Hub : Genes

PAM

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Artery Aorta 0.0600 0.0320 9.3e-03 0.027 NA 0.012 NA 0.021 1.3e-02 NA 6.7e-02 NA 2.4e-02
2 GTEx Brain Cerebellar Hemisphere 0.2690 0.1030 8.6e-06 0.105 NA 0.112 NA 0.134 1.2e-03 NA 8.6e-04 NA 2.7e-04
3 GTEx Brain Cerebellum 0.2640 0.0890 1.4e-05 0.167 NA 0.096 NA 0.149 1.2e-05 NA 8.9e-04 NA 3.5e-05
4 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.0568 0.0293 4.1e-03 0.038 NA 0.026 NA 0.046 1.0e-03 NA 5.6e-03 NA 3.1e-04
5 GTEx Pancreas 0.7630 0.0570 2.8e-06 0.009 NA 0.136 NA 0.036 1.3e-01 NA 2.4e-06 NA 1.1e-02
6 GTEx Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg 0.0360 0.0210 1.0e-02 -0.002 NA -0.003 NA 0.041 5.6e-01 NA 8.4e-01 NA 2.3e-04
7 GTEx Thyroid 0.0710 0.0300 4.9e-04 0.085 NA 0.063 NA 0.069 4.8e-07 NA 1.3e-05 NA 5.4e-06
8 GTEx Whole Blood 0.2000 0.0430 0.0e+00 0.275 NA 0.267 NA 0.268 2.2e-25 NA 1.2e-24 NA 1.1e-24
9 METSIM Adipose 0.0355 0.0231 1.7e-03 0.024 0.017 0.021 0.019 0.021 1.5e-04 1.1e-03 3.1e-04 5.3e-04 2.9e-04
10 NTR Blood 0.2633 0.0432 0.0e+00 0.292 0.252 0.288 0.291 0.292 2.0e-95 1.6e-80 7.2e-94 6.2e-95 2.6e-95
11 YFS Blood 0.6431 0.0333 0.0e+00 0.682 0.698 0.719 0.716 0.706 2.9e-316 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00 0.0e+00
12 TCGA Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma 0.0880 0.0590 8.1e-03 0.033 0.024 0.006 NA 0.026 1.8e-02 3.7e-02 1.7e-01 NA 3.2e-02
13 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.2280 0.0750 1.7e-06 0.068 0.054 0.104 NA 0.103 3.8e-07 5.7e-06 2.5e-10 NA 3.6e-10

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.2 1.8 4.8 -1.7 -2.0 -1.3 0.1 0.0 -1.3 1.0 -1.4 -2.2 -1.4 -1.3 0.0 1.5
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.4 1.1 4.9 -2.2 -1.4 -1.8 -0.0 0.0 -0.0 1.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.7 -1.1 0.0 0.7
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.7 1.8 0.8 -0.6 0.7 1.3 0.0 -1.1 0.6 -0.8 -0.7 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 0.9
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.3 1.8 -0.1 0.1 0.5 -1.3 0.0 1.0 -0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.3 -0.0
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 1.3 4.1 16.4 1.3 4.1 1.3 -1.7 0.0 3.1 -1.6 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.2 2.6 -1.3
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 1.9 4.4 6.9 -0.2 -2.5 -0.2 2.3 0.0 -2.2 1.8 -2.4 -2.6 -2.5 -2.3 -2.5 2.6
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.2 0.5 2.2 -1.5 -0.2 -1.2 -0.1 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.1
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.1 0.1 0.8 -0.3 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 -0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1
Worry (Nagel 2018) 5.3 11.1 21.9 -1.3 -4.4 -1.1 2.6 0.0 -3.7 2.6 -3.8 -4.1 -4.1 -3.2 -4.7 3.7
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.2 0.2 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 0.3 1.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 1.0 1.1 5.2 -1.6 -2.3 -1.6 0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.8 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 0.3
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.1
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 1.4 3.4 6.2 -1.5 -2.3 -1.6 1.2 0.0 -1.8 2.1 -2.2 -2.5 -2.3 -2.1 -1.7 1.1
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 2.1 3.9 8.4 -0.8 -2.0 -0.6 2.0 0.0 -2.0 2.5 -2.4 -2.9 -2.7 -2.5 -1.8 0.9
Major Depression (MDD) 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.4
Reaction Time 0.2 0.5 3.9 0.4 0.2 0.7 -0.8 0.0 0.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 2.0 -0.1
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 2.5 6.0 15.8 1.8 4.0 2.1 -2.5 0.0 3.6 -2.8 2.4 1.9 2.1 1.6 3.3 -1.0
Breast Cancer 0.4 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.2 1.5 0.1 0.0 1.4 -0.4 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.5 1.2 0.2
Ovarian Cancer 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.0 0.0 0.4 -0.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.1
Prostate Cancer 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.9 -0.8
Age at First Birth 0.2 0.3 1.9 0.4 1.4 -0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.5 -0.6 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 -0.8
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.1
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.2 0.3 2.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 -0.1
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.6 0.7 2.8 1.2 -1.7 -0.1 1.2 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.6 0.4 0.8 -1.2 -0.3
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.4 0.7 1.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 -0.7 0.0 1.0 -1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.3 -0.6
Mean Putamen Volume 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.0 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.8 -0.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 -0.6
Fasting Glucose 1.9 2.3 5.3 -2.1 -2.2 -2.3 1.0 0.0 -1.4 0.8 -1.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1 -1.5 2.1
HbA1C 1.1 1.2 3.2 1.5 1.8 1.4 -0.4 0.0 1.0 -0.7 0.8 1.5 0.5 0.3 1.7 -0.7
HDL Cholesterol 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.0 -1.0 0.5 -0.1 -0.7 0.2 0.5 -1.0 -0.3
LDL Cholesterol 2.5 4.0 7.1 -1.0 -1.8 -1.1 2.2 0.0 -2.6 2.2 -2.2 -2.0 -2.5 -2.4 -2.7 1.4
Lupus 1.1 1.7 5.2 -0.4 -2.3 -0.8 0.9 0.0 -1.3 0.4 -1.5 -1.4 -1.4 -1.0 -2.1 1.0
Neuroticism (2016) 1.7 2.4 8.7 -1.4 -3.0 -1.5 2.1 0.0 -1.4 1.8 -1.2 -1.0 -1.4 -0.9 -1.9 0.8
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 1.4 2.0 12.2 -0.1 -3.5 -0.7 0.8 0.0 -1.6 1.0 -1.4 -2.0 -1.3 -0.8 0.0 0.8
Rheumatoid Arthritis 9.2 12.7 35.7 -2.4 -6.0 -3.2 3.1 0.0 -4.3 3.2 -3.9 -3.7 -3.9 -3.6 -3.3 2.5
