Hub : Genes

POLK

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Brain Cerebellar Hemisphere 0.2660 0.0970 4.1e-04 0.197 NA 0.137 NA 0.156 8.7e-06 NA 2.2e-04 NA 8.3e-05
2 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.0610 0.0300 4.6e-03 0.037 NA 0.024 NA 0.036 8.3e-04 NA 5.9e-03 NA 1.0e-03
3 GTEx Spleen 0.1820 0.0730 5.5e-04 -0.011 NA 0.024 NA 0.032 9.0e-01 NA 7.8e-02 NA 5.1e-02
4 GTEx Testis 0.1160 0.0490 5.9e-03 0.017 NA 0.007 NA 0.011 5.7e-02 NA 1.6e-01 NA 1.0e-01
5 METSIM Adipose 0.0481 0.0180 2.2e-06 0.008 0.028 0.028 0.025 0.025 1.7e-02 4.4e-05 4.3e-05 0.0001 1.1e-04
6 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0305 0.0151 1.5e-03 0.015 0.007 0.013 0.007 0.015 4.4e-03 4.3e-02 7.6e-03 0.0330 3.9e-03
7 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.0311 0.0175 3.2e-04 0.015 0.012 0.009 NA 0.006 1.0e-02 1.6e-02 3.5e-02 NA 7.3e-02

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.9 -0.3 1.1 0.5 -0.4 1.0
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.8 2.0 5.0 2.1 0.7 0.9 2.2 1.5 1.1 0.0
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.6 1.8 -0.2 -1.3 0.6 -1.4 0.2 -0.6 -0.4
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 -0.0 -0.8 0.0
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.9 2.6 5.8 1.5 -1.3 2.4 0.2 1.5 2.1 -1.3
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 1.4 3.2 7.2 1.7 -2.3 1.2 -0.0 2.7 2.1 -1.0
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.2 2.5 5.6 2.4 0.2 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.7 -0.8
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 1.3 1.7 4.3 2.1 -0.7 0.6 1.2 0.7 1.8 -1.2
Worry (Nagel 2018) 2.5 5.3 15.0 2.0 -2.4 1.5 1.2 3.9 2.9 -0.9
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.4 0.4 1.9 0.9 0.3 -0.1 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.7 0.8 2.1 0.9 -0.9 0.8 -0.1 0.4 1.1 -1.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 1.7 2.5 4.9 2.2 -0.8 1.5 1.1 1.2 2.0 -1.8
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.2 0.5 1.4 -1.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.7 -0.3 -0.7 0.8
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.9 2.1 3.4 -1.5 1.2 -1.8 1.1 -0.3 -1.7 1.9
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 2.0 3.7 6.1 -1.3 2.5 -2.3 2.2 -0.4 -2.0 2.1
Major Depression (MDD) 1.5 1.8 3.9 -0.3 1.6 -2.0 0.6 -0.9 -1.5 1.6
Reaction Time 0.3 0.6 2.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.2 -1.1 -1.5 -0.4 0.5
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.6 1.5 2.3 1.3 -1.0 1.5 -0.1 1.4 1.4 -1.1
Breast Cancer 1.4 3.4 5.9 -1.6 1.6 -1.4 -0.1 -2.4 -2.2 2.4
Ovarian Cancer 0.9 1.2 4.2 -0.9 0.1 -0.8 -0.8 -2.1 -1.1 0.6
Prostate Cancer 0.5 0.7 1.5 -0.6 1.2 -1.1 0.7 -1.1 -0.7 0.2
Age at First Birth 0.7 1.0 3.9 1.0 0.6 0.2 2.0 1.4 0.0 -0.0
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 -0.0 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.2 -0.5
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 10.6 14.6 25.3 -4.2 3.2 -3.9 -1.4 -4.2 -5.0 3.7
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.8 0.9 2.8 0.8 -0.3 1.6 -0.3 0.4 -0.2 -1.7
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.7 1.1 3.1 -0.8 -1.8 0.2 -1.5 -0.6 -1.0 -0.1
Mean Putamen Volume 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.7
Fasting Glucose 4.7 5.6 10.6 -1.3 1.9 -3.0 -0.4 -3.2 -2.4 2.8
HbA1C 0.6 0.6 1.1 -0.6 1.0 -0.8 1.1 1.0 -0.1 -0.1
HDL Cholesterol 1.6 2.7 7.2 1.6 -1.9 1.4 0.6 1.2 2.7 -1.6
LDL Cholesterol 49.4 78.2 112.4 9.6 -6.7 10.2 1.5 10.6 9.4 -10.1
Lupus 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.9 -1.1
Neuroticism (2016) 2.2 3.2 5.3 2.3 -1.6 1.1 0.7 2.3 2.0 -1.9
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.2 1.0 -0.3 0.0 0.1
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.7 0.9 2.0 -0.1 1.4 -0.9 0.2 -1.0 -1.4 0.9
