Hub : Genes

PPAPDC2

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 METSIM Adipose 0.0519 0.0248 2.4e-02 0.011 0.000 0.014 0.011 0.013 8.2e-03 3.6e-01 2.9e-03 6.6e-03 4.0e-03
2 YFS Blood 0.1850 0.0281 0.0e+00 0.107 0.098 0.110 0.122 0.114 3.5e-33 1.8e-30 4.1e-34 7.5e-38 3.0e-35
3 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0631 0.0261 2.1e-04 0.008 0.022 0.033 NA 0.020 8.5e-03 2.2e-05 2.1e-07 NA 4.9e-05
4 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.0787 0.0307 1.4e-05 0.026 0.024 0.033 NA 0.036 5.1e-04 8.8e-04 1.2e-04 NA 6.0e-05
5 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.1233 0.0457 1.3e-04 0.007 0.032 0.037 NA 0.031 6.2e-02 2.2e-04 9.4e-05 NA 2.8e-04
6 TCGA Skin Cutaneous Melanoma 0.2950 0.1180 5.3e-04 0.075 0.096 0.142 NA 0.138 4.8e-03 1.5e-03 1.3e-04 NA 1.6e-04
7 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.1030 0.0410 6.5e-07 0.099 0.092 0.108 NA 0.090 6.6e-10 2.9e-09 1.3e-10 NA 4.5e-09

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 2.0 3.2 7.2 2.0 1.2 -1.2 1.9 1.3 2.7 -1.7
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.9 2.1 4.6 1.4 0.6 -1.7 1.5 -0.1 2.1 -1.6
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.8 0.1
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.8 1.3 3.5 -0.3 1.1 -0.9 1.5 0.6 0.9 -1.9
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.0 -0.8 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.0
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.9 -0.2 0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.6
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.3 0.6 1.5 0.1 -0.2 -1.2 0.3 -1.2 0.6 -0.7
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.8 0.2 0.7 -0.3 0.2 0.9 -0.1
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.6 1.3 3.1 1.0 1.8 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.3 -1.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 1.2 1.4 5.8 -1.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 -0.4 2.4 -1.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 1.3 1.4 3.6 0.6 1.1 -0.7 1.2 1.9 1.6 -0.7
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 2.5 3.6 12.0 0.2 1.4 -0.2 1.9 1.3 3.5 -2.4
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.5 1.0 2.4 -1.3 -0.4 0.7 -1.5 1.1 -0.7 0.8
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.7 1.7 6.4 -2.5 -0.6 0.1 -2.0 1.1 0.2 0.4
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.7 1.3 5.4 -2.3 0.0 0.2 -1.4 1.0 1.0 -0.2
Major Depression (MDD) 2.0 2.5 8.4 -2.9 -1.7 -1.3 -0.9 -1.7 0.4 0.4
Reaction Time 1.3 2.6 5.9 0.1 1.5 -2.4 1.7 -0.8 1.6 -1.9
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.2 0.5 2.1 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 -1.5 0.3
Breast Cancer 1.2 2.9 6.5 -1.2 -2.1 -1.1 -1.6 -2.0 -0.8 2.5
Ovarian Cancer 0.4 0.5 1.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.9
Prostate Cancer 1.4 1.9 3.3 -1.5 -1.8 -1.2 -1.2 -1.8 -0.8 1.1
Age at First Birth 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.3
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 1.1 1.5 3.9 -0.2 1.1 -1.9 1.1 -0.5 0.8 -2.0
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.4 0.7
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.4 0.6 2.5 -1.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.8 0.8 0.5 0.1
Mean Putamen Volume 0.4 0.5 1.1 -0.6 1.0 -0.9 0.4 0.2 0.5 -0.9
Fasting Glucose 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.2 -0.6 0.5 0.4 1.0 -0.3
HbA1C 1.1 1.2 3.8 -0.2 -1.1 -2.0 0.3 -1.5 0.7 0.8
HDL Cholesterol 0.2 0.4 1.0 -0.4 -0.9 0.3 -0.7 0.1 0.1 1.0
LDL Cholesterol 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 -0.0 -0.3 1.2 -0.8
Lupus 0.6 0.9 2.5 0.2 0.2 -1.6 0.8 0.1 1.6 -0.6
Neuroticism (2016) 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.9 -1.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 0.4 -0.1
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.7 -0.0 -1.0 0.4 -0.8 0.6 -0.7
