Hub : Genes

SDHA

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.1170 0.0350 2.1e-11 0.062 0.107 0.106 0.114 0.107 4.8e-08 6.2e-13 7.4e-13 8.7e-14 5.4e-13
2 GTEx Adipose Subcutaneous 0.1030 0.0400 4.1e-05 0.086 NA 0.055 NA 0.071 1.5e-07 NA 2.5e-05 NA 1.9e-06
3 GTEx Adipose Visceral Omentum 0.0960 0.0470 6.2e-03 0.050 NA 0.042 NA 0.071 1.3e-03 NA 3.1e-03 NA 1.5e-04
4 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.1275 0.0509 1.4e-03 0.002 NA 0.033 NA 0.009 2.0e-01 NA 1.2e-03 NA 6.2e-02
5 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.2290 0.0610 9.6e-08 0.179 NA 0.128 NA 0.167 2.0e-13 NA 8.2e-10 NA 1.6e-12
6 GTEx Heart Atrial Appendage 0.1470 0.0660 1.4e-03 0.037 NA 0.002 NA 0.020 8.6e-03 NA 2.7e-01 NA 4.3e-02
7 GTEx Testis 0.3260 0.0920 6.4e-08 0.235 NA 0.181 NA 0.200 9.0e-11 NA 1.8e-08 NA 2.9e-09
8 GTEx Whole Blood 0.0530 0.0250 2.3e-03 0.008 NA 0.004 NA 0.010 5.4e-02 NA 1.2e-01 NA 3.4e-02
9 METSIM Adipose 0.0907 0.0356 4.4e-06 0.038 0.026 0.017 0.022 0.033 2.0e-06 7.6e-05 1.2e-03 2.2e-04 8.5e-06
10 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0696 0.0297 1.2e-05 0.042 0.039 0.038 0.039 0.044 4.0e-06 8.2e-06 9.1e-06 7.1e-06 2.2e-06
11 TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 0.0430 0.0229 7.5e-06 0.033 0.049 0.042 NA 0.040 1.2e-04 3.3e-06 1.4e-05 NA 2.2e-05
12 TCGA Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma 0.0550 0.0350 6.0e-03 0.016 0.003 0.002 NA 0.006 3.9e-02 2.1e-01 2.2e-01 NA 1.3e-01
13 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.0590 0.0270 4.4e-07 0.091 0.078 0.080 NA 0.083 3.8e-09 4.9e-08 3.2e-08 NA 1.8e-08

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.4 0.7 2.5 -1.0 0.9 0.7 -1.6 0.4 -1.2 0.5 -0.6 0.1 -0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.4 0.9 3.0 0.8 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7 -0.8 -0.2 -1.4 0.3 -1.0 1.7 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.5 4.3 -0.6 0.1 -0.5 -2.1 0.2 -0.5 0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.5 -0.7 0.2
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 1.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 1.3 0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.1 0.4 1.7 -0.3 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.4 -0.4 1.3 0.2 -0.2 -1.1 0.4 0.5 0.2
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.4 1.0 4.9 -1.0 0.7 -0.3 -2.2 0.9 -0.7 1.2 -0.8 0.4 0.6 1.4 -0.6 0.8
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.3 2.7 7.0 1.8 -1.4 -1.9 0.4 -1.4 0.7 -2.3 0.9 -1.3 2.6 -1.8 -1.9 -1.6
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.3 0.4 1.8 0.0 -0.6 0.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.6 -1.3 -0.4 0.1 0.8 -1.0 0.3 -0.5
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.5 1.0 6.9 -0.9 0.6 -0.1 -2.6 0.8 -0.6 0.5 -0.9 0.4 0.8 1.0 -0.4 0.7
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.3 0.4 1.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -1.3 0.6 -0.5 -0.0 -0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 -0.3 0.6
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.6 0.1 -0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.5 0.7 3.9 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -2.0 0.6 -0.8 -0.1 -0.7 0.9 1.3 0.5 -0.4 0.5
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.3 0.8 3.6 -0.9 0.6 1.0 -0.1 0.6 -1.9 -0.3 -1.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.3 0.1
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 1.0 2.4 5.6 -1.6 1.5 2.0 0.7 1.2 -2.4 1.2 -1.4 1.2 -1.8 1.4 2.1 0.7
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 1.5 2.8 8.6 -1.5 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.1 -1.5 2.1 -0.8 1.0 -2.9 1.9 1.8 0.8
Major Depression (MDD) 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6 -0.5 -0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.5 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6
Reaction Time 0.2 0.4 2.2 -1.0 0.4 0.7 1.5 -0.2 0.3 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 1.0 -0.0
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.3 0.5 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.5 -1.1 0.2 -0.8 -0.4 -0.9
Breast Cancer 4.1 9.8 25.7 3.3 -3.4 -2.4 1.9 -3.1 5.1 -2.4 4.0 -3.0 1.3 -3.5 -2.4 -3.2
Ovarian Cancer 4.0 5.3 8.8 2.8 -2.2 -2.7 0.5 -2.3 3.0 -1.6 2.6 -2.5 1.7 -2.0 -2.7 -2.3
Prostate Cancer 0.3 0.4 1.1 -0.6 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.6 -0.2 1.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.9 0.6 0.6
Age at First Birth 1.0 1.5 5.7 -0.6 1.0 0.2 -2.4 1.2 -1.6 0.4 -1.6 0.9 1.2 1.3 -0.1 1.2
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 -0.5 -0.8 0.3 -0.6 1.0 -0.7 0.9 -0.7 0.7 -0.7 -0.5 -0.7
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.6 -0.7 -0.6 1.3 -0.6 0.1 -1.2 0.6 -0.6 0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.7
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.5 2.4 7.1 -1.6 1.5 1.8 -1.0 1.5 -2.7 1.0 -1.6 1.4 -0.6 1.2 1.9 1.3
Mean Putamen Volume 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.9 -1.0 -0.8 0.3 -0.6 0.8 -0.3 0.4 -0.4 0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.3
Fasting Glucose 0.4 0.5 2.2 -0.1 0.6 0.9 1.2 -0.1 1.0 -1.5 -0.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.8 0.7 -0.1
HbA1C 2.8 3.1 7.6 -2.1 1.7 1.9 -1.0 1.6 -2.8 0.3 -2.3 1.4 -0.2 1.3 2.3 1.8
HDL Cholesterol 0.9 1.5 2.4 1.5 -1.6 -1.5 0.7 -1.4 1.2 -0.4 1.4 -1.2 0.5 -1.1 -1.4 -1.5