Schizophrenia (2014) 1.4 3.1 6.4 2.5 -0.0 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.8 -1.1
Triglycerides 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 -0.0 0.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3 -0.6
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.6 1.8 4.2 -1.3 2.0 -1.8 1.3 0.0 -0.8 1.4
Ulcerative Colitis 2.3 3.3 6.1 -0.7 2.1 -2.5 2.4 1.1 -1.7 1.6
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.2 1.2 4.9 -0.2 0.2 -0.6 -1.2 -2.2 -1.1 -0.4
Blood Platelet Count 4.2 49.1 79.9 7.9 -6.6 7.8 1.3 6.9 8.9 -7.1
Blood Red Count 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.8 -0.1 0.8 -0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.9
Blood White Count 0.6 4.3 14.6 -1.3 -0.9 0.1 -3.8 -3.4 -1.2 0.0
Heel T-Score 1.0 7.9 14.2 -3.1 2.5 -2.8 -0.3 -2.7 -3.8 3.2
BMI 19.8 115.0 169.0 -11.1 10.3 -12.2 -1.8 -12.0 -13.0 10.5
Height 0.3 5.9 15.3 -3.2 3.9 -1.8 0.2 -1.2 -2.2 2.6
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.0 0.2 0.5 -0.6 0.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.3 -0.0 -0.0
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.4 2.0 5.7 0.1 -2.4 0.7 -2.4 0.2 0.2 -1.3
Smoking Status 1.8 4.3 9.2 -3.0 2.0 -2.0 -0.9 -1.9 -2.1 2.1
Allergy or Eczema 0.5 1.2 3.1 -0.2 -1.5 0.0 -1.8 -1.7 -0.2 -0.4
Cardiovascular Disease 3.9 12.9 18.6 3.6 -4.1 4.2 -1.3 3.1 3.5 -4.3
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.8 4.2 8.8 -1.9 2.0 -2.4 -0.3 -2.3 -3.0 1.2
Respiratory disease 0.3 0.6 1.8 -0.2 1.3 -1.2 0.6 -0.7 0.4 0.3
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 5.2 9.7 17.5 -3.4 2.5 -3.2 -1.1 -3.7 -4.2 2.8
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.6 3.3 6.0 -1.8 -0.4 -1.4 -2.2 -2.4 -2.3 1.1
Lung FVC 1.2 6.0 10.3 2.1 -3.2 2.9 -1.6 1.5 2.6 -2.8
Neuroticism 2.4 5.7 11.9 2.1 -2.9 2.2 -0.2 3.5 2.7 -1.8
Chronotype (morning person) 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.3 -0.9 0.2 -0.4 0.6 0.6 -1.0
Hair Pigment 0.3 7.7 11.4 3.0 -3.2 3.1 -0.3 2.3 2.9 -3.4
Tanning 0.0 0.3 0.6 -0.4 0.6 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.8 0.3
Hand grip strength (left) 0.4 1.0 1.6 -1.1 1.3 -0.5 -0.3 -1.2 -1.2 1.0
Number of treatments/medications taken 1.7 3.1 8.0 2.3 -0.9 1.8 -0.7 0.5 1.9 -2.8
Average weekly spirits intake 1.6 2.0 4.7 -0.5 1.6 -1.7 2.2 0.8 -1.2 1.2
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 1.1 1.9 3.5 1.7 -1.8 0.9 -0.3 1.1 1.9 -1.1
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.2 -0.8 0.4 -1.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 -1.0
Relative age of first facial hair 3.1 6.5 13.2 2.8 -0.8 2.4 1.8 3.6 3.1 -2.3
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.5 -0.1 0.9 0.1 0.7 -0.1 -0.5
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.9 1.1 2.4 1.4 -1.5 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 -0.8
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.7 0.8 1.8 -0.7 -0.9 0.7 -1.3 -0.5 -1.3 0.1
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.1 0.3 1.0 -0.6 0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -1.0 -0.3
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1
Angina 1.1 1.5 3.2 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.8 0.8 -1.4
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.6 -0.1 -1.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 -0.1
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.5 1.0 -0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.8
Supplements: Zinc 0.7 0.8 2.3 1.2 -0.8 0.5 -0.2 -0.9 0.3 -1.5
Medication: Co-codamol 0.3 0.3 0.7 -0.6 0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -0.9 -0.4 0.4
Medication: Metformin 2.4 3.4 5.2 -2.2 1.8 -2.3 -0.6 -2.2 -2.0 1.2
Diabetes (father) 5.7 7.1 14.6 -2.3 2.8 -3.8 0.2 -2.3 -2.9 2.9
Diabetes (mother) 4.3 5.5 9.2 -3.0 1.2 -2.3 -2.3 -2.9 -2.7 1.2
