Hub : Genes

NIPAL3

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Adipose Subcutaneous 0.093 0.0330 1.6e-03 0.057 NA 0.030 NA 0.043 1.9e-05 NA 1.6e-03 NA 2.0e-04
2 GTEx Artery Aorta 0.167 0.0510 2.8e-04 0.109 NA 0.099 NA 0.107 1.4e-06 NA 4.2e-06 NA 1.7e-06
3 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.143 0.0440 1.3e-04 0.079 NA 0.041 NA 0.056 8.5e-07 NA 3.7e-04 NA 3.3e-05
4 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.258 0.0540 2.2e-10 0.178 NA 0.215 NA 0.210 2.4e-13 NA 4.3e-16 NA 1.0e-15
5 GTEx Liver 0.470 0.0920 9.3e-06 0.132 NA 0.128 NA 0.146 1.6e-04 NA 2.1e-04 NA 7.3e-05
6 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.340 0.0538 5.6e-17 0.203 NA 0.303 NA 0.304 2.2e-14 NA 8.8e-22 NA 6.9e-22
7 GTEx Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic 0.204 0.0590 6.7e-05 0.033 NA 0.084 NA 0.071 6.5e-03 NA 2.4e-05 NA 9.7e-05
8 GTEx Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg 0.164 0.0370 1.5e-08 0.105 NA 0.143 NA 0.142 5.1e-09 NA 6.4e-12 NA 8.2e-12
9 GTEx Testis 0.324 0.0650 3.9e-09 0.270 NA 0.336 NA 0.340 2.2e-12 NA 1.4e-15 NA 8.2e-16
10 GTEx Thyroid 0.135 0.0380 3.1e-06 0.082 NA 0.071 NA 0.080 7.7e-07 NA 3.8e-06 NA 1.0e-06
11 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.050 0.0211 3.2e-03 0.000 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.003 3.1e-01 9.1e-03 7.7e-03 0.0098 1.3e-01
12 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.072 0.0380 1.4e-04 0.050 0.045 0.043 NA 0.032 1.2e-05 3.4e-05 4.9e-05 NA 4.1e-04

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.3 0.5 1.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.7 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.5 -0.6 -0.5 1.4 1.0
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.5 1.3 3.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 -0.2 -1.9 0.8 0.8 1.5 -1.6 -1.9 0.7 -0.3
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.6 1.2 2.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 -1.4 0.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 -0.4 1.6 -0.2 -0.6
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.9 1.4 6.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 -1.0 -0.4 1.5 2.5 1.6 -0.9 0.2 0.2 0.1
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.3 1.0 2.5 -1.3 -1.6 -1.4 1.5 0.1 -0.8 0.1 -1.0 0.0 -0.3 0.3 1.3
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.0 0.6 1.1 -0.4 -0.4
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.1 2.3 7.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 -0.9 -2.7 1.0 1.0 1.6 -1.6 -2.1 -0.2 -1.2
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.9 1.1 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.5 -1.2 -0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 -0.3 -1.1 -0.8 -1.3
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.6 2.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 0.4 -0.5 -1.5 -1.0 -0.9 1.0 0.5 -0.6 -0.8
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.9 1.1 -0.0 -0.3 -0.2 1.3 1.0 0.7 -1.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.3 0.3 1.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.6 0.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.6 1.3 0.6
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.5 0.8 3.1 -0.0 0.2 -0.0 -0.1 1.8 -0.7 -1.1 -0.6 1.1 1.1 0.5 -1.0
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.4 0.9 5.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 -0.0 -1.1 0.2 -1.0 0.6 -0.8 -2.3 -1.0 -0.6
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.0 0.6 1.0 -0.7 -1.3 0.3 -1.3 0.5 -0.2 -1.4 -0.5 -0.7
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.8 -1.0 -1.1 0.3 -1.0 0.3 0.4 -0.0 0.4 -0.5
Major Depression (MDD) 2.3 2.8 5.1 1.9 1.7 2.1 -2.2 -0.8 2.3 2.1 2.2 -1.0 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8
Reaction Time 0.4 0.8 3.0 0.3 0.7 0.5 -0.1 -1.6 1.1 0.7 1.0 -1.7 -0.6 0.4 0.5
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.7 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.8 0.3 -0.0
Breast Cancer 0.4 0.9 4.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 -0.8 1.5 0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.9 -0.4
Ovarian Cancer 0.8 1.1 2.2 -1.2 -1.4 -1.1 0.9 -0.9 -1.4 -0.2 -1.3 1.0 0.3 -1.5 0.4
Prostate Cancer 0.9 1.2 4.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 -1.5 0.4 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.3 2.1 -0.3 0.9
Age at First Birth 0.8 1.2 2.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 -1.0 -1.5 1.2 0.8 1.4 -1.4 -0.1 0.6 -0.4
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 1.5 1.5 6.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.8 -0.1 1.3 2.5 1.4 -1.2 0.8 1.1 -0.2
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 1.0 1.3 3.5 1.6 1.9 1.7 -1.5 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.7 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 -1.5
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.5 0.6 3.0 1.0 0.6 0.7 -0.5 1.0 0.4 1.7 0.3 -0.5 0.8 0.1 -0.4
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.5 0.9 2.9 -0.8 -0.7 -1.0 1.5 -0.9 -0.8 -1.1 -0.4 -0.1 -1.7 -0.5 0.4
Mean Putamen Volume 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.7 -0.4 -0.9 0.6 0.4 -0.0 0.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.8
Fasting Glucose 0.8 1.0 5.9 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.5 0.9 2.4 1.0 -0.7 0.2 1.4 0.9
HbA1C 0.3 0.3 0.7 -0.8 0.2 -0.7 0.0 -0.8 0.1 -0.7 -0.1 0.6 -0.8 0.3 0.5
HDL Cholesterol 2.9 4.8 10.4 -2.8 -3.1 -3.2 3.0 0.3 -2.0 -2.0 -2.4 1.5 0.8 0.5 2.1
LDL Cholesterol 1.1 1.7 4.2 1.1 1.6 1.4 -1.4 0.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 -0.2 0.5 1.3 0.4
Lupus 1.6 2.4 7.1 -0.9 -1.2 -0.9 1.1 -0.1 -2.6 -2.7 -2.5 0.8 -1.6 -0.8 -1.1
Neuroticism (2016) 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 1.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 0.3 -1.0 0.4 -0.3