LDL Cholesterol 0.1 0.2 1.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 1.1 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 -0.3 0.2
Lupus 0.4 0.6 2.2 -0.9 0.8 -0.1 -1.5 0.5 -1.0 0.7 -1.0 0.3 -0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2
Neuroticism (2016) 0.6 0.8 1.6 -0.9 1.2 0.4 -1.1 1.3 -1.0 0.9 -0.9 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.1
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 1.4 2.0 3.7 -1.1 1.7 1.4 -1.9 1.6 -1.3 0.8 -1.1 1.8 -0.8 1.5 1.2 1.6
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.8 0.7 -0.1
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.2 0.5 1.8 0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -1.0 -1.2 -0.2 -0.5 1.4 -0.8 -0.3 -0.4
Triglycerides 0.2 0.4 1.5 0.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.4 1.2 0.4 0.8 -0.4 -1.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.7 0.8 1.8 -1.4 1.1 0.8 -1.0 0.8 -1.4 -0.3 -1.2 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.8
Ulcerative Colitis 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.5 0.6 0.7 -1.0 0.4 -1.0 0.8 -0.4 -0.0 -1.4 0.7 0.4 0.4
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.1 1.0 3.2 1.1 -1.0 -1.4 0.5 -0.6 0.3 -1.0 0.1 -1.1 1.8 -0.5 -1.6 -0.6
Blood Platelet Count 1.1 12.3 19.0 -3.8 4.0 3.3 -0.8 3.5 -3.9 4.3 -3.2 2.7 -3.8 4.4 3.1 3.5
Blood Red Count 0.1 0.9 2.5 -1.6 0.3 1.2 -0.7 0.8 -0.1 0.9 -0.6 1.4 0.1 0.7 1.3 0.8
Blood White Count 0.4 3.0 6.3 -2.1 1.6 1.3 -0.7 1.8 -1.4 2.4 -1.8 1.2 -1.6 2.5 1.3 1.8
Heel T-Score 0.5 4.3 7.9 2.1 -2.3 -2.2 1.1 -2.4 2.4 -1.6 2.8 -2.2 0.6 -1.9 -2.0 -2.4
BMI 1.8 10.5 15.2 -3.6 3.5 2.8 -2.9 3.9 -3.2 3.2 -3.9 3.2 -0.5 3.8 2.4 3.7
Height 3.9 75.8 106.3 -9.5 9.5 9.1 -1.7 9.1 -10.3 8.6 -8.5 8.6 -7.8 9.6 8.8 9.0
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.7 3.1 5.4 -2.3 2.2 1.7 -0.6 1.9 -1.7 1.9 -1.6 1.1 -1.5 2.2 1.6 1.7
Systolic Blood Pressure 1.6 7.9 24.6 -2.4 2.7 2.4 1.5 2.3 -1.5 5.0 -1.1 1.8 -4.7 3.6 2.2 2.1
Smoking Status 0.2 0.4 1.9 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -1.4 -0.2 -0.7 1.1 -0.9 -0.2 -0.3
Allergy or Eczema 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 -0.9 -0.6
Cardiovascular Disease 2.0 6.7 13.7 -2.2 2.9 2.5 -0.1 2.8 -0.7 3.7 -1.9 3.1 -2.8 3.5 2.2 2.8
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.9 -0.2 0.4 0.3
Respiratory disease 0.5 1.0 4.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 -1.2 1.3 0.5 0.3 -1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.1 1.4
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 1.5 2.9 4.4 -2.1 1.6 1.3 -1.9 1.9 -2.1 1.5 -2.1 1.6 -0.1 1.9 0.9 1.7
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.5 2.5 7.1 -1.8 1.4 2.4 0.7 1.2 -1.9 -0.3 -1.7 1.7 -1.2 -0.0 2.7 1.2
Lung FVC 0.2 0.9 4.0 -0.2 -1.1 -0.5 0.2 -1.1 0.6 0.5 1.7 -0.9 -2.0 0.1 -0.2 -1.0
Neuroticism 0.4 1.1 5.4 -0.7 0.6 -0.3 -2.3 0.8 -0.4 1.2 -0.8 0.5 1.1 1.4 -0.8 0.8
Chronotype (morning person) 1.6 3.6 6.9 1.9 -2.3 -2.3 1.6 -2.2 2.2 -0.0 2.6 -1.9 -0.6 -1.1 -2.1 -2.2
Hair Pigment 0.1 1.6 3.7 1.9 -1.3 -1.4 0.8 -1.3 1.5 -0.9 1.8 -0.7 -0.2 -0.7 -1.5 -1.3
Tanning 0.3 3.8 16.6 -2.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.2 -1.6 2.7 -0.5 0.9 -4.1 1.8 2.1 1.1
Hand grip strength (left) 1.8 4.6 8.5 -2.0 2.1 2.6 0.2 2.0 -2.9 1.3 -2.2 2.3 -2.6 1.7 2.6 2.0
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.5 1.1 -0.4 0.6 0.0 -0.8 0.9 -0.0 1.0 -0.8 1.0 0.4 1.0 -0.3 1.0
Average weekly spirits intake 0.6 0.7 2.6 0.8 -0.3 -0.9 -0.1 -0.5 0.8 -1.6 0.4 -0.6 1.3 -0.8 -1.0 -0.5
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 2.3 3.9 6.7 -1.8 2.1 1.4 -2.4 2.3 -1.9 2.1 -2.1 2.1 0.6 2.6 0.9 2.3
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.4 0.6 0.7 -0.7 0.6 1.0 0.3 -0.3 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.7
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.0 0.2 -0.1
Relative age of first facial hair 2.4 4.9 8.9 -2.1 2.6 2.3 0.5 2.4 -1.1 3.0 -1.6 2.3 -2.4 2.8 2.2 2.4
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.7 0.9 2.7 -0.8 0.8 0.8 -1.6 1.2 -0.6 0.7 -0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.2
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 2.4 3.1 6.1 1.6 -1.7 -1.5 1.0 -1.9 1.9 -2.5 1.3 -1.5 2.0 -2.3 -1.3 -1.7
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.2 0.2 2.3 0.2 -0.4 0.1 1.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.3
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 2.0 5.8 14.3 -2.5 2.6 2.3 0.6 2.3 -1.5 3.8 -1.6 2.0 -3.0 3.1 2.2 2.2
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 2.7 2.9 5.5 -1.1 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.8 -2.1 2.3 -1.6 1.8 -2.1 2.4 0.8 1.8
Angina 0.2 0.3 2.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.7 1.4 0.4 0.2 -0.6 0.8 -0.3 0.1
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 -0.6 1.3 -1.0 0.5 -0.7 1.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.6
Vitamin and mineral supplements 1.3 1.8 4.6 1.2 -1.4 -0.9 2.1 -1.4 1.9 -1.0 1.6 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -1.3
Supplements: Zinc 0.7 0.7 1.1 -0.9 0.9 0.6 -0.9 1.0 -1.0 0.8 -1.1 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.9
Medication: Co-codamol 1.2 1.4 5.3 0.5 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -1.1 0.5 -2.3 0.4 -1.1 2.1 -1.5 -0.7 -1.0
Medication: Metformin 3.1 4.4 6.7 -2.6 2.0 2.1 -0.1 2.2 -2.4 2.6 -1.9 1.9 -2.2 2.3 1.8 2.0