Severe depression (siblings) 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.9 -0.1
Pack years adult smoking proportion 3.0 4.6 7.6 -2.3 2.4 -2.0 0.9 -1.4 -2.8 2.7
Impedance of leg (right) 6.8 33.0 48.2 5.9 -5.8 6.5 1.2 6.9 6.7 -5.0
Leg fat-free mass (left) 14.7 77.6 110.2 -9.7 9.4 -9.8 -1.1 -8.9 -10.5 8.6
Trunk fat percentage 10.8 43.3 64.6 -7.2 6.2 -7.1 -1.7 -8.0 -7.7 6.0
Hand grip strength (right) 0.5 1.5 2.8 -1.6 0.5 -0.6 -1.5 -1.7 -1.1 0.9
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.6 0.8 2.7 -0.9 -1.1 0.7 -1.6 -0.3 -0.2 0.3
Current tobacco smoking 3.0 4.9 7.8 -2.6 2.8 -2.3 0.1 -1.5 -2.4 2.5
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.4 0.2
Maternal smoking around birth 1.5 2.1 5.1 -2.0 -0.1 -0.6 -1.3 -1.5 -2.2 1.3
Fed-up feelings 0.5 1.0 2.6 -0.3 -0.9 -0.0 -1.6 -1.1 -1.4 -0.1
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 1.2 1.6 3.3 -1.3 0.2 -0.5 -1.8 -1.5 -1.8 0.2
Relative age voice broke 2.3 3.6 6.3 1.9 -2.0 1.8 -0.4 2.5 2.0 -2.0
Taking other prescription medications 0.7 1.1 4.2 -0.2 -0.7 0.7 -2.0 -1.0 0.4 -1.1
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.5 3.5 7.2 1.8 -1.1 2.6 1.3 2.7 1.8 -1.4
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.0 1.2 2.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -1.6 -1.4 -1.5 0.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 2.0 4.6 9.0 -1.7 3.0 -3.0 0.8 -2.0 -1.6 2.0
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 1.0 1.0 2.3 -0.6 1.5 -1.5 -0.3 -1.2 -0.2 0.9
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 1.2 1.6 3.6 -0.6 1.5 -1.9 1.2 -0.5 -1.2 1.3
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.0 1.1 -0.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 -0.1
High blood pressure 0.4 1.2 3.2 0.4 -1.7 0.9 -1.8 -0.2 0.5 -1.2
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 1.8 4.0 10.0 -1.8 -1.0 -1.1 -3.2 -3.1 -1.6 0.4
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.8 1.0 2.1 -0.4 1.5 -1.0 0.6 -0.9 -1.4 0.8
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.2 0.2 1.2 -0.0 0.3 1.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.2
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.5 0.7 1.7 -0.1 0.8 -1.0 1.1 -1.3 -0.4 0.3
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.5 1.7 3.7 1.9 -1.9 1.5 -0.4 0.3 0.2 -1.5
Medication: Atenolol 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.4 -0.9 0.1 -0.3 -0.6 0.2
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.2 2.0 5.3 -1.4 1.2 -1.5 -1.1 -1.1 -2.3 0.7
Sitting height 2.0 14.0 24.0 -4.9 4.2 -3.5 -1.2 -2.8 -4.9 3.4
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 3.3 3.8 6.6 -2.6 1.7 -1.7 -0.4 -2.2 -1.8 2.4
High blood pressure (mother) 0.7 0.9 3.8 0.8 -0.3 0.6 0.9 2.0 0.7 -0.6
Body mass index (BMI) 17.8 75.7 110.2 -9.2 8.2 -9.8 -2.0 -10.5 -10.3 7.9
Impedance of leg (left) 6.9 33.6 48.7 6.0 -6.2 6.6 0.8 6.5 7.0 -5.2
Leg predicted mass (left) 14.6 77.5 110.2 -9.7 9.4 -9.8 -1.1 -8.9 -10.5 8.5
Trunk fat mass 14.5 62.3 83.5 -8.6 7.9 -8.8 -1.6 -9.1 -9.1 7.3
Waist circumference 17.6 64.5 91.8 -8.6 8.4 -9.0 -1.5 -9.1 -9.6 7.0
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.7 0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.1
Past tobacco smoking 0.4 0.8 3.2 1.1 0.4 -0.0 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.1
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.6 1.0 2.1 0.8 -1.2 0.9 -0.5 0.9 1.4 -0.8
Nervous feelings 1.5 2.8 5.8 1.9 -1.5 0.8 1.3 2.4 2.0 -1.0
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.2 0.6 -0.6 0.5 0.6 -0.7 0.4
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 -1.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.2
Had menopause 2.1 2.6 4.7 1.8 -0.6 1.4 1.7 2.2 2.1 -1.0
Had other major operations 0.7 0.8 2.7 -0.8 0.3 -0.4 -1.7 -1.4 -0.1 0.2
