.3 0.5 1.2 -0.9 1.3
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 2.9 9.0 14.4 -3.1 -2.6 -2.6 -3.2 -0.6 3.4 3.0 -3.0 -3.8 -3.3 -3.6 3.1 -2.4
Ever depressed for a whole week 2.1 2.6 5.6 -1.1 -1.6 -1.8 -1.3 -2.1 1.4 1.8 -1.1 -2.4 -1.7 -1.8 1.2 -1.1
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.5 0.7 2.6 -0.9 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -1.0 1.0 0.4 -1.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.0 1.6 -0.6
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.0 1.1 -0.7 0.7
Myopia 0.4 0.6 1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -0.2 1.2 -0.1 -0.9 -0.1 -1.2 -0.2 0.7 -0.4
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 1.0 2.7 6.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.3 -1.7 -1.3 1.6 1.8 2.4 0.9 -2.5 1.4
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.4 0.6 1.7 -0.6 -1.0 -1.1 -0.8 -1.0 0.6 -0.3 -0.4 -0.9 -1.3 0.5 0.7 -0.6
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.1 0.2 0.9 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.1
Pain experienced in last month 2.7 4.6 8.2 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.6 -2.5 -1.1 2.5 2.8 2.1 2.2 -2.9 1.7
Supplements: Calcium 4.9 5.4 7.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 -2.3 -2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.0 -1.3 2.4
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.9 0.7 -0.4
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 2.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.9 -0.8 0.5 0.6 -0.6 -1.1 -1.5 -0.2 1.2 -1.0
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.8 1.1 3.1 1.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 -1.0 -1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 -0.0 0.8
Heart disease (siblings) 0.6 0.7 3.1 -0.9 -0.1 -1.1 -1.0 -1.8 0.7 0.7 -0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.1 1.0 -0.9
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.5 -0.2
Pack years of smoking 0.4 0.6 1.8 -0.2 -0.8 -1.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.6 1.0 -0.5 -1.3 -0.6 -0.4 1.1 -0.7
Impedance of whole body 1.0 4.9 8.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.8 -2.2 -2.4 2.8 2.2 2.3 1.6 -1.6 1.9
Leg fat mass (left) 5.6 22.0 28.7 -5.1 -3.9 -4.8 -5.2 -4.2 5.4 4.1 -5.2 -4.2 -5.2 -4.2 4.5 -4.7
Arm predicted mass (left) 2.9 14.8 22.4 -3.4 -3.4 -3.9 -4.0 -4.7 3.9 3.5 -4.2 -4.1 -4.1 -3.4 3.5 -3.7