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.4 -0.6 0.6 -0.7 -0.2 -1.0 1.2
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.4 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.6 -0.7 0.9 -0.3 1.2 -1.4
Triglycerides 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.9 -0.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.5 -0.4 0.2
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.4 1.6 4.0 1.7 1.2 2.0 0.8 1.3 -0.2 -0.5
Ulcerative Colitis 1.1 1.6 4.0 -1.5 0.1 -2.0 -0.6 -0.0 1.9 -1.0
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.4 3.3 9.7 0.5 1.3 3.0 1.2 3.1 -0.4 -0.8
Blood Platelet Count 7.0 80.7 151.3 10.1 9.7 9.7 9.8 12.3 3.7 -3.7
Blood Red Count 7.3 71.0 130.0 5.8 10.5 4.2 9.5 11.4 4.9 -9.5
Blood White Count 2.4 18.0 59.1 2.8 4.1 4.0 3.1 7.7 2.3 -3.4
Heel T-Score 1.2 9.1 17.7 1.0 4.2 -1.5 3.7 2.0 3.0 -4.0
BMI 0.5 3.0 8.2 0.4 1.1 -1.6 1.8 0.4 2.9 -2.3
Height 0.2 3.1 6.8 0.7 2.6 1.7 2.0 1.1 0.4 -2.5
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 1.6 7.2 16.6 2.0 4.1 -0.1 3.8 2.2 1.3 -3.0
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.2 1.0 2.6 0.3 1.6 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.7 -1.1
Smoking Status 0.3 0.8 2.0 0.7 1.4 -0.8 0.6 1.1 -0.2 -0.9
Allergy or Eczema 0.4 1.0 2.8 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.2 1.0 -1.7
Cardiovascular Disease 0.5 1.6 3.0 -0.3 1.7 -0.5 1.5 0.1 1.7 -1.7
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.3 0.8 2.3 0.9 -0.6 -0.7 0.8 -0.5 1.5 -0.7
Respiratory disease 0.8 1.7 3.6 0.3 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.9 -0.6 -0.8
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.2 0.4 1.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.1 -0.5 0.7 0.3
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.1 0.3 1.4 -0.0 -0.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 1.2 -0.3
Lung FVC 0.4 2.1 4.7 -2.2 -2.1 -0.8 -1.8 -1.2 -0.5 0.2
Neuroticism 0.7 1.7 3.8 0.6 1.6 0.1 1.4 0.4 1.7 -2.0
Chronotype (morning person) 0.3 0.7 2.2 0.0 -1.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -1.1 1.5
Hair Pigment 0.0 0.9 2.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.4 -1.1 -0.6
Tanning 0.1 0.7 2.1 1.5 0.2 -1.1 0.9 -0.0 0.7 -0.3
Hand grip strength (left) 3.2 8.4 14.0 -2.9 -3.7 0.9 -3.5 -2.5 -3.1 2.7
Number of treatments/medications taken 1.0 1.7 5.9 -0.7 0.5 -1.8 0.6 -0.7 2.4 -1.2
Average weekly spirits intake 0.9 1.1 5.5 0.2 -0.1 -1.0 -0.5 -2.4 -0.9 -0.2
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.4 0.7 2.3 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.5 -1.0
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.7 1.9 -0.5 0.5 -0.8 0.7 0.1 1.4 -1.2
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 2.6 3.9 7.2 2.1 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.7 0.3 -1.3
Relative age of first facial hair 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 2.8 3.6 16.0 -1.1 -0.7 -2.1 -0.2 -1.4 4.0 -1.3
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.0 1.3 2.7 -1.4 -0.6 0.5 -1.6 -0.6 -1.1 1.4
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.3
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.2 0.5 2.0 -1.4 -0.0 0.4 -0.7 0.7 -0.6 -0.1
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.2 -0.8 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.4
Angina 1.7 2.2 6.5 -2.6 -1.1 -0.0 -1.6 -2.2 0.0 0.2
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.8 0.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 0.4
Supplements: Zinc 1.1 1.2 3.0 1.7 1.1 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.1 -1.0
Medication: Co-codamol 1.3 1.6 2.9 -0.4 1.7 0.3 1.6 0.4 1.4 -1.7
Medication: Metformin 0.5 0.7 3.9 0.2 0.3 -0.8 0.5 -0.2 2.0 -0.2
Diabetes (father) 0.5 0.6 1.4 -0.5 0.7 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.1 -0.9
Diabetes (mother) 0.7 0.9 2.5 0.5 0.8 -1.6 1.2 -0.9 0.3 -0.6