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.4 0.8 3.7 -1.9 -0.8 -1.3 -0.4 0.0 0.8 1.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.4 -1.2 0.0 0.4
Triglycerides 0.3 0.5 2.7 0.4 -0.6 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 -0.6 0.1 -0.4 -0.8 0.2 1.7
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 7.0 8.1 11.6 2.8 2.2 3.3 -3.0 0.0 2.8 -3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 2.5 -1.8
Ulcerative Colitis 0.9 1.2 4.1 -1.0 -0.9 -0.7 0.5 0.0 -0.9 1.1 -1.4 -2.0 -1.7 -1.7 0.0 -0.2
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.5 3.9 7.9 -2.8 -2.7 -2.8 1.9 0.0 -2.0 2.2 -1.6 -1.0 -1.8 -1.9 -0.7 2.0
Blood Platelet Count 0.6 7.3 16.7 -1.9 -4.1 -2.3 2.5 0.0 -2.8 3.3 -2.9 -2.6 -2.8 -2.5 -3.2 2.1
Blood Red Count 0.9 9.0 27.2 -2.7 -5.2 -2.6 2.7 0.0 -3.9 2.4 -3.0 -3.1 -2.9 -2.1 -3.3 2.3
Blood White Count 3.4 25.5 36.0 5.4 5.3 5.5 -4.7 0.0 5.4 -5.0 5.8 5.4 6.0 5.9 4.5 -3.7
Heel T-Score 0.4 2.9 8.0 2.8 2.6 2.3 -0.9 0.0 2.0 -1.6 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 -0.4
BMI 3.4 19.6 34.3 3.7 3.0 3.9 -5.1 0.0 4.4 -5.9 5.3 4.5 4.8 5.1 4.9 -4.0
Height 1.3 24.8 68.0 -5.4 -5.5 -4.4 2.2 0.0 -6.8 3.2 -5.2 -5.3 -5.3 -4.2 -8.2 3.9
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 8.5 38.4 66.4 -7.2 -7.9 -6.6 3.7 0.0 -7.5 6.2 -6.4 -5.9 -6.4 -5.6 -8.2 4.3
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.1 0.6 2.1 0.8 -1.3 0.5 0.4 0.0 -1.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 -1.4 -0.7
Smoking Status 0.2 0.5 1.9 -0.9 0.1 -0.1 -1.4 0.0 0.7 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.6 1.4 0.4
Allergy or Eczema 0.9 2.3 10.2 -1.5 -3.2 -1.2 0.5 0.0 -1.6 0.9 -1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -1.3 -1.5 0.6
Cardiovascular Disease 0.4 1.2 5.3 0.4 -0.9 0.4 -1.7 0.0 0.1 -2.3 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.6 0.6 -0.9
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 4.2 9.6 39.3 -2.6 -6.3 -2.7 1.7 0.0 -3.6 2.0 -3.1 -2.6 -3.0 -2.4 -3.1 3.2
Respiratory disease 0.7 1.7 3.7 -1.8 -1.9 -1.5 0.5 0.0 -0.9 1.0 -1.1 -1.7 -1.2 -1.3 -1.1 1.2
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 6.2 11.6 23.3 2.6 3.9 2.7 -3.2 0.0 4.2 -3.9 3.9 3.3 3.8 3.3 4.8 -2.0
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 2.0 10.0 15.3 3.3 2.5 3.1 -3.1 0.0 3.8 -3.9 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.7 -3.0
Lung FVC 0.4 2.3 15.6 0.7 4.0 1.0 -1.1 0.0 2.2 0.2 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.4 -0.4
Neuroticism 2.7 6.6 9.9 -0.4 -2.7 -0.1 2.8 0.0 -3.0 2.6 -3.0 -3.0 -3.2 -2.8 -3.1 2.9
Chronotype (morning person) 0.8 1.8 9.7 3.1 0.6 2.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 -1.6 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.2
Hair Pigment 0.0 0.3 2.5 -0.5 -1.6 -0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.6
Tanning 0.7 8.4 13.3 3.4 3.2 3.4 -1.9 0.0 2.9 -2.3 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.5 2.5 -2.5
Hand grip strength (left) 0.5 1.3 7.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -1.0 0.0 -2.1 -0.2 -0.8 -1.5 -0.9 0.1 -2.7 0.1
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.6 1.0 5.2 -0.5 -2.3 -0.4 0.5 0.0 -1.7 0.3 -1.1 -0.9 -1.2 -0.7 -0.6 0.6
Average weekly spirits intake 0.2 0.2 0.9 -1.0 -0.3 -0.8 -0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 0.6 0.4
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 1.5 2.6 8.2 -0.9 -1.8 -0.6 2.1 0.0 -1.4 2.1 -1.6 -0.9 -1.2 -1.4 -1.8 2.9
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.3 -0.9 0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.2 0.2 1.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.3 0.7 0.0 0.9 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.3 1.1 -0.3
Relative age of first facial hair 1.4 2.8 9.0 -0.5 0.9 0.2 -1.9 0.0 2.1 -0.8 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.4 -3.0
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.8 1.1 2.7 -1.1 -1.5 -0.7 0.6 0.0 -0.4 0.7 -1.2 -1.6 -1.2 -1.2 -1.0 1.0
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.8 1.0 4.3 1.8 0.3 2.1 -0.6 0.0 -0.5 -1.6 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.8 0.9
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.6 0.7 2.1 -1.0 -0.7 -0.9 0.8 0.0 -1.4 0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.7
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.3 1.0 2.8 1.7 -0.0 1.6 -1.0 0.0 0.3 -1.5 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.1 -0.1 -1.3
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 2.2 2.4 5.0 0.6 1.4 0.7 -1.9 0.0 2.2 -2.0 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.1 -0.3
Angina 2.7 3.6 7.0 -2.1 -1.8 -1.5 0.4 0.0 -2.2 1.3 -2.4 -2.0 -2.3 -2.0 -2.6 1.9
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.5 0.5 3.1 1.5 0.7 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.8
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.3 0.5 2.6 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.9 0.0 0.2 -1.4 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.3 -1.6
Supplements: Zinc 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.6 -0.9 -0.4 -0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.5 -0.5 -0.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.4 0.7
Medication: Co-codamol 0.7 0.8 2.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8 0.7 0.9
Medication: Metformin 4.3 6.0 9.8 1.9 2.9 2.0 -2.3 0.0 2.5 -2.9 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.1 -2.2
Diabetes (father) 4.0 4.9 13.6 1.3 1.9 1.1 -1.3 0.0 3.7 -2.3 2.5 1.7 2.4 2.1 3.6 -2.1
Diabetes (mother) 1.9 2.5 4.2 1.1 1.6 1.2 -1.7 0.0 1.6 -1.8 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.9 -2.0
Severe depression (siblings) 2.2 2.5 4.6 -0.8 -2.0 -1.3 2.1 0.0 -1.5 2.1 -1.6 -1.1 -1.8 -1.6 -1.8 1.7
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.6 1.0 1.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 1.0 0.0 -0.7 1.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.8 -1.1 -0.6 0.9