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.1 0.4 1.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.8 -1.1 0.7 0.3 -0.5
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.8 4.2 9.9 -1.5 3.2 -2.7 0.9 -1.6 -1.8 1.9
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 1.4 1.8 3.0 -1.1 1.4 -1.6 -0.3 -1.7 -1.4 1.1
Qualifications: None of the above 0.8 1.8 4.0 -1.3 0.5 0.2 -1.8 -2.0 -1.8 0.3
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.0 0.2 1.3 -0.6 -0.7 0.8 -0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.5 0.7 1.9 -0.8 -1.1 0.1 -1.4 -0.5 -1.0 0.3
Heart attack 1.5 1.9 4.3 1.4 -1.7 1.3 -1.0 0.7 1.2 -2.1
Allergy 0.7 1.7 5.5 0.7 0.0 1.1 2.0 2.4 0.5 0.3
Pain all over the body in last month 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.1
Diabetes (self-reported) 6.9 10.7 18.2 -3.3 2.5 -3.6 -1.6 -4.3 -4.2 2.6
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.6 0.8 2.9 -0.0 -1.3 -0.1 -1.7 0.1 0.8 -0.6
Medication: Ramipril 1.5 1.9 7.2 -0.0 -1.8 0.0 -2.7 -1.6 -0.3 -0.7
Medication: Simvastatin 8.4 12.3 21.8 4.2 -1.9 3.9 0.7 3.9 3.5 -4.7
Fluid intelligence score 1.1 2.2 4.3 1.5 -1.0 1.9 -0.1 2.1 1.3 -1.7
Illnesses of siblings 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -0.2 1.0 -0.3
Neuroticism score 1.8 3.7 5.8 1.8 -2.4 1.9 -0.5 2.4 2.3 -1.3
Weight 17.8 87.5 121.0 -10.3 9.6 -10.5 -1.7 -10.1 -11.0 8.8
Impedance of arm (right) 6.7 31.1 48.7 5.4 -5.3 6.5 1.1 7.0 6.7 -4.9
Arm fat percentage (right) 12.8 50.4 70.7 -7.7 6.6 -8.0 -1.4 -8.4 -8.4 6.5
Trunk fat-free mass 9.3 53.2 73.0 -8.0 8.2 -8.5 -0.2 -6.6 -8.5 7.1
Hip circumference 16.9 72.9 102.0 -9.3 8.3 -9.5 -1.9 -9.8 -10.1 7.9
Time employed in main current job 2.2 2.6 5.4 2.3 -0.8 1.7 1.1 1.4 2.0 -1.5
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 2.4 3.6 7.2 -2.6 0.1 -1.6 -2.7 -1.6 -2.2 1.1
Father’s age at death 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.8 -0.0 -1.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.6
Worrier / anxious feelings 2.1 4.1 9.2 1.8 -2.0 1.6 0.0 3.0 2.7 -1.4
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 -0.4 0.3 -0.8 0.8 0.4 -0.9
Falls in the last year 0.6 0.8 2.5 -0.6 0.5 -1.6 1.1 -0.3 -0.2 1.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 0.6 0.7 -0.6 0.5
Number of live births 2.2 3.1 6.9 1.9 -1.5 0.7 1.2 2.1 2.6 -1.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.2 0.6 3.1 -0.4 -0.6 0.6 -1.8 0.5 -0.1 -0.4
Pulse rate 3.6 6.0 12.8 2.5 -2.8 2.5 -0.4 2.1 3.6 -2.1
Happiness 0.9 1.1 2.1 1.0 -1.5 1.3 -0.2 1.3 0.3 -1.1
Noisy workplace 1.3 1.6 3.9 -0.9 1.9 -1.3 0.3 -2.0 -0.6 0.8
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.3 0.7 -0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.7 0.4 0.0 1.3 0.1 1.2 0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.8 1.3 3.4 -0.5 1.9 -1.5 1.2 -0.4 -0.5 1.2
Asthma 0.2 0.4 1.3 0.3 1.2 -0.9 0.6 -0.5 0.4 -0.3
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.1 1.4 2.4 -1.5 0.5 -1.3 -0.6 -0.9 -1.5 1.6
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 12.6 19.6 34.3 5.4 -3.5 5.1 0.2 3.7 4.7 -5.9
Depression (self-reported) 2.1 2.5 4.9 -1.1 2.0 -2.2 0.9 -1.4 -0.4 2.1
Medication: Lansoprazole 3.6 4.1 6.7 -1.9 2.4 -2.3 0.6 -1.4 -2.1 2.6
Prospective memory result 0.5 0.7 2.4 1.6 -0.0 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.5 -0.3
Lung cancer (father) 0.8 1.0 1.8 -0.7 1.3 -1.2 0.6 -1.1 -0.9 0.9
Illnesses of mother 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.6 0.5 0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.3 0.9 2.5 -1.6 0.6 -0.5 -1.3 0.1 -0.7 1.1
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 1.1 1.3 3.1 -0.1 1.8 -1.6 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.4
Impedance of arm (left) 7.1 32.7 50.6 5.8 -5.0 6.8 1.3 6.8 7.1 -5.0
Arm fat mass (right) 18.4 75.9 106.1 -9.5 8.5 -9.8 -1.7 -9.8 -10.3 8.2