Diabetes (father) 0.2 0.2 1.6 -0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.2 -1.3 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0
Diabetes (mother) 0.6 0.8 4.3 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.0 -1.2 1.5 -0.1 0.4 -2.1 1.1 -0.2 -0.1
Severe depression (siblings) 0.8 0.9 2.4 1.2 -0.8 -1.0 0.0 -0.9 0.6 -0.9 0.6 -1.6 0.6 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.7 -0.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 0.5 -0.8 0.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.5 0.2 -0.5
Impedance of leg (right) 0.1 0.2 1.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -1.0 -0.0 -1.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.4 0.1
Leg fat-free mass (left) 3.5 18.6 25.4 -4.2 4.8 4.7 -1.0 5.0 -4.0 4.7 -4.2 4.3 -3.1 5.0 4.4 4.8
Trunk fat percentage 4.6 18.4 25.4 -4.6 4.7 4.0 -3.9 5.0 -4.5 4.1 -4.8 4.2 -1.3 4.9 3.5 5.0
Hand grip strength (right) 0.9 2.4 9.1 -1.2 1.2 1.8 0.3 1.0 -2.1 1.0 -1.1 1.2 -3.0 1.1 1.9 0.9
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.6 0.9 4.2 0.7 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 -0.6 0.0 -2.1 0.2 -0.6 1.6 -1.5 -0.0 -0.7
Current tobacco smoking 0.9 1.4 4.0 0.9 -1.1 -1.1 0.7 -1.2 0.1 -2.0 0.5 -1.4 1.4 -1.7 -1.1 -1.1
Average weekly fortified wine intake 2.6 3.0 4.9 -1.7 2.0 1.2 -0.9 1.9 -2.2 2.1 -2.1 1.6 -1.1 2.2 0.9 1.9
Maternal smoking around birth 0.5 0.7 1.6 1.1 -0.9 -1.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.8 0.7 1.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 -1.0 -0.7
Fed-up feelings 0.1 0.2 0.9 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 -1.0 0.5 0.1 0.8 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.8 -0.4 0.4
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.6 0.3 -0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 -0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7
Relative age voice broke 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.3 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.5 -0.3 0.9 -0.2 0.1 -0.8 0.7 0.4 0.4
Taking other prescription medications 1.0 1.5 4.0 -0.9 1.4 0.6 -2.0 1.4 -0.6 0.5 -1.3 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.5 1.5
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 0.6 -0.4 0.8 -0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.8 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.3 0.3 3.1 0.0 -0.3 0.1 1.8 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.9 0.1 0.2 -0.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.2 0.4 1.2 -0.6 -0.0 -0.6 -1.1 -0.1 -0.8 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -1.0 0.8 -0.5 -0.1
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.1 -0.0 0.3 -0.0 0.2
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.7 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.3 -1.1 -0.4 -0.7 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 1.0 0.3
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 4.6 5.6 7.8 -2.4 2.7 2.3 -2.2 2.7 -1.4 2.4 -2.5 2.7 -0.9 2.6 2.2 2.8
High blood pressure 0.5 1.5 3.5 -0.8 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.1 1.6 -0.8 1.9 -0.7 1.8 0.8 1.5
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.4 0.9 1.7 1.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.9 -0.8 0.1 -0.5 0.9 -1.0 0.7 -0.8 -1.3 -1.0
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.8 1.0 2.5 -0.9 0.8 1.0 -1.2 1.0 -1.6 0.2 -1.4 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.9
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 2.3 2.9 3.8 1.3 -1.9 -1.9 -0.5 -1.8 1.7 -1.8 1.5 -1.8 1.9 -1.5 -1.9 -1.8
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.3 0.4 3.1 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -1.8 0.5 -0.4 0.5 -0.6 0.3 0.7 0.4 -0.4 0.4
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.4 1.6 5.6 0.1 -1.2 -0.7 -1.4 -1.1 -0.9 -2.1 -0.1 -0.4 2.4 -1.8 -0.6 -1.0
Medication: Atenolol 1.1 1.3 4.3 0.7 -1.0 -0.6 2.1 -1.1 2.0 0.3 1.4 -1.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -1.2
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.6 1.0 2.7 0.2 0.9 1.0 -1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.0 -0.8 1.6 1.4 0.4 0.9 1.2
Sitting height 5.7 40.3 58.7 -6.2 7.1 6.4 -2.7 7.1 -6.1 6.7 -6.2 6.6 -5.1 7.7 6.0 7.1
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -1.1 -0.6 0.9 0.4 1.3 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 -0.7 -0.7
High blood pressure (mother) 3.1 4.3 7.2 2.7 -2.3 -2.5 0.6 -2.2 1.9 -1.5 1.9 -2.2 1.1 -2.1 -2.5 -2.1
Body mass index (BMI) 1.5 6.2 10.2 -2.8 2.5 2.2 -2.7 3.1 -2.4 1.8 -3.2 2.6 0.7 2.6 1.9 3.0
Impedance of leg (left) 0.1 0.4 1.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -1.3 -0.4 -1.3 -0.6 -0.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3
Leg predicted mass (left) 3.4 17.9 24.7 -4.1 4.7 4.6 -1.0 4.9 -3.9 4.7 -4.1 4.3 -3.1 5.0 4.3 4.8
Trunk fat mass 5.6 24.2 33.5 -5.2 5.5 4.8 -3.6 5.8 -5.0 4.7 -5.5 5.0 -1.8 5.6 4.3 5.7
Waist circumference 5.9 21.7 29.8 -5.3 5.2 4.5 -3.4 5.5 -4.9 4.1 -5.4 4.6 -1.1 5.1 4.1 5.3
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.6
Past tobacco smoking 0.3 0.6 1.7 -0.7 0.8 0.5 -0.2 0.7 -0.7 0.7 -0.7 0.9 -1.3 1.0 0.6 0.6
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.3 0.5 2.8 0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 1.0 1.7 0.6 -0.3 -0.3 0.5 -0.6 -0.3
Nervous feelings 1.5 2.9 6.3 -1.7 1.8 1.1 -2.5 2.0 -1.7 0.9 -2.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 0.7 2.0
