Hub : Genes

SGCD

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.2120 0.0520 1.8e-06 0.002 0.055 0.048 0.062 0.031 1.7e-01 3.0e-07 1.4e-06 4.6e-08 9.8e-05
2 GTEx Adrenal Gland 0.3561 0.1026 1.2e-04 0.216 NA 0.142 NA 0.264 2.8e-08 NA 8.9e-06 NA 5.3e-10
3 GTEx Artery Aorta 0.2580 0.0610 5.0e-08 0.087 NA 0.184 NA 0.170 1.6e-05 NA 2.2e-10 NA 1.1e-09
4 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.1212 0.0439 3.0e-04 0.033 NA 0.035 NA 0.036 1.2e-03 NA 9.7e-04 NA 7.8e-04
5 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.1930 0.0420 2.6e-08 0.067 NA 0.172 NA 0.183 9.4e-06 NA 7.0e-13 NA 1.1e-13
6 GTEx Thyroid 0.3630 0.0560 1.2e-12 0.281 NA 0.282 NA 0.277 1.0e-21 NA 8.7e-22 NA 2.2e-21
7 METSIM Adipose 0.0854 0.0314 9.2e-04 0.025 0.028 0.036 0.038 0.032 8.7e-05 4.2e-05 3.0e-06 1.9e-06 1.2e-05
8 YFS Blood 0.0277 0.0105 1.4e-03 0.019 0.009 0.014 0.012 0.014 4.1e-07 4.6e-04 1.1e-05 6.9e-05 1.3e-05
9 TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 0.0380 0.0174 5.0e-03 0.008 0.011 0.009 NA 0.015 3.6e-02 1.9e-02 2.8e-02 NA 7.1e-03
10 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.0659 0.0241 4.8e-05 0.044 0.046 0.038 NA 0.051 8.5e-06 5.0e-06 3.8e-05 NA 1.8e-06
11 TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma 0.0522 0.0193 2.7e-04 0.038 0.039 0.009 NA 0.035 2.6e-05 2.1e-05 3.0e-02 NA 5.6e-05
12 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.1030 0.0340 2.0e-04 0.099 0.053 0.099 NA 0.098 6.7e-10 6.9e-06 6.8e-10 NA 8.2e-10

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.6 1.0 5.2 -2.3 1.7 1.1 0.0 0.5 -0.2 0.7 -0.9 0.0 -0.0 0.6 -0.2
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 1.5 3.6 11.5 -0.7 2.7 3.4 2.1 2.2 1.1 -1.1 -1.0 1.4 2.1 2.2 0.5
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 1.2 2.4 5.1 -1.0 -1.5 -1.4 -2.0 -1.4 -0.9 1.3 -0.4 -2.2 -2.2 -2.2 -0.6
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.5 0.7 3.6 -1.9 -0.8 0.8 0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.6 -1.0 -0.0 -1.4 -0.0
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.6 2.0 4.7 0.7 -1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -1.2 -1.1 0.2 1.7 -2.2 -1.4 -1.5 -0.9
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 1.2 2.8 5.2 -1.2 -1.5 -2.2 -2.2 -2.0 -0.3 1.3 1.6 -2.1 -2.3 -1.5 -0.0
Schizophrenia (2018) 2.2 4.5 12.5 0.9 2.0 3.5 2.7 2.5 1.6 -1.9 -0.5 1.8 2.7 2.3 0.8
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 1.0 1.3 2.8 1.7 1.2 0.0 1.0 0.3 1.7 -0.5 0.4 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.0
Worry (Nagel 2018) 2.0 4.2 8.6 -2.0 -1.9 -2.6 -2.8 -2.2 -0.7 1.4 1.1 -2.9 -2.7 -2.0 -0.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 1.0 1.1 3.4 -1.4 1.8 -0.8 -0.5 -1.4 -0.1 1.5 1.2 0.4 -0.8 0.6 -0.6
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.4 0.8 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 1.0 0.1 0.5 -0.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.6 0.9 1.8 -1.2 0.8 -1.0 -0.9 -1.1 -0.5 1.4 1.2 0.5 -1.3 0.5 -0.6
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.3 0.7 1.4 1.2 -0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 -0.9 -1.2 0.8 0.5 -0.7 0.3
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.4 0.9 2.5 1.6 -1.0 1.2 1.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -1.4 0.7 0.8 -0.5 -0.8
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.7 1.4 3.2 1.4 -1.3 1.4 1.4 -1.3 -1.2 0.1 -1.8 0.2 1.1 0.1 -0.9
Major Depression (MDD) 1.7 2.1 6.9 -1.0 1.3 -0.2 0.4 -0.7 2.6 1.4 -1.3 1.6 0.5 1.6 2.4
Reaction Time 0.9 1.8 6.2 0.9 -0.9 -1.8 -1.1 -2.3 -0.2 2.5 -1.5 -1.0 -0.9 0.2 0.1
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.9 2.3 5.2 0.0 -1.8 -2.3 -1.4 -1.9 -1.5 0.9 1.0 -2.1 -1.1 -1.3 -1.4
Breast Cancer 0.2 0.4 1.4 1.0 -0.8 0.8 0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.5 -1.2 0.2 0.9 0.3
Ovarian Cancer 0.7 0.9 2.7 1.2 -1.0 1.4 1.2 -0.4 -0.6 1.7 -0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 -0.4
Prostate Cancer 0.3 0.4 1.9 1.4 -1.3 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.6 -0.2 -0.0
Age at First Birth 1.7 2.4 7.5 0.1 -1.1 -2.7 -1.7 -2.0 -0.6 0.8 1.0 -2.7 -1.5 -1.4 -0.2
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.6 0.6 2.0 -1.0 -0.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 -0.8 1.4
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.3 -0.5 0.6 -0.2 0.4 -0.1 1.5
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 2.7 3.2 8.3 0.7 -1.4 -2.2 -2.5 -1.8 0.4 1.3 -1.0 -2.9 -2.8 -1.6 0.5
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.1 1.8 5.5 2.2 0.4 0.2 0.9 2.0 0.9 -2.4 0.7 2.0 0.8 0.7 0.2
Mean Putamen Volume 0.5 0.6 1.7 -0.2 -1.0 0.4 -0.0 -0.8 -1.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.8 0.6 -0.8 -1.0
Fasting Glucose 1.1 1.3 6.2 1.2 -1.3 0.3 0.8 -1.1 0.5 2.5 -1.3 -0.4 0.5 -1.1 1.0
HbA1C 0.5 0.6 3.4 1.3 -0.6 -0.3 0.6 -1.8 -0.2 0.7 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.6 -0.2
HDL Cholesterol 0.4 0.7 3.2 -1.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -1.8 0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -1.4
LDL Cholesterol 0.9 1.5 3.5 0.2 0.3 -0.3 -1.3 0.6 1.7 1.9 1.3 -1.6 -1.1 -0.8 1.7
Lupus 0.6 1.0 4.8 -0.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 -1.6 -1.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.4 -2.2
Neuroticism (2016) 0.3 0.5 2.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.0 1.1 1.5 -0.0 -0.7 0.5 0.0