Trunk predicted mass 9.4 53.7 74.0 -8.1 8.3 -8.5 -0.2 -6.7 -8.6 7.2
Standing height 0.7 7.4 17.9 -3.4 4.2 -2.5 0.7 -0.3 -2.6 2.9
Length of working week for main job 1.1 1.2 4.1 -0.1 -1.4 0.9 -2.0 -1.2 -0.0 -0.3
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 3.7 4.1 6.9 -1.5 2.6 -2.4 2.0 -0.7 -1.7 2.6
Breastfed as a baby 0.6 0.8 1.9 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 -1.3 -1.4 -0.9 0.3
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 3.9 6.4 10.8 2.6 -2.8 2.5 0.7 2.9 3.3 -2.1
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.6 1.0 1.9 -1.0 0.3 -1.3 -1.0 -1.4 -0.4 1.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.8 1.8 4.8 2.2 -0.3 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.6 -1.3
Birth weight of first child 0.8 1.5 4.5 1.4 -2.1 0.9 -0.9 0.2 1.1 -1.2
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.4 0.9 3.3 -1.0 -0.3 -0.1 -1.8 -0.3 -1.2 -0.3
Pulse wave reflection index 4.1 5.0 9.1 -2.4 3.0 -2.8 1.1 -1.6 -2.0 2.2
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.5 1.8 3.2 -1.1 1.6 -1.8 0.6 -1.6 -1.4 1.1
Loud music exposure frequency 1.1 1.2 2.4 -0.5 1.6 -1.5 0.9 -0.7 0.3 1.4
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.6 1.7 0.1 -1.3 1.0 -0.4 0.5 0.8 -0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.4 -0.7 0.8 0.4 1.1 1.0 -1.1
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.6 -0.2 0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.9
Medication: Paracetamol 0.5 0.8 1.8 1.0 -1.1 0.4 -0.6 0.9 1.3 -0.7
Headache pain in last month 5.3 9.1 14.2 2.6 -3.8 3.3 -1.1 3.2 3.3 -3.0
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 5.0 8.3 15.9 -3.4 2.7 -3.0 0.6 -1.8 -3.3 4.0
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.7 -0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.3
Gout (self-reported) 1.3 1.8 4.1 -0.5 1.4 -1.0 0.9 -2.0 -1.3 1.7
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 2.4 4.8 9.2 -2.3 1.9 -2.4 -1.0 -2.6 -3.0 1.4
Medication: Amlodipine 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.8 0.2 -0.3
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 3.2 4.2 6.9 -2.2 2.5 -2.6 0.3 -1.8 -2.0 1.9
Birth weight 1.6 3.5 6.3 -2.2 1.1 -2.5 -1.2 -2.4 -1.3 1.9
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.9 1.1 4.4 -0.3 -1.2 0.7 -2.1 -0.4 0.3 -0.9
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.7 0.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.3
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.2 0.7 1.7 -1.2 1.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.6 -0.2 1.0
Body fat percentage 12.3 48.4 72.6 -7.5 6.4 -7.7 -1.8 -8.5 -8.1 6.3
Leg fat percentage (right) 11.7 42.5 62.4 -6.9 6.0 -7.4 -1.5 -7.8 -7.9 5.8
Arm fat-free mass (right) 13.0 66.5 92.7 -8.8 8.9 -9.1 -0.9 -8.5 -9.6 7.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.3 0.4 1.1 -0.6 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1
Comparative body size at age 10 6.1 16.8 31.3 -4.6 2.8 -3.9 -1.8 -5.6 -5.2 3.3
Number of full brothers 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.0 -0.1
Worry too long after embarrassment 4.0 6.7 14.4 2.6 -2.6 1.7 0.8 3.8 3.5 -1.9
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.1 1.5 4.5 -0.7 1.3 -2.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 1.7
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 1.8 3.1 5.2 -2.3 1.8 -1.9 -1.1 -2.1 -1.9 0.8
Number of children fathered 0.5 0.6 1.3 -0.5 0.5 -0.7 -0.7 -1.2 -1.1 -0.0
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.0 1.2 3.5 1.9 -0.5 1.2 0.6 0.2 1.2 -1.2
Age at first live birth 0.8 1.4 3.6 1.5 -0.7 0.8 1.1 1.9 1.0 -0.7
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.8 0.9 1.9 -0.2 -1.4 1.3 -1.2 -0.8 -1.0 -0.0
Health satisfaction 0.6 0.8 1.9 -0.4 0.2 0.5 -1.4 -1.3 -1.3 0.1