Impedance of leg (right) 5.3 25.5 43.2 -4.3 -4.3 -4.6 5.5 0.0 -5.3 6.6 -5.7 -5.6 -5.2 -5.5 -5.1 5.0
Leg fat-free mass (left) 1.6 8.4 17.3 1.6 2.1 2.3 -3.9 0.0 2.3 -4.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.7 1.6 -3.3
Trunk fat percentage 0.5 2.0 4.6 1.0 0.4 1.4 -1.7 0.0 1.1 -2.1 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 -1.6
Hand grip strength (right) 1.4 3.7 10.4 -0.7 -1.5 -0.9 0.9 0.0 -3.2 1.5 -2.3 -2.5 -2.4 -1.7 -3.2 0.8
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.2 0.3 1.7 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.0 -0.2 -0.7 1.3 0.4
Current tobacco smoking 0.2 0.3 1.8 -0.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1 -0.5 1.3 0.2
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.4 0.4 1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -1.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4
Maternal smoking around birth 0.3 0.5 1.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 1.0 0.0 -0.0 0.8 -0.5 0.1 -0.4 -0.9 0.5 1.3
Fed-up feelings 0.3 0.5 2.4 1.5 -0.2 1.5 1.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.5
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.7 2.7 0.7 0.4 1.2 -1.1 0.0 1.4 -0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.0 1.6 0.1
Relative age voice broke 2.6 3.9 9.1 0.8 0.9 1.2 -3.0 0.0 1.6 -2.1 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 0.6 -3.0
Taking other prescription medications 0.5 0.8 4.0 -1.3 -2.0 -1.0 0.1 0.0 -0.9 0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.4 3.3 8.6 2.7 2.2 2.9 -2.4 0.0 0.9 -2.4 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.9 -0.0 -1.4
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.6 0.7 3.4 1.9 0.5 1.4 1.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 0.3 0.5 -1.1 -0.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 1.1 2.6 6.2 1.4 2.5 1.6 -2.2 0.0 1.6 -1.9 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 -0.9
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 2.4 2.6 4.2 1.0 -1.3 0.4 1.6 0.0 -2.0 1.3 -2.1 -2.1 -2.0 -1.7 -1.9 1.9
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 2.8 3.7 11.0 -1.2 -2.3 -1.2 0.9 0.0 -2.5 1.6 -2.0 -2.3 -1.7 -1.3 -3.3 2.2
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.6 -0.0 0.3 -0.7 0.0 0.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 0.9 -1.2
High blood pressure 0.3 0.8 4.8 0.0 -0.5 0.2 -1.5 0.0 -0.1 -2.2 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.1 -0.4 -0.6
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.2 0.4 2.9 -0.6 -1.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.9
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.9 1.2 3.8 0.1 0.6 0.2 1.8 0.0 -0.1 1.9 -0.7 -0.1 -0.6 -1.2 1.3 1.9
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 1.2 1.5 7.9 -1.0 -2.8 -1.1 0.6 0.0 -1.5 0.8 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 -1.4 0.1 0.7
Supplements: Glucosamine 1.7 2.3 5.5 1.6 0.9 1.1 -1.1 0.0 2.1 -1.4 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 -2.4
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 2.1 2.5 5.3 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 2.0 0.0 -2.3 2.2 -1.9 -1.2 -1.7 -1.6 -1.7 1.9
Medication: Atenolol 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.8 0.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 4.6 7.8 33.8 -3.1 -5.8 -3.1 1.6 0.0 -2.5 2.1 -2.5 -2.6 -2.3 -2.2 -2.5 2.3
Sitting height 0.1 0.5 1.5 -0.1 1.0 0.8 -0.8 0.0 -0.4 -0.9 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 -1.2 -0.0
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.5 1.8 4.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 1.8 0.0 -1.6 1.6 -1.7 -1.3 -2.0 -1.9 -1.1 0.9
High blood pressure (mother) 0.1 0.2 1.1 0.6 -0.0 0.8 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 -1.0 -0.1
Body mass index (BMI) 3.5 14.8 23.9 3.4 2.2 3.3 -3.9 0.0 4.0 -4.9 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.6 3.7 -4.1
Impedance of leg (left) 5.6 27.4 45.8 -4.2 -4.3 -4.4 5.9 0.0 -5.5 6.8 -6.0 -5.9 -5.6 -6.0 -4.8 5.4
Leg predicted mass (left) 1.7 8.9 17.8 1.7 2.2 2.4 -4.0 0.0 2.4 -4.2 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.8 1.7 -3.4
Trunk fat mass 0.7 3.1 7.3 1.2 0.7 1.7 -2.3 0.0 1.2 -2.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.2 1.4 -2.1
Waist circumference 0.6 2.1 5.0 0.1 -1.1 0.5 -2.2 0.0 0.3 -2.0 1.8 1.4 1.5 2.1 0.2 -2.2
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.3 0.5 1.2 -0.8 -1.0 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 -1.1
Past tobacco smoking 1.1 2.1 6.5 2.5 2.0 2.1 0.5 0.0 1.1 -0.5 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.0 -0.9
Alcohol usually taken with meals 1.2 1.9 5.4 -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 0.2 0.0 -1.8 0.5 -1.5 -2.3 -1.3 -0.9 -2.3 1.4
Nervous feelings 3.2 5.9 12.8 -0.2 -2.4 -0.0 2.5 0.0 -2.0 2.4 -3.0 -2.9 -3.2 -2.8 -2.5 3.6
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 2.1 3.2 9.1 -0.6 -3.0 -0.1 1.7 0.0 -2.1 1.2 -1.8 -1.9 -1.9 -1.6 -3.0 1.4
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 1.0 1.6 3.3 -1.5 -1.3 -1.7 1.2 0.0 -0.7 0.8 -1.5 -1.4 -1.7 -1.8 0.2 0.7
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.2 0.3 1.9 -0.4 -1.4 -0.6 -0.8 0.0 -0.6 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1
Had menopause 0.3 0.4 1.7 -1.3 -0.6 -1.0 0.1 0.0 -0.8 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.4
Had other major operations 0.6 0.7 3.6 1.9 -0.3 1.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.9 -0.5 0.1 -0.9 -0.5
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.3 1.0 2.9 -1.2 1.7 -0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.9 0.7 -1.0 -0.8 -1.0 -0.8 -1.5 1.3
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.8 1.9 5.4 1.6 2.3 1.4 -1.6 0.0 1.6 -1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 -1.1