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.3 0.4 1.7 -1.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -1.1 -0.8
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.6 0.8 2.2 -0.1 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 -0.3
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.7 1.5 4.9 -0.5 2.0 2.2 0.9 1.7 1.0 -1.1 -0.2 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.1
Triglycerides 1.9 3.0 8.7 -1.3 -0.1 -1.7 -2.5 1.5 3.0 -0.7 -0.3 -1.9 -1.9 -1.0 2.3
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.6 0.6 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 0.3 -0.3 0.3
Ulcerative Colitis 0.8 1.1 3.0 1.7 -0.5 0.1 1.6 -1.4 0.6 -0.9 -0.6 0.9 1.6 0.9 0.5
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.1 1.1 4.6 2.1 -0.7 -1.0 0.3 -0.3 1.3 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.3 -0.2 1.6
Blood Platelet Count 0.9 10.2 32.1 1.5 1.3 5.7 4.6 2.6 1.2 -2.8 -0.4 4.1 5.0 2.6 0.5
Blood Red Count 0.1 1.1 4.4 2.1 -0.1 -0.7 -0.0 1.3 1.7 -0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.2 1.8
Blood White Count 1.9 14.0 30.2 0.5 3.3 5.5 4.6 5.1 2.7 -3.1 0.5 4.8 4.8 3.2 2.1
Heel T-Score 0.2 1.7 6.8 1.3 -1.5 -0.9 0.1 -2.6 -2.3 0.3 0.0 0.5 -0.4 0.6 -1.7
BMI 1.7 9.6 20.8 2.4 4.4 3.5 3.9 2.7 1.9 -2.2 1.0 4.6 3.5 3.6 0.9
Height 0.2 3.4 9.3 0.2 -3.0 0.9 0.6 -2.1 -2.6 1.9 1.7 -1.2 0.5 -2.1 -2.6
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 1.3 5.9 11.3 -0.9 3.4 2.9 3.1 1.3 0.3 -3.3 -1.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 0.7
Systolic Blood Pressure 2.3 11.4 35.1 -2.5 -2.3 -5.9 -5.4 -1.8 1.0 0.9 -1.8 -3.9 -5.3 -2.4 1.7
Smoking Status 1.0 2.3 6.9 -1.8 2.2 2.6 1.4 1.8 0.9 -0.6 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0
Allergy or Eczema 0.5 1.3 3.7 1.2 -0.4 -1.9 -1.0 -0.1 -1.9 -0.7 0.7 -0.4 -1.0 0.2 -1.9
Cardiovascular Disease 0.5 1.6 6.0 -1.2 -0.0 -2.5 -2.1 0.4 0.1 -0.7 0.1 -1.5 -1.9 -1.1 0.2
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.0 2.2 5.9 -0.9 0.8 2.4 1.9 0.5 -1.4 -0.9 1.8 1.4 1.9 1.4 -1.4
Respiratory disease 0.6 1.2 6.2 2.3 -1.0 -0.1 0.8 -0.0 0.1 0.9 -2.5 0.1 0.6 -0.5 0.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.8 1.5 2.3 0.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 -0.3 -1.1 0.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 -0.9
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.8 4.2 9.5 -1.4 0.8 -3.1 -2.8 0.9 2.4 -2.2 1.3 -1.5 -2.9 -0.7 2.5
Lung FVC 0.5 2.6 8.7 -0.6 -0.3 -1.5 -2.4 -0.7 -2.5 0.3 0.4 -1.8 -2.0 -0.6 -2.9
Neuroticism 1.9 4.6 10.2 -1.4 -1.9 -1.7 -2.7 -1.9 -1.5 2.2 1.6 -3.1 -3.2 -2.2 -1.2
Chronotype (morning person) 1.9 4.4 11.1 0.8 1.8 1.2 2.6 1.7 -0.5 -2.6 1.2 3.3 2.6 3.0 -1.5
Hair Pigment 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 -0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.9 -0.4 0.1 0.7 -0.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1
Tanning 0.1 1.0 2.6 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.9 -0.0 -1.6 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.1
Hand grip strength (left) 0.2 0.6 2.6 0.9 -0.0 1.5 0.1 0.7 -0.1 -1.6 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 -0.2
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.5 0.9 5.4 -0.4 0.7 -1.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.3 -1.2 -2.3 0.8 -0.2 0.7 0.2
Average weekly spirits intake 0.7 0.9 4.0 -1.0 0.8 -1.5 0.0 0.9 -0.2 -0.3 -2.0 1.2 -0.3 0.4 -0.4
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.6 1.1 7.2 -0.7 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.6 2.7 0.6 0.1 1.6 -0.2
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 1.1 1.6 3.8 -1.5 -1.6 -0.8 -1.2 -1.2 0.2 1.2 0.3 -1.8 -1.3 -1.9 0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.6 1.0 3.9 0.7 1.1 0.0 0.6 2.0 1.2 -0.5 1.5 0.5 0.1 0.5 1.1
Relative age of first facial hair 0.8 1.5 5.7 -1.0 -0.7 -2.4 -1.7 -2.1 0.3 0.2 0.7 -0.7 -1.5 -1.0 -0.0
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.7 0.9 3.6 -0.3 -0.6 0.3 0.9 0.3 1.1 -1.9 -1.6 0.7 0.9 -0.9 0.7
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.4 1.8 4.5 -0.9 2.1 0.2 1.0 1.2 2.0 -0.7 0.2 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.7
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 1.0 1.1 3.3 -1.8 1.2 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.8 -1.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.3 -0.5 1.4
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.2 3.4 10.9 -1.2 -0.7 -3.1 -3.3 0.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.8 -2.3 -3.1 -1.2 0.8
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.8 0.9 2.4 -0.1 0.7 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.4 1.0 -0.0 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.6
Angina 0.8 1.0 3.4 -1.8 0.7 -0.5 -0.8 0.8 1.1 0.6 -1.1 -0.8 -1.3 -0.8 1.2
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.4 0.5 1.5 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 -1.0 -0.6 -1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5 -0.6
Vitamin and mineral supplements 2.0 2.7 8.9 1.2 2.5 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.8 -1.9 1.1 3.0 1.7 1.4 -0.2
Supplements: Zinc 1.4 1.5 3.4 -0.1 -0.6 -1.8 -0.8 -1.5 1.7 0.8 -0.2 -1.6 -1.1 -0.8 1.9
Medication: Co-codamol 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.7 0.8 1.3 -0.1 0.8 0.5 -0.5 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.0 0.2
