Hub : Genes

PRDX5

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Adipose Subcutaneous 0.0640 0.0320 7.2e-03 0.027 NA 0.014 NA 0.030 2.6e-03 NA 2.4e-02 NA 1.7e-03
2 GTEx Brain Cerebellum 0.1450 0.0630 8.4e-03 0.160 NA 0.111 NA 0.132 1.8e-05 NA 3.6e-04 NA 1.0e-04
3 GTEx Esophagus Mucosa 0.0640 0.0310 8.1e-03 0.072 NA 0.043 NA 0.053 1.4e-05 NA 7.4e-04 NA 1.8e-04
4 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.0985 0.0400 4.8e-04 0.015 NA 0.030 NA 0.038 2.9e-02 NA 3.3e-03 NA 9.8e-04
5 GTEx Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic 0.1250 0.0540 5.5e-03 0.123 NA 0.096 NA 0.109 3.0e-07 NA 6.0e-06 NA 1.5e-06
6 GTEx Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg 0.0830 0.0350 6.5e-04 0.067 NA 0.046 NA 0.041 3.2e-06 NA 1.0e-04 NA 2.4e-04
7 METSIM Adipose 0.0759 0.0436 2.3e-02 0.046 -0.001 0.021 0.013 0.034 1.9e-07 4.8e-01 3.7e-04 3.4e-03 6.5e-06
8 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.1039 0.0318 2.0e-07 0.053 0.055 0.077 0.071 0.078 2.3e-07 1.2e-07 3.6e-10 1.9e-09 2.8e-10
9 YFS Blood 0.5140 0.0409 0.0e+00 0.396 0.399 0.424 0.415 0.432 2.7e-140 8.1e-142 1.3e-153 4.9e-149 4.0e-157
10 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.0460 0.0270 3.8e-03 0.035 0.025 0.011 NA 0.025 2.0e-04 1.6e-03 2.9e-02 NA 1.6e-03

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.8 1.3 3.9 0.6 -1.1 -1.3 -0.4 -0.5 -2.0 0.7 -1.2 1.3 -1.3
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 2.5 6.2 11.0 0.3 -2.9 -2.9 -1.8 -1.5 -3.1 0.7 -3.0 3.0 -3.3
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 2.6 5.6 11.0 -1.4 -2.9 -2.9 -1.3 -2.9 -3.3 -1.1 -2.1 2.0 -2.5
Depression (Nagel 2018) 1.0 1.5 3.6 0.5 -1.4 -1.5 -0.5 -0.9 -1.0 0.0 -1.5 1.9 -1.7
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 1.6 5.0 10.8 -0.5 2.9 3.1 0.7 1.5 1.8 -0.6 2.3 -3.1 3.3
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 1.1 2.5 5.8 0.5 -2.4 -2.3 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 0.4 -0.8 2.1 -2.1
Schizophrenia (2018) 2.6 5.5 10.6 -0.1 -2.9 -2.6 -1.9 -1.6 -2.5 0.3 -2.9 2.9 -3.3
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 1.0 1.3 4.4 1.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 2.1 0.2 1.0 -0.4 0.3
Worry (Nagel 2018) 1.2 2.6 5.8 0.9 -2.3 -2.1 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2 1.9 -1.0 2.4 -2.0
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 1.2 1.4 3.8 0.3 -1.9 -1.6 -1.3 -0.5 -1.4 -0.4 -1.0 0.8 -1.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.8 0.6
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 1.0 1.4 3.3 -0.4 -1.6 -1.5 -1.8 -0.8 -1.3 -0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.0
Crohns Disease (2017) 1.0 2.3 6.8 -1.4 -1.8 -1.6 -0.0 -1.9 -2.6 -0.1 -0.8 1.3 -1.4
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 1.1 2.5 8.3 -1.5 -1.8 -1.8 -0.5 -1.9 -2.9 -0.2 -1.1 1.3 -1.4
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.3 0.6 2.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -1.7 -0.3 -0.6 0.4 -0.4
Major Depression (MDD) 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Reaction Time 5.7 10.9 20.9 -2.4 -3.8 -3.9 -4.6 -2.8 -2.2 -0.8 -3.9 3.3 -3.6
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 2.1 5.0 9.5 0.1 2.8 3.1 0.9 1.6 2.5 -0.8 2.3 -2.9 2.9
Breast Cancer 0.1 0.3 2.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.2 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3
Ovarian Cancer 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.7 -0.8 -0.8 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 0.7 -0.4 1.1 -1.0
Prostate Cancer 0.9 1.3 2.9 0.4 -1.3 -1.7 -0.8 -0.2 -1.6 0.2 -1.0 1.5 -1.4
Age at First Birth 0.5 0.7 4.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.4 2.1 -0.4 1.3 0.0
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 2.1 2.0 6.0 0.3 -2.4 -2.4 -1.3 -0.5 0.0 0.9 -1.3 2.0 0.0
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 3.6 5.0 10.8 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.3 3.2 2.6 0.5 3.3 -2.4 0.0
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1.2 1.4 2.9 -1.4 -1.1 -1.2 -0.8 -1.7 -1.3 -1.3 -1.5 0.8 0.0
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.2 1.9 4.7 -0.8 -2.1 -1.7 -0.1 -1.4 -2.2 0.1 -0.5 1.5 -1.2
Mean Putamen Volume 0.9 1.0 2.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 -1.5 1.1 -1.0
Fasting Glucose 0.3 0.3 1.6 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.0 0.7 0.8 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.0
HbA1C 2.1 2.4 5.5 -1.9 -1.0 -1.1 -1.9 -2.3 -1.5 0.3 -2.2 1.3 0.0
HDL Cholesterol 1.5 2.5 7.1 2.7 0.3 0.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 -0.0 1.8 -0.7 0.0
LDL Cholesterol 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.0
Lupus 0.5 0.7 2.5 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 0.3 -0.1 -0.8 1.3 -0.3 1.6 -1.2
Neuroticism (2016) 1.3 1.8 9.7 1.0 -1.1 -0.6 1.0 0.5 0.2 3.1 0.4 1.7 -1.2