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 1.2 1.5 5.9 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 2.4 0.0 -0.0 2.0 -1.3 -0.9 -1.2 -1.7 0.3 1.6
Qualifications: None of the above 1.6 3.5 9.6 -1.3 -3.1 -1.7 2.3 0.0 -2.2 1.9 -1.8 -1.5 -1.9 -1.8 -2.0 0.8
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 0.3 -0.0 0.4 -0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.4 0.6 2.8 0.4 1.7 0.3 0.7 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.1
Heart attack 0.4 0.6 2.0 -1.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.6 -0.8 -0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 1.4
Allergy 0.3 0.7 2.6 1.3 1.6 0.7 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -0.6 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.0
Pain all over the body in last month 0.3 0.3 1.3 -1.1 0.1 -1.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.0 0.3
Diabetes (self-reported) 5.4 8.3 12.7 3.0 2.8 2.9 -2.8 0.0 3.6 -3.1 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 -1.9
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.4 0.6 1.7 -0.2 -1.0 -0.4 1.3 0.0 -0.9 0.7 -0.9 -1.0 -0.8 -0.8 -0.5 -0.1
Medication: Ramipril 0.3 0.4 2.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.7 0.0 0.7 -1.4 -0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.9 0.9
Medication: Simvastatin 0.8 1.1 3.5 0.3 -1.1 0.4 -0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.3 -1.4 -1.6 -1.1 -0.9 -1.4 1.0
Fluid intelligence score 2.8 5.8 14.1 1.0 3.8 1.0 -3.0 0.0 3.5 -2.7 2.4 1.8 2.4 1.9 3.1 -1.8
Illnesses of siblings 0.6 0.8 4.1 -0.1 2.0 0.2 -1.2 0.0 1.1 -0.5 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.1 -0.4 -0.4
Neuroticism score 2.6 5.5 9.2 -0.2 -2.7 0.2 3.0 0.0 -2.7 2.5 -2.5 -2.4 -2.4 -2.3 -2.9 3.0
Weight 1.3 6.2 13.7 1.6 1.1 2.1 -3.3 0.0 1.8 -3.7 3.1 2.7 2.6 3.2 1.5 -3.0
Impedance of arm (right) 2.4 11.0 18.5 -2.5 -1.7 -2.4 4.0 0.0 -3.2 3.9 -4.1 -3.6 -3.8 -4.3 -2.6 4.0
Arm fat percentage (right) 2.3 8.9 14.5 2.7 1.4 2.6 -2.8 0.0 3.2 -3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.1 -3.1
Trunk fat-free mass 0.5 3.2 7.9 0.4 0.5 1.0 -2.8 0.0 0.7 -2.7 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.5 -0.1 -2.5
Hip circumference 3.3 14.2 23.2 3.4 2.6 3.9 -3.7 0.0 3.6 -4.8 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.4 3.6 -3.8
Time employed in main current job 3.0 3.5 7.3 -2.2 -2.7 -2.4 1.4 0.0 -1.5 2.2 -2.1 -2.3 -1.6 -1.9 -1.0 1.5
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.4 0.6 3.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.9 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.0 1.9 -0.2
Father’s age at death 0.4 0.6 3.4 -0.6 0.8 -0.5 -1.9 0.0 -0.1 -1.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -1.0
Worrier / anxious feelings 4.5 8.6 21.3 -1.7 -4.6 -1.6 2.2 0.0 -3.6 2.5 -3.0 -3.3 -3.0 -2.5 -4.0 3.0
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.3 -0.7 0.3 -0.0 0.0 0.7 -0.5 -0.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 -0.0
Falls in the last year 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.7 0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.7 -0.9 -0.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 1.0 1.5 3.7 -1.6 -0.7 -1.9 1.7 0.0 -0.3 0.8 -1.3 -1.3 -1.2 -1.5 -0.9 1.1
Number of live births 1.7 2.5 6.0 1.8 2.2 2.4 -1.3 0.0 0.8 -1.3 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.7 -1.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.2 0.7 6.5 0.2 2.6 0.8 -0.9 0.0 0.1 -0.6 0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.8 0.1
Pulse rate 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 -0.2 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.9 -0.0
Happiness 0.6 0.8 2.4 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.0 0.1 1.1 -1.1 -0.6 -1.1 -1.5 0.7 1.2
Noisy workplace 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.2 -0.7 -0.0 -0.4 0.0 -1.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.1 -0.8 0.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.2 0.4 1.8 -0.2 1.3 -0.4 -1.0 0.0 0.9 -0.7 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 -0.3 0.5 0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.7 -0.8 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 0.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.5 0.8 2.7 1.1 0.5 1.6 -1.3 0.0 -0.1 -1.4 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.8
Asthma 0.5 1.0 2.9 -1.7 -0.7 -1.5 1.4 0.0 -0.5 1.2 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -1.3 0.3 0.8
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.1 1.4 3.5 -0.5 -0.8 -0.7 1.4 0.0 -1.2 1.1 -1.8 -1.2 -1.6 -1.9 -0.4 1.4
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.8 1.2 3.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.0 -1.7 0.7 -1.3 -1.7 -1.2 -1.2 -0.9 1.7
Depression (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.8 0.0 -0.2 1.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.7 0.3 0.3
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.6 0.7 2.4 -0.3 -1.4 -0.6 0.5 0.0 -1.0 0.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -1.5 1.1
Prospective memory result 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.8 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.8 -0.1 -1.1
Lung cancer (father) 0.2 0.3 1.5 -0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.7 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.6 -1.2
Illnesses of mother 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.6 0.0 -0.4 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.3 0.9 4.6 0.5 2.1 1.2 -1.1 0.0 0.2 -1.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 -0.5 -0.3
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.2 -0.9 0.4 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 1.0
Impedance of arm (left) 2.1 9.6 17.3 -2.4 -1.4 -1.9 3.4 0.0 -3.0 3.8 -4.0 -3.4 -3.7 -4.2 -2.2 3.9