Medication: Metformin 0.8 1.1 2.7 0.0 1.6 0.9 1.0 1.4 -0.5 0.1 -0.9 1.2 1.6 0.7 -0.7
Diabetes (father) 3.9 4.8 9.7 -2.1 3.1 1.8 1.6 3.1 -0.8 -2.3 -1.2 3.1 1.5 2.4 -1.7
Diabetes (mother) 1.3 1.7 3.7 0.8 1.4 1.7 0.8 1.6 -0.4 -0.7 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.7 -0.6
Severe depression (siblings) 1.3 1.5 3.8 -0.3 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.0 -1.7 -1.4 0.9 1.1 0.5 1.8
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.8 1.3 3.7 -1.2 0.2 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.7 -0.1 0.6 0.6 0.7 -1.2 1.5
Impedance of leg (right) 0.8 4.0 8.5 -1.2 -1.4 -2.5 -2.1 -2.9 -1.6 2.7 1.4 -2.7 -2.1 -0.7 -1.1
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.8 4.1 11.8 1.8 1.6 3.4 2.9 1.7 0.4 -1.8 -0.2 2.9 2.5 1.3 -0.5
Trunk fat percentage 1.1 4.4 10.4 1.5 3.0 2.2 3.1 1.8 1.0 -1.0 0.6 3.2 2.8 1.7 -0.0
Hand grip strength (right) 0.2 0.4 2.2 0.4 -0.7 1.1 -0.6 0.1 -0.4 -1.5 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 1.0 1.5 6.5 -0.0 1.4 1.9 0.8 2.5 1.0 -0.1 0.4 1.1 0.6 1.2 0.9
Current tobacco smoking 2.9 4.8 8.0 -1.4 2.1 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.6 -0.6 0.2 2.5 2.8 1.8 2.3
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.6 0.7 1.7 1.2 1.1 -1.2 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -1.3 -0.9 -0.9
Maternal smoking around birth 0.4 0.6 3.8 0.2 -0.7 -0.0 0.2 0.8 0.7 -1.9 0.1 0.5 0.7 -0.9 0.2
Fed-up feelings 1.0 1.8 3.9 -1.1 -0.8 -1.4 -1.7 -2.0 -0.8 0.7 -0.4 -1.6 -1.9 -1.8 -0.4
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.6 0.7 2.3 -1.5 -1.0 1.4 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.7 -0.8 -0.0 0.3 -1.1 -0.4
Relative age voice broke 0.9 1.4 3.8 0.6 -1.1 -1.9 -0.9 -1.6 0.6 1.8 0.2 -1.0 -1.5 -0.5 0.7
Taking other prescription medications 0.4 0.7 2.2 1.4 -0.2 -0.3 0.8 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -1.1 1.5 1.1 0.5 -0.1
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.4 0.9 2.9 1.4 -1.0 0.8 1.5 0.8 -0.3 0.1 -1.1 0.4 1.7 -0.5 -0.4
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 3.1 3.6 9.4 -2.9 -1.2 -1.0 -1.7 0.1 1.0 0.7 -3.1 -2.1 -1.7 -3.0 1.1
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.5 1.2 3.7 1.2 0.5 0.2 -0.3 -1.0 -1.5 -0.2 1.9 0.4 -0.5 1.4 -1.8
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.3 0.3 1.1 -0.6 0.1 0.0 -1.1 0.4 0.0 -0.3 0.7 0.1 -1.1 -0.5 -0.4
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 2.6 3.5 14.7 -2.2 2.9 1.8 0.1 2.1 0.4 -3.8 0.3 1.6 1.0 1.1 -0.7
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 1.3 1.6 4.0 -2.0 0.6 -1.3 -1.8 0.5 1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -0.5 -1.4 -1.6 0.4
High blood pressure 0.4 1.2 4.3 -0.9 0.7 -2.1 -1.4 0.4 1.3 -0.8 -0.6 -0.5 -1.4 -0.8 1.1
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.5 1.2 3.3 1.2 -0.1 -1.5 -0.8 0.5 -1.6 -1.4 0.8 -0.0 -0.9 0.5 -1.8
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.5 2.0 5.1 -1.1 -2.2 -1.5 -1.4 -1.1 -0.6 1.7 0.2 -2.2 -1.3 -1.3 -0.0
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.6 0.8 4.8 2.2 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 -0.8 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.1
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.3 0.4 2.2 0.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 -0.8 -0.2 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.0
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.6 -1.0 0.8 0.5 -0.8 -0.9 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.5 -1.3
Medication: Atenolol 1.7 2.1 8.9 -1.2 1.2 -3.0 -1.9 0.2 1.2 -0.5 0.3 -0.2 -2.5 -0.7 1.2
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.6 1.0 3.1 -1.3 1.4 0.5 1.2 -0.2 -0.9 0.1 0.6 1.8 1.1 0.6 -0.8
Sitting height 0.2 1.8 4.7 1.4 -1.6 1.2 1.0 -1.1 -2.0 0.7 1.8 -0.0 0.3 -0.6 -2.2
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.1 1.3 3.5 0.1 -1.1 -0.2 1.3 -0.8 1.1 1.9 -1.8 1.1 1.2 -0.2 1.3
High blood pressure (mother) 0.8 1.1 3.1 -1.7 0.7 -0.3 -1.8 0.2 -1.1 -0.5 1.2 -0.3 -1.5 0.2 -1.2
Body mass index (BMI) 1.4 6.2 14.0 1.8 3.4 2.6 3.4 2.2 2.2 -1.9 -0.6 3.7 2.8 1.9 1.3
Impedance of leg (left) 0.8 3.9 8.4 -0.8 -1.6 -2.6 -2.1 -2.7 -1.8 2.2 0.9 -2.9 -2.1 -1.3 -1.2
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.7 3.9 11.0 1.8 1.5 3.3 2.9 1.6 0.4 -1.8 -0.2 2.9 2.5 1.2 -0.4
Trunk fat mass 1.0 4.3 10.3 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.2 1.8 0.9 -1.1 0.4 3.1 2.8 1.5 -0.0
Waist circumference 1.5 5.4 12.2 1.4 3.0 2.9 3.5 1.9 1.5 -2.1 -1.1 3.2 2.9 1.5 0.7
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.2 1.9 9.7 1.1 -1.1 -3.1 -1.5 -1.4 0.8 0.2 1.1 -1.1 -1.4 -1.1 1.0
Past tobacco smoking 0.5 0.9 3.0 -0.2 -1.0 -1.7 -0.9 -0.4 -0.4 1.3 -1.7 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -1.0
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.8 1.3 5.0 1.6 -0.1 -0.8 -0.9 -0.9 -2.2 -0.8 0.6 -0.4 -0.7 -0.1 -2.1
Nervous feelings 1.7 3.2 9.6 -1.9 -1.1 -2.3 -2.9 -0.9 0.1 1.4 0.2 -2.0 -3.1 -1.8 -0.1
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.9 1.3 4.3 -1.1 -1.3 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2 1.7 0.2 -1.3 -1.3 -0.6 -2.1 1.3
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.7 1.1 1.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.3 -1.3 -0.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.8