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 1.0 1.5 3.4 -1.4 -1.3 -1.6 0.8 0.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.2 1.8 0.8 1.3 0.6
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.3 1.9 3.2 -1.8 -1.6 -1.8 1.3 -1.0 -1.8 -1.3 -1.8 0.9 -1.0 -0.9 0.4
Schizophrenia (2014) 1.2 2.6 5.2 1.9 1.7 1.9 -1.5 -1.9 1.0 1.2 2.0 -1.2 -2.3 0.1 -1.7
Triglycerides 0.3 0.5 1.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -1.1 1.3 -0.3 0.9 -0.7
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 -0.9 -0.9 -0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.8 0.6 -1.0 -1.2
Ulcerative Colitis 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.2 -0.6 -1.2 -0.6 0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.9
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.4 2.8 8.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 -0.3 1.4 2.9 2.3 2.6 -2.1 -0.5 0.0 2.5
Blood Platelet Count 0.3 3.4 8.5 -1.5 -1.7 -1.5 1.1 -2.5 -1.7 -2.2 -2.3 1.1 -2.9 -1.9 0.2
Blood Red Count 0.4 4.3 12.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 -1.5 2.5 1.9 3.5 2.6 -1.8 2.5 0.1 -0.7
Blood White Count 0.1 0.7 2.1 0.9 1.4 0.8 -0.7 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 -0.3
Heel T-Score 0.6 4.6 15.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 -1.7 2.1 -0.9 -1.6 -0.4 3.9 3.8 2.3 -2.6
BMI 0.5 3.1 10.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 -0.3 -1.2 2.9 1.9 2.3 -3.2 -1.6 0.6 1.6
Height 0.1 2.8 6.2 -2.3 -2.1 -2.0 2.5 -0.7 -1.8 -1.5 -2.2 0.5 -0.7 0.4 1.6
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.2 0.8 5.9 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 -0.0 0.9 2.4 0.8 0.4
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.5 2.5 8.7 1.6 1.9 1.6 -1.6 -0.6 1.2 3.0 2.2 -0.1 1.2 0.3 -1.4
Smoking Status 0.5 1.1 4.0 0.8 1.2 0.8 -1.0 0.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 -0.1 2.0 0.7 0.0
Allergy or Eczema 0.4 0.9 3.8 -0.7 -0.3 -0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.2 -1.2 -1.5 -0.0 2.0
Cardiovascular Disease 0.3 1.0 3.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 -0.7 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.9 -0.6 0.8 -0.2 0.2
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 2.3 5.3 21.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 -1.2 -2.4 1.6 1.9 1.9 -3.6 -4.6 -1.5 -0.6
Respiratory disease 0.5 1.0 5.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 -0.9 -0.8 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.2 -2.3 -0.8 -1.4
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.6 1.2 6.2 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 0.6 -2.5 1.1 0.8 1.1 -1.1 -1.4 0.3 1.2
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.3 1.3 3.9 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 0.8 -0.6 -1.6 -1.3 -1.3 2.0 0.3 -1.0 -0.5
Lung FVC 0.7 3.3 6.0 -2.1 -2.4 -2.1 1.3 2.2 -1.2 0.2 -1.4 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7
Neuroticism 0.1 0.3 1.0 -0.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.6 -0.3 0.4 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.7 0.9 1.0
Chronotype (morning person) 0.2 0.4 2.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -1.5 0.2 0.8
Hair Pigment 0.4 12.6 28.1 3.5 3.6 3.4 -3.2 -5.1 0.2 0.8 0.8 -2.5 -5.3 -4.5 -4.9
Tanning 0.2 2.4 4.5 -1.9 -1.9 -2.0 1.6 0.1 -0.9 -0.2 -0.8 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.5
Hand grip strength (left) 0.2 0.6 1.6 -0.7 -1.1 -0.8 0.9 0.3 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 0.1 -0.7 0.5 0.5
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.2 0.4 1.0 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 1.0 0.7 -0.6 0.6
Average weekly spirits intake 1.3 1.7 7.5 -1.8 -1.6 -1.7 1.7 0.4 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 0.3 2.7
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.5 0.9 2.5 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 1.5 -1.1 -0.3 -0.0 -0.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 1.6
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.2 -0.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 -0.2 0.7 0.0 0.3
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 1.1 1.7 5.2 1.7 1.6 1.9 -1.7 0.1 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 -2.3
Relative age of first facial hair 0.7 1.5 3.2 1.4 1.6 1.4 -1.5 -0.6 1.5 1.3 1.8 -0.9 -0.4 0.8 -0.4
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.0 -0.8 0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.5
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.3 0.3 2.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.7 0.3
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 2.9 3.2 7.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 -2.8 -0.8 1.1 1.3 1.6 -0.3 0.3 -1.2 -2.4
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.1 0.4 2.0 0.1 0.7 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.0 1.4 -0.3 -0.1
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 1.6 1.7 2.9 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 1.4 -0.9 -0.8 -1.7 -1.2 1.1 0.0 -1.5 1.5
Angina 1.9 2.5 7.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 -1.1 0.9 2.3 2.7 2.4 -1.0 0.9 1.7 1.1
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 2.9 3.2 6.6 -2.2 -2.6 -2.0 1.3 0.6 -1.7 -1.1 -1.9 2.4 1.1 2.2 1.4
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.4 0.5 1.6 -0.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.8 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 1.3 1.2
Supplements: Zinc 1.1 1.2 4.3 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.7 1.6 -1.0 0.2 -0.5 2.0 2.1 0.6 -1.1
Medication: Co-codamol 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.9 0.6 -0.3 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.5 -0.8 1.3 -0.2 -0.0
Medication: Metformin 0.4 0.6 2.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 -0.7 0.1 0.1 1.1