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 2.0 2.8 9.4 -2.4 -0.9 -1.3 -0.1 -2.4 -3.1 -1.7 -0.9 0.6 -0.8
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.4 1.9 4.8 -0.6 -1.5 -1.1 -0.1 -1.5 -1.6 0.7 -1.0 2.2 -2.1
Schizophrenia (2014) 2.0 4.4 9.5 0.4 -2.4 -2.4 -1.4 -0.8 -1.9 1.4 -2.5 2.9 -3.1
Triglycerides 0.5 0.8 3.3 -1.8 0.2 0.2 -1.0 -1.4 -1.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 3.0 3.4 6.5 -2.4 -0.9 -1.2 -2.4 -2.5 -2.5 0.2 -2.4 1.5 0.0
Ulcerative Colitis 0.9 1.3 2.7 -0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -0.3 -0.7 -1.7 1.2 -0.9 1.6 -1.3
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.6 5.0 22.7 -3.7 0.1 -0.2 -4.8 -2.5 -0.2 0.2 -2.4 -0.8 0.9
Blood Platelet Count 7.3 85.2 125.4 4.3 10.9 11.2 11.1 7.8 8.4 0.4 10.9 -10.0 10.7
Blood Red Count 0.6 6.0 18.1 -4.3 0.0 0.0 -4.3 -3.7 -0.5 0.2 -3.1 -0.3 0.1
Blood White Count 0.7 5.1 19.7 -4.4 -1.1 -1.3 -2.0 -3.5 -2.5 -2.0 -1.0 -0.8 0.1
Heel T-Score 1.4 11.3 25.3 0.3 4.1 4.5 1.4 2.6 3.5 0.5 2.8 -4.8 5.0
BMI 4.8 27.6 53.3 2.3 5.4 5.2 4.6 5.0 5.1 -1.6 6.4 -6.8 7.3
Height 0.1 2.1 7.5 0.3 2.0 2.1 0.7 0.5 2.7 1.4 0.7 -0.7 1.2
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 5.9 26.5 60.5 -7.8 -3.4 -3.6 -5.3 -7.3 -5.7 1.6 -5.8 4.2 -3.7
Systolic Blood Pressure 3.4 17.0 37.0 -6.1 -3.3 -3.6 -5.2 -5.5 -4.3 -1.3 -4.2 2.6 -2.8
Smoking Status 1.8 4.2 10.8 -1.2 -1.8 -1.8 -0.3 -2.6 -3.3 1.0 -1.8 2.6 -2.4
Allergy or Eczema 0.6 1.6 11.7 1.3 0.1 0.4 -0.6 0.4 0.7 3.4 -0.6 0.7 0.0
Cardiovascular Disease 2.1 6.8 20.8 -4.6 -1.9 -1.8 -2.8 -4.2 -2.9 -0.5 -2.2 1.2 -0.8
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 5.1 11.6 24.4 -4.7 -2.9 -2.9 -2.4 -4.9 -3.7 -3.5 -3.2 1.8 -2.7
Respiratory disease 0.5 1.0 2.1 -1.4 1.2 1.3 -0.8 -0.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -1.4 1.4
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 3.0 5.6 15.1 -3.9 -1.4 -1.2 -3.0 -3.8 -2.1 -1.4 -2.5 0.7 -0.8
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 1.7 8.4 15.0 1.9 2.7 2.8 3.7 2.9 3.3 1.6 3.9 -2.3 3.0
Lung FVC 0.5 2.4 7.7 2.1 -0.9 -0.4 0.9 -0.0 -0.7 1.2 -1.1 2.6 -2.8
Neuroticism 1.5 3.7 11.4 0.2 -3.4 -3.2 -0.8 -1.0 -1.5 1.3 -1.0 2.3 -2.0
Chronotype (morning person) 1.4 3.3 14.7 -3.8 -0.2 -0.6 -2.7 -2.0 -0.1 -2.0 -1.0 -1.0 0.5
Hair Pigment 0.1 1.7 4.4 2.1 0.1 -0.2 2.1 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.7 0.4 -0.3
Tanning 0.1 0.9 1.9 0.6 0.9 1.0 -0.1 1.3 1.4 0.3 0.9 -1.1 1.1
Hand grip strength (left) 0.5 1.4 4.6 -1.7 0.0 -0.3 0.3 -1.8 -1.1 -2.1 -0.9 -0.4 -0.5
Number of treatments/medications taken 2.3 4.2 7.7 -2.1 -2.0 -1.7 -1.5 -2.8 -2.5 0.7 -2.0 2.4 -1.9
Average weekly spirits intake 0.7 0.8 2.5 1.6 0.3 -0.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.2 -0.4
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.4 0.6 1.4 -1.2 -0.9 -1.1 0.0 -0.5 -1.1 -1.0 0.4 -0.2 0.2
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.5 1.2 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -1.1 -1.1 0.1 -0.6 0.4 -0.5
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.7 1.0 2.4 -0.1 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 1.5 -0.9 0.9 -0.7
Relative age of first facial hair 0.5 1.1 5.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 2.3 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 1.3 -0.7 0.6
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.5 0.7 2.9 -1.7 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.2
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.5 0.6 2.6 1.1 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.2 -0.2 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.4
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.7 0.8 2.2 -0.3 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 -0.9 1.3
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.7 2.0 7.2 -2.7 -0.2 -0.4 -1.7 -2.0 -1.7 -1.3 -1.2 -0.2 0.1
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.7 0.8 2.9 -1.7 -0.5 -0.5 -1.2 -1.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2
Angina 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.4 0.6 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 -0.8 0.7
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.7 0.7 1.8 0.0 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.5 -1.0 0.7 -1.0 0.7
Vitamin and mineral supplements 3.1 4.3 8.4 0.1 2.9 2.7 1.2 1.6 1.8 -1.0 1.8 -2.8 2.8
Supplements: Zinc 2.5 2.8 3.8 -1.0 -1.6 -2.0 -1.9 -1.6 -1.9 0.6 -1.8 1.8 -1.9
Medication: Co-codamol 2.5 2.9 6.2 1.6 1.5 1.6 2.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.1 -1.1 1.4
Medication: Metformin 0.5 0.7 3.6 -1.9 0.5 0.6 0.2 -1.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.2
Diabetes (father) 1.4 1.7 4.4 -0.7 1.5 2.1 -0.0 0.3 1.6 -0.3 0.8 -1.8 1.8
Diabetes (mother) 2.3 2.9 7.6 -0.5 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 -0.4 2.3 -2.8 2.6