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 2.4 3.0 7.1 0.3 2.2 1.4 2.2 0.8 -0.7 -0.7 1.2 2.7 2.6 2.6 -0.9
Had menopause 1.6 2.0 9.9 0.1 -0.6 -3.1 -1.8 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.8 -1.7 -1.9 -1.4 1.1
Had other major operations 1.1 1.3 4.8 0.0 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.6 -2.2 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.3
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.7 2.9 5.8 1.6 -2.0 -0.7 -1.7 -1.4 -2.3 0.6 0.9 -2.4 -1.5 -1.7 -2.3
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.5 1.2 3.7 1.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -1.9 -1.6 0.2 1.2 0.1 -0.3 0.5 -1.8
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.3 0.4 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.9 -0.0 0.3 0.9 -1.4 0.8 0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.1
Qualifications: None of the above 0.8 1.8 4.4 -1.1 0.3 -0.1 1.3 0.8 1.9 1.8 -2.1 1.7 1.1 -0.2 1.6
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 1.8 2.5 12.4 -1.3 1.0 3.5 2.4 1.2 -0.0 -0.3 -0.0 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.5 0.7 3.9 -0.5 1.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 -2.0 0.7 0.3 0.8 -0.8
Heart attack 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.0 0.5 0.3
Allergy 0.3 0.6 2.7 -1.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 -0.3 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.5 -0.2 1.2
Pain all over the body in last month 1.5 1.6 5.6 -1.3 0.6 1.3 1.8 0.4 0.6 -1.2 -2.4 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.2
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.6 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.1 -0.3
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.0 0.7 -1.2 -0.4 1.5 0.9 0.1 0.2 -0.9
Medication: Ramipril 0.6 0.7 2.1 0.3 0.3 -1.3 -0.9 -0.6 1.2 1.0 0.5 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 1.5
Medication: Simvastatin 0.8 1.1 5.2 -2.3 -0.7 -1.4 -1.0 -0.6 -1.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0
Fluid intelligence score 0.4 0.9 2.7 0.5 -1.2 -0.7 -0.4 -1.0 -1.6 0.3 -0.5 -1.1 -0.3 -0.5 -1.5
Illnesses of siblings 1.2 1.7 4.6 0.5 1.2 1.3 1.6 0.2 -1.7 -0.6 -1.3 1.2 1.2 2.1 -1.7
Neuroticism score 1.9 3.9 7.8 -1.0 -2.1 -1.2 -2.4 -2.3 -1.1 2.4 1.2 -2.7 -2.8 -2.3 -0.8
Weight 0.7 3.3 8.2 2.3 1.8 2.6 2.9 1.3 0.9 -1.2 -0.2 2.7 2.2 0.7 0.0
Impedance of arm (right) 0.3 1.6 5.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.3 -0.7 -1.2 -2.3 0.7 2.0 -1.0 -0.2 -0.1 -2.4
Arm fat percentage (right) 1.5 5.7 12.0 1.5 3.4 2.7 3.3 2.4 1.8 -1.9 0.3 3.5 2.9 1.9 0.8
Trunk fat-free mass 0.2 1.3 6.1 2.5 -1.0 1.9 1.5 0.3 0.3 -0.8 -0.6 0.7 0.9 -0.4 0.2
Hip circumference 0.4 1.8 4.8 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.0 1.0 -1.1 -0.3 2.2 1.4 0.2 0.1
Time employed in main current job 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.2 -0.7 -0.1 -1.1 -0.5 -0.9 0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 1.8 2.7 11.4 -1.1 1.5 1.6 0.5 3.4 2.6 -1.3 0.2 1.5 0.3 0.5 2.0
Father’s age at death 1.1 1.4 4.3 1.1 -1.9 -1.8 -0.8 -2.1 -0.5 0.8 1.4 -0.4 -1.1 -0.3 0.2
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.7 1.4 6.3 -2.5 1.1 -0.6 -0.9 -0.9 -1.2 -0.4 1.2 0.3 -1.2 0.2 -1.5
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.6 1.0 5.8 -0.8 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.6 1.6 -0.4 -2.4 0.5 0.2 -0.6 0.9
Falls in the last year 4.1 5.5 10.8 -0.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.8 1.8 -2.4 -1.1 3.3 3.3 2.7 0.7
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.3 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.9 -0.7 1.1 0.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.2 0.7
Number of live births 1.0 1.4 4.2 -0.9 0.5 1.9 2.0 0.7 0.0 -0.0 -1.6 1.1 1.7 0.8 0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.9 3.0 6.6 1.4 -1.4 -1.5 -2.6 -1.5 -1.5 -0.4 1.2 -2.5 -2.4 -1.6 -1.5
Pulse rate 0.7 1.2 2.8 -0.4 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.6 0.9 -1.1 -0.0 1.4 1.7 1.3 0.7
Happiness 0.9 1.1 3.4 1.8 -0.7 1.0 1.0 -0.2 0.9 -1.8 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.1 0.8
Noisy workplace 1.9 2.4 11.0 0.5 1.2 0.2 1.3 1.6 3.3 -0.1 -0.9 1.5 0.7 -0.6 2.7
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.6 1.4 4.8 1.5 -2.0 -1.3 -0.4 -2.2 -1.1 0.9 1.2 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.7 0.8 1.8 -0.5 0.5 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3 0.5 -0.2 1.2 0.4 -1.4 0.3 0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 2.4 4.0 8.2 1.1 -0.1 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.6 -1.2 -0.4 1.4 2.6 1.1 2.6
Asthma 1.0 2.0 13.3 2.0 -0.0 1.6 1.3 0.6 0.0 0.4 -3.7 0.4 1.4 0.3 -0.4
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.4 0.5 1.6 -1.3 1.3 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 -0.7 0.7 -0.6 0.6 -0.9
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.8 1.2 4.2 -1.6 -1.0 -2.0 -1.1 -1.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -1.0 -0.8 -1.3 -0.2
Depression (self-reported) 0.8 0.9 3.9 1.0 -1.0 0.3 -0.1 0.8 2.0 -0.5 0.4 -0.7 0.0 -1.2 1.5
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.1 1.3 2.8 0.8 -0.3 0.8 1.4 0.5 0.9 -1.3 -0.2 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.2
Prospective memory result 1.0 1.2 6.3 0.2 -0.9 -0.2 0.4 -1.2 -0.1 2.5 1.9 -0.6 -0.5 -1.3 0.4