Diabetes (father) 0.2 0.3 2.0 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.0 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.4 0.2 -0.1
Diabetes (mother) 0.6 0.8 2.5 -1.1 -0.9 -1.1 1.0 -1.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.9 -0.8 -0.4 1.0
Severe depression (siblings) 2.2 2.5 4.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 -1.3 -1.3 2.1 1.7 2.0 -2.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.2
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.6 -1.0 -0.3 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.1
Impedance of leg (right) 0.2 0.9 3.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.7 1.9 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.6 1.7 0.6 -0.5
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.3 1.7 7.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 1.2 -2.4 -0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -1.3 -2.8 0.3 1.1
Trunk fat percentage 0.9 3.4 10.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.5 -0.5 3.3 2.5 3.0 -2.4 -0.5 1.1 1.9
Hand grip strength (right) 0.4 1.2 2.3 -1.1 -1.5 -1.3 1.5 -0.0 -0.8 -0.6 -1.2 -0.5 -1.5 0.4 1.1
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.7 0.0 1.2 -0.4 1.2 -0.0 0.1
Current tobacco smoking 0.8 1.3 3.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 -1.3 0.5 1.4 1.9 1.6 -0.7 0.6 -0.0 -0.4
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.7 0.8 1.5 -1.2 -1.1 -1.2 1.2 -0.3 -0.8 -0.8 -0.6 0.7 -0.1 -1.1 0.7
Maternal smoking around birth 1.0 1.4 7.2 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -1.4 -1.2 -1.5 2.7 0.2 -0.8 -1.9
Fed-up feelings 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 -0.8 -1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.5 2.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -1.7 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.1 -1.2 -1.2 0.0
Relative age voice broke 0.8 1.2 3.0 1.4 1.2 1.3 -1.7 -0.2 0.5 1.7 0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -0.5 -1.3
Taking other prescription medications 0.5 0.7 3.9 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -1.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 -0.4 -1.0 -2.0 0.4
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.6 1.4 6.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 -1.3 -0.0 -0.1 1.1 -0.2 1.2 0.1 -0.2 -2.6
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.6 0.7 3.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 -1.7 -0.5 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 -0.5
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 1.6 3.7 11.8 -0.9 -1.0 -0.8 0.1 3.4 -1.3 -1.1 -1.4 3.4 3.0 2.0 -0.1
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 1.1 1.2 3.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 -1.4 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.8 -0.7 0.7 0.1 -0.7
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -1.1 -0.0 0.6 0.2 -0.4 -0.1
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 1.5 1.8 3.6 -1.9 -1.9 -1.7 1.8 -1.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4 1.7
High blood pressure 0.2 0.7 2.0 0.5 0.8 0.6 -0.6 0.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 -0.6 0.7 -0.8 0.3
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.6 1.3 3.8 -1.4 -1.3 -1.2 1.4 0.7 0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -1.9 -0.3 1.9
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.6 1.2 0.7 -1.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -1.1 -1.2
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.9 1.1 3.8 -0.8 -1.0 -0.7 0.5 0.4 -1.1 -1.3 -1.2 1.3 1.9 0.5 0.1
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.4 0.5 1.2 -0.8 -0.5 -0.9 0.3 0.9 -0.4 -1.1 -0.6 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.4
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.0 1.1 3.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 -1.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.9 -0.1 -1.3
Medication: Atenolol 1.1 1.3 3.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 -0.2 -0.8 1.5 2.0 1.8 -1.1 -0.5 1.5 0.2
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.3 0.5 3.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 -0.8 -0.9 0.4 0.3 0.5 -0.5 -1.9 -0.2 0.1
Sitting height 0.4 2.9 7.0 -2.1 -2.3 -2.2 2.6 -0.7 -1.3 -0.7 -1.9 -0.2 -1.3 1.0 2.0
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 -0.5 0.0 0.8 1.6 0.8 -0.6 -0.7 0.5 -0.1
High blood pressure (mother) 0.9 1.3 3.0 1.4 1.5 1.5 -1.2 -0.0 1.4 1.1 1.7 -0.7 -0.1 -0.2 -0.8
Body mass index (BMI) 0.5 2.1 5.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 -0.3 -1.3 2.4 1.6 2.0 -2.1 -1.4 0.7 1.4
Impedance of leg (left) 0.2 0.9 3.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 -0.5 1.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.9 0.3 -0.1
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.3 1.6 7.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 1.2 -2.4 -0.0 -0.7 -0.5 -1.3 -2.8 0.3 1.1
Trunk fat mass 0.4 1.8 5.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.0 -0.9 2.3 1.6 2.0 -1.9 -1.2 0.9 1.8
Waist circumference 0.2 0.8 1.8 0.2 0.4 0.4 -0.1 -1.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 -1.0 -1.2 -0.0 1.0
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.3 0.5 2.1 -0.0 0.2 -0.0 0.1 -1.5 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 -0.9
Past tobacco smoking 0.2 0.3 2.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.0 -1.5 0.3 -0.9
Alcohol usually taken with meals 1.1 1.7 6.2 -0.6 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 1.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 2.4 2.5 0.9 -0.9
Nervous feelings 0.3 0.6 1.5 -1.1 -1.2 -1.0 0.8 -0.3 -1.2 -0.0 -1.0 0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.4
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.6 0.1 -0.8 0.5 -0.8 0.5 0.5 -0.3 0.0