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.2 0.1 -0.0 -1.2 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.5 0.0 0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.1 0.1 0.9 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 1.0 0.2 -0.3 0.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 3.2 4.0 11.1 2.7 -1.9 -1.6 1.6 -1.6 3.3 -1.8 2.1 -1.4 1.9 -2.2 -1.7 -1.5
Had menopause 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2
Had other major operations 0.3 0.4 2.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.8 -0.1 -0.2 1.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.0
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 2.0 7.8 20.3 -2.6 2.7 2.9 0.5 2.4 -3.0 3.4 -1.6 2.2 -4.5 3.2 2.9 2.4
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.1 0.3 1.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.8 -1.4 -0.0 -0.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 -0.7 -0.0
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.3 0.4 -0.5 0.3 -0.7 0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2
Qualifications: None of the above 0.3 0.7 3.1 0.9 -0.8 -1.6 -0.6 -0.8 0.1 -0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.3 -0.2 -1.8 -0.7
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.3 0.2 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.4 0.4 -0.0 1.0 -0.2 0.4 -1.0 0.5 0.4 0.4
Heart attack 0.2 0.2 1.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.0 0.3 1.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.7 -0.4 -0.1
Allergy 0.6 1.5 2.6 -1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.9 -0.6 0.6 -1.0 1.3 -1.6 0.6 1.6 1.0
Pain all over the body in last month 0.7 0.8 1.9 -0.8 1.1 1.4 -0.6 1.0 -0.0 0.4 -0.6 0.8 -0.5 0.8 1.3 1.1
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.8 1.2 2.2 -1.3 1.1 0.5 -0.4 1.3 -1.4 1.3 -1.3 1.1 -0.4 1.5 0.2 1.2
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 1.1 1.5 3.7 1.3 -1.0 -1.9 -1.1 -1.1 0.7 -0.8 1.1 -1.3 1.2 -0.7 -1.8 -1.2
Medication: Ramipril 0.3 0.4 1.0 -1.0 0.1 0.7 -0.0 0.6 -0.3 0.3 -0.7 0.8 -0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7
Medication: Simvastatin 2.7 3.9 7.7 -2.1 2.0 1.6 -0.9 2.3 -1.3 2.8 -2.0 2.1 -1.4 2.6 1.2 2.3
Fluid intelligence score 0.2 0.5 1.4 -0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 -1.2 1.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4
Illnesses of siblings 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.7 -0.7 -0.4 0.9 -0.7 1.0 -0.1 0.9 -1.0 0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7
Neuroticism score 0.9 1.9 5.3 -1.4 1.5 0.6 -2.3 1.6 -0.8 1.7 -1.3 1.2 0.6 1.9 0.2 1.5
Weight 4.5 22.3 30.2 -5.1 5.1 4.7 -2.9 5.5 -5.0 4.5 -5.2 4.9 -2.1 5.3 4.3 5.4
Impedance of arm (right) 0.2 0.9 2.7 -0.4 1.2 0.1 -0.6 0.7 -1.0 1.6 -0.5 0.2 -1.6 1.5 0.1 0.8
Arm fat percentage (right) 2.5 10.0 15.0 -3.5 3.5 2.5 -3.3 3.8 -3.5 2.8 -3.9 2.9 -0.1 3.7 2.0 3.7
Trunk fat-free mass 2.2 12.5 16.6 -3.5 3.8 3.8 -0.9 4.1 -3.8 3.5 -3.8 3.9 -2.0 4.0 3.5 3.9
Hip circumference 6.3 27.1 35.9 -5.8 5.7 5.2 -3.4 6.0 -5.9 4.7 -5.9 5.3 -1.9 5.6 4.8 5.9
Time employed in main current job 1.6 1.9 3.4 1.4 -1.8 -1.1 0.7 -1.7 0.9 -1.3 1.9 -1.4 0.1 -1.6 -1.0 -1.8
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 1.0 1.6 4.2 -1.4 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.0 -1.3 1.3 -0.8 0.8 -2.0 1.2 1.2 1.1
Father’s age at death 0.9 1.3 5.3 1.8 -0.7 -1.5 0.2 -0.6 2.3 -0.0 0.8 -0.7 0.6 -0.6 -1.6 -0.6
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.7 1.3 5.3 1.0 -0.4 -1.5 -2.3 -0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 -0.9 1.6 0.3 -1.9 -0.6
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 1.2 1.9 4.3 -1.5 1.1 1.1 -2.1 1.5 -1.4 0.8 -1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.5
Falls in the last year 0.8 1.0 3.6 -0.7 1.0 0.4 -0.5 1.1 -0.2 1.9 -0.3 0.7 -1.2 1.9 0.2 1.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.3 0.4 2.3 -0.4 0.5 -0.2 -1.5 0.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 -0.1 0.4
Number of live births 0.4 0.5 1.1 -1.0 0.8 0.7 -0.4 0.9 0.2 0.4 -0.8 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 2.9 9.9 20.8 -3.1 3.0 3.7 -0.1 2.8 -3.7 3.3 -2.1 2.8 -4.6 3.2 3.7 2.7
Pulse rate 1.0 1.6 6.6 0.4 -0.8 -0.8 0.9 -0.8 -0.4 -2.6 -0.3 -1.0 2.4 -1.8 -0.8 -0.6
Happiness 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 0.5 -0.2
Noisy workplace 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.7 -0.2 0.6 -0.4 -0.0 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.3 0.6 3.0 -0.2 0.5 0.4 -1.7 0.6 -1.2 -0.3 -0.9 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.7
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 -0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.3 0.6 1.4 -1.0 0.4 1.0 -0.9 0.3 -1.2 -0.9 -0.8 0.2 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.4
Asthma 0.2 0.4 2.4 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 -1.6 0.3 0.5 0.1 -0.3 0.1 1.3 0.6 -0.5 0.4
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.5 2.0 3.1 -1.6 1.6 1.7 -0.3 1.8 -1.2 0.2 -1.7 1.8 0.5 1.0 1.7 1.8
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.4 0.6 1.2 -0.7 0.6 0.7 -0.4 1.0 -0.3 1.1 -0.7 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.4 1.0
Depression (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 2.0 -1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.1 1.3 -1.2 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -0.4 0.5 1.1 1.2