Severe depression (siblings) 1.1 1.2 4.9 1.6 0.0 0.5 0.7 1.6 1.0 2.2 0.7 0.2 0.2
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.3 0.5 1.6 -1.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.9 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 0.4
Impedance of leg (right) 0.8 3.7 5.7 -1.6 -2.0 -2.4 -1.9 -2.1 -1.9 0.8 -2.2 1.9 -2.1
Leg fat-free mass (left) 2.1 11.4 18.1 2.0 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.2 4.3 -1.2 3.6 -3.7 4.1
Trunk fat percentage 4.3 17.0 32.4 2.6 4.1 3.7 4.3 4.0 4.0 -0.7 5.0 -5.0 5.7
Hand grip strength (right) 1.3 3.4 12.4 -3.3 1.2 0.4 -0.3 -2.1 -0.8 -3.5 -0.8 -1.8 0.7
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.9 -0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.7 0.3 0.3 -0.3
Current tobacco smoking 0.3 0.5 2.7 -1.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -1.0 -1.6 0.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.1
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.9 1.0 3.2 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.5 1.8 1.6 0.5 0.3 -0.1
Maternal smoking around birth 1.4 2.1 3.5 -1.3 -1.4 -1.7 -0.4 -1.7 -1.9 -0.6 -1.5 1.3 -1.7
Fed-up feelings 6.3 11.5 21.8 -3.7 -3.7 -3.9 -2.6 -4.7 -4.2 -2.2 -3.1 2.0 -2.8
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 1.9 0.2 -0.7 -1.0 0.1 -0.4 -1.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.5
Relative age voice broke 0.6 0.9 5.3 1.1 -0.0 0.3 2.3 0.5 -0.7 0.9 1.1 0.3 -0.1
Taking other prescription medications 4.0 6.2 9.9 -1.8 -3.1 -2.6 -1.4 -2.7 -2.8 0.8 -2.4 3.1 -3.0
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.6 3.9 12.0 2.3 1.7 1.9 3.5 2.1 1.2 1.0 2.2 -1.1 1.4
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.7 0.8 1.6 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -0.7 -0.9 -1.3 0.3 -0.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.5 1.2 3.8 -0.7 1.2 1.2 -0.8 0.4 1.0 -0.9 0.4 -2.0 1.4
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.5 0.5 1.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.7 0.4 -1.1 -0.8 0.6 -1.0
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.6 0.8 1.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.7 -0.5 1.0 -1.0 0.7
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.6 0.7 2.9 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 1.7 -0.7 0.6 -0.3
High blood pressure 1.5 4.2 10.6 -3.2 -1.0 -1.0 -1.8 -3.2 -2.8 0.0 -1.8 1.7 -1.2
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.8 1.8 10.0 2.0 0.5 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.0 3.2 -0.2 0.8 0.0
Multivitamins +/- minerals 2.1 2.7 6.7 0.5 -1.8 -1.7 -0.5 -0.8 -1.2 2.2 -1.3 2.6 -2.3
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 1.3 1.7 3.1 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.3 -0.4 0.7
Supplements: Glucosamine 1.4 1.8 6.1 2.2 -0.5 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.3 2.5 -0.3 1.8 -1.2
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.8 0.2 -0.0 -0.1 -0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.4 0.5
Medication: Atenolol 0.9 1.1 2.4 -1.5 -0.7 -0.3 -1.5 -1.6 -0.9 0.8 -1.0 0.9 -0.4
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.9 3.1 6.8 -2.5 -1.4 -1.4 -1.1 -2.6 -1.8 -1.9 -1.6 1.2 -1.6
Sitting height 0.4 3.2 9.8 -0.2 2.5 2.8 0.2 0.7 3.1 -1.0 0.8 -1.8 1.6
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.4 1.6 6.2 -1.3 1.3 1.4 0.6 -0.7 -1.1 -2.5 0.2 -1.4 0.6
High blood pressure (mother) 0.5 0.7 1.8 0.7 -1.2 -0.7 -0.8 0.1 0.8 1.4 -0.5 0.8 -0.4
Body mass index (BMI) 4.1 17.3 30.2 2.9 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.3 3.8 -0.8 5.2 -4.9 5.5
Impedance of leg (left) 1.1 5.2 8.2 -1.6 -2.5 -2.9 -2.1 -2.3 -2.3 1.0 -2.5 2.4 -2.6
Leg predicted mass (left) 2.2 11.8 19.0 2.0 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.2 4.4 -1.2 3.7 -3.8 4.2
Trunk fat mass 3.9 16.8 30.6 2.6 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.9 4.3 -0.9 4.8 -4.9 5.5
Waist circumference 1.9 7.1 17.8 -0.1 3.0 2.9 2.1 1.7 2.6 -0.5 2.9 -3.6 4.2
Number of incorrect matches in round 2.7 4.5 8.7 1.0 -3.0 -3.0 -1.9 -0.0 -1.4 1.0 -2.0 2.8 -2.8
Past tobacco smoking 0.7 1.3 3.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 -0.0 1.7 2.0 -0.7 0.9 -1.2 1.1
Alcohol usually taken with meals 2.1 3.4 6.9 1.5 2.2 2.6 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.6 -0.5 1.1
Nervous feelings 1.9 3.6 12.1 1.6 -2.1 -1.9 0.0 0.1 -0.2 3.5 -0.6 2.9 -2.0
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.9 0.0 0.2 -0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.9 1.5 6.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.3 -0.0 -1.4 -2.5 0.6 -1.3 1.4 -1.6
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.6 -0.9 1.0
Had menopause 0.9 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.6 -0.8 1.2