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.8 1.3 5.6 1.0 1.2 1.3 -1.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 1.3 1.2 -0.5 -2.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.8 1.1 4.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.4 -1.2 -1.3 -0.6 -0.2 0.7 -1.3 -1.4 -2.2
Had menopause 1.9 2.4 5.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 -1.9 -2.4 1.6 1.0 1.5 -1.1 -0.8 -1.3 -0.9
Had other major operations 3.7 4.5 10.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 -3.3 -1.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 -0.5 -0.0 -1.5 -2.2
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 1.7 6.4 13.7 -3.2 -3.3 -3.2 2.9 0.2 -3.7 -2.3 -3.5 2.3 0.1 0.3 0.7
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.9 4.4 14.2 -1.3 -1.3 -1.2 0.5 3.8 -1.0 -0.9 -1.2 3.6 3.5 2.4 0.6
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.2 -1.0 0.2 0.4 1.2 0.8 -0.2 0.8 0.1 -1.1
Qualifications: None of the above 1.3 2.9 7.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 -0.2 -1.7 2.6 2.4 2.1 -2.6 -1.6 -0.4 2.0
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 2.0 2.6 7.6 -0.9 -1.0 -0.9 0.2 2.5 -1.8 -1.8 -1.9 2.8 1.8 -1.1 -0.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.3 0.5 1.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.9 -1.2 -0.5 -0.0 -0.2 -1.2 -1.1 -0.1 -0.0
Heart attack 0.5 0.7 1.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.4 -1.3 0.9 0.1 0.8 -1.2 -0.8 0.9 1.3
Allergy 0.3 0.8 3.9 1.0 0.7 0.8 -0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.0 0.3 -1.2
Pain all over the body in last month 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 0.9
Diabetes (self-reported) 1.0 1.5 5.1 -1.4 -1.3 -1.5 1.7 -2.2 -0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 2.0
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.7 -0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.8 0.1 0.3
Medication: Ramipril 0.2 0.2 1.5 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.0 -0.0
Medication: Simvastatin 0.3 0.4 2.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.6 -0.0 0.4 1.0 1.4 -0.7 0.8
Fluid intelligence score 0.2 0.5 1.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.7 0.8 -0.3 -1.1 -1.1 -0.8 0.0 -0.4 0.6 -0.0
Illnesses of siblings 0.4 0.5 1.1 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 0.7 0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -1.0 0.2 -1.1 0.1 0.3
Neuroticism score 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.9
Weight 0.2 1.2 3.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.6 -1.8 1.2 0.5 0.8 -1.5 -1.9 0.5 1.5
Impedance of arm (right) 0.7 3.2 5.9 2.4 2.4 2.2 -2.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.2 0.2 1.0 0.0 -1.9
Arm fat percentage (right) 1.0 4.1 10.7 1.8 2.0 1.8 -1.2 -1.1 3.2 2.6 3.3 -2.4 -1.2 0.5 0.6
Trunk fat-free mass 0.5 3.0 6.0 -1.7 -1.7 -1.6 2.1 -2.5 -1.4 -2.0 -1.9 -0.2 -2.4 0.1 1.1
Hip circumference 0.3 1.3 4.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 -0.2 -1.9 1.2 0.7 1.3 -1.5 -2.1 -0.2 0.8
Time employed in main current job 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 -0.3 -1.1 0.6 -0.8 1.0 -0.7 -0.6 0.1 -0.0
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.5 0.7 2.4 -0.9 -0.8 -1.1 1.2 -0.4 0.3 0.1 -0.0 -0.3 0.0 1.3 1.6
Father’s age at death 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.5 1.0 0.0 0.3 -0.5 -0.0 -0.8 0.1 0.1 1.3
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.6 1.1 3.3 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 0.8 1.2 -1.0 -0.3 -0.7 1.3 1.8 0.4 0.7
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.4 2.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.2 1.5
Falls in the last year 1.2 1.6 2.4 -1.4 -1.5 -1.4 1.0 1.4 -1.5 -1.4 -1.5 1.6 1.0 0.2 0.7
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.5 0.8 4.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 2.2 -0.6 0.3 -1.0 1.0 1.4 0.6 -0.2
Number of live births 2.0 2.8 6.2 1.8 1.9 1.9 -1.6 -2.5 1.7 0.4 1.7 -1.6 -2.0 -1.2 -0.9
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 1.4 4.6 10.3 -2.6 -2.8 -2.7 2.5 -0.0 -3.2 -1.8 -3.1 1.9 -0.2 -0.2 0.5
Pulse rate 0.8 1.4 5.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.8 2.0 1.0 1.0 -2.4 -0.6 -0.9 1.6
Happiness 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.8 -1.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -1.2 -0.5 -0.3 0.4
Noisy workplace 1.0 1.3 3.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 -1.8 -1.0 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.1 0.5 0.7 -0.9
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 1.9 4.3 8.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 1.8 1.5 -2.8 -2.0 -2.9 2.3 1.0 2.6 -0.1
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 1.2 1.4 5.9 0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.9 1.5 -0.8 -1.9 -0.8 2.4 0.5 -0.7 -1.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.6
Asthma 0.7 1.4 2.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 -1.4 -0.5 0.8 1.0 0.9 -0.0 -1.6 0.2 -1.4
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.2
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 3.0 4.7 8.6 -2.9 -2.9 -2.9 2.8 0.5 -2.0 -2.0 -1.7 2.2 1.6 -0.4 2.1
Depression (self-reported) 0.3 0.3 1.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.5 0.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.9 -1.3 0.5
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.6 0.7 2.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 -1.2 -1.6 0.7 -0.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.5
Prospective memory result 0.9 1.1 2.2 0.8 1.1 0.8 -0.8 -1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 -1.1 -1.1 -0.1 0.1
Lung cancer (father) 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.4 -1.2 -0.9 -0.6 0.8 -0.0 -1.3 -1.2