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.2 1.4 2.6 0.7 -1.6 -1.4 -0.8 -1.3 -0.4 -1.1 0.8 -1.0 1.6 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3
Prospective memory result 1.7 2.1 5.2 1.4 -1.4 -1.2 1.0 -1.2 2.3 -1.9 1.2 -1.1 1.5 -1.7 -1.1 -1.2
Lung cancer (father) 0.2 0.2 1.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 0.5 0.3 -0.6 -1.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.3
Illnesses of mother 1.8 2.2 4.6 -2.1 1.9 1.9 0.0 1.4 -0.5 1.1 -1.3 1.3 -1.2 1.4 2.1 1.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 2.8 9.0 15.8 -2.8 3.1 3.6 -0.4 2.7 -3.5 2.8 -2.3 3.0 -4.0 2.8 3.7 2.7
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.7 0.9 2.1 -1.4 1.3 1.1 -0.0 0.8 -1.3 -0.1 -0.9 0.5 -0.9 0.5 1.1 0.8
Impedance of arm (left) 0.3 1.3 5.7 -0.6 1.4 0.4 -0.2 0.7 -0.9 1.8 -0.2 0.2 -2.4 1.7 0.4 0.8
Arm fat mass (right) 3.7 15.3 22.2 -4.2 4.3 3.6 -3.4 4.7 -4.1 3.5 -4.6 4.0 -0.6 4.5 3.1 4.6
Trunk predicted mass 2.1 12.1 16.1 -3.5 3.7 3.8 -0.9 4.0 -3.8 3.5 -3.7 3.8 -1.9 3.9 3.5 3.9
Standing height 3.3 32.4 43.1 -5.3 6.3 5.9 -1.4 6.1 -6.2 6.3 -5.2 5.6 -5.6 6.6 5.7 6.0
Length of working week for main job 1.7 1.9 5.6 1.1 -1.4 -0.8 0.2 -1.4 0.2 -2.4 1.2 -1.4 1.7 -2.2 -0.7 -1.4
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.5 0.5 1.2 -0.0 -0.7 -0.5 1.0 -0.8 -0.1 -1.0 0.6 -1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.9
Breastfed as a baby 0.8 0.9 2.1 0.5 -1.4 -0.6 0.8 -1.4 0.0 -0.3 1.3 -1.0 -0.6 -1.2 -0.4 -1.4
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.2 0.4 1.9 -0.6 0.3 -0.1 -1.4 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 1.1 -0.0 0.3
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.9 1.3 7.8 0.9 -0.2 -0.4 -2.3 0.2 0.8 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 2.8 -0.7 -0.8 0.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.7 1.8 5.0 0.9 -1.1 -1.4 0.2 -1.4 0.6 -2.2 0.6 -1.5 1.8 -1.7 -1.3 -1.3
Birth weight of first child 0.3 0.6 2.7 0.2 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.6 0.3 0.2 -1.6 1.2 -0.1 0.3
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 1.5 3.4 11.3 -1.5 1.2 2.0 -0.7 1.4 -2.4 1.7 -1.0 1.8 -3.4 1.8 2.2 1.4
Pulse wave reflection index 0.9 1.1 5.4 -0.9 1.3 1.1 -0.0 0.6 -0.7 1.4 -0.4 0.1 -2.3 0.8 1.0 0.5
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.3 0.3 2.1 0.1 -0.0 -0.6 -1.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 0.5 -0.6 0.3
Loud music exposure frequency 0.4 0.4 2.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.7 -0.4 0.3 -0.1 1.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.3
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.2 -0.7 0.0 0.8 -0.6 0.7 -0.1 0.9 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.6 -1.1 -1.0 0.9 -0.8 0.5 -0.1 1.0 -0.8 0.4 -0.5 -1.0 -0.8
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.0
Medication: Paracetamol 0.3 0.5 1.8 0.8 -0.6 -0.5 0.6 -0.3 1.3 -0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3
Headache pain in last month 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.4 -1.1 -0.6 0.7 -1.0 1.1 -0.4 1.2 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -1.0
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.5 0.8 3.7 0.7 -0.7 -0.5 0.3 -1.0 0.1 -1.9 0.6 -1.1 0.6 -1.3 -0.3 -1.0
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.7 2.1 3.6 -1.4 1.9 1.4 0.2 1.6 -1.0 1.9 -0.9 1.2 -1.3 1.8 1.4 1.6
Gout (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 1.6 -0.2 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.0 -0.5 0.5 0.3 -0.1
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.3 0.5 2.9 0.5 0.3 0.2 -1.0 0.6 0.9 -0.0 -0.4 0.9 1.7 0.2 -0.0 0.5
Medication: Amlodipine 1.3 1.8 4.8 1.9 -0.8 -1.9 1.3 -0.9 2.2 0.6 1.2 -0.7 1.0 -0.2 -2.1 -0.7
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 -1.0 0.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.8 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.4
Birth weight 1.3 2.8 5.2 -1.8 0.9 1.0 -1.6 1.6 -2.3 1.8 -1.7 1.9 -1.4 2.3 1.2 1.6
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -1.1 0.4 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.4
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.2
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 2.3 8.3 17.0 -2.6 3.0 3.2 -0.2 2.6 -3.2 3.2 -2.0 2.7 -4.1 3.1 3.2 2.6
Body fat percentage 4.0 15.9 22.2 -4.4 4.4 3.6 -3.8 4.7 -4.4 3.4 -4.7 3.9 -0.6 4.4 3.1 4.6
Leg fat percentage (right) 2.7 9.7 16.2 -3.5 3.3 2.5 -3.6 3.7 -3.7 2.0 -4.0 3.0 0.8 3.1 2.0 3.6
Arm fat-free mass (right) 2.4 12.4 16.8 -3.7 3.7 4.1 -1.2 4.0 -3.5 3.4 -3.5 3.8 -2.1 3.7 3.9 3.9
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 3.3 4.4 8.0 2.5 -1.8 -2.3 -0.8 -1.8 1.6 -2.8 1.2 -1.9 2.8 -2.4 -2.5 -1.7
Comparative body size at age 10 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.5 -0.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.8 -0.4 -0.0 0.5 0.3
Number of full brothers 0.3 0.4 2.5 -0.3 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.1 -0.4 0.8 -0.1 0.1 -1.6 0.7 0.2 0.1
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.3 0.5 2.5 -0.4 0.8 0.2 -0.9 0.7 0.1 1.6 -0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.1 0.6
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.9 1.1 6.6 -0.4 0.3 0.4 -2.6 0.7 -0.5 -1.0 -0.9 0.9 2.0 -0.2 0.3 0.6
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.5 1.0 4.7 0.8 -0.8 -1.2 -1.3 -0.1 1.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.5 2.2 0.2 -1.4 -0.0