Severe depression (siblings) 0.6 0.7 2.0 1.4 0.0 -0.8 0.5 -0.5 1.1 -0.5
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.9 1.3 3.2 0.5 1.5 -0.2 0.7 1.3 1.8 -1.1
Impedance of leg (right) 0.1 0.5 1.4 -0.7 0.7 1.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.9 0.7
Leg fat-free mass (left) 1.2 6.4 12.5 2.3 2.3 -1.0 3.4 1.4 2.7 -3.5
Trunk fat percentage 0.9 3.8 6.9 1.8 2.2 0.6 2.6 2.2 1.9 -1.7
Hand grip strength (right) 3.5 9.6 16.4 -3.6 -4.1 0.1 -3.8 -3.3 -2.3 2.7
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.2 0.2 1.2 -0.2 -0.2 1.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.5
Current tobacco smoking 1.8 3.0 5.3 0.8 1.7 -1.3 2.0 2.1 2.3 -1.5
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.4 0.4 1.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.5 0.1 -1.3 1.0
Maternal smoking around birth 0.5 0.8 1.6 -1.3 -1.0 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0 1.1 0.2
Fed-up feelings 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.0 0.9 -0.4
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.7 1.8 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.3 0.9 0.4 -1.1
Relative age voice broke 0.9 1.4 3.0 -0.7 -1.7 -1.3 -1.1 -1.6 -0.0 1.1
Taking other prescription medications 1.9 2.9 7.9 -0.0 1.4 -1.4 1.8 0.1 2.8 -2.3
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.5 1.2 3.2 -0.4 0.8 1.8 -0.2 1.4 -1.5 0.5
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.1 1.2 5.4 -0.9 -0.1 -2.3 -0.1 -1.2 0.9 -0.4
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 1.8 4.2 9.5 1.7 2.8 -0.8 3.1 1.4 0.9 -2.4
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.3 -0.8 0.7 0.3
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.5 0.7 3.6 0.1 -0.7 0.1 -0.2 -0.6 1.9 0.3
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.8 1.0 2.2 -0.2 1.1 -0.5 1.0 0.4 1.5 -1.4
High blood pressure 0.2 0.5 1.6 -0.1 0.9 -0.2 0.9 1.3 -0.1 -0.6
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 1.4 2.9 6.7 1.5 1.5 -0.8 1.4 1.4 2.2 -2.6
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.0 1.2 2.5 1.2 1.6 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.8 -1.0
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 -0.8 0.6 -0.9 0.1 -0.3
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.0 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 -1.1 -0.0
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.8 0.3
Medication: Atenolol 0.4 0.5 1.5 -1.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.8 -0.8
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.2 -1.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5
Sitting height 0.3 2.0 4.6 1.4 1.8 0.0 2.1 0.5 0.3 -2.0
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.7 2.0 3.5 -0.7 -1.9 -1.8 -1.8 -1.1 -0.8 1.5
High blood pressure (mother) 1.5 2.0 5.5 2.3 1.3 -0.1 2.0 -0.1 0.3 -1.7
Body mass index (BMI) 0.8 3.5 7.7 1.2 1.5 -0.8 2.3 1.4 2.8 -2.2
Impedance of leg (left) 0.2 0.9 1.5 -1.1 -0.2 1.0 -1.0 -0.4 -1.2 1.2
Leg predicted mass (left) 1.2 6.5 12.7 2.3 2.4 -1.0 3.4 1.4 2.7 -3.6
Trunk fat mass 1.3 5.4 9.9 2.0 2.6 0.1 3.1 2.1 2.5 -2.5
Waist circumference 2.1 7.8 13.9 1.7 3.3 -1.2 3.7 2.4 3.1 -3.2
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.9 -0.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.5 0.5
Past tobacco smoking 0.6 1.1 2.7 0.9 0.7 -0.4 1.6 0.8 1.4 -0.9
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.3 0.5 1.4 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.8 -0.6 -1.2 0.8
Nervous feelings 1.4 2.6 5.4 0.8 2.3 -0.4 2.0 0.8 1.5 -2.1
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 1.3 2.0 4.7 0.8 1.2 -0.6 1.5 0.3 2.2 -2.1
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.5 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.5
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -1.3 0.9
Had menopause 1.1 1.3 2.9 -0.5 -1.0 1.2 -1.4 0.1 -1.7 1.3