Arm fat mass (right) 2.1 8.6 15.8 2.3 1.2 2.3 -3.2 0.0 2.8 -4.0 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.7 2.4 -3.3
Trunk predicted mass 0.6 3.2 7.8 0.4 0.5 1.0 -2.8 0.0 0.6 -2.7 2.1 2.1 1.7 2.5 -0.2 -2.5
Standing height 0.8 7.7 18.8 -3.6 -2.2 -2.2 0.9 0.0 -4.3 1.9 -3.0 -2.7 -3.2 -2.5 -4.3 2.1
Length of working week for main job 0.1 0.1 1.1 1.1 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.7
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.3 1.4 3.8 -1.8 -1.2 -1.9 0.9 0.0 -1.1 1.4 -1.0 -0.4 -1.3 -1.6 -0.6 -0.5
Breastfed as a baby 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.9 0.0 0.5 -1.2 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.5 -1.4
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 1.2 1.9 10.2 -0.6 -3.2 -0.3 1.1 0.0 -2.1 0.8 -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 -0.8 -1.6 0.5
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.4 0.6 2.9 -0.6 -1.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.6 0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 0.9
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 2.7 6.7 14.5 -2.2 -2.6 -1.9 2.0 0.0 -3.8 2.4 -2.9 -2.8 -2.9 -2.6 -3.4 2.1
Birth weight of first child 0.5 0.9 2.0 0.6 1.4 0.7 -1.3 0.0 0.2 -1.0 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.6 -1.4
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.5 1.3 3.3 -1.7 -0.1 -1.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.7 0.4 -1.1 -1.8 -1.1 -0.9 -1.8 1.1
Pulse wave reflection index 1.1 1.3 3.9 1.1 0.8 1.3 -2.0 0.0 0.6 -1.4 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.5 0.4 -1.2
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.9 2.3 6.0 -1.2 -0.5 -0.6 2.2 0.0 -1.6 1.7 -1.9 -1.2 -1.7 -2.5 -0.2 1.7
Loud music exposure frequency 1.3 1.5 4.9 -1.7 -0.3 -1.7 0.5 0.0 0.2 1.2 -1.5 -1.3 -1.4 -2.2 0.3 0.9
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.4 0.7 2.7 -0.8 -1.0 -0.8 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.0 -0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6 -0.9 1.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.7 0.1 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 -0.6 0.5 0.2
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.5 0.7 2.3 1.1 1.1 1.5 -1.3 0.0 -0.1 -1.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4
Medication: Paracetamol 3.0 5.0 9.1 -1.7 -2.7 -1.8 2.2 0.0 -2.5 2.0 -2.6 -2.4 -2.4 -2.3 -2.1 3.0
Headache pain in last month 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 1.2 0.5
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.4 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1 -0.1 -1.0
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 2.5 -0.0 -1.6 -0.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.3
Gout (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 2.9 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0 1.2 0.0 -0.1 1.7 -1.2 -0.8 -1.1 -1.3 -0.7 0.4
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 5.2 10.2 36.2 -3.5 -6.0 -3.3 2.0 0.0 -3.3 2.7 -3.2 -2.8 -3.0 -2.7 -2.7 3.1
Medication: Amlodipine 1.5 2.1 3.9 -1.2 -1.3 -1.1 0.9 0.0 -1.9 0.6 -1.9 -1.2 -2.0 -1.7 -1.5 1.8
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.4 0.5 1.7 -0.8 -0.7 -0.3 0.6 0.0 -0.9 0.2 -0.8 -0.4 -0.5 -1.0 0.5 1.3
Birth weight 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.7 0.7 -0.5 0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5 0.6
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.5 0.6 4.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 -0.4 0.0 1.4 -0.4 0.1 0.6 0.2 -0.4 2.1 0.2
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.3 0.5 4.4 0.6 -2.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.6 -0.4 0.1 -0.1
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.1 0.5 2.4 -0.7 1.6 0.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -1.2 0.7
Body fat percentage 0.8 3.3 5.5 1.6 0.7 1.7 -1.9 0.0 1.6 -2.3 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.9 -2.1
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.7 2.6 5.3 1.3 0.0 1.0 -1.4 0.0 1.7 -1.7 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.2 -2.3
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.8 3.9 9.9 0.5 0.6 1.0 -3.1 0.0 1.0 -2.9 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.8 0.4 -2.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 1.1 1.5 4.9 0.2 -1.9 -0.0 2.2 0.0 -1.2 1.5 -1.5 -1.1 -1.2 -1.5 -0.2 0.4
Comparative body size at age 10 0.3 0.8 2.4 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.6 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.2 -0.4
Number of full brothers 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.7 0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.8 -0.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.2 -0.1
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.3 0.5 2.8 1.1 0.6 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.5 1.1
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.3 0.4 1.1 -0.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.8 -0.7 0.1 -0.8 -1.0 0.0 0.7
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 1.3 2.3 6.2 -0.9 -1.8 -1.3 2.5 0.0 -0.5 1.5 -1.5 -1.8 -1.2 -1.5 0.2 2.4
Number of children fathered 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.3 1.1 0.5 -1.0 0.0 0.6 -0.9 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 -0.5
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 2.7 3.1 7.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 -2.1 0.0 2.0 -2.1 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 1.6 -2.7
Age at first live birth 0.2 0.4 2.0 0.4 1.2 0.6 -1.4 0.0 0.4 -0.6 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.5
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.3 0.3 1.2 -0.0 0.7 -0.6 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.8
Health satisfaction 1.1 1.4 3.5 0.3 -0.5 0.2 1.7 0.0 -0.3 0.9 -1.7 -1.6 -1.5 -1.7 0.6 1.9