Lung cancer (father) 1.3 1.5 5.4 1.2 -1.5 1.1 1.8 -1.3 0.1 0.6 -2.3 0.3 1.6 -0.4 0.2
Illnesses of mother 1.4 1.7 7.1 0.6 -0.6 1.7 2.7 -1.1 -0.6 0.4 0.1 1.3 2.2 0.9 -0.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 1.2 4.0 10.4 0.7 -1.9 -1.7 -3.0 -1.1 -1.5 -0.2 1.2 -3.2 -2.9 -2.4 -1.4
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 3.4 4.0 9.6 -0.3 -2.1 -2.1 -2.4 -2.8 -1.5 1.0 -0.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.1 -1.2
Impedance of arm (left) 0.4 2.0 6.2 -1.1 -0.3 -0.9 -1.1 -1.6 -2.3 1.0 1.8 -1.2 -0.6 -0.2 -2.5
Arm fat mass (right) 1.3 5.3 12.0 2.0 2.9 2.9 3.5 2.0 1.5 -1.4 -0.1 3.4 2.8 1.7 0.7
Trunk predicted mass 0.2 1.3 6.0 2.5 -1.0 1.8 1.4 0.2 0.3 -0.9 -0.6 0.8 0.9 -0.4 0.3
Standing height 0.4 3.7 12.1 1.9 -3.5 0.0 -0.7 -2.0 -2.5 1.4 1.0 -2.0 -1.1 -2.3 -2.3
Length of working week for main job 0.7 0.7 2.9 -0.3 0.7 0.4 1.1 0.4 0.6 -0.8 -1.3 0.5 0.7 1.7 0.5
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.0 1.1 3.7 -0.1 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.1 -0.7 -0.7 1.0 0.9 1.9 -0.1
Breastfed as a baby 0.6 0.8 2.6 0.5 -1.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 -1.6 0.2 -1.2 0.4 0.8 1.4 -1.0
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.6 0.9 2.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -1.5 -0.2 1.3 -0.2 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.2
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 2.4 3.7 10.6 0.8 2.0 1.4 0.6 3.3 3.0 -2.6 -0.2 1.3 0.4 2.2 2.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.2 0.5 1.5 -0.1 -0.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 1.2 1.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8
Birth weight of first child 1.2 2.2 4.0 1.6 -1.7 -1.7 -1.3 -1.8 -0.6 2.0 0.7 -1.8 -1.6 -1.7 -0.2
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.4 0.9 2.8 0.9 -0.0 -0.6 -1.0 -1.4 -1.1 -1.7 0.5 -0.8 -1.1 0.3 -0.9
Pulse wave reflection index 0.5 0.6 2.6 -0.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -1.6 -1.4 0.3 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.1 -1.4
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.3 1.6 3.4 -0.0 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.0 -1.6 -0.6 1.5 1.9 1.5 0.5
Loud music exposure frequency 4.1 4.5 9.5 0.3 2.3 3.1 1.8 3.1 0.8 -2.6 0.3 2.1 2.3 3.0 -0.0
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.5 1.5 1.1 0.4 -0.4 0.4 -0.7 -0.1 -0.8 1.2 0.1 -0.0 1.2 0.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 1.0 1.3 5.2 -0.6 0.7 -0.3 -1.1 -0.5 -0.7 0.9 2.3 -1.3 -1.8 -0.8 -0.9
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 0.7 -0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.5 -0.5 -0.3
Medication: Paracetamol 0.4 0.7 1.6 -1.1 1.3 0.6 0.3 -0.5 -0.5 0.6 -1.3 1.0 0.1 0.4 -1.0
Headache pain in last month 0.7 1.2 3.0 0.6 -0.9 -1.7 -1.4 -1.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 -1.2 -1.4 -1.7 0.2
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.6 0.9 4.2 1.7 0.4 2.1 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.3
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.8 2.1 7.0 0.2 0.1 -1.4 -2.6 1.1 1.7 -0.9 -2.0 -0.5 -2.1 -1.4 0.8
Gout (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 3.3 -0.9 0.5 -0.0 0.6 -0.3 1.3 0.3 -1.0 0.3 0.9 0.0 1.8
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.5 1.0 3.6 -0.9 0.7 1.1 1.0 -0.0 -1.2 -0.0 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.4 -1.0
Medication: Amlodipine 1.1 1.5 8.0 -2.8 1.7 -0.7 -0.4 1.1 1.4 -0.9 -0.7 1.3 0.1 -0.3 0.7
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.3 0.4 3.0 1.7 0.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.0 -0.7 0.2 -0.2
Birth weight 0.3 0.6 1.6 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.8 -1.3 0.3
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.5 0.5 2.3 -0.4 -1.2 -0.8 0.4 -1.0 -0.3 1.5 -0.5 -0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.3
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.3 0.5 1.2 -0.2 -0.9 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 1.1 -0.0 1.0 -0.4 0.3 -0.9 0.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.9 3.3 8.8 1.4 -2.2 -0.7 -2.0 -1.1 -2.0 0.5 1.2 -3.0 -1.9 -2.2 -2.0
Body fat percentage 1.0 4.0 10.2 1.3 3.2 1.9 2.9 1.8 1.5 -1.1 0.3 3.0 2.5 1.4 0.5
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.8 3.0 8.8 0.7 3.0 1.1 2.2 1.4 2.2 -0.4 -0.1 2.5 1.8 1.2 1.6
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.2 1.0 3.0 1.7 -0.0 1.5 1.6 0.1 0.4 -0.6 -1.2 1.1 1.0 -0.1 0.0
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.8 1.0 2.5 0.6 -1.0 1.6 0.7 1.3 1.6 0.6 -1.1 0.8 0.4 -0.2 1.2
Comparative body size at age 10 0.7 1.9 6.9 -0.8 1.3 2.6 2.3 1.3 0.4 -0.3 1.1 0.6 1.9 1.1 0.1
Number of full brothers 1.0 1.2 3.1 -0.0 0.7 1.8 1.8 -0.0 1.2 0.1 -1.4 1.4 1.4 -0.1 0.9
Worry too long after embarrassment 1.0 1.6 3.3 0.1 -1.6 -0.8 -1.7 -1.8 -0.7 0.9 1.7 -1.8 -1.4 -0.9 -0.2
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.5 1.9 6.8 -0.8 0.5 1.4 -0.3 1.8 2.2 -1.6 -2.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 1.6
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 2.9 5.1 11.2 0.6 2.6 3.4 2.5 2.9 2.7 -1.5 -1.5 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.7
Number of children fathered 1.1 1.2 3.4 1.8 -0.2 0.7 1.8 -0.2 -0.6 1.7 0.3 1.1 1.5 0.4 -0.7
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.4 1.6 3.3 -1.7 -0.5 -1.3 -1.3 -0.4 -1.5 0.7 -0.0 -1.5 -1.6 -1.8 -1.3