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 3.0 3.6 6.3 -1.8 0.9 -2.2 -1.8 -2.5 -2.2 1.2
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.3 1.0 1.8 1.4 -0.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 -0.6
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.4 0.5 1.5 -1.2 0.5 0.6 -0.3 0.2 -1.0 0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.6 0.7 1.6 1.2 -0.6 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.5 -1.2
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.7 0.0
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.3 0.5 1.3 -0.8 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -1.1 -0.8 0.6
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.3
Medication: Blood pressure 0.4 0.7 1.5 0.2 -1.1 -0.4 -1.2 -1.0 0.5 -0.7
Angina (self-reported) 1.1 1.5 2.6 1.6 0.2 0.9 1.1 1.6 0.8 -1.6
Migraine (self-reported) 4.7 5.9 10.4 2.0 -3.2 3.0 -1.3 1.4 3.2 -2.1
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.6 -0.4 -0.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.5
Medication: Allopurinol 0.9 1.2 3.7 0.0 0.9 -1.2 0.9 -1.9 -1.1 0.9
Medication: Omeprazole 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 -0.0 -0.2 -0.7
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.1 0.5 -1.0 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.2
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 -0.4 0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.7 -0.9
Heart disease (mother) 1.0 1.3 4.3 0.7 -0.5 0.3 -2.1 -1.2 -0.2 -1.5
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.1 1.3 3.2 0.7 -0.9 1.8 -1.6 -0.7 -0.3 -1.3
Whole body fat mass 16.6 69.5 95.9 -9.1 8.2 -9.3 -1.6 -9.6 -9.8 7.7
Leg fat mass (right) 19.2 74.5 106.1 -9.3 8.4 -9.8 -1.6 -9.8 -10.3 8.0
Arm predicted mass (right) 12.8 65.7 90.8 -8.8 8.7 -9.2 -0.9 -8.3 -9.5 7.8
Pulse rate, automated reading 1.5 5.0 14.4 2.3 -2.7 1.8 -0.4 1.4 3.8 -1.6
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.9 2.2 4.5 -2.0 0.3 -0.3 -2.1 -1.1 -2.1 0.8
Comparative height size at age 10 2.2 11.9 19.7 -3.6 4.4 -4.4 1.3 -1.7 -3.8 3.6
Number of full sisters 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.6 -1.1 1.2 0.4 -0.4 0.1
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 1.2 1.8 4.2 1.1 -1.6 0.9 0.5 2.0 1.8 -0.1
Overall health rating 1.2 2.5 4.6 -1.5 2.1 -1.6 -0.4 -1.6 -2.0 1.3
Chest pain or discomfort 1.2 1.8 8.5 -0.8 -1.1 0.4 -2.9 -1.0 -0.3 -1.0
Had major operations 0.6 0.7 1.6 1.3 -0.0 0.1 1.2 -0.2 1.1 -0.6
Age at last live birth 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.0 -0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 -0.4
Family relationship satisfaction 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.7 -0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 0.2
Leg pain on walking 2.3 2.8 5.3 -2.3 0.8 -1.6 -1.3 -1.9 -1.8 1.7
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 2.0 2.4 6.3 -2.5 1.4 -1.8 -0.5 -0.9 -1.7 1.3
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.7 0.8 2.5 -0.9 0.7 -1.6 0.1 -0.8 -0.1 1.1
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.7 -0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 0.1
Medication: Aspirin 0.6 0.8 1.9 1.3 -0.0 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.7 -1.4
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.9 1.0 3.9 0.5 -2.0 0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.6 -1.3
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 -0.1 0.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 -0.8
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.5 1.4 3.1 0.5 -1.7 1.0 -1.7 -0.4 0.7 -1.3
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.1 0.5 -0.5 0.9 0.5 1.2 -0.3
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.4 0.6 2.4 -0.1 -0.8 0.6 -1.5 -0.2 -0.7 -0.6