Had other major operations 1.1 1.3 3.4 -0.7 1.2 0.0 0.6 1.3 1.3 -1.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.6 2.3 8.9 -1.0 -1.6 -1.1 -0.9 -3.0 -1.1 -0.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.0 2.3 4.7 0.5 2.2 -1.1 2.2 0.7 1.3 -1.7
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.7 0.8 2.0 0.5 0.0 1.3 -0.2 0.7 -1.4 1.1
Qualifications: None of the above 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.7
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.6 0.8 2.0 0.4 1.2 -0.4 0.6 0.6 1.4 -1.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.5 0.7 2.3 -0.7 -1.2 -1.5 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 -0.4
Heart attack 0.8 1.0 3.2 -0.8 1.2 1.8 0.7 0.2 -0.1 -0.9
Allergy 0.7 1.7 3.2 -1.3 -1.3 -0.2 -1.1 -1.8 -0.9 1.8
Pain all over the body in last month 1.9 2.1 6.2 0.2 1.0 -1.1 1.0 0.1 2.5 -2.2
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 3.0 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.7 1.7 -0.0
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.8 1.0 3.1 -0.3 0.3 -0.9 0.4 0.9 1.5 -1.8
Medication: Ramipril 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.4 0.9 -0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.6
Medication: Simvastatin 0.7 1.0 3.2 -1.3 -0.7 -1.1 0.0 -0.4 1.8 -0.4
Fluid intelligence score 0.2 0.4 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 -1.1 -0.0
Illnesses of siblings 0.8 1.1 5.8 2.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2
Neuroticism score 0.5 1.0 2.5 0.3 0.9 -0.5 1.2 -0.3 1.6 -1.2
Weight 1.3 6.4 11.1 2.0 2.5 -0.8 3.3 1.8 3.0 -3.2
Impedance of arm (right) 0.3 1.4 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.5 -1.6 1.2
Arm fat percentage (right) 1.2 4.9 8.0 1.8 2.6 -0.1 2.8 2.0 2.6 -2.2
Trunk fat-free mass 0.7 3.9 10.9 0.8 1.3 -1.1 2.1 0.7 2.8 -3.3
Hip circumference 0.7 2.9 5.3 1.4 1.5 -0.6 2.3 1.5 2.0 -2.1
Time employed in main current job 0.8 0.9 1.5 -1.2 -1.0 -0.7 -1.2 -0.6 0.3 1.1
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.3 0.4 1.9 -0.0 -0.0 -0.7 0.1 0.1 1.4 -0.5
Father’s age at death 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.6 0.4 -0.3 0.6 0.6 1.4 -0.7
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.9 1.2 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.7 -0.5
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 1.0 1.7 5.2 -1.2 0.6 -1.2 0.9 -0.7 2.3 -1.4
Falls in the last year 2.3 3.1 6.6 0.5 2.5 -1.1 2.6 1.7 0.8 -2.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.9 1.3 4.0 -2.0 -0.6 -0.4 -1.1 -1.8 -0.5 -0.1
Number of live births 0.4 0.5 2.5 1.0 0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -1.6 0.0 0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.6 2.0 9.0 -0.7 -1.6 -0.8 -0.8 -3.0 -0.6 -0.2
Pulse rate 0.9 1.5 3.0 0.2 1.1 -1.2 1.2 1.7 1.6 -1.0
Happiness 0.6 0.7 3.5 -1.9 -0.4 0.2 -0.7 -0.3 0.8 0.1
Noisy workplace 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 -0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.2
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.1 0.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.9 0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.6 0.6
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 1.5 1.7 3.5 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.5 1.9 1.2 -1.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.5 0.4 -1.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4
Asthma 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.1 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.4 0.5 -1.2
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.7 1.0 2.1 -1.5 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.9 0.1 0.3
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 1.8 2.8 6.1 -1.4 -2.4 -1.5 -1.5 -2.5 1.1 0.8
Depression (self-reported) 0.9 1.0 3.1 -0.0 0.3 1.8 -0.4 1.7 -0.7 0.6
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.7 0.8 2.4 1.5 1.3 -0.1 1.1 -0.5 0.4 -0.1
Prospective memory result 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 -0.1 0.6 0.9 0.8 -0.3