Number of children fathered 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.1 -0.7 -0.7 -1.1 -0.7 -0.1 -1.0 0.2 -0.5 0.7 -1.0 -0.7 -0.6
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.0 1.2 3.3 -0.7 1.4 1.1 -0.6 1.1 0.4 1.8 -0.5 0.9 -1.5 1.3 1.0 1.0
Age at first live birth 0.7 1.2 3.5 -0.4 1.2 1.0 -0.4 1.0 -0.1 1.9 -0.0 0.5 -1.5 1.9 0.9 1.0
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -0.3 0.7 0.4 0.5 -0.0 0.7 -0.1 -0.7 -0.3
Health satisfaction 0.8 1.0 1.7 -0.7 0.9 0.2 -1.2 1.3 -0.5 1.1 -1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 -0.1 1.3
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 1.3 1.0 0.7 -0.4 -0.4 0.4 -0.6 -0.0
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.2 0.5 1.1 -0.4 0.6 1.0 -0.1 1.0 -0.9 -0.4 -0.8 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.9
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.0 1.0 -0.4 0.5 -1.4 0.0 -0.4 1.1 -0.9 0.2 -0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 0.6 -0.6 0.6 -1.0 0.2 -0.6 0.4 -1.0 -0.1 -0.6
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.2 0.3 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.5 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.2
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.4 0.6 5.4 -0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.8 0.8 -0.1 -0.2 -2.3 0.2 0.8 -0.1
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.2 0.4 1.6 0.6 -0.2 -0.8 -0.2 -0.0 1.3 0.5 0.3 -0.2 0.8 0.5 -0.9 0.1
Medication: Blood pressure 1.2 2.1 5.1 -1.3 1.5 1.3 -0.1 1.6 -0.5 2.3 -1.1 2.0 -0.8 1.9 1.2 1.7
Angina (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 1.6 -0.1 -0.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.7 -0.4 0.1
Migraine (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 1.9 -0.8 0.9 0.4 -1.4 0.8 -1.3 0.0 -1.3 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8
Medication: Ibuprofen 2.6 3.1 4.8 -1.9 2.1 2.2 -0.5 2.1 -1.7 1.0 -1.9 2.0 -0.7 1.5 2.1 2.1
Medication: Allopurinol 0.3 0.4 1.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 1.4 0.1 0.6 1.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 -0.0 -0.1
Medication: Omeprazole 2.7 3.3 5.2 2.0 -2.0 -1.8 0.4 -1.8 2.3 -1.4 2.2 -1.8 1.9 -1.5 -1.9 -1.9
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 -1.2 0.4 -0.5 1.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.5
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.3 0.5 1.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 0.5 -0.9 0.8 -1.2 0.4 -0.8 0.5 -1.1 -0.2 -0.8
Heart disease (mother) 1.5 1.9 3.2 1.8 -1.3 -1.6 1.4 -1.2 1.8 0.2 1.7 -1.4 -0.4 -0.6 -1.6 -1.4
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -0.3 -0.9 0.9 -0.9 0.9 -1.0 1.2 -0.9 -1.1 -1.1
Whole body fat mass 5.1 21.2 29.9 -5.0 5.2 4.4 -3.7 5.5 -5.0 4.0 -5.4 4.7 -1.1 5.1 3.9 5.4
Leg fat mass (right) 4.2 16.3 23.7 -4.4 4.5 3.9 -3.4 4.8 -4.4 3.1 -4.9 4.2 -0.2 4.3 3.4 4.8
Arm predicted mass (right) 2.3 11.7 15.2 -3.6 3.6 3.9 -1.3 3.9 -3.6 3.2 -3.5 3.8 -1.9 3.6 3.7 3.7
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.7 2.4 11.5 1.4 -1.0 -1.1 0.1 -0.9 0.9 -2.6 0.3 -0.9 3.4 -1.8 -1.3 -0.8
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.5 0.6 -0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.2 0.4 0.0 -0.5 0.6 -0.0
Comparative height size at age 10 2.3 12.8 19.1 -3.3 3.8 3.6 -1.2 3.7 -3.2 4.4 -3.1 3.7 -4.1 4.2 3.5 3.7
Number of full sisters 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.8 -1.1 -0.6 1.0 -0.7 0.5 -1.1 0.6 -0.3 0.7 -1.2 -0.6 -0.6
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.4 0.7 2.3 0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 1.2 -1.5 -0.0 0.1 1.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.1
Overall health rating 0.2 0.4 3.7 -0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.4 0.3 1.9 0.5 -0.2 0.5
Chest pain or discomfort 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.4 -0.5 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 1.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.5 0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1
Had major operations 0.6 0.7 2.3 1.1 -0.4 -1.1 0.5 -0.3 1.0 -0.9 0.2 -0.5 1.5 -0.4 -1.2 -0.1
Age at last live birth 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.4 -0.1 -0.4 0.9 0.3 0.5
Family relationship satisfaction 0.5 0.6 1.4 -0.6 1.0 1.2 -0.4 0.8 -0.8 0.5 -0.6 0.3 -0.8 0.6 1.2 0.8
Leg pain on walking 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.8 -1.0 -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.1
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.3 0.3 1.2 -0.0 -0.0 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.1 -0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 1.0 0.3
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 1.6 1.8 4.2 -1.3 1.4 2.1 -0.0 1.5 -1.7 0.1 -1.5 1.7 0.1 0.6 1.9 1.4
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.7 0.7 -0.6 0.1 -0.5 0.3 -0.6 0.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.8
Medication: Aspirin 0.3 0.4 2.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -1.2 0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.9 0.6 1.4 -0.0 -0.5 0.4
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.6 0.7 1.9 -1.0 1.0 0.6 -0.5 0.8 -0.6 1.4 -0.7 0.6 -0.8 1.0 0.5 0.8
Knee pain experienced in last month 1.2 1.9 6.6 -0.9 1.0 0.5 -2.6 1.4 -1.8 0.2 -1.8 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.3 1.5