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.4 0.4 2.4 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.4 -0.8 1.5 0.3
Qualifications: College or University degree 3.2 10.1 25.2 2.4 5.0 2.8 -2.9 0.0 4.0 -3.2 3.2 3.7 2.8 2.6 3.2 -3.0
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.4 0.5 2.7 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.1 0.0 -0.0 -0.7 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 -0.7 -0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 1.9 2.2 5.8 2.3 1.6 2.2 -0.6 0.0 1.4 -1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.7 2.4 -1.3
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 4.0 4.5 8.8 -1.4 -2.3 -1.7 2.6 0.0 -2.3 1.7 -2.4 -2.2 -2.6 -2.6 -1.0 3.0
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 3.7 6.3 13.6 3.0 3.7 2.9 -2.1 0.0 2.9 -2.3 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.1 -1.9
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.5 0.7 4.5 -0.9 -2.1 -0.9 0.3 0.0 -1.0 0.5 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 0.1
Medication: Blood pressure 0.2 0.4 1.2 -0.2 0.8 0.4 -0.7 0.0 -0.5 -1.1 -0.3 0.2 -0.7 -0.6 1.0 0.3
Angina (self-reported) 3.2 4.2 8.0 -2.4 -1.9 -1.8 0.6 0.0 -2.4 1.6 -2.5 -2.2 -2.4 -2.2 -2.8 1.9
Migraine (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.6 -0.7 0.4 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.4 -1.0 0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.0
Medication: Ibuprofen 2.9 3.5 7.0 -1.0 -1.7 -1.1 2.1 0.0 -2.2 1.9 -2.6 -1.6 -2.5 -2.6 -1.0 2.0
Medication: Allopurinol 0.4 0.6 1.9 0.5 -0.3 0.2 1.4 0.0 -0.4 1.1 -1.0 -0.8 -0.7 -0.8 -0.5 0.8
Medication: Omeprazole 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.5 -1.2 -0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 -1.1 -0.9
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.6 0.7 2.7 -1.3 -1.6 -1.5 0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.6 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.0 -0.7
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.6 1.1 5.2 0.9 1.0 1.4 -1.4 0.0 1.0 -0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.2 2.3 -0.7
Heart disease (mother) 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.5 -0.6 0.8 0.0 -0.3 0.5 -0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 0.1
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.4 1.6 3.5 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 1.7 0.0 -1.1 1.9 -1.4 -1.6 -1.3 -1.3 -0.5 0.8
Whole body fat mass 1.2 4.9 9.7 1.7 0.8 2.0 -2.7 0.0 1.8 -3.1 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.8 1.8 -2.6
Leg fat mass (right) 1.3 4.9 8.5 1.6 0.7 1.6 -2.5 0.0 2.1 -2.9 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.9 1.6 -2.7
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.7 3.5 8.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 -2.8 0.0 0.9 -2.7 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.7 0.4 -2.7
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 -0.2 0.4 -0.8 0.0 0.5 -0.0 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.7 -0.5
Alcohol intake frequency. 1.3 2.9 5.8 -2.3 -2.3 -2.4 1.5 0.0 -1.3 1.5 -1.9 -1.2 -1.9 -2.0 -0.2 1.6
Comparative height size at age 10 1.4 7.9 23.5 -4.8 -2.4 -3.3 0.7 0.0 -4.0 1.8 -3.0 -2.2 -3.1 -2.9 -2.8 1.8
Number of full sisters 0.4 0.5 1.3 -0.1 0.9 0.2 -0.9 0.0 0.9 -0.7 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 -0.6
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 6.6 10.3 19.4 -1.5 -3.7 -2.0 4.4 0.0 -3.3 3.4 -3.5 -3.8 -3.5 -2.9 -3.5 3.7
Overall health rating 2.5 5.3 11.4 -1.6 -3.4 -2.2 2.8 0.0 -1.3 2.5 -2.7 -3.0 -2.2 -2.2 -1.2 2.5
Chest pain or discomfort 1.4 2.0 5.2 -0.8 -2.3 -0.6 1.2 0.0 -1.6 1.1 -1.9 -1.6 -1.8 -1.7 -0.8 1.6
Had major operations 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 -0.8 0.0 0.9 -0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 -0.6
Age at last live birth 1.8 2.6 6.7 1.6 2.6 2.1 -2.0 0.0 1.5 -1.7 1.0 1.9 1.0 0.7 2.0 -1.0
Family relationship satisfaction 1.1 1.3 7.1 1.2 2.7 1.6 -0.4 0.0 1.1 -0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.4 2.1 0.1
Leg pain on walking 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.7 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7 0.0 1.4
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.2 0.3 1.2 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 0.3 0.0 -0.7 0.4 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.6 0.7 2.6 0.3 -1.6 -0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.8 0.3 -0.8 -1.4 -0.9 -0.4 -1.3 -0.6
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.2 0.8 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.7 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.0 -0.2 0.0
Medication: Aspirin 1.5 2.0 6.5 -2.6 -2.4 -2.1 -0.4 0.0 -1.9 0.5 -0.8 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -1.7 0.4
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.9 1.1 2.4 -0.9 -1.6 -0.7 0.4 0.0 -0.8 1.4 -1.0 -0.5 -0.9 -0.9 -1.5 1.5
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.3 0.5 2.6 -0.4 -1.6 -1.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 -0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 -0.3 -0.8
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.4 1.1 6.0 0.4 -0.4 0.6 -1.6 0.0 0.2 -2.4 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.4 -0.1 -0.8
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.9 1.1 2.6 0.0 -1.3 -0.4 1.6 0.0 -0.9 0.9 -1.4 -0.9 -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 1.2
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.8
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.3 1.6 11.9 0.5 1.6 0.6 -0.2 0.0 1.0 -0.8 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.3 3.4 -0.7
Smoking status: Previous 0.9 1.4 3.5 -1.9 -1.9 -1.7 -0.3 0.0 -1.2 0.2 -1.0 -1.4 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.3 0.6 1.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 -0.4 0.0 1.1 -0.9 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.3 -0.4