Illnesses of mother 1.2 1.5 3.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.4 1.9 -0.7 -1.0 -0.6 -1.3 -1.1 -1.2 0.2 1.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.5 1.5 3.6 -1.5 -1.8 -1.6 1.9 -0.8 -1.6 -0.2 -1.3 -0.3 -0.8 0.3 0.8
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 1.1 1.2 5.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.8 -1.6 0.8 -1.1 0.6 -0.9 -0.2 -2.2 -0.6
Impedance of arm (left) 0.7 3.1 5.7 2.3 2.2 2.1 -2.4 1.2 1.5 2.2 2.1 0.1 1.1 -0.1 -1.7
Arm fat mass (right) 0.6 2.5 6.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 -0.2 -1.6 2.5 1.8 2.3 -2.4 -1.5 0.7 1.3
Trunk predicted mass 0.5 3.0 5.9 -1.8 -1.8 -1.6 2.1 -2.4 -1.5 -2.1 -1.9 -0.2 -2.4 0.0 1.1
Standing height 0.3 2.7 5.7 -1.7 -1.8 -1.7 1.9 -1.4 -2.2 -2.3 -2.4 0.8 -1.4 -0.2 0.4
Length of working week for main job 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.4 -0.4 0.7 -0.3 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -1.1 -0.9
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.5 1.6 8.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.4 -2.9 0.9 1.1 0.5 -1.1 -2.2 -1.4 0.9
Breastfed as a baby 1.1 1.4 4.0 -1.3 -1.4 -1.3 0.8 0.2 -1.6 -1.3 -2.0 1.1 0.5 -0.8 0.4
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.9 -0.4 -0.2
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.6 -0.0 -0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 0.9 0.0 -1.0 -0.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 1.7 4.2 20.9 -2.3 -2.4 -2.2 1.9 -0.7 1.1 -0.7 0.0 0.5 2.4 1.2 4.6
Birth weight of first child 1.5 2.6 6.5 -1.6 -1.7 -1.7 2.0 -1.8 -2.0 -2.5 -1.8 0.8 -0.7 1.2 0.5
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.1 0.3 0.7 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.7 -0.4 -0.7 0.5 -0.8 -0.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2
Pulse wave reflection index 0.6 0.8 2.9 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 -1.7 -0.7 -1.3 -0.7 0.1 -0.9 -1.5 -0.5
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.2 1.4 2.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 -1.4 -0.8 0.8 0.7 1.3 -0.5 -0.6 -1.1 -1.5
Loud music exposure frequency 0.7 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.1 -1.1 0.6 1.1 -0.0 1.1 -0.9 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 2.9 4.6 9.2 -2.3 -2.5 -2.4 2.2 1.9 -2.4 -3.0 -2.5 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 1.3 1.7 3.4 -1.4 -1.0 -1.2 1.1 1.4 -0.3 -1.3 -0.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.3
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.6 0.8 2.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 -1.2 -0.5 0.6 0.2 0.9 -0.3 0.5 -1.5 -0.8
Medication: Paracetamol 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 -0.6 0.6
Headache pain in last month 1.1 1.9 5.6 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 0.9 1.5 -1.4 -1.1 -1.4 2.4 0.9 -1.0 -0.0
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 2.1 3.5 6.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 -2.5 -0.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 -1.8 -2.1 -0.4 -2.0
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.0 -0.6 -0.0 -0.6 -0.4 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.8
Gout (self-reported) 0.9 1.3 5.0 -0.3 -0.8 -0.3 -0.4 2.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 2.2 2.2 -0.1 0.0
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.5 1.1 7.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.6 -0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 -1.6 -2.6 -1.1 0.4
Medication: Amlodipine 0.9 1.3 2.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 -1.4 -0.1 0.9 1.6 1.1 -0.8 0.1 1.0 -1.0
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 -0.9 -0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.1 -0.7 -0.0 -0.7
Birth weight 0.9 1.9 4.9 -1.6 -1.7 -1.5 2.2 -0.5 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.4 0.8 1.5
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 1.1 1.3 3.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 -1.0 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.4 -0.1 1.0 1.2 0.2
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.7 1.0 3.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.1 -1.0 -1.3 -0.8 1.6 0.9 -1.0 -1.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.6 2.2 5.2 -2.0 -2.2 -2.0 2.3 -0.5 -1.8 -0.3 -1.6 0.0 -0.5 0.7 1.2
Body fat percentage 0.8 3.3 10.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 -0.6 -0.5 3.2 2.4 2.9 -2.3 -0.8 1.0 1.7
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.7 2.7 8.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 -0.9 -0.4 2.8 2.1 2.7 -1.8 -0.9 1.0 1.3
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.5 2.5 5.2 -1.7 -1.6 -1.6 2.1 -2.3 -0.7 -1.2 -1.3 -1.1 -2.2 0.1 1.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 1.4 1.9 5.6 -1.5 -1.9 -1.7 1.3 2.4 -0.8 -0.6 -0.7 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.8
Comparative body size at age 10 0.3 0.9 3.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.3 -0.4 1.2 1.2 0.9 -0.5 0.8 2.0 1.5
Number of full brothers 0.4 0.5 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 -1.6 -0.6 -1.2 0.6
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.9 1.5 2.9 -1.4 -1.3 -1.1 1.1 -1.1 -1.7 -1.5 -1.3 0.1 -1.4 -1.4 0.2
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.3 0.4 2.9 0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -1.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.9 1.7 3.7 1.4 1.5 1.6 -1.9 0.0 1.9 1.4 1.9 0.5 0.1 0.6 -0.1
Number of children fathered 1.3 1.5 5.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 -1.0 2.0 -0.9 -0.4 -0.7 0.6 1.4 -0.8 -2.4
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.8 -0.9 0.3 -0.0 -0.4 -0.0 0.9 1.0 -0.0 -1.2
Age at first live birth 0.5 0.9 2.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.9 -0.8 -1.6 -0.5 -1.5 -0.6 -0.9 -1.3 -0.8
Pulse wave peak to peak time 1.1 1.3 4.2 -1.1 -1.3 -1.2 1.1 1.6 -0.9 0.8 -0.8 0.9 0.1 2.0 0.8