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.7 0.9 4.2 -0.6 1.0 -0.2 0.2 0.4 -2.0 0.7
Smoking status: Previous 0.9 1.4 4.1 -0.1 -1.7 1.0 -2.0 -0.5 0.2 -1.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 3.1 6.4 10.6 -3.1 2.4 -2.6 -0.5 -1.4 -3.3 3.1
Whole body fat-free mass 12.0 68.5 94.9 -9.1 9.1 -9.4 -0.6 -8.0 -9.7 8.1
Leg fat-free mass (right) 13.7 73.4 102.0 -9.4 9.1 -9.6 -1.2 -8.8 -10.1 8.3
Arm fat percentage (left) 12.7 50.9 72.9 -7.6 6.8 -7.9 -1.3 -8.5 -8.4 6.5
Average weekly red wine intake 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.0 -0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.2 -1.1 0.6 -0.9 -0.2 0.1 -1.4
Mood swings 0.8 1.4 3.5 0.8 -1.5 1.3 -0.7 1.9 0.4 -1.0
Loneliness, isolation 0.7 1.0 2.8 -1.1 -0.8 0.1 -1.7 -0.7 -1.2 0.4
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 1.6 2.4 4.5 -1.8 1.0 -1.7 -0.7 -1.9 -2.1 0.9
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.0 0.3 -0.3 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.7
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 4.9 8.1 15.2 -2.8 2.1 -3.1 -1.3 -3.8 -3.9 2.0
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.6 0.6 2.0 -0.0 0.6 -0.9 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.9
Friendships satisfaction 3.8 4.7 10.0 2.2 -3.2 2.1 -1.1 1.5 1.9 -2.5
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 1.8 2.8 9.1 0.9 1.0 0.2 3.0 1.9 2.1 -0.1
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 2.4 2.6 4.9 1.7 -1.1 1.9 0.8 2.2 1.3 -1.7
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.9 2.2 4.8 2.2 -0.6 0.7 1.5 0.9 2.2 -1.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 1.2 1.9 5.4 -0.1 2.3 -1.6 2.0 -0.2 -0.2 1.1
Medication for cholesterol 3.1 4.7 10.4 -2.7 1.8 -2.3 0.7 -1.8 -1.8 3.2
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.4 -1.4 0.3 -0.8 1.3 0.5 -0.7
Back pain experienced in last month 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.0 0.1 -1.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 0.5
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.5 0.7 1.9 -1.4 0.2 -0.5 -1.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.7
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.9 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 -1.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.0
Asthma (self-reported) 0.2 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.2 -0.9 0.5 -0.3 0.5 -0.3
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 3.0 3.7 7.7 2.1 -2.4 1.5 0.2 0.8 2.8 -2.2
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.6 -0.9 0.6 -0.1 0.8 0.9 -0.4
Medication: Aspirin 0.8 1.1 2.4 1.6 0.3 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.5 -1.4
Medication: Gliclazide 2.9 3.3 7.8 -1.0 2.8 -2.2 1.8 -0.8 -1.2 2.0
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 4.1 5.1 10.5 2.9 -1.0 2.2 1.9 1.8 3.2 -2.0
Smoking status: Current 3.9 6.1 9.3 -2.9 3.1 -2.7 0.3 -1.5 -2.7 2.9
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.2 0.3 1.3 -0.2 -0.7 0.3 -1.1 0.1 -0.5 -0.0
Whole body water mass 12.1 69.1 96.0 -9.2 9.1 -9.4 -0.7 -8.1 -9.8 8.1
Leg predicted mass (right) 13.8 73.7 102.0 -9.4 9.1 -9.6 -1.2 -8.9 -10.1 8.4
Arm fat mass (left) 17.9 73.4 104.0 -9.3 8.4 -9.5 -1.8 -9.8 -10.2 7.9
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.9 1.6 4.0 1.7 -0.9 1.2 -1.1 0.3 0.8 -2.0
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 1.3 1.8 3.0 -1.4 -0.1 -1.2 -1.7 -1.6 -1.4 1.0
Miserableness 1.4 2.5 5.1 1.3 -2.3 1.4 -1.8 1.1 1.3 -1.5
Guilty feelings 1.7 2.6 4.4 1.8 -1.2 1.8 0.2 2.1 2.1 -1.2
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.3
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.5 0.6 1.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.9 1.0 -0.5 1.1 0.8
Hearing aid user 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.2