Had other major operations 2.4 2.9 7.7 2.8 0.1 0.3 2.0 2.6 2.1 0.6 2.2 -0.1 0.5
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.1 0.5 1.7 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 -1.3
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.0 2.2 6.0 -0.5 1.6 1.6 -0.4 1.0 1.8 0.1 1.1 -2.4 2.3
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 -0.3 0.6 -0.3
Qualifications: None of the above 0.6 1.3 3.0 0.1 -1.6 -1.5 0.1 -1.0 -1.7 0.3 -0.7 1.3 -1.5
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 1.0 1.4 2.2 -0.6 -1.4 -1.3 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 0.3 -1.3 0.9 -0.9
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.3 0.5 1.9 1.0 -0.5 0.0 -0.9 0.9 1.4 -0.3 -0.0 0.3 -0.5
Heart attack 1.2 1.5 7.4 -2.7 -0.1 -0.1 -1.8 -1.7 -0.3 -0.9 -0.8 -0.2 0.2
Allergy 0.8 1.8 7.2 -1.2 -1.5 -2.0 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8 -2.7 -0.4 0.4 -1.2
Pain all over the body in last month 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.3 -0.5 -0.9 -0.4 -0.2 -0.7 0.3 -0.3 0.8 -0.6
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.4 0.6 2.4 -1.6 -0.0 0.3 -0.7 -1.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 0.1 -0.1
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 1.4 -0.9 0.8 1.2 -1.0 -0.9 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6 0.8
Medication: Ramipril 0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.2 1.2 -0.9 1.2
Medication: Simvastatin 1.6 2.3 12.4 -3.5 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 -2.7 -0.4 -1.5 -0.5 -0.7 0.3
Fluid intelligence score 1.3 2.7 5.8 -0.4 1.8 2.4 0.3 1.4 1.6 -0.3 1.6 -2.2 2.4
Illnesses of siblings 0.7 0.9 2.4 1.5 0.4 -0.0 1.3 1.5 1.2 -0.3 1.1 -0.1 0.2
Neuroticism score 1.2 2.6 7.4 -0.2 -2.7 -2.6 -0.5 -1.0 -1.7 0.9 -0.8 1.8 -1.6
Weight 3.4 16.6 27.7 2.4 4.2 4.3 4.0 3.8 4.6 -1.1 4.6 -4.8 5.3
Impedance of arm (right) 0.0 0.2 0.5 -0.7 0.0 -0.5 -0.0 -0.7 0.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3
Arm fat percentage (right) 4.7 18.5 34.3 2.5 4.3 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.9 -1.4 5.2 -5.4 5.9
Trunk fat-free mass 0.6 3.6 8.6 1.2 1.9 2.3 1.5 1.8 2.9 -0.5 1.9 -1.8 2.1
Hip circumference 6.7 28.8 41.3 4.5 4.8 4.9 5.1 6.1 6.4 -1.4 6.3 -5.9 6.3
Time employed in main current job 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.2 -0.7 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 0.5 0.6 -0.2 0.9 -1.0
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 5.2 7.8 14.8 -0.7 -3.5 -3.5 -1.7 -2.5 -2.2 1.2 -2.9 3.8 -3.8
Father’s age at death 0.8 1.1 4.0 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.2 2.0 0.7 0.8 -0.6 0.7
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.8 1.6 3.9 -0.7 -1.9 -2.0 -0.8 -0.8 -1.6 0.5 -1.0 1.1 -0.9
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.4 0.6 1.5 -1.2 -0.7 -0.9 -0.3 -1.2 -1.0 -0.6 -0.3 -0.3 0.1
Falls in the last year 1.1 1.5 3.2 1.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.7 1.4 0.0 1.6 -1.1 1.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.7 1.0 4.3 -1.0 -0.7 -0.9 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8 -2.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6
Number of live births 1.5 2.1 9.2 1.0 1.7 1.7 3.0 0.6 0.2 1.3 1.3 -0.6 1.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.7 2.4 6.2 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.5 0.0 1.6 -0.9 0.4
Pulse rate 4.1 6.9 10.4 1.5 2.8 2.7 3.1 2.6 3.0 0.7 3.2 -2.5 3.1
Happiness 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.8 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 0.6 -1.3 0.9
Noisy workplace 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.8 -0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.2 -0.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 1.3 2.9 9.5 0.3 1.6 1.1 0.4 2.0 3.1 -0.4 1.8 -2.1 2.0
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.9 1.0 2.1 -0.3 -0.9 -0.9 -1.4 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 -1.4 1.0 -1.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.7 1.2 2.2 -1.0 1.5 1.5 0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -0.7 0.4 -1.2 1.5
Asthma 1.1 2.2 5.9 -0.8 2.0 2.1 0.7 0.1 0.4 -0.1 1.2 -2.4 2.3
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.6 0.8 2.0 0.1 -1.2 -1.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 -0.4 1.4 -1.4
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 1.7 2.6 11.3 -3.4 -0.3 0.0 -1.5 -2.7 -1.3 -1.4 -1.2 0.1 -0.3
Depression (self-reported) 1.4 1.7 8.3 1.1 -1.0 -0.5 0.6 0.3 -1.2 2.9 -0.4 1.7 -1.1
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.3 0.4 2.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.1 -0.5 -0.5 1.5 -0.0 0.2 0.1
Prospective memory result 1.5 1.8 5.2 0.7 -2.2 -2.3 0.1 -0.3 -1.2 0.5 -0.7 1.7 -1.7
Lung cancer (father) 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.0 -0.2 0.7 -0.8 1.0