Health satisfaction 0.3 0.4 1.8 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.0 0.7 -0.0 0.6 -0.1 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.5
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.7 0.8 3.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 1.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.7 1.8 1.7 0.2 -0.2
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.7 2.2 5.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.8 0.3 -2.3 -1.7 -2.2 2.0 0.3 2.0 -1.8
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.0 -0.6 1.0 0.4 1.2 0.8 -0.4 0.7 -0.5 -1.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 2.6 3.1 7.5 2.1 2.3 2.4 -2.7 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.2 -2.2 -2.7
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.0 1.2 0.9 -0.9 -0.2 0.7 1.3 0.5 -0.9 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.3 0.5 2.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 -0.3 0.1 -1.1 -0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -1.6
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.1 0.2 1.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.3 -1.0 -0.4 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 -0.6
Medication: Blood pressure 0.3 0.6 2.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 0.7 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.0 0.9
Angina (self-reported) 2.0 2.6 6.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 -1.3 0.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 -0.9 0.7 1.8 0.9
Migraine (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 1.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 0.3 1.3 -1.3 -0.6 -0.9 1.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.5
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.0 -1.0 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.0 -0.2 -1.2
Medication: Allopurinol 0.6 0.8 2.8 -0.1 -0.4 -0.0 -0.6 1.0 -0.8 0.1 -0.3 1.7 1.6 -1.0 -0.7
Medication: Omeprazole 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 -1.0 0.3 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 0.8 0.2 0.7
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.6 0.7 3.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 -1.1 -1.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.1 -0.3 -0.6
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.2 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.9 0.6 -0.7 -0.3 1.0 0.4 1.1 -0.8 0.3 0.7 0.1
Heart disease (mother) 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 -0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.6 -0.2
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.0 1.2 3.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 -1.6 1.3 -0.0 0.2 0.6 1.4 1.8 0.2 -1.4
Whole body fat mass 0.5 2.1 5.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 -0.1 -1.3 2.3 1.6 2.0 -2.1 -1.5 0.6 1.6
Leg fat mass (right) 0.4 1.7 4.2 0.4 0.7 0.5 -0.1 -1.1 2.1 1.4 1.8 -1.8 -1.8 0.7 1.5
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.5 2.8 5.6 -1.8 -1.8 -1.7 2.2 -2.4 -0.7 -1.2 -1.4 -0.9 -2.3 0.2 1.9
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.2 0.7 2.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 0.6 1.7 -0.0 0.5 -0.9 -0.0 1.4 -0.7 0.8
Alcohol intake frequency. 1.4 3.2 7.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 -1.4 -0.2 2.8 2.0 2.6 -2.8 -0.9 0.3 0.7
Comparative height size at age 10 0.7 3.8 7.6 -2.8 -2.5 -2.7 2.5 0.8 -2.0 -1.9 -1.8 1.2 0.4 1.0 2.0
Number of full sisters 0.6 0.7 1.9 -0.9 -1.0 -1.0 0.8 0.3 -0.2 -1.4 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 -0.9 1.1
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.6 1.0 2.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.7 0.6 -1.4 -1.5 -0.7 -1.1 0.4 -1.7 -0.8 -0.6
Overall health rating 0.2 0.4 1.9 -0.6 -0.9 -0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.0 0.3 -0.8 -0.9 1.4
Chest pain or discomfort 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.4
Had major operations 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.5 -0.6 0.1 -0.9 0.4 0.4 0.9 -0.3 -0.4
Age at last live birth 0.4 0.7 3.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 1.1 -0.0 -0.7 0.0 -0.9 -1.8 -1.2 -0.5 0.1
Family relationship satisfaction 0.3 0.3 1.6 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -1.3 -0.3 0.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.6
Leg pain on walking 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.5 0.8 0.7 -0.8 -1.3 0.3 -0.6 0.6 -0.2 -0.1 -1.4 -0.6
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 1.5 1.8 4.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 -2.0 0.8 0.5 -0.9 0.6 0.7 1.6 -1.3 -1.9
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 -0.6 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.9 -0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.2
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.6 0.7 4.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.7 -0.5 -1.3 -0.1 2.0 0.7
Medication: Aspirin 0.3 0.4 2.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.9 -0.2 0.3 -0.7 1.5
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.4 0.5 2.8 -0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 1.2 -0.2 0.3 0.1 1.1 1.7 0.4 -0.4
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 -0.8 0.4 0.8 -0.3 0.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.2 0.4 1.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.4 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.0 -0.6 0.4 -0.9 0.2
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.8 0.9 2.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 -1.0 -0.6 -1.0 -1.4 -0.5 1.5 0.8 0.0 -1.6
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 3.0 4.2 7.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 -2.3 -0.8 2.5 1.9 2.6 -2.0 -0.7 -0.5 -1.2