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.3 0.7 2.1 -0.0 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 -0.3 1.4 -0.4 1.3 0.3 1.0
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 2.5 2.9 4.5 1.9 -1.9 -1.9 0.2 -1.8 1.7 -1.4 1.7 -1.5 2.1 -1.4 -2.0 -1.8
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.7 0.9 1.7 1.0 -1.0 -1.1 1.3 -1.0 1.2 -0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.3 -0.7 -1.1 -0.9
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.0 -0.2 -0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.2 -0.0
Smoking status: Previous 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.6 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 3.7 7.8 10.7 -2.5 3.3 2.9 -0.7 3.0 -2.9 3.0 -2.6 2.7 -2.8 3.2 2.8 2.9
Whole body fat-free mass 2.7 15.5 20.7 -3.9 4.3 4.3 -1.0 4.5 -4.0 4.1 -4.0 4.1 -2.5 4.5 4.0 4.4
Leg fat-free mass (right) 3.1 16.5 22.4 -4.0 4.5 4.5 -0.8 4.6 -3.7 4.5 -3.9 4.0 -3.2 4.7 4.3 4.4
Arm fat percentage (left) 2.6 10.5 15.0 -3.7 3.6 2.7 -3.2 3.9 -3.5 2.8 -3.9 3.0 -0.3 3.8 2.3 3.7
Average weekly red wine intake 0.4 0.6 1.2 -0.5 1.0 0.8 -0.8 1.1 -0.3 0.6 -0.8 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.9
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.7 0.8 2.1 -1.0 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.9 -0.9 0.4 -0.6 1.0 -0.4 0.3 1.4 0.8
Mood swings 0.4 0.7 4.3 -1.0 0.7 0.2 -2.1 0.7 -0.4 0.9 -0.4 0.2 0.6 0.9 -0.0 0.6
Loneliness, isolation 1.6 2.3 4.1 -1.7 1.4 1.7 -0.7 1.7 -1.4 1.1 -1.9 2.0 -0.3 1.2 1.7 1.8
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 1.9 2.9 6.3 -1.4 1.5 1.4 -2.5 2.0 -0.8 0.7 -1.9 1.9 2.2 1.4 1.2 2.0
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.5 0.6 1.9 0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -1.4 -0.5 0.7 -0.6 0.5 -0.6 0.9 -0.3 -1.0 -0.6
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 1.7 2.8 5.2 -2.0 1.6 1.3 -0.9 1.9 -2.3 1.6 -2.1 1.7 -0.4 1.9 1.0 1.7
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.4 1.1 -0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.8 -0.4 0.5
Friendships satisfaction 0.4 0.5 1.3 -0.4 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.5 -1.0 0.0 -0.6 0.5 -0.3 0.0 1.2 0.5
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.6 0.9 6.9 -0.0 0.4 -0.1 -1.4 0.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.8 0.7 2.6 0.0 -0.3 0.8
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 1.4 1.5 3.1 1.0 -1.4 -1.1 1.0 -1.4 1.4 -0.5 1.8 -1.5 -0.7 -1.2 -1.0 -1.5
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.1 0.3 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 -0.5 1.0 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 1.0 1.6 4.7 1.8 -0.8 -1.3 0.4 -0.6 2.2 -1.1 1.2 -0.7 1.7 -0.8 -1.5 -0.6
Medication for cholesterol 0.3 0.4 2.3 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -1.1 -0.3 -1.5 -0.3 -0.0 -0.5 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.2 -0.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1
Back pain experienced in last month 3.3 4.8 7.4 -2.6 2.1 1.9 -1.8 2.5 -1.8 2.2 -2.5 2.5 -0.7 2.7 1.8 2.6
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.8 1.1 6.3 0.7 -0.7 0.1 2.5 -1.0 0.9 -1.1 1.1 -0.9 -0.8 -1.1 0.4 -0.9
Breast cancer (self-reported) 1.3 1.6 3.0 -0.7 1.7 1.2 -0.2 1.5 -1.3 1.1 -1.1 1.3 -1.6 1.4 1.2 1.5
Asthma (self-reported) 0.3 0.6 2.6 1.0 -0.6 -0.6 -1.5 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 1.6 0.3 -0.8 0.2
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 1.1 -0.5 0.7 1.0 -0.8 0.9 -0.8 -0.3 -1.0 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.9
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 1.8 1.2 -0.9 -1.2 0.3 -0.7 1.0 -0.7 0.6 -0.9 1.2 -0.7 -1.4 -0.7
Medication: Aspirin 0.3 0.4 1.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -1.3 0.2 -0.9 -0.2 -0.9 0.5 1.0 0.1 -0.4 0.4
Medication: Gliclazide 1.2 1.4 2.6 -0.8 1.5 0.9 -1.3 1.6 -1.0 0.9 -1.6 1.3 -0.5 1.2 0.4 1.5
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.8 1.0 2.5 -0.9 0.9 0.3 -1.2 1.2 -1.2 0.2 -1.6 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.1 1.2
Smoking status: Current 0.6 0.9 3.0 0.6 -0.8 -1.0 0.4 -0.8 -0.0 -1.7 0.1 -1.2 1.4 -1.3 -1.0 -0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 1.3 2.8 5.9 -2.1 1.5 1.7 -0.7 1.2 -2.2 1.4 -1.4 1.6 -2.4 1.6 1.8 1.2
Whole body water mass 2.8 16.0 21.0 -4.0 4.3 4.3 -1.0 4.6 -4.0 4.2 -4.1 4.2 -2.6 4.5 4.1 4.4
Leg predicted mass (right) 3.2 16.8 22.8 -4.0 4.5 4.5 -0.8 4.7 -3.7 4.5 -3.9 4.1 -3.2 4.8 4.4 4.5
Arm fat mass (left) 3.8 15.5 22.5 -4.3 4.4 3.7 -3.3 4.7 -4.2 3.4 -4.6 4.0 -0.7 4.4 3.3 4.6
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.8 1.4 4.1 -0.4 0.9 -0.2 -1.6 1.4 0.2 1.9 -0.9 1.2 1.0 2.0 -0.6 1.3
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 2.2 3.1 5.1 1.9 -1.7 -2.2 -1.2 -1.5 1.2 -1.7 1.3 -1.7 2.3 -1.9 -2.3 -1.6
Miserableness 0.3 0.5 2.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -1.7 0.3 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.0 1.6 0.1 -0.4 0.2
Guilty feelings 0.3 0.5 2.0 0.7 -0.4 -1.1 -0.1 -0.1 1.2 0.3 0.5 -0.2 0.7 0.7 -1.4 -0.1
Wears glasses or contact lenses 1.8 2.0 3.7 1.4 -1.3 -1.6 0.1 -1.4 0.8 -1.8 1.0 -1.6 1.9 -1.6 -1.7 -1.4
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.7 0.8 3.1 -1.0 0.7 1.0 -1.0 0.7 -1.8 0.1 -0.8 1.1 -0.1 0.5 1.0 0.7
Hearing aid user 2.2 2.5 6.9 1.7 -1.6 -1.6 0.4 -1.6 2.6 -0.8 1.8 -1.4 1.6 -1.2 -1.4 -1.5
Mother’s age at death 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 0.5 0.1 -0.4 0.3 0.5 -1.1 -0.1