Illnesses of mother 1.5 1.8 3.5 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.6 1.8 5.1 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.4 2.3 0.1 1.2 -0.7 0.3
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 3.9 4.6 11.1 -3.0 -1.5 -1.5 -1.9 -3.3 -2.7 0.3 -2.4 1.5 -1.5
Impedance of arm (left) 0.1 0.3 0.9 -1.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1
Arm fat mass (right) 5.3 21.9 38.3 2.9 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.5 4.7 -1.2 5.5 -5.6 6.2
Trunk predicted mass 0.7 3.7 8.9 1.2 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.8 3.0 -0.5 2.0 -1.9 2.2
Standing height 0.1 1.2 4.9 -1.0 1.4 1.4 -0.4 -0.6 2.2 -0.9 -0.5 -0.7 0.4
Length of working week for main job 2.6 2.9 6.0 -0.1 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.8 -1.6 2.0 -2.5 2.1
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.8 1.1
Breastfed as a baby 0.6 0.7 6.1 0.5 -0.0 0.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.2 2.5 -0.1 0.5 0.0
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 1.6 2.7 7.6 1.1 -2.3 -2.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.7 2.8 -0.2 2.3 -1.6
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.1 1.7 6.9 1.6 -0.8 -0.5 1.0 0.4 -0.9 2.6 -0.0 1.7 -1.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.4 0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.2
Birth weight of first child 0.6 1.2 2.6 -0.7 1.6 1.2 1.5 -0.2 -1.2 -1.2 0.9 -1.0 0.6
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 2.7 6.2 12.0 1.4 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.4 3.5 0.7 3.1 -2.3 2.3
Pulse wave reflection index 4.8 5.9 9.9 -2.9 -1.9 -2.0 -2.8 -3.2 -2.9 -0.2 -3.1 1.8 -2.0
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.3 1.5 3.0 -1.6 -1.7 -1.4 -1.1 -1.7 -1.2 0.1 -1.2 0.7 -0.6
Loud music exposure frequency 0.8 0.9 4.9 -1.0 0.1 0.1 -0.8 -0.8 0.1 -2.2 -0.6 -1.2 0.5
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 1.2 1.9 4.1 0.7 1.7 2.0 0.7 1.6 1.7 0.3 1.2 -1.4 1.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 1.0 1.3 2.3 0.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.4 0.2 1.2 -1.4 1.5
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.1 -0.5 -0.6 0.5 0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.0
Medication: Paracetamol 0.5 0.8 2.9 1.7 -0.7 -0.8 1.2 0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 -0.8
Headache pain in last month 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.2 -1.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5 1.0 -0.4 0.8 -0.5
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 1.0 1.7 7.3 2.7 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 -0.4 0.4
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.2 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.9 -0.4 -1.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1
Gout (self-reported) 5.0 6.8 17.1 -3.4 -2.5 -2.4 -2.5 -4.1 -1.6 -1.3 -3.4 1.2 -1.9
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 2.4 4.6 10.3 -2.8 -1.9 -1.8 -1.4 -3.2 -2.3 -2.1 -2.1 1.3 -1.8
Medication: Amlodipine 0.6 0.9 2.0 -0.7 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -0.4 1.4 -0.4 1.4 -1.0
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.7 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 0.7 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1
Birth weight 1.5 3.3 6.2 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.1 -1.1 2.3 -2.0 1.5
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 1.4 1.7 3.1 0.2 1.4 1.2 1.8 0.9 0.5 -1.4 1.7 -1.6 1.3
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.8 1.1 2.8 -0.9 -1.1 -0.7 -1.7 -1.1 -0.7 1.2 -1.1 1.0 -0.7
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 -1.1
Body fat percentage 3.9 15.5 30.6 2.4 3.8 3.5 4.2 3.7 3.6 -0.9 4.8 -4.9 5.5
Leg fat percentage (right) 2.6 9.3 21.3 1.6 2.9 2.6 3.2 2.8 2.1 -0.8 3.8 -3.9 4.6
Arm fat-free mass (right) 1.0 5.2 10.2 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.3 3.2 -0.3 2.4 -2.2 2.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 1.0 1.4 3.3 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.8 -1.1 1.5
Comparative body size at age 10 1.1 3.2 4.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.9 2.1 1.3 -1.1 2.1 -2.0 2.2
Number of full brothers 1.2 1.5 3.3 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.4 -0.2 1.5 -1.8 1.5
Worry too long after embarrassment 1.8 3.0 6.7 2.2 1.2 1.4 2.6 2.3 1.4 0.9 2.4 -0.8 0.9
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.6 2.0 8.5 0.6 -1.6 -1.4 -0.9 0.1 -0.7 2.9 -0.9 1.8 -1.3
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.1 0.3 1.0 -0.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.9 1.0 -0.2 -0.0 0.2
Number of children fathered 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 -1.0 1.0 -1.1 1.0