Lung cancer (father) 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.0 -0.4 0.9 -1.1 -0.5 -0.3 1.3
Illnesses of mother 0.7 0.9 2.3 -0.5 -1.5 -0.6 -0.5 -1.1 0.7 1.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.3 1.1 3.8 0.0 -0.2 -0.9 0.5 -2.0 0.4 -1.6
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 1.1 1.3 3.7 0.6 1.9 0.2 1.2 1.7 0.7 -0.6
Impedance of arm (left) 0.3 1.5 3.0 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.4 0.4 -1.7 1.5
Arm fat mass (right) 1.3 5.2 8.6 2.0 2.4 -0.3 2.9 2.1 2.7 -2.5
Trunk predicted mass 0.7 3.8 11.0 0.8 1.3 -1.0 2.1 0.7 2.8 -3.3
Standing height 0.4 3.5 7.1 1.9 2.4 -0.1 2.7 1.0 0.9 -2.5
Length of working week for main job 1.2 1.4 6.0 -0.7 0.1 -1.0 0.6 0.0 2.5 -1.3
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.6 1.8 3.1 0.2 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.7 1.3 -1.4
Breastfed as a baby 1.0 1.3 2.2 -0.9 -1.5 -0.1 -1.4 -1.2 -0.3 1.5
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.6 1.0 2.4 -0.1 -1.2 -0.1 -1.1 -1.4 -0.5 1.6
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.0 1.5 3.1 0.3 0.8 0.4 1.7 1.2 1.8 -1.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.8 1.9 4.5 0.6 1.6 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.2 -1.3
Birth weight of first child 0.6 1.1 2.6 0.3 -1.6 0.7 -1.4 -0.8 -0.4 1.3
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.2 0.6 2.5 0.3 -1.1 -0.1 -0.4 -1.6 0.0 0.1
Pulse wave reflection index 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.0
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.1 -0.6 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.6 0.3
Loud music exposure frequency 1.6 1.8 2.9 -1.7 -1.2 -0.9 -1.7 -1.6 0.9 1.0
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 1.6 2.5 5.8 -1.3 -1.5 -2.1 -1.8 -2.4 0.1 0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 2.1 2.8 7.3 1.8 2.0 2.7 1.1 1.7 -0.9 0.1
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 1.0 1.3 3.8 1.1 0.5 2.0 0.2 1.4 -1.4 -0.0
Medication: Paracetamol 0.6 1.0 3.9 0.3 0.9 -2.0 0.4 -1.2 0.5 -0.4
Headache pain in last month 2.2 3.7 8.8 1.8 3.0 -0.9 2.5 0.9 1.5 -1.9
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.9 -0.9 0.1
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 2.1 0.5 1.1 -0.5 1.0 -0.3 -0.2 -1.4
Gout (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 2.3 -1.5 -1.1 -0.9 -0.6 -1.2 0.3 0.5
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.3 0.5 1.4 1.0 -0.9 -0.2 0.6 -0.2 1.2 -0.2
Medication: Amlodipine 0.5 0.8 4.7 -2.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 2.1 2.7 4.9 0.1 1.0 -2.2 2.1 0.3 2.2 -2.0
Birth weight 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.2 -0.6 -0.1
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.7 0.8 2.0 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.7 -0.1 -0.7
High blood pressure (siblings) 1.2 1.7 5.5 -2.3 -0.0 -2.1 -0.2 -1.0 0.5 -1.0
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.3 1.2 4.6 -0.5 -0.5 -1.2 0.1 -2.1 -0.3 -1.3
Body fat percentage 0.9 3.7 6.4 1.5 2.2 0.3 2.5 2.0 2.2 -1.8
Leg fat percentage (right) 1.1 4.0 7.1 0.8 2.3 -0.2 2.7 1.7 2.6 -2.2
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.6 2.9 8.1 0.5 0.8 -1.0 1.8 0.7 2.5 -2.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 2.6 3.5 8.8 1.2 0.6 -3.0 2.0 -0.9 2.5 -1.8
Comparative body size at age 10 0.5 1.3 4.3 -0.1 -0.5 -2.1 0.7 -0.9 1.7 -0.4
Number of full brothers 0.3 0.3 1.0 -1.0 -0.2 0.5 -0.8 0.2 0.3 -0.3
Worry too long after embarrassment 2.2 3.6 7.1 1.5 1.9 -1.3 2.5 -0.0 2.7 -2.1
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.8 2.4 4.7 1.2 1.7 -0.1 2.2 1.5 1.3 -1.9
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.4 0.7 1.5 1.0 0.7 -0.3 1.0 1.2 0.3 -0.9
Number of children fathered 0.5 0.5 1.6 -0.3 -1.0 0.7 -0.7 -0.0 -1.3 -0.0
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.9 1.0 2.7 -0.7 -0.7 0.8 -1.6 -1.0 -0.7 1.2