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.3 -0.0 0.2 -0.0 1.3 0.2 -0.4 0.2 -0.0 1.2 0.3 0.3
Smoking status: Previous 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5 0.3 -0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.7 -0.8 0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.3 0.6 3.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 -1.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -1.9 0.4 -1.0
Whole body fat-free mass 0.4 2.6 7.1 -1.5 -1.4 -1.3 1.9 -2.6 -0.8 -1.5 -1.4 -0.8 -2.7 0.1 1.4
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.4 1.9 7.4 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 1.5 -2.4 -0.2 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 -2.7 0.1 1.4
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.9 3.6 9.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 -1.3 -0.9 3.0 2.6 3.1 -2.1 -1.0 0.6 0.7
Average weekly red wine intake 1.2 1.8 7.2 0.6 0.9 0.7 -1.1 0.7 -1.7 -0.8 -0.9 1.9 1.8 0.6 -2.7
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.6 0.7 3.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.9 -1.6 -0.6 1.8 0.4 -0.2 -0.6
Mood swings 0.4 0.7 4.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 -0.2 0.7 1.2 0.5 0.6 -0.1 2.1 0.1 0.4
Loneliness, isolation 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.4 -0.0 0.4 -0.0 -0.3 -0.4
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 1.2 1.8 6.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 -2.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 -1.9 -2.5 -0.8 1.7
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 -1.1 -0.9 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.5
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 1.0 1.6 6.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 1.5 -2.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.9 -1.1 -0.3 2.2
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 1.1 1.1 4.7 -1.0 -0.8 -0.9 1.0 1.7 -0.1 -0.5 -0.9 0.4 2.2 0.3 1.1
Friendships satisfaction 0.9 1.1 4.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 -0.4 2.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 -0.5 0.9 1.8 -0.0
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.9 -0.7 0.1 -0.9 0.6 0.1 -0.6 -1.0
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.7 0.3 -0.6 0.4 0.3 0.0 -0.7
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.3 1.6 4.1 -1.3 -1.4 -1.4 0.8 1.2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.4 0.6 3.8 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.8 -0.6 -0.0 -0.5 0.5 -1.0 -2.0 -0.8
Medication for cholesterol 0.5 0.7 2.5 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7 -1.4 -0.3 -1.6 -1.0
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.4 0.5 2.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 -0.8 0.3 -0.4 1.4
Back pain experienced in last month 0.5 0.8 3.3 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 0.4 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.1 1.0 0.8 1.8
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.6 0.8 3.2 0.8 0.5 0.8 -0.4 -0.7 1.0 1.8 0.8 -1.4 -0.3 -0.6 0.2
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.4 0.4 1.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 -1.2 -0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.5 -1.3 -0.4
Asthma (self-reported) 0.7 1.4 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 -1.5 -0.4 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.3 -1.6 -0.0 -1.5
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.5 1.0 0.6 0.9 -0.6 1.1 -0.7 0.4
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.6 0.8 2.2 1.0 1.3 1.2 -1.5 -0.1 1.2 -0.0 1.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.4
Medication: Aspirin 0.4 0.6 2.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 1.0 0.8 1.1 -0.6 -0.1 -1.1 1.5
Medication: Gliclazide 0.9 1.1 4.3 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 1.0 -1.7 -0.4 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -2.1 -1.1 0.5
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 1.4 1.7 3.4 -1.7 -1.5 -1.7 1.7 0.6 -1.3 -0.6 -1.9 0.1 -1.2 -1.2 1.0
Smoking status: Current 0.5 0.8 2.3 0.9 0.8 0.8 -0.8 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.3 -0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 1.0 2.1 4.2 -1.9 -2.0 -2.0 1.6 -0.4 -2.1 -0.1 -2.0 1.0 0.7 -0.3 0.5
Whole body water mass 0.5 2.6 6.8 -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 2.0 -2.5 -0.9 -1.5 -1.4 -0.8 -2.6 0.1 1.4
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.4 2.0 6.9 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 1.6 -2.3 -0.3 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -2.6 0.0 1.4
Arm fat mass (left) 0.6 2.4 5.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 -0.2 -1.5 2.4 1.7 2.3 -2.3 -1.6 0.6 1.4
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.2 0.4 2.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.3 -0.8 -1.4 0.8
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 3.1 4.2 10.5 -2.1 -2.0 -2.3 1.7 1.1 -3.2 -1.8 -3.2 2.6 1.2 -0.0 -0.6
Miserableness 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.8
Guilty feelings 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3 0.7 -0.4 -0.1 -0.6
Wears glasses or contact lenses 1.1 1.3 2.2 -1.1 -1.2 -1.1 0.8 1.3 -1.2 -1.3 -1.2 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.4
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.6 0.7 2.5 -0.8 -0.4 -0.9 1.1 1.0 0.2 -0.5 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.6 1.2
Hearing aid user 2.0 2.3 6.6 1.9 2.0 2.0 -1.7 -1.2 0.1 1.0 1.1 -0.3 -1.1 -1.0 -2.6
Mother’s age at death 0.8 0.9 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.4 -1.5 -0.1 0.9 -0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.7 -1.3 -0.8
Financial situation satisfaction 0.9 1.1 5.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 -0.7 2.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 -0.5 2.0 -0.3 -0.0