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 2.8 3.2 7.1 2.7 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.7 0.5 1.5 -1.2 1.4
Age at first live birth 0.3 0.6 3.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 1.0 1.8 -1.0 0.5 -0.0 -0.4
Pulse wave peak to peak time 3.8 4.4 10.1 2.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 3.2 2.8 -0.4 2.2 -1.5 1.5
Health satisfaction 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.7 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5 1.1 0.4 -0.4 0.9
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.6 0.7 1.4 -0.9 0.8 1.1 0.5 -0.3 0.1 0.5 0.9 -1.1 1.2
Qualifications: College or University degree 4.1 13.0 26.2 2.3 4.1 3.6 2.9 4.3 5.1 0.6 4.1 -3.5 3.6
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.6 0.7 2.3 1.5 0.1 -0.2 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.1 1.0 -0.1 0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 1.5 1.7 3.6 -0.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.0 -1.4 -1.9 0.2 -1.9 1.5 -1.4
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 2.1 2.3 5.4 -2.0 -0.5 -0.6 -1.8 -2.1 -2.3 0.7 -1.9 1.1 -0.7
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.4 0.7 2.4 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.3 -1.6 1.4
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.0 1.4 5.4 2.3 -0.0 -0.0 1.3 1.7 0.3 1.6 1.0 -0.2 0.4
Medication: Blood pressure 1.0 1.7 8.4 -2.9 -0.0 0.0 -1.7 -1.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 0.1 0.0
Angina (self-reported) 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.7 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 0.4
Migraine (self-reported) 0.3 0.3 1.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7 0.3 -0.3
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.5 0.5 1.4 -0.2 -0.9 -1.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5 1.0 -1.0
Medication: Allopurinol 5.6 7.4 19.3 -4.0 -1.9 -2.0 -2.4 -4.4 -1.9 -2.0 -3.6 1.3 -2.1
Medication: Omeprazole 0.6 0.7 3.1 -1.1 0.5 0.4 -0.3 -1.0 -1.8 0.3 -1.0 0.4 -0.3
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.6 0.6 3.2 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 -0.0 1.8 0.2 -0.0 0.6
Mean time to correctly identify matches 6.6 12.5 22.6 -2.9 -4.0 -3.9 -4.8 -3.3 -3.0 -0.5 -4.2 3.5 -3.7
Heart disease (mother) 0.7 0.9 2.3 -1.5 -0.4 -0.6 -1.0 -1.2 -0.3 -1.5 -0.5 -1.0 0.6
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.5 1.8 4.5 0.5 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 -1.1 1.4
Whole body fat mass 4.0 16.7 30.8 2.5 4.1 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.1 -1.2 4.8 -5.0 5.5
Leg fat mass (right) 3.1 12.1 24.8 2.0 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.2 -1.0 4.2 -4.4 5.0
Arm predicted mass (right) 1.1 5.7 10.6 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.4 3.3 -0.3 2.5 -2.4 2.9
Pulse rate, automated reading 4.0 12.9 26.3 -0.3 4.5 4.4 3.1 2.2 2.9 -0.5 4.1 -4.8 5.1
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.4 1.0 2.2 -1.3 0.9 0.7 1.0 -0.8 0.2 -1.5 0.4 -1.2 1.1
Comparative height size at age 10 0.2 1.3 4.5 -1.4 -0.9 -0.8 -2.1 -1.3 0.5 -0.3 -1.5 0.6 -0.5
Number of full sisters 0.9 1.1 3.1 1.5 0.2 0.0 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.3 -0.5 0.6
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.5 0.8 3.4 0.8 -0.2 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.1 1.9 0.9 0.8 -0.2
Overall health rating 0.7 1.4 5.7 -1.3 -1.4 -1.3 -1.0 -1.1 -2.4 -0.9 -0.2 -0.2 0.2
Chest pain or discomfort 1.5 2.2 3.8 0.4 1.8 1.6 1.8 0.8 1.3 0.5 1.6 -1.8 2.0
Had major operations 1.3 1.5 4.4 0.1 1.6 2.1 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.2 -1.1 1.3
Age at last live birth 0.6 0.8 2.7 0.7 0.3 0.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 -1.6 1.0 -0.7 0.2
Family relationship satisfaction 0.4 0.5 1.8 1.3 -1.0 -1.0 -0.0 0.8 0.0 0.7 -0.0 0.5 -0.7
Leg pain on walking 1.6 2.0 5.6 -0.9 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 -2.2 1.2 -2.4 1.8
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 3.2 3.9 10.3 -3.1 -0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -3.2 -3.0 -2.4 -1.8 -0.1 -0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.3 0.3 0.7 -0.6 -0.3 -0.7 0.1 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 2.0 2.4 4.2 -0.1 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.5 -1.4 1.4 -2.0 1.7
Medication: Aspirin 3.0 3.9 10.8 -3.3 -1.3 -1.1 -2.5 -2.9 -2.1 -1.1 -1.8 1.0 -1.1
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.4 0.5 1.6 -1.2 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1 -0.0 0.1
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.6 4.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.7 -0.1 -1.1 -2.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.3
Hypertension (Self-reported) 1.2 3.4 10.4 -3.2 -0.6 -0.6 -1.6 -3.0 -2.4 0.4 -1.5 1.5 -0.8