Age at first live birth 1.7 3.0 6.2 -2.5 -1.7 -0.7 -1.8 -1.9 -1.8 1.2
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.9 1.0 3.0 -0.5 -1.7 -0.1 -1.0 -1.5 -0.8 0.6
Health satisfaction 2.1 2.7 5.0 -2.2 -1.9 -0.8 -1.5 -1.9 1.8 0.7
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.4 0.5 2.1 -1.5 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.6
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.4 1.1 3.8 -1.0 1.0 -1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 -2.0
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.2 -0.7 -0.3 -0.7 0.1 -1.3 1.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 1.9 2.2 6.6 1.0 1.6 -0.5 1.6 0.7 2.6 -1.4
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 -0.5 0.7 0.7 -0.8 0.1
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.5 0.9 2.5 0.4 -0.7 1.1 0.0 1.3 -1.6 0.2
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.3 1.9 4.1 0.3 1.7 0.2 1.5 1.5 2.0 -1.2
Medication: Blood pressure 0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.7 0.5 -0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.7
Angina (self-reported) 2.1 2.8 8.5 -2.9 -1.6 0.2 -1.9 -2.1 -0.1 0.4
Migraine (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.6 -0.4
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.3 0.4 1.0 -1.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 0.0
Medication: Allopurinol 0.7 1.0 2.7 -0.9 -0.5 -1.6 0.1 -1.4 1.0 -0.3
Medication: Omeprazole 0.9 1.1 2.5 1.0 1.6 -0.3 1.1 0.8 1.1 -0.8
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.2 -1.0 -0.0 -0.6 0.9 0.5
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.8 1.5 2.8 0.4 1.6 -1.2 1.6 0.5 1.0 -1.7
Heart disease (mother) 0.7 0.8 2.2 -1.1 0.3 0.9 -0.6 1.5 -0.8 0.7
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.9 1.1 3.1 0.9 -0.7 1.8 -0.3 1.3 -0.6 1.1
Whole body fat mass 1.2 5.0 9.0 1.9 2.5 -0.1 3.0 2.1 2.5 -2.5
Leg fat mass (right) 1.5 5.8 10.5 1.6 2.6 -0.5 3.2 1.9 2.8 -3.0
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.5 2.7 7.6 0.6 0.9 -0.7 1.8 0.9 2.3 -2.8
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.5 -1.1 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.3
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.4 1.0 3.3 1.8 0.5 0.2 1.5 -0.0 0.7 -0.6
Comparative height size at age 10 0.2 1.4 4.4 0.9 0.7 -0.9 1.5 0.7 0.6 -2.1
Number of full sisters 1.4 1.7 3.2 0.6 1.7 -1.4 1.8 -0.4 1.4 -1.2
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 1.6 2.5 4.4 1.4 2.1 0.3 2.0 0.4 1.7 -2.0
Overall health rating 0.7 1.5 5.3 -0.7 1.1 -0.6 0.6 0.3 2.3 -1.7
Chest pain or discomfort 0.6 0.8 2.7 -1.6 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.9 -1.0
Had major operations 1.4 1.6 7.2 0.7 1.2 2.7 0.2 1.0 -0.9 0.6
Age at last live birth 0.5 0.7 2.3 -1.5 -0.1 -1.3 0.5 -0.5 0.2 -0.8
Family relationship satisfaction 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.6 0.3 0.3
Leg pain on walking 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.7 -0.0 -0.6 1.0 0.6
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.7 0.2 -0.9 -0.7 -0.0 -0.1
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.8 0.9 1.6 -0.6 -0.9 0.5 -1.3 -0.6 -1.3 1.3
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 2.0 2.5 4.8 -0.4 -2.2 0.5 -1.7 -1.4 -2.0 1.9
Medication: Aspirin 0.9 1.2 5.5 -1.2 0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.5 2.4 -1.2
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.3 1.4 0.1 0.9 0.5 -0.4 -0.5
Knee pain experienced in last month 1.4 2.2 4.8 -1.1 -2.2 -2.1 -1.1 -1.7 0.5 0.6
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.3 0.8 1.6 0.2 1.1 -0.1 1.3 1.2 0.1 -0.9
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.2 -0.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.9
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 1.6 2.2 6.0 -2.5 -1.6 -0.1 -1.8 -0.8 -1.3 1.0
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.8 2.2 5.6 -2.0 -2.4 -0.9 -1.2 -1.9 0.4 0.3