Financial situation satisfaction 1.2 1.4 2.9 -1.0 1.4 1.6 0.4 1.6 -0.3 0.7 -1.0 1.5 -0.6 1.1 1.6 1.7
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.2 0.3 2.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.6 -0.8 -0.5 0.3 1.4 -0.3 -0.0 0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 1.7 2.0 4.1 1.8 -1.3 -1.7 0.3 -1.6 1.6 -0.8 1.5 -2.0 -0.0 -0.9 -1.6 -1.6
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 1.9 2.2 4.9 -1.5 1.8 1.6 0.7 1.5 -0.5 2.2 -0.7 1.4 -1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4
Medication: Blood pressure 0.9 1.7 4.1 1.5 -1.5 -1.6 1.0 -1.2 2.0 -0.9 1.2 -0.9 0.4 -0.9 -1.8 -1.2
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 1.1 1.4 3.6 -1.2 1.2 0.8 -0.8 1.3 -0.6 1.6 -1.1 1.4 -0.8 1.9 0.7 1.4
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.6 2.0 4.9 -1.6 1.4 0.9 -1.9 1.6 -1.1 2.2 -1.4 1.4 -0.3 1.7 0.6 1.5
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.5 0.9 1.9 -0.9 1.2 0.7 -0.6 1.4 0.2 0.9 -1.1 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.4 1.3
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.5 0.8 2.0 0.6 -1.1 -1.0 0.6 -0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 -0.5 -1.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.8
Medication: Paracetamol 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.7 -0.3 -0.5 0.6 -0.1 0.8 -0.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.0 -0.7 -0.0
Medication: Lisinopril 0.3 0.3 1.6 -0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 -1.3 0.1 -0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.6
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.9 1.1 2.3 -1.0 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.3 0.0 -0.0 -1.1 1.3 0.1 0.6 1.4 1.3
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.3 1.4 0.8 1.0 -0.4 -1.4 0.2 0.4 -0.2
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.5 -0.9 -0.3 1.5 -0.8 0.6 -0.4 0.8 0.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.1 -0.8
Ever smoked 1.0 1.7 3.6 1.4 -1.4 -1.0 0.3 -1.4 0.8 -1.3 1.3 -1.9 1.2 -1.9 -1.0 -1.4
Basal metabolic rate 3.5 19.1 25.6 -4.4 4.7 4.7 -1.5 5.1 -4.5 4.4 -4.6 4.6 -2.6 4.9 4.4 4.9
Leg fat percentage (left) 2.3 8.4 14.0 -3.4 2.9 2.2 -3.6 3.3 -3.6 1.8 -3.7 2.7 0.7 2.9 1.8 3.2
Arm fat-free mass (left) 2.5 12.7 16.6 -3.7 3.6 4.0 -1.4 4.1 -3.9 3.4 -3.9 4.0 -1.8 3.7 3.7 4.0
Number of operations (self-reported) 1.3 1.9 6.0 1.1 -1.3 -1.4 -0.2 -1.1 1.4 -2.0 0.8 -1.0 2.4 -1.2 -1.5 -1.0
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.5 -1.3 -1.3 -0.5 -1.1 0.3 -0.0 1.2 -1.1 -0.3 -0.2 -1.3 -1.1
Irritability 1.1 1.9 4.0 -1.4 1.4 1.7 0.8 1.3 -0.9 2.0 -0.5 1.0 -1.3 1.6 1.8 1.2
Risk taking 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.8 0.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.7 -0.5 -0.7 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 -1.2 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.2 -0.0 -0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.1
Age started oral contraceptive pill 2.4 3.0 5.9 -2.4 1.6 2.2 -1.5 1.6 -1.0 1.6 -1.4 1.9 -1.2 1.5 2.3 1.7
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.0 3.1 7.8 -1.8 1.5 1.7 -0.0 1.4 -1.7 2.8 -1.3 1.3 -2.7 2.1 1.7 1.3
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.8 1.0 4.3 0.7 -0.6 -1.2 -1.4 -0.4 0.2 -1.2 -0.0 -0.7 2.1 -0.7 -1.4 -0.2
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.5 0.7 3.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -1.7 -0.1 0.7 -1.1 0.0 0.2 1.8 -0.5 -0.6 -0.1
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 1.2 1.5 3.2 -1.2 1.0 1.1 -1.6 1.1 -1.8 0.4 -1.6 1.5 -0.1 0.6 1.2 1.2
Myopia 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 -0.9 -0.3 0.7 -0.0 -0.1
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.3 0.8 2.5 0.3 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7 -1.6 0.2 -1.3 0.9 -1.5 -0.2 -1.0
Cholesterol lowering medication 2.9 4.3 6.9 -2.6 2.6 2.0 -0.1 2.5 -1.1 1.7 -2.3 2.4 -1.0 2.6 1.7 2.5
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 3.6 4.4 5.8 2.3 -2.4 -2.3 0.4 -2.3 2.3 -1.3 2.4 -2.0 2.3 -1.7 -2.4 -2.2
Pain experienced in last month 0.6 1.0 3.0 1.2 -0.9 -0.2 1.7 -1.0 -0.0 -1.2 0.8 -0.9 -0.1 -1.6 -0.2 -1.1
Supplements: Calcium 1.3 1.4 5.6 -0.4 1.0 0.3 -1.9 1.4 -0.4 -0.0 -1.5 1.1 2.4 0.5 0.0 1.4
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 2.1 -0.9 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.3 -1.1 -0.2 -0.7 0.4 -0.8 -0.5 1.4 0.3
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.3 -0.2 0.3 1.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.7 0.6 -0.5 -0.2
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3
Heart disease (siblings) 0.6 0.7 2.1 -0.8 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.8 -0.9 0.1 -0.8 0.8 -1.5 1.2 0.4 0.8
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.5 0.6 1.8 -0.7 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.8 1.3 0.7 -0.5 1.4 0.5
Pack years of smoking 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.7 -0.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.7 -0.7 0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.2 -0.6
Impedance of whole body 0.1 0.4 1.9 -0.3 0.7 0.1 -0.8 0.1 -1.0 0.8 -0.0 -0.0 -1.4 0.7 0.1 0.2
Leg fat mass (left) 4.3 16.6 24.1 -4.5 4.5 3.9 -3.4 4.8 -4.5 3.1 -4.9 4.2 -0.4 4.4 3.5 4.7
Arm predicted mass (left) 2.3 11.4 14.9 -3.5 3.4 3.7 -1.4 3.9 -3.8 3.2 -3.6 3.8 -1.6 3.5 3.5 3.7