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.4 0.4 1.3 -1.2 0.5 0.8 0.4 -0.7 -0.7 0.7 0.0 -0.4 0.7
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 4.0 5.6 8.4 -2.7 -2.6 -2.4 -2.8 -2.9 -2.3 -0.8 -2.5 1.7 -2.2
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.3 0.3 1.1 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.6 -0.5 -1.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.5
Smoking status: Previous 0.5 0.7 1.8 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 -1.0 -1.3 0.8 -0.7 1.3 -1.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.2 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.4 0.1 0.7 -0.5 0.4
Whole body fat-free mass 1.1 6.4 12.9 1.6 2.5 2.9 2.2 2.4 3.6 -0.8 2.6 -2.6 3.0
Leg fat-free mass (right) 1.7 9.3 16.3 1.9 3.1 3.4 2.8 2.9 4.0 -1.1 3.2 -3.3 3.6
Arm fat percentage (left) 4.6 18.2 34.5 2.4 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.1 -1.5 5.1 -5.4 5.9
Average weekly red wine intake 0.7 1.1 2.9 1.4 0.4 0.5 -0.5 1.7 1.6 1.4 0.7 -0.1 0.4
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 3.0 3.6 5.5 -1.6 -2.0 -2.0 -2.1 -1.7 -2.0 1.0 -2.3 2.1 -1.9
Mood swings 2.8 5.0 10.3 -1.0 -3.1 -3.2 -0.9 -2.3 -3.1 -0.2 -1.7 2.1 -2.4
Loneliness, isolation 0.9 1.3 4.3 -2.1 -0.7 -1.1 -0.6 -1.3 -1.4 -1.2 -0.1 -0.7 0.8
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 2.0 3.1 5.6 -1.8 -1.8 -1.6 -1.6 -2.4 -1.7 -0.3 -2.2 1.7 -1.9
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.5 0.6 2.1 1.1 -0.2 0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.4 1.5 -0.1 1.1 -0.8
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 1.0 1.6 7.4 -2.7 0.2 0.4 -0.7 -2.2 -1.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.3 0.4
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.8 0.8 2.4 1.6 -0.7 -0.7 0.5 1.1 1.4 -0.9 0.4 0.1 -0.4
Friendships satisfaction 0.9 1.1 2.5 0.8 -0.0 0.2 0.6 1.5 1.6 0.3 1.4 -1.3 1.2
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 3.5 5.4 12.5 0.8 2.8 2.8 1.3 2.3 3.5 0.4 2.1 -2.4 2.7
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 -0.4 0.3
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.0 1.1 4.5 -2.1 0.3 0.4 -1.2 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 -1.2 -0.0 -0.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.9 1.5 4.5 0.9 -1.4 -1.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 1.1 -0.9 1.8 -2.1
Medication for cholesterol 1.7 2.5 9.9 3.1 -0.4 -0.3 1.0 2.8 2.1 0.7 0.9 0.3 -0.3
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.7 0.8 3.6 -1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 -1.5 -0.9 -0.9 -0.6 -0.2 0.1
Back pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.5 -1.2 -1.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.9 -0.2 0.4
Mineral and other dietary supplements 1.6 2.1 6.7 -1.2 1.7 1.3 1.2 -0.6 0.1 -2.6 0.6 -2.0 1.5
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.7 0.8 6.6 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 2.6 0.4 0.3 0.4
Asthma (self-reported) 1.1 2.3 6.2 -0.7 2.0 2.1 0.5 0.2 0.7 -0.2 1.2 -2.5 2.4
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 4.6 5.7 11.7 -0.5 -3.2 -3.4 -0.8 -1.7 -3.2 1.0 -1.7 3.2 -2.6
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.8 1.1 2.4 1.5 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.1 1.0 -0.6 0.6
Medication: Aspirin 2.8 3.7 9.9 -3.1 -1.3 -1.0 -2.6 -2.8 -1.9 -0.8 -1.9 1.1 -1.1
Medication: Gliclazide 0.4 0.5 1.8 -1.4 0.3 0.3 -0.4 -0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.9 1.1
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 6.3 7.8 16.2 3.9 1.7 1.4 3.2 4.0 3.4 1.4 3.3 -1.6 2.0
Smoking status: Current 0.5 0.8 3.5 -1.2 -0.7 -0.9 -0.3 -1.2 -1.9 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 -0.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.4 -0.3 1.0 -0.5 0.3
Whole body water mass 1.2 6.7 12.8 1.5 2.6 3.0 2.3 2.4 3.6 -1.0 2.7 -2.7 3.0
Leg predicted mass (right) 1.7 9.3 16.3 1.9 3.1 3.4 2.8 2.9 4.0 -1.1 3.2 -3.3 3.6
Arm fat mass (left) 5.2 21.5 38.7 2.6 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.7 -1.3 5.5 -5.7 6.2
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 3.9 6.8 14.7 -3.5 -2.1 -2.1 -2.5 -3.5 -3.8 -0.4 -2.6 1.9 -1.8
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.7 -0.4
Miserableness 1.9 3.3 7.2 -0.2 -2.0 -2.0 -0.6 -1.9 -2.3 -0.0 -1.8 2.3 -2.7
Guilty feelings 0.2 0.3 2.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 1.4 -0.4 -0.5 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.1
Wears glasses or contact lenses 1.1 1.3 3.1 -0.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.3 -1.2 1.2 -1.7 1.8
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.4 0.7 0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.0
Hearing aid user 2.2 2.5 6.7 -0.0 -2.6 -2.6 -1.1 -0.8 -1.7 1.0 -1.0 1.6 -1.5