Age at first live birth 2.0 3.5 7.0 0.5 -2.6 -2.4 -1.6 -2.6 -1.7 2.0 2.5 -1.9 -1.7 -0.6 -0.5
Pulse wave peak to peak time 3.0 3.5 8.0 0.4 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.6 1.0 -1.0 0.7 1.9 2.5 2.8 0.7
Health satisfaction 1.0 1.3 9.4 -1.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 -3.1 -0.0 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.3
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 2.1 2.5 5.5 -1.3 0.9 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.7 -2.0 -0.6 0.8 2.2 0.7 0.8
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.8 2.4 11.7 0.5 -1.3 0.0 -0.4 -1.8 -3.4 1.5 1.3 -1.2 -0.5 0.9 -2.4
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.6 0.7 3.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 -1.8 -0.7 -1.5 0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.8 0.9 3.6 -1.6 -1.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 -0.4 -1.3 -0.8 -1.1 0.2
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 0.3 0.7 -0.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.4
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.1 0.3 1.3 1.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.6 0.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.4
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.3 1.9 6.7 1.4 0.6 0.4 1.7 0.3 2.2 0.1 -0.0 2.6 1.2 0.6 1.9
Medication: Blood pressure 0.3 0.6 2.9 -0.9 0.1 -1.7 -0.5 -0.8 0.2 -1.0 -0.6 0.9 -0.5 -0.1 0.1
Angina (self-reported) 0.8 1.1 2.9 -1.7 0.6 -0.7 -1.1 0.8 1.1 0.6 -0.9 -0.9 -1.5 -0.9 1.0
Migraine (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 2.6 -1.0 -0.2 -0.4 -1.6 -0.2 -1.1 -0.4 -1.4 -0.9 -1.6 -1.2 -1.2
Medication: Ibuprofen 1.0 1.1 3.5 -1.6 1.9 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.9 -0.6 -1.4 1.2 0.1 1.1 -1.3
Medication: Allopurinol 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.3 0.4 -0.8 -0.5 -0.4 1.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.7 1.3
Medication: Omeprazole 4.0 4.7 16.8 0.6 0.4 2.6 4.1 -0.4 0.0 0.3 -1.3 3.4 3.6 2.6 -0.0
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 2.9 3.4 6.7 1.7 -2.5 -1.5 -1.6 -1.9 -2.5 1.2 -0.1 -2.6 -1.6 -1.9 -1.6
Mean time to correctly identify matches 1.5 2.9 6.4 1.0 -1.7 -2.4 -2.0 -2.2 0.2 2.5 -1.4 -1.9 -1.8 -0.8 0.4
Heart disease (mother) 1.3 1.6 6.3 -0.5 0.7 -2.0 -0.1 1.3 2.5 -0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.2 2.5
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.0 1.2 4.1 -0.9 0.2 -0.9 -1.6 -0.7 0.8 -0.6 -2.0 -1.2 -1.5 -0.7 0.8
Whole body fat mass 1.1 4.5 10.6 1.8 2.7 2.4 3.3 1.8 1.4 -1.2 0.0 3.1 2.8 1.4 0.5
Leg fat mass (right) 1.0 3.8 8.7 1.4 2.7 2.1 2.9 1.6 1.5 -0.7 -0.2 3.0 2.4 1.6 0.8
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.2 1.0 3.4 1.8 -0.0 1.6 1.5 0.4 0.6 -0.7 -1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.2 0.3
Pulse rate, automated reading 1.3 4.0 10.3 0.3 1.8 2.1 2.9 1.0 1.2 -2.1 -0.7 3.2 3.1 2.1 0.6
Alcohol intake frequency. 1.2 2.7 7.3 0.9 0.2 2.4 2.4 0.4 1.6 0.9 -1.3 2.1 2.7 0.9 1.3
Comparative height size at age 10 0.3 1.5 5.7 0.5 -2.1 -0.6 -0.5 -1.2 -0.2 0.7 -0.1 -2.0 -0.8 -2.4 -0.4
Number of full sisters 0.9 1.1 4.0 1.0 -1.2 0.2 0.5 -1.3 1.8 0.9 -0.2 -0.8 -0.0 -0.2 2.0
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 6.5 10.3 25.6 -1.9 -3.9 -3.5 -4.1 -2.5 0.1 3.1 0.1 -5.1 -4.1 -4.1 0.7
Overall health rating 0.5 1.1 4.2 -2.1 -0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 1.2 -0.8 -1.8 -0.2 -0.5 -1.4 1.0
Chest pain or discomfort 1.0 1.4 4.3 -0.3 -0.1 2.1 1.6 1.6 0.7 0.2 -1.7 1.1 1.3 -0.2 0.5
Had major operations 1.1 1.3 4.1 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.7 -0.6 -1.8 -0.6 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.2 -2.0
Age at last live birth 1.2 1.8 4.0 0.3 -1.8 -1.4 -1.2 -2.0 -0.8 1.4 1.1 -1.8 -1.4 -1.2 -0.6
Family relationship satisfaction 2.2 2.7 6.6 1.5 1.2 2.2 1.5 1.0 1.5 -2.6 -0.1 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.4
Leg pain on walking 0.8 1.0 3.5 -1.9 -0.1 1.0 -0.1 1.8 0.1 -0.4 -1.8 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.5
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 1.1 1.3 3.6 -0.3 1.1 1.6 1.9 0.5 0.1 -1.6 -0.4 1.5 1.6 0.5 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.2 0.3 1.8 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -1.4 -0.7 0.1 0.4 -0.1
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 1.2 1.5 6.2 2.5 -1.3 -0.2 0.9 -1.3 -1.5 1.5 -0.6 0.6 1.0 0.4 -0.8
Medication: Aspirin 0.7 0.9 4.7 -2.2 -0.7 -1.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -1.4 -1.1 -0.6 -0.4
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.5 0.6 1.9 0.3 -0.6 0.3 1.4 -1.1 0.0 0.3 -1.0 -0.2 1.1 0.5 0.8
Knee pain experienced in last month 1.4 2.2 4.5 0.6 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.7 -1.1 -1.3 2.0 1.8 0.1 1.2
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.8 2.1 6.5 -1.0 1.0 -2.5 -2.1 0.6 1.8 -1.1 -1.0 -0.7 -1.9 -0.6 1.7
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 1.3 1.6 6.3 2.5 -0.6 0.1 1.7 -0.8 0.7 0.1 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.0 0.5
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.5 0.7 4.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 2.0 1.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.9