Smoking status: Previous 2.0 3.0 5.7 -1.2 -1.5 0.2 -2.4 -2.0 -2.2 1.6
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.0 -0.3 1.0 0.2 0.9 -1.2
Whole body fat-free mass 0.8 4.7 11.8 1.3 1.6 -1.0 2.6 1.0 2.8 -3.4
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.9 5.0 10.1 2.2 1.9 -1.1 2.9 1.1 2.4 -3.2
Arm fat percentage (left) 1.1 4.3 7.4 1.8 2.4 -0.1 2.7 1.9 2.4 -2.0
Average weekly red wine intake 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.9 1.0 2.8 -0.1 -0.7 0.8 -1.3 -0.3 -1.2 1.7
Mood swings 0.6 1.2 2.6 -1.0 -0.3 -1.6 -0.3 -1.1 1.6 -0.7
Loneliness, isolation 2.2 3.1 7.4 -2.7 -1.9 -0.2 -2.1 -1.2 -1.4 1.7
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 2.5 3.9 8.0 0.5 2.4 -0.6 2.0 1.2 2.8 -2.7
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 -0.2 0.7 -0.3 0.2 -0.6 0.6
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.4 0.7 2.0 -0.4 -1.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.8 1.4 0.5
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.7 0.8 2.8 -0.4 0.3 -1.2 -0.1 -1.7 0.9 -0.0
Friendships satisfaction 1.8 2.2 6.1 -1.5 -1.7 -1.2 -1.5 -2.5 0.3 0.8
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 2.4 2.6 5.8 1.0 0.8 -1.4 2.1 0.5 2.4 -2.2
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.8 -0.5 0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.9 1.5 3.5 1.5 1.4 1.9 0.7 1.2 0.4 0.6
Medication for cholesterol 0.9 1.4 6.9 0.3 -2.6 -0.6 -1.1 -0.7 0.2 0.9
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.8 1.0 1.9 -0.5 -0.9 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.8 1.4
Back pain experienced in last month 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.5 -0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.7
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 -0.8 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 1.0
Breast cancer (self-reported) 1.5 1.8 3.8 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.4 1.9 0.9 -1.1
Asthma (self-reported) 0.5 0.9 2.0 -0.0 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.4 0.1 -0.9
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 1.4 1.7 4.0 -1.4 -1.5 0.6 -2.0 -0.0 -0.3 1.8
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 1.0 1.3 2.2 1.0 1.5 -0.5 1.1 1.2 0.8 -1.5
Medication: Aspirin 1.3 1.7 7.4 -1.4 0.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.3 2.7 -1.3
Medication: Gliclazide 0.3 0.3 0.6 -0.6 -0.5 0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -0.5 0.5
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 1.3 1.6 4.3 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.1 -0.8
Smoking status: Current 1.6 2.5 4.4 0.9 1.4 -1.3 1.8 2.1 1.9 -1.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.3 0.6 1.9 -1.4 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6 0.6 -0.8
Whole body water mass 0.8 4.4 11.3 1.2 1.5 -1.1 2.4 0.9 2.7 -3.4
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.9 5.0 10.4 2.2 1.8 -1.0 2.9 1.1 2.4 -3.2
Arm fat mass (left) 1.3 5.5 9.2 2.0 2.5 -0.3 3.0 2.1 2.8 -2.6
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 2.5 4.4 8.2 0.5 2.5 0.7 2.3 2.2 2.4 -2.9
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 1.0 1.4 2.8 0.0 1.2 -1.7 1.0 -0.8 1.2 -1.5
Miserableness 0.6 1.0 2.1 0.5 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 -1.4
Guilty feelings 0.8 1.2 3.1 -0.4 -1.1 -1.2 -0.0 -1.6 1.8 0.2
Wears glasses or contact lenses 1.0 1.1 4.0 -0.1 0.2 1.7 -0.9 2.0 -0.4 0.1
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 1.0 1.1 5.5 0.9 -0.3 -0.4 0.5 -1.0 2.3 -0.4
Hearing aid user 0.6 0.7 2.4 1.6 0.1 1.2 0.2 0.3 -0.8 0.6
Mother’s age at death 1.1 1.4 6.2 -0.2 0.5 1.6 -0.1 0.8 -2.5 0.2
Financial situation satisfaction 0.6 0.8 1.7 -1.0 -0.6 -1.3 -0.6 -1.1 0.7 0.4
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.3 0.3 1.6 -1.3 0.1 -0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.3