Whole body fat-free mass 0.9 5.1 11.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 -3.4 0.0 1.4 -3.3 2.7 2.5 2.3 3.1 0.6 -3.0
Leg fat-free mass (right) 1.4 7.6 16.2 1.6 2.2 2.2 -3.7 0.0 2.2 -4.0 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.4 1.8 -3.1
Arm fat percentage (left) 2.4 9.5 14.6 2.8 1.6 2.9 -2.9 0.0 3.3 -3.8 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.2 -3.3
Average weekly red wine intake 0.1 0.1 0.8 -0.1 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.4 -0.1
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.9 1.1 4.3 -0.1 0.5 -0.6 0.3 0.0 2.1 0.3 1.2 0.7 1.6 1.1 1.1 -1.7
Mood swings 0.7 1.3 6.2 0.7 -1.5 0.5 2.5 0.0 -1.2 1.1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -1.0 1.4
Loneliness, isolation 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 0.9 0.3 -0.0 -0.3 0.1
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.3 0.5 1.3 -0.8 -1.0 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 -0.8 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 0.7 0.5
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.5 0.5 2.5 -0.6 -1.6 -0.6 -0.9 0.0 -0.8 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.8 -0.3
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 6.8 11.2 16.8 2.8 3.3 2.8 -3.5 0.0 4.0 -3.8 4.0 3.2 3.8 3.6 4.1 -2.5
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.4 0.5 2.2 -1.5 -0.3 -1.0 -1.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.7 -0.5
Friendships satisfaction 0.9 1.1 5.6 0.6 2.4 0.9 0.4 0.0 1.5 -0.0 -0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.6 1.8 1.3
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 2.1 3.2 6.2 2.3 1.9 2.5 -1.3 0.0 2.2 -1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.1 -0.6
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.3 0.4 1.6 -0.2 0.9 -0.0 -0.5 0.0 1.2 -0.2 0.3 0.9 0.3 -0.3 1.1 -0.1
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.7 2.0 4.0 -0.6 -1.7 -1.2 1.2 0.0 -1.5 1.2 -1.8 -2.0 -2.0 -1.8 -0.7 1.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 4.9 7.8 17.5 -1.9 -4.2 -2.8 1.2 0.0 -3.0 1.9 -3.2 -3.4 -3.3 -2.6 -3.6 2.5
Medication for cholesterol 0.6 1.0 4.1 -1.1 2.0 -0.9 0.3 0.0 0.5 1.5 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 -1.1 1.4 0.8
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 3.6 4.2 8.3 -2.7 -1.9 -2.9 2.2 0.0 -1.2 2.1 -2.3 -1.8 -2.0 -2.5 -1.0 2.4
Back pain experienced in last month 2.3 3.3 8.4 -0.5 -1.5 -0.8 2.9 0.0 -2.5 2.3 -2.1 -1.6 -2.1 -1.8 -2.3 0.7
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.4 0.6 1.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 0.5 0.0 -0.9 0.0 -1.0 -0.8 -1.1 -1.0 -0.8 0.8
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.2 -0.3 -0.5
Asthma (self-reported) 0.6 1.3 3.1 -1.8 -0.7 -1.6 1.4 0.0 -0.7 1.5 -1.0 -1.1 -0.9 -1.4 0.0 0.9
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 1.5 -0.4 -1.2 -0.4 0.1 0.0 -1.1 0.7 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -0.5 0.7
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 2.0 2.5 7.3 0.7 1.3 0.6 -0.6 0.0 2.7 -1.1 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.4 2.7 -1.4
Medication: Aspirin 1.3 1.7 5.7 -2.2 -2.4 -1.7 -0.1 0.0 -1.8 0.6 -1.0 -1.1 -0.9 -0.6 -1.3 0.5
Medication: Gliclazide 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -0.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.6 -1.1
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.6 0.8 2.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.0 -0.3 0.0 -1.2 0.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -0.8 -0.5 1.0
Smoking status: Current 0.3 0.4 2.7 -0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.4 1.7 0.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.4 0.8 6.1 0.9 2.5 0.7 -0.1 0.0 1.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.0 -0.4 0.8 0.6
Whole body water mass 0.9 5.2 11.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 -3.3 0.0 1.4 -3.4 2.7 2.6 2.3 3.1 0.6 -3.0
Leg predicted mass (right) 1.4 7.5 15.9 1.5 2.1 2.2 -3.7 0.0 2.2 -4.0 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.4 1.8 -3.1
Arm fat mass (left) 2.2 9.0 16.9 2.4 1.3 2.6 -3.4 0.0 2.8 -4.1 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.7 2.6 -3.2
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 1.2 2.1 4.5 -0.9 -1.7 -0.9 1.1 0.0 -1.1 1.0 -2.0 -2.1 -1.9 -2.0 -0.5 1.5
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.5 0.8 -0.1 -1.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.7 0.2 1.1 0.8 -0.5 -0.5
Miserableness 0.3 0.5 2.2 1.5 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.3 -0.3
Guilty feelings 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.3 -0.9 -0.0 1.1 0.0 -0.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.6 0.5 0.3
Wears glasses or contact lenses 1.2 1.4 3.2 -0.9 -1.2 -0.5 1.0 0.0 -1.3 1.6 -1.4 -0.7 -1.6 -1.8 -0.9 1.0
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 3.7 4.1 8.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 -1.3 0.0 2.9 -1.3 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.6 -2.4
Hearing aid user 0.8 0.9 2.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 1.4 0.0 0.2 1.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.6 -0.8 1.0 0.6
Mother’s age at death 1.4 1.8 8.1 -0.3 0.9 0.0 -2.8 0.0 1.2 -1.3 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.4 -2.3
Financial situation satisfaction 3.4 4.2 7.2 -0.4 -2.5 -1.0 2.2 0.0 -1.5 1.9 -2.7 -2.6 -2.7 -2.7 -1.8 2.3
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 2.4 2.8 5.5 -1.3 -2.3 -1.4 1.7 0.0 -2.2 1.1 -1.9 -1.5 -1.9 -1.8 -1.6 1.6
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.8 0.9 4.9 -2.2 -0.2 -1.7 0.7 0.0 -0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.4 0.6 1.3