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.4 0.5 1.8 -0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 -0.5 -0.0 0.2 -1.4 0.3 1.2 -0.5 0.1
Smoking status: Previous 0.4 0.6 2.5 0.9 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.4 -0.8 1.6 -1.1 -1.0 -0.6 0.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.6 1.2 3.1 0.5 -1.4 0.4 -0.2 -1.8 -1.7 1.1 0.8 -0.7 0.0 -0.8 -1.5
Whole body fat-free mass 0.4 2.0 6.5 2.3 0.1 2.5 2.2 0.8 0.3 -1.2 -0.5 1.7 1.6 0.3 -0.1
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.7 3.6 10.0 2.0 1.2 3.2 2.6 1.6 0.3 -2.1 -0.5 2.7 2.3 0.7 -0.6
Arm fat percentage (left) 1.4 5.8 14.2 1.3 3.8 2.5 3.2 2.3 1.8 -1.8 0.2 3.5 2.8 2.0 0.7
Average weekly red wine intake 3.4 5.0 10.7 -2.1 -0.4 -3.3 -2.8 -3.1 -2.5 1.5 -0.2 -2.2 -2.8 -1.8 -1.7
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.8 0.9 2.7 0.5 -1.6 -1.0 -1.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.7 0.6 -1.4 -1.2 -0.8 -0.5
Mood swings 0.4 0.7 2.8 -0.5 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -0.1 1.7 -0.6 -0.7 -1.1 -0.6 -0.5
Loneliness, isolation 0.7 1.0 3.4 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 -1.9 1.0 0.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.5 -1.8 -1.6 0.5
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.3 0.5 1.9 -1.4 -0.9 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 -1.1 -0.6 -0.1 -1.0 0.2
Ever had bowel cancer screening 1.1 1.3 3.5 -0.1 -1.1 -1.0 -1.5 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.3 -1.9 -1.8 -0.4 0.6
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.7 1.2 2.3 0.1 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 -0.7
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 1.2 1.3 2.1 -1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.4 -1.3 -1.2 1.2 1.0 -0.2 1.1
Friendships satisfaction 1.3 1.6 6.3 0.7 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.6 1.6 -2.5 0.1 1.8 1.1 0.3 0.7
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.7 1.0 2.5 1.6 -0.5 -0.9 -0.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.3 0.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -1.5
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.8 0.9 5.8 2.4 -1.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.7 -0.2 -0.9 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 -1.1 -0.3
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.4 1.6 4.1 -0.8 1.7 0.8 0.7 -0.4 -1.0 -0.1 2.0 1.5 0.9 1.9 -1.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 1.5 2.3 5.3 0.6 -2.0 -0.7 -0.7 -2.2 -1.6 2.3 2.0 -1.4 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1
Medication for cholesterol 1.3 2.0 4.2 2.0 -0.6 2.1 1.6 -1.2 -1.6 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.7 -0.2 -2.0
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.8 1.0 5.4 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.6 1.0 1.2 -0.1 -2.3 1.1 0.7 -0.4 0.9
Back pain experienced in last month 0.6 0.9 2.6 -1.5 -0.1 -1.0 -1.0 0.1 0.3 1.4 -0.7 -0.7 -1.6 -0.9 0.5
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.7 0.9 3.4 -0.4 1.9 1.5 0.0 0.4 -0.5 -1.4 1.0 0.5 -0.1 1.0 -0.7
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.5 0.5 3.1 -1.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 0.3 1.0 1.7 -0.4 -0.3 -0.7 0.2
Asthma (self-reported) 1.0 2.0 16.1 1.8 0.0 1.3 1.0 0.9 -0.0 0.4 -4.0 0.3 1.0 0.2 -0.5
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.7 -0.2 -1.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.4 -1.0
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 3.3 -0.8 -0.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 -0.9 0.4 -0.1 1.8 0.6 -0.1 -1.2
Medication: Aspirin 0.5 0.7 3.4 -1.8 -0.9 -1.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.8 -1.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6
Medication: Gliclazide 1.7 1.9 4.9 2.0 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.7 1.8 1.8 -0.8
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.5 0.7 2.3 -0.7 -0.7 1.0 -0.3 -0.6 -1.4 -0.3 -0.1 -1.5 0.0 -0.7 -0.9
Smoking status: Current 1.9 3.1 5.4 -1.8 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.1 -0.1 0.4 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.9
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 1.9 4.0 13.2 1.1 0.7 -3.1 -3.6 -0.1 0.3 -0.9 1.9 -2.4 -3.6 -0.9 -0.0
Whole body water mass 0.3 1.9 5.9 2.3 0.0 2.4 2.0 0.9 0.4 -1.3 -0.6 1.6 1.5 0.2 0.0
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.7 3.5 9.5 2.1 1.2 3.1 2.6 1.6 0.3 -2.1 -0.5 2.6 2.2 0.7 -0.5
Arm fat mass (left) 1.2 4.9 10.4 1.7 3.1 2.6 3.2 2.0 1.5 -1.6 -0.2 3.2 2.7 1.6 0.5
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.3 0.5 2.8 0.1 0.9 -0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -1.1 -1.7 0.6 0.2 -0.5 -0.2
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.4 0.6 1.9 -1.0 0.3 -1.4 -0.5 -0.4 1.0 -0.5 1.0 -0.7 -0.2 0.4 0.9
Miserableness 1.0 1.8 5.4 -0.3 -2.1 -0.4 -0.1 -2.3 -1.6 2.1 0.2 -1.3 -0.4 -1.2 -1.1
Guilty feelings 0.5 0.7 4.0 0.4 1.2 0.9 -0.4 0.2 0.2 -1.2 2.0 0.2 0.0 -0.0 -0.6
Wears glasses or contact lenses 1.2 1.4 4.2 -0.1 0.0 -1.9 -1.6 -0.6 -0.5 0.8 -1.5 -2.1 -1.4 -0.8 -0.3
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.4 0.4 1.5 1.2 -0.0 -0.2 -0.7 0.4 -0.2 -1.1 1.1 -0.0 -0.6 0.4 -0.4
Hearing aid user 0.7 0.8 1.9 0.8 -0.9 -0.7 0.6 -1.0 -1.4 0.6 1.2 0.1 0.1 -1.0 -1.2
Mother’s age at death 1.0 1.2 3.6 -1.4 0.6 -1.3 -1.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.3 1.9 -1.1 -1.6 -0.4 -0.5