Mother’s age at death 1.5 1.9 4.2 1.1 -1.2 -1.3 -0.4 -0.3 -1.4 2.0 -1.4 2.1 -1.7
Financial situation satisfaction 1.5 1.9 4.5 -1.7 -1.3 -1.3 -2.1 -1.6 -0.9 -1.5 -1.5 -0.4 0.2
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.4 -0.3 0.0
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.6 0.7 2.3 0.9 0.1 0.2 -0.2 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.8 -0.7 0.9
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.6 0.7 3.5 -0.7 0.3 0.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -1.9 0.4 -1.2 0.7
Medication: Blood pressure 0.7 1.3 5.1 -2.3 0.1 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 -1.5 0.0 -0.8 0.2 0.2
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 3.3 4.2 6.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.4 0.8 2.3 -1.6 1.8
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.0 1.3 6.9 1.4 -0.9 -0.4 -0.3 0.9 0.5 2.6 -0.1 1.3 -0.7
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 2.5 4.4 11.4 -3.3 -1.9 -1.4 -2.3 -3.4 -2.0 0.3 -2.0 1.2 -1.0
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 1.3 2.0 6.3 -2.5 -0.4 -0.4 -1.1 -1.9 -2.5 -1.3 -0.8 0.4 -0.2
Medication: Paracetamol 0.5 0.7 3.3 1.8 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 -0.2
Medication: Lisinopril 1.1 1.5 3.8 -0.8 2.0 1.9 0.3 -0.1 1.1 -1.3 0.5 -1.3 1.3
Medication: Atorvastatin 2.2 2.7 8.6 -2.8 -0.5 -0.4 -1.2 -2.9 -2.4 -0.2 -1.4 0.9 -0.7
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 2.4 3.0 5.1 -1.9 -1.8 -1.8 -2.2 -1.9 -1.0 0.2 -2.3 1.7 -1.6
Alcohol drinker status: Never 3.9 4.6 8.4 0.0 2.6 2.3 1.6 1.2 2.3 -2.0 2.4 -2.9 2.7
Ever smoked 2.6 4.6 8.1 -1.7 -2.2 -2.3 -1.4 -2.8 -2.7 0.7 -2.2 2.3 -2.3
Basal metabolic rate 1.8 9.7 16.6 1.9 3.1 3.4 2.9 3.0 4.1 -0.9 3.4 -3.4 3.8
Leg fat percentage (left) 2.4 8.7 19.9 1.7 2.8 2.5 3.3 2.7 2.0 -0.6 3.7 -3.7 4.5
Arm fat-free mass (left) 1.6 7.9 12.2 1.6 3.1 3.4 2.8 2.6 3.3 -0.5 3.0 -3.0 3.5
Number of operations (self-reported) 2.8 4.1 7.2 0.4 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.7 2.7 -0.9 2.3 -2.3 2.4
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 1.0 1.4 3.8 -0.6 -1.9 -1.9 -0.7 -0.7 -1.4 -1.3 -0.9 0.7 -1.0
Irritability 1.4 2.4 8.5 -0.1 -2.6 -2.9 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6 -1.0 1.0 -1.5
Risk taking 1.2 1.7 4.7 1.9 -0.7 -0.6 0.1 1.1 0.3 2.2 -0.2 2.0 -1.8
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 2.3 2.7 7.7 0.8 -1.8 -1.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 2.5 -1.2 2.8 -2.1
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.8 1.0 2.1 -0.2 -1.0 -1.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.9 0.3 -1.2 1.3 -1.4
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.4 0.5 1.6 -1.3 1.0 1.0 0.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.9 -0.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.6
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.5 0.6 2.8 0.2 -0.8 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 1.7 -0.2 1.1 -0.6
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.6 0.8 2.5 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.8 1.6 -0.8 1.3 -1.0
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 1.3 1.6 3.8 1.9 -1.0 -0.7 -0.0 1.9 1.4 2.0 0.8 1.0 -0.6
Myopia 1.6 2.3 5.5 -1.4 -2.1 -2.3 -1.4 -1.7 -0.9 -1.0 -1.3 1.0 -1.4
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 1.3 3.5 12.2 3.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 3.0 2.4 0.0 1.3 -1.1 0.5
Cholesterol lowering medication 2.7 4.0 18.1 -4.3 -0.0 -0.0 -1.4 -3.5 -2.3 -0.9 -1.3 -0.2 -0.0
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.7 0.6 0.6 -0.0 -0.6 -1.2 0.7 -0.6 0.4 -0.2
Pain experienced in last month 0.8 1.3 4.7 -0.9 2.0 2.2 -0.1 -0.1 1.1 -0.5 0.1 -1.0 0.9
Supplements: Calcium 4.8 5.3 11.4 0.0 -3.1 -2.6 -1.6 -1.4 -1.8 1.9 -2.0 3.4 -3.2
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 1.7 2.0 6.5 0.9 1.0 1.4 -0.1 1.5 2.5 0.7 1.2 -1.5 1.7
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.2 1.5 7.6 -2.8 -0.0 -0.1 -1.7 -1.8 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8 -0.3 0.3
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.0 1.4 -0.3 -0.4 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.9 -0.0 0.2
Heart disease (siblings) 0.3 0.3 1.0 -0.6 0.6 1.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.0 -0.2 0.2 -1.0 0.8
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.4 1.6 4.2 -1.7 0.2 -0.1 -1.1 -1.8 -2.0 -1.2 -1.6 0.5 -0.8
Pack years of smoking 0.5 0.7 2.1 -1.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.1 -0.9 -1.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 0.2
Impedance of whole body 0.4 2.0 3.5 -1.4 -1.3 -1.9 -1.4 -1.7 -1.1 0.2 -1.7 1.1 -1.6
Leg fat mass (left) 3.1 12.2 25.3 2.0 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.2 -0.9 4.2 -4.4 5.0
Arm predicted mass (left) 1.6 8.0 12.1 1.7 3.1 3.3 2.7 2.6 3.4 -0.5 3.0 -3.0 3.5