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.8 0.9 2.5 -0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 -1.1 1.6 -1.4
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.5 0.6 2.1 -0.2 0.4 -0.5 0.5 -1.5 0.5 -1.2
Medication: Blood pressure 0.7 1.3 2.9 0.2 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.6 -1.1 -0.5
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.9 1.1 3.8 -0.1 0.3 -1.9 0.8 -0.4 1.6 -0.7
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.9 -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.0 -0.1
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.8 1.5 5.2 -2.3 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 0.2 1.0
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.3 0.5 1.7 0.1 1.3 -0.9 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.7
Medication: Paracetamol 0.9 1.3 3.9 0.8 1.3 -2.0 0.7 -1.5 0.3 -0.6
Medication: Lisinopril 1.9 2.4 4.0 1.4 1.3 -0.8 1.9 1.2 2.0 -1.8
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.1 0.3 1.3 -0.3 0.8 -0.5 -0.0
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 1.0 1.2 1.7 -1.1 -1.3 -0.4 -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 1.0
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.8 0.2 -0.0
Ever smoked 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.9 -0.5 0.5 -0.8 0.4
Basal metabolic rate 1.0 5.4 12.5 1.5 1.9 -1.1 2.9 1.2 3.0 -3.5
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.8 2.8 6.3 0.5 1.6 -0.4 2.1 1.4 2.5 -2.0
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.6 3.0 7.9 0.5 1.1 -0.9 1.9 0.9 2.5 -2.8
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.6 0.9 2.5 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.8 1.6 0.1 -0.4
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.6 -0.3 0.5 0.3
Irritability 1.2 2.0 5.4 -2.3 -1.0 -1.1 -1.2 -2.0 -0.0 0.9
Risk taking 1.8 2.6 5.8 -2.0 -1.9 -2.4 -0.9 -1.6 1.1 -0.1
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.9 -0.4 -0.1 -0.6 0.2 0.4
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 1.9 2.4 6.2 -2.5 -0.1 -1.8 -0.2 -0.7 2.5 -1.0
Age started oral contraceptive pill 1.0 1.2 3.0 0.2 -0.4 1.4 -0.3 1.5 -1.7 1.1
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.1 0.3 1.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.5 -0.6
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.5
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 1.3 1.7 6.9 0.3 1.0 -0.8 1.1 0.5 2.6 -1.4
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.6 0.8 3.5 0.8 0.1 -1.9 0.8 -0.5 0.6 -0.3
Myopia 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.0 0.7 1.1 -0.1 1.2 -0.3 0.2
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.5 -0.9 0.1 -0.8 -1.0 -0.2 0.7
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.6 0.8 2.5 -1.6 1.0 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.1 -0.2
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.7 0.8 2.3 0.6 1.5 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.7 -0.6
Pain experienced in last month 1.2 2.0 5.1 0.1 -1.4 0.4 -1.5 -0.7 -2.3 1.9
Supplements: Calcium 0.5 0.6 1.2 -1.1 -0.6 0.6 -1.0 -0.3 0.1 0.9
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 3.6 -0.0 -0.9 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -0.3 1.9
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 3.9 -1.0 0.8 2.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 1.2 1.5 4.1 1.2 0.6 2.0 0.4 1.6 -1.4 -0.2
Heart disease (siblings) 1.0 1.3 3.4 -1.9 -1.1 0.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.9 1.0
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.7 0.7 2.0 1.4 0.0 -1.2 0.6 -1.1 0.2 -0.1
Pack years of smoking 0.5 0.8 1.7 0.1 1.3 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.3 -0.7
Impedance of whole body 0.3 1.3 3.8 0.6 0.6 1.4 -0.1 0.2 -2.0 1.6
Leg fat mass (left) 1.3 4.9 8.5 1.4 2.2 -0.7 2.9 1.8 2.8 -2.8
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.7 3.6 9.3 0.5 1.1 -0.9 2.0 0.9 2.9 -3.0