Mother’s age at death 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.6 -0.1 0.9 -0.3 0.3
Financial situation satisfaction 0.4 0.5 1.4 -1.2 -0.1 0.0 -1.1 -0.2 -0.8 0.0
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.9 1.1 3.9 -0.4 -1.0 0.5 -2.0 -1.2 -0.2 -0.9
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.5 0.6 2.5 -0.0 -0.4 1.6 -0.8 0.6 0.2 -0.7
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1
Medication: Blood pressure 0.4 0.8 2.2 0.6 -0.7 0.8 -1.5 0.1 0.0 -1.4
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.4 -0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -1.0 0.1
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 -0.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.6 -0.7
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 35.1 62.2 92.2 8.7 -6.1 9.6 0.3 8.2 8.5 -9.6
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.5 0.8 2.3 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 -1.4 -1.5 0.2 -0.0
Medication: Paracetamol 0.6 0.9 2.3 1.5 -0.8 0.6 -0.2 0.8 1.2 -0.9
Medication: Lisinopril 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.9 -0.6 0.3 -0.2
Medication: Atorvastatin 15.2 18.8 32.8 4.4 -4.1 5.4 -1.5 3.0 4.7 -5.7
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.9 1.1 2.2 -1.3 -0.4 -1.2 -1.5 -0.7 -0.7 1.0
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.9 -0.4 1.3 0.4 1.0 0.2 -0.7
Ever smoked 0.5 0.8 1.9 -1.4 0.3 -0.5 -1.4 -1.1 -0.1 0.6
Basal metabolic rate 14.3 79.3 110.2 -9.8 9.6 -10.1 -0.9 -8.9 -10.5 8.6
Leg fat percentage (left) 12.1 43.8 66.4 -6.9 6.0 -7.5 -1.7 -8.2 -7.9 5.9
Arm fat-free mass (left) 13.7 69.7 102.0 -9.3 8.6 -9.3 -1.6 -8.7 -10.1 7.8
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 3.6 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 -0.9 -1.9 -0.2 0.2
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.7 1.0 2.1 -1.5 0.8 -0.6 -0.9 -0.9 -1.2 0.9
Irritability 1.1 1.8 5.0 1.0 -2.2 0.7 -1.2 0.2 1.9 -1.0
Risk taking 0.6 0.9 1.9 -0.8 0.8 -0.7 -0.3 -1.4 -1.2 1.1
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 1.8 2.1 4.2 2.0 0.1 0.8 2.0 1.8 1.3 -1.1
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.6 0.8 1.8 1.1 -0.2 1.3 1.0 0.0 0.7 -0.9
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.2
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.5 4.5 12.3 2.2 -2.0 2.0 -0.3 1.5 3.5 -2.0
Ever depressed for a whole week 1.3 1.7 2.7 -1.3 1.4 -1.1 0.2 -1.5 -1.3 1.6
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.9 -0.2 0.9 -0.1 0.8 -0.1
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.5 0.6 2.2 1.0 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.5 0.2 -0.3
Myopia 1.6 2.4 5.1 -2.1 0.7 -1.1 -1.7 -1.1 -2.3 1.0
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.5 1.3 2.6 -0.7 1.6 -1.0 1.6 -0.0 -0.5 1.4
Cholesterol lowering medication 14.7 21.6 33.3 5.3 -2.9 5.8 0.4 5.7 4.4 -5.5
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 -0.8
Pain experienced in last month 0.6 1.0 2.2 -0.9 1.2 -1.5 -0.0 -0.7 -1.1 0.9
Supplements: Calcium 0.8 0.9 1.5 -0.5 0.4 -1.2 1.2 -0.4 -1.2 1.1
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.4 0.9 0.1 -0.4
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.4 1.9 4.2 1.6 -1.4 1.2 -0.5 0.9 1.3 -2.1
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.5 1.2 0.4 -0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.9
Heart disease (siblings) 0.8 0.9 2.6 0.3 -1.2 0.7 -1.6 0.5 0.7 -1.1
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.3 0.3 1.0 -0.4 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.2
Pack years of smoking 1.9 2.8 5.1 -1.6 1.9 -1.4 1.2 -0.7 -2.1 2.3
Impedance of whole body 8.2 41.6 62.2 6.5 -6.4 7.7 0.9 7.4 7.9 -5.7
Leg fat mass (left) 19.3 75.2 106.1 -9.3 8.4 -9.8 -1.7 -10.0 -10.3 8.0
Arm predicted mass (left) 13.8 70.4 100.0 -9.3 8.8 -9.5 -1.1 -8.4 -10.0 8.1