Financial situation satisfaction 1.3 1.6 6.4 0.9 0.2 2.1 0.3 1.8 0.7 -2.5 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.4
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.7 0.8 2.4 0.9 0.3 -1.0 0.3 -0.1 1.6 -0.7 1.4 0.7 0.7 -0.5 1.3
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 1.3 1.5 5.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -2.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 -2.3 -0.9 -1.6 -1.5 0.4
Medication: Blood pressure 1.0 1.9 3.7 -1.9 0.9 -1.8 -1.8 0.9 1.7 -0.8 0.1 -1.3 -1.4 -0.1 1.9
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 1.5 1.9 7.7 -0.5 0.1 2.8 2.1 2.0 0.2 0.9 -1.1 1.3 1.6 0.2 -0.3
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.6 2.1 5.2 0.9 -2.3 -1.9 -0.6 -0.4 1.4 1.7 -2.2 -0.6 -0.4 -1.3 1.6
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 2.1 3.8 7.7 -2.0 -2.4 -2.6 -1.8 -2.1 -1.7 0.6 0.6 -2.8 -1.8 -2.4 -1.0
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.7 1.1 3.9 -1.7 0.4 -2.0 -1.1 0.3 0.9 -0.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.8 -0.3 1.3
Medication: Paracetamol 0.6 0.9 2.9 -1.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 -1.7 1.0 0.4 0.5 -1.3
Medication: Lisinopril 0.8 1.0 3.3 -1.0 0.6 -1.5 -0.8 0.5 0.9 -1.1 -1.8 0.9 -0.3 -0.7 0.8
Medication: Atorvastatin 2.1 2.6 5.7 0.5 -0.6 -1.9 -2.0 1.0 2.3 0.1 -1.1 -1.7 -1.8 -1.9 2.4
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.9 1.1 5.4 -0.0 1.3 0.1 -0.2 -1.0 -1.2 -0.0 0.4 1.5 -0.2 1.0 -2.3
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.6 0.8 4.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 1.4 -2.1 -0.6 0.1 -1.3 -0.2
Ever smoked 1.1 1.9 8.6 -0.3 1.3 2.9 2.1 0.7 0.1 -0.8 1.3 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.8
Basal metabolic rate 0.5 2.5 7.2 2.3 0.6 2.7 2.4 1.1 0.5 -1.4 -0.5 2.0 1.9 0.4 -0.1
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.8 3.1 8.1 0.9 2.8 1.1 2.3 1.6 2.2 -0.8 -0.4 2.5 1.9 0.8 1.6
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.3 1.8 5.7 2.4 -0.0 1.9 1.9 0.8 0.8 -0.9 -1.3 1.5 1.3 -0.0 0.4
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.4 0.6 2.3 -0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 -0.4 -0.6 -1.5 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.5 -1.0
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.8 1.2 4.2 0.3 0.6 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.8 0.3 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0
Irritability 0.9 1.6 4.7 0.4 -1.5 -1.3 -0.2 -2.2 0.4 2.2 2.0 -1.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.5
Risk taking 2.3 3.4 10.9 1.0 2.6 3.3 2.0 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.3 1.7 2.9 0.6
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 1.5 1.8 8.9 -0.3 -1.9 0.7 -0.2 -0.2 -3.0 0.4 -0.4 -1.5 -0.3 -0.4 -2.3
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 2.9 3.8 8.5 -0.6 2.6 2.9 2.4 1.5 -1.0 -0.9 -0.4 1.7 2.6 2.9 -1.3
Age started oral contraceptive pill 1.7 2.1 4.7 -2.1 -0.0 -2.1 -1.9 -2.2 -0.8 1.2 -0.1 -1.4 -1.9 -0.6 -0.6
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.2 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.4 -1.2 -0.9 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.5
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.8 -0.1 -0.0 -0.3 1.4 -0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.1
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 1.0 1.3 6.8 -2.3 -0.5 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 -2.6 0.5 0.9 -0.9 0.1
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 1.3 1.5 4.2 1.9 0.8 1.3 0.5 1.4 0.7 -0.4 1.2 1.6 0.9 2.0 0.7
Myopia 0.7 1.0 4.4 1.4 0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -2.1 1.3 0.2 0.6 -0.1 -0.5 -0.0 1.4
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.5 1.4 5.2 1.2 -0.2 2.3 1.4 -0.1 -1.3 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.0 -1.3
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.4 0.7 2.1 -1.5 0.1 -1.0 -0.6 1.5 0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.9 -1.0 0.3 0.5
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 2.3 2.8 8.8 0.2 0.0 1.7 3.0 -0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.1 2.9 2.6 2.5 0.3
Pain experienced in last month 0.6 1.0 4.8 -0.7 0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -2.2 -0.1 0.9 -0.7 -0.3 0.7 -2.0
Supplements: Calcium 1.9 2.1 11.6 -0.3 -1.1 -1.0 0.8 -2.8 -0.4 3.4 -1.3 -1.1 0.0 -0.1 0.3
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.7 0.8 2.5 -1.3 1.3 -0.6 -1.6 0.4 -0.3 -0.9 -0.2 -0.1 -1.2 -0.4 -0.9
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.6 0.4
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 0.9 -0.6 -0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 -0.6 -0.7
Heart disease (siblings) 1.6 2.0 4.0 -0.5 -0.9 -1.8 -1.7 0.5 1.4 1.3 -0.7 -1.3 -2.0 -2.0 1.5
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.2 1.4 3.8 1.2 -0.8 1.8 0.5 -0.8 -1.4 1.2 -1.9 0.6 0.7 0.4 -1.6
Pack years of smoking 0.8 1.2 3.3 -1.2 -0.3 0.5 0.6 1.7 1.8 -0.0 0.4 0.2 0.5 -1.8 1.8
Impedance of whole body 0.7 3.7 7.0 -1.2 -1.4 -2.0 -1.9 -2.6 -2.5 2.0 1.3 -2.5 -1.6 -1.1 -2.2
Leg fat mass (left) 1.0 4.1 9.3 1.6 2.8 2.2 3.0 1.8 1.6 -0.9 -0.4 3.0 2.5 1.4 0.9
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.3 1.5 4.4 2.1 0.1 2.0 1.8 0.8 0.6 -0.9 -1.3 1.3 1.2 -0.1 0.3