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.5 0.6 4.1 -0.8 -2.0 -0.8 -0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 -0.3 -1.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.8 0.6
Medication: Blood pressure 0.3 0.5 2.1 0.1 -1.3 -0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.3 -1.4 0.2 -0.5 0.2 0.8 -0.7 -0.9
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 2.8 3.5 7.2 -1.4 -2.2 -2.0 2.7 0.0 -2.1 2.5 -2.0 -1.6 -2.0 -1.8 -1.6 0.9
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.4 0.5 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.1 -0.3 0.0 0.8 -0.1 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.2
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.6 1.1 4.8 -0.3 -2.2 -0.5 1.0 0.0 -1.2 1.1 -1.1 -1.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.8 0.4
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 1.1 1.6 4.0 1.5 2.0 1.9 -1.9 0.0 0.3 -1.8 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.1 -1.4
Medication: Paracetamol 3.0 4.7 7.1 -1.8 -2.7 -1.5 2.2 0.0 -2.5 2.3 -2.5 -2.1 -2.5 -2.4 -1.7 2.5
Medication: Lisinopril 0.8 1.0 3.9 -0.3 2.0 0.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 -1.7
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.6 0.7 2.4 -0.3 -1.3 -0.8 1.6 0.0 -1.0 1.1 -0.5 -1.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.9 0.4
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 1.2 1.5 2.7 0.7 1.3 0.7 -1.2 0.0 1.6 -1.7 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 -1.4
Alcohol drinker status: Never 1.3 1.5 3.9 0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.8 0.0 2.0 -1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.9 -1.3
Ever smoked 0.6 1.1 5.6 -2.4 -1.2 -1.8 -1.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.4 -0.9 -0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.0
Basal metabolic rate 1.0 5.5 12.5 1.1 1.0 1.7 -3.4 0.0 1.5 -3.5 2.8 2.6 2.4 3.2 0.8 -3.0
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.8 2.8 5.2 1.6 0.3 1.4 -1.3 0.0 1.7 -1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.6 -2.3
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.6 3.2 7.6 0.5 0.2 0.8 -2.6 0.0 0.6 -2.7 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.8 -0.1 -2.5
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.9 1.4 5.8 0.9 -1.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 -1.3 0.0 -1.5 -1.8 -1.4 -0.6 -2.4 0.4
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.3 0.5 1.3 -0.6 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 1.0 -0.4 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.7 -0.0 -0.7
Irritability 1.8 3.1 5.8 -0.7 -1.7 -0.6 1.6 0.0 -2.0 1.8 -2.4 -2.4 -2.3 -2.3 -1.3 1.7
Risk taking 0.7 1.0 2.2 -0.4 1.4 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 1.5 -0.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.4 -1.5
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.6 -0.2 0.4 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 1.5 2.0 3.7 -1.1 -1.7 -1.2 1.0 0.0 -1.4 1.8 -1.5 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.9 0.5
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.9 1.1 4.5 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 0.0 -2.1 0.4 -1.1 -1.1 -1.4 -0.7 -1.9 1.0
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 3.9 12.0 18.1 3.7 2.9 3.9 -4.0 0.0 3.2 -4.3 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.2 -3.7
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.6 0.8 1.9 0.6 -0.0 0.7 1.3 0.0 -0.2 1.4 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7 1.0
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.2 -0.3 -0.0 1.0 0.0 0.4 0.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.8 0.8 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.4 0.5 2.7 -0.1 1.0 0.6 -1.3 0.0 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.0 -0.1 -0.6 1.7 0.3
Myopia 1.9 2.8 5.2 -1.3 -1.8 -1.4 0.6 0.0 -1.9 1.4 -2.1 -2.3 -1.8 -1.7 -2.3 1.4
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.6 4.1 0.0 0.6 -0.2 1.5 0.0 0.3 2.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.0 -0.8 0.6 0.5
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.5 0.7 6.0 -0.3 -2.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.9 -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.9 -1.1
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.7 -0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.2 -0.1 -1.3
Pain experienced in last month 0.7 1.2 4.3 1.9 1.3 2.1 -1.0 0.0 0.7 -0.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.1 -0.5
Supplements: Calcium 0.6 0.7 3.3 -1.3 -1.8 -1.5 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.6 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.1 0.1
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.5 0.5 1.8 0.2 1.4 0.3 -1.2 0.0 1.3 -0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.2 -0.4
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 2.4 -1.5 -1.1 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.8 -1.1 -0.6 -0.9 -1.0 -0.3 1.5
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.2 -1.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4
Heart disease (siblings) 0.6 0.7 3.9 0.4 -0.2 0.5 1.1 0.0 -1.0 1.3 -0.9 -0.2 -0.7 -0.7 0.1 2.0
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.6 0.7 3.2 -1.8 -0.1 -1.1 -1.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0 0.7 0.6
Pack years of smoking 0.5 0.8 2.0 -1.4 -1.0 -1.1 0.7 0.0 -0.8 1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1 -0.5 0.7
Impedance of whole body 4.1 20.7 33.3 -3.7 -3.2 -3.5 5.0 0.0 -4.5 5.8 -5.5 -5.2 -5.1 -5.6 -3.7 5.1
Leg fat mass (left) 1.4 5.4 9.4 1.9 1.0 2.0 -2.5 0.0 2.1 -3.1 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.9 1.9 -2.8
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.7 3.4 7.8 0.4 0.0 0.7 -2.7 0.0 0.8 -2.8 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.8 0.1 -2.5