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.8 -1.0 1.0 0.7 -0.2 0.4 0.2 0.8 -0.5 -0.4
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.3 0.3 1.6 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 -1.3 -0.4 -0.8 0.2 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 1.0 1.2 2.5 -1.2 -1.4 -1.5 0.6 -0.0 -0.4 -0.7 -1.3 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.5
Medication: Blood pressure 0.9 1.8 4.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 -1.1 -1.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 -0.7 -1.3 1.0 0.3
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.4 0.5 1.8 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 0.8 -0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 0.7 1.3
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.4 -0.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.2 -1.2 -0.2 0.8 0.2 0.3 -0.7
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.9 1.5 4.5 -1.0 -0.6 -0.9 0.6 1.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.1 2.1 1.2 2.1
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.7 1.1 4.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 -1.1 0.6 1.5 1.0 2.0 -0.2 1.0 0.9 0.2
Medication: Paracetamol 0.1 0.2 0.9 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.9 0.6
Medication: Lisinopril 1.0 1.3 3.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 -1.1 1.2 1.9 1.6 -2.0 -0.0 1.3 1.1
Medication: Atorvastatin 1.4 1.7 5.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.4 1.6 -0.2 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 2.3 2.1
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.7 0.9 4.1 0.4 0.6 0.3 -0.7 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 1.3 1.5 2.0 -0.9
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.0 -1.1 -1.2 0.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0
Ever smoked 0.6 1.0 7.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.8 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 2.6 0.0 0.3
Basal metabolic rate 0.4 2.1 6.6 -1.2 -1.2 -1.1 1.7 -2.4 -0.4 -1.1 -0.9 -1.0 -2.6 0.2 1.5
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.7 2.6 8.7 1.0 1.3 1.1 -0.8 -0.4 2.9 2.0 2.7 -1.7 -0.8 0.7 1.4
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.5 2.7 5.5 -1.7 -1.6 -1.5 2.2 -2.4 -0.4 -1.3 -1.0 -1.3 -2.3 0.2 2.1
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.7 1.1 3.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 -1.8 -1.4 0.3 -0.7 0.4 1.8 0.7 -0.9 -1.0
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 2.3 3.3 10.7 1.1 0.7 1.1 -0.6 -2.6 1.7 2.3 1.6 -2.9 -3.3 -0.1 0.4
Irritability 0.2 0.4 1.8 0.1 -0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.9
Risk taking 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -1.0 -0.2
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.4 0.4 1.7 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.0 0.5 -0.7 -1.3 -0.3 1.1 1.0 0.2 -0.2
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.8 1.1 2.6 1.2 1.2 1.4 -0.7 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.4 -1.3 0.2 0.4 -0.4
Age started oral contraceptive pill 1.5 1.9 7.6 -1.1 -0.9 -1.0 1.4 -2.8 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 -1.4 -2.7 0.0 1.2
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.7 2.2 6.7 1.3 2.0 1.6 -1.7 0.2 0.8 1.6 1.6 0.6 2.6 0.2 -1.6
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.6 0.8 3.1 0.8 0.6 0.9 -0.7 1.8 -0.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.3 -1.3
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.6 0.6 -0.0 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -1.0 0.8
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 -0.5 0.2 0.1 -0.6 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.0 -1.0
Myopia 0.9 1.3 2.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.4 1.4 -0.3 -1.6 -1.5 -1.2 0.7 -0.5 -0.2 0.4
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.3 0.9 3.1 -0.4 -0.7 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 -1.3 -1.8 -1.7 0.8 -0.8 0.6 -0.8
Cholesterol lowering medication 2.3 3.4 7.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 -2.4 -0.4 2.7 2.2 2.6 -0.6 0.3 0.9 -0.2
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.4 0.4 2.9 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.5 -1.7 0.3 -0.8 -0.0 -0.6 0.4 0.3 0.7
Pain experienced in last month 0.9 1.4 6.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.9 0.8 1.2 -2.5 -1.7 -0.0 -0.3
Supplements: Calcium 1.0 1.1 2.2 -1.5 -1.2 -1.5 1.2 1.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5 0.8 0.7 0.1 1.4
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.7 0.8 2.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 -1.7 -0.8 -0.1 -0.4 -0.9 -1.6 -1.3 -1.0
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 1.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 -1.2 0.9 0.1 0.8 -1.1 -0.7 0.9 1.1
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.8 1.0 2.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 -1.3 -1.0 0.7 0.2 1.1 -0.4 0.2 -1.5 -1.0
Heart disease (siblings) 1.5 1.9 6.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.7 -1.3 2.5 2.0 1.8 -1.3 0.2 1.0 1.9
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.5 1.8 4.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 -0.9 -0.3 2.0 2.1 1.9 -1.9 -0.8 0.3 0.6
Pack years of smoking 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 -1.1 -0.4 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.2
Impedance of whole body 0.4 2.1 3.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 -1.5 1.9 1.4 1.9 1.9 -0.0 1.8 0.3 -0.8
Leg fat mass (left) 0.4 1.6 4.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.0 -1.3 2.1 1.2 1.7 -1.7 -1.6 0.5 1.6
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.5 2.5 5.2 -1.6 -1.6 -1.5 2.2 -2.3 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 -1.4 -2.1 0.4 2.1