Hub : Genes

SLC45A4

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.2071 0.0615 4.9e-04 0.002 NA 0.031 NA 0.009 2.0e-01 NA 1.7e-03 NA 5.6e-02
2 GTEx Breast Mammary Tissue 0.1930 0.0690 6.3e-03 0.014 NA 0.029 NA 0.032 5.8e-02 NA 1.2e-02 NA 9.1e-03
3 GTEx Breast Mammary Tissue (Male) 0.2872 0.1191 2.8e-02 0.059 NA -0.009 NA 0.024 1.8e-02 NA 5.7e-01 NA 9.3e-02
4 GTEx Colon Sigmoid 0.2160 0.0710 2.1e-03 0.159 NA 0.101 NA 0.145 2.9e-06 NA 2.0e-04 NA 8.2e-06
5 GTEx Esophagus Mucosa 0.3610 0.0540 4.7e-13 0.130 NA 0.257 NA 0.295 5.2e-09 NA 2.6e-17 NA 4.7e-20
6 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.1019 0.0400 8.7e-03 0.009 NA 0.002 NA 0.012 6.8e-02 NA 2.0e-01 NA 4.8e-02
7 GTEx Spleen 0.5880 0.1200 1.4e-03 0.117 NA 0.105 NA 0.304 6.4e-04 NA 1.2e-03 NA 1.5e-08
8 GTEx Vagina 0.6740 0.1500 3.6e-03 -0.005 NA 0.019 NA 0.015 4.3e-01 NA 1.2e-01 NA 1.5e-01
9 GTEx Whole Blood 0.2000 0.0460 5.8e-06 0.171 NA 0.148 NA 0.163 1.3e-15 NA 1.6e-13 NA 7.6e-15
10 NTR Blood 0.0523 0.0142 5.4e-06 0.044 0.026 0.042 0.046 0.045 5.1e-14 5.0e-09 2.0e-13 1.1e-14 2.2e-14
11 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.1005 0.0268 3.5e-06 0.072 0.051 0.047 0.056 0.047 1.3e-09 3.1e-07 9.7e-07 1.1e-07 1.1e-06
12 TCGA Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0448 0.0219 2.0e-03 0.010 0.041 0.032 NA 0.017 2.1e-02 2.1e-05 1.5e-04 NA 4.6e-03
13 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.0353 0.0173 6.4e-04 0.045 0.021 0.023 NA 0.035 1.5e-05 2.3e-03 1.7e-03 NA 1.3e-04

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.1 1.7 7.2 -1.6 1.0 -0.4 2.7 -1.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.7 1.4 1.6 -0.6 1.7
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.9 2.2 7.6 -2.2 -0.9 -0.8 0.1 -1.6 -2.3 0.1 0.0 1.6 2.1 0.0 -2.8 -0.4
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.9 2.0 6.9 -0.1 -1.6 -0.4 -1.6 -0.7 -2.1 -1.1 0.0 0.8 0.9 -2.6 -1.5 -1.9
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.9 1.3 3.0 -0.6 -1.5 -0.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.0 0.1 0.0 1.6 1.6 -1.7 -1.4 -1.3
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 1.2 3.6 15.5 2.2 2.7 0.9 1.2 -1.5 1.2 2.1 0.0 1.1 0.8 3.9 1.5 2.1
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.7 1.7 5.7 -0.1 -1.0 0.7 -0.4 -1.9 -1.6 0.3 0.0 2.4 2.3 -0.9 -1.4 -0.3
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.5 3.0 9.6 -1.5 -2.0 -0.6 -2.1 -1.2 -3.1 -0.1 0.0 0.7 1.5 -1.3 -3.1 -1.8
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.5 0.7 2.1 0.5 -0.6 1.5 -1.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.8 0.0 -1.4 -1.0 -0.7 0.2 -0.9
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.6 1.4 4.8 0.2 0.3 1.7 0.9 -2.2 -0.3 1.3 0.0 1.7 1.5 0.9 -0.5 1.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 -0.9 1.0 -1.1 -0.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 -0.9 -0.1 -0.8
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 2.2 2.4 8.9 -0.6 0.1 1.0 -0.3 -2.3 -0.7 1.1 0.0 2.8 3.0 -0.2 -2.5 -0.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.5 0.7 3.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 0.0 1.8 1.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.3
Crohns Disease (2017) 1.2 2.7 9.2 1.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.7 3.0 0.3 -2.9 0.0 -2.2 -2.2 -1.7 0.7 -1.0
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.3 0.6 2.3 1.2 0.2 0.6 -0.6 1.5 -0.2 -1.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -1.1 -0.0 -0.4
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.5 1.0 4.0 0.5 1.0 1.4 -0.2 -0.8 -0.8 0.5 0.0 1.8 2.0 -0.1 -1.0 0.2
Major Depression (MDD) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Reaction Time 0.9 1.8 4.0 -1.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 -1.0 0.9 0.6 0.0 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.2
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.7 1.6 7.9 1.5 1.8 0.1 0.6 -0.7 0.7 1.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.0 2.8 1.7 1.3
Breast Cancer 0.4 1.1 3.9 -0.5 -1.2 -1.2 -1.4 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.0 -1.3 -1.1 0.1 0.5 -0.9
Ovarian Cancer 1.9 2.5 5.4 0.9 -2.2 -1.5 -1.3 2.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -1.7 -1.6 -2.3 0.5 -2.3
Prostate Cancer 0.5 0.7 1.8 1.1 -0.5 0.8 -0.0 1.3 1.3 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 1.0 -0.4
Age at First Birth 2.7 3.9 14.4 -0.1 3.8 2.0 2.9 -0.8 1.5 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.1 3.3 0.8 3.0
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 1.3 1.2 7.2 -2.7 0.3 0.6 1.2 -1.6 0.3 -0.3 0.0 1.5 1.3 -0.1 -0.9 0.1
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.7 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 -0.1
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1.3 1.5 7.7 1.7 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.8 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.6 0.4 2.0 0.7
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.8 1.2 3.4 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.5 1.7 1.0 -1.7 0.0 -1.8 -1.6 -1.1 0.8 -0.7
Mean Putamen Volume 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.6 -0.2 0.3 -0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.6 -0.5 -0.0 -0.4
Fasting Glucose 0.5 0.6 2.0 -1.2 -1.4 -0.5 -0.8 0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.1 -0.8
HbA1C 0.5 0.6 1.4 -0.3 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8 -0.1 -0.4 1.2 0.0 1.1 1.1 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5
HDL Cholesterol 1.2 2.0 6.7 -2.3 -0.3 -1.6 -0.3 -1.4 -1.7 1.2 0.0 1.4 1.5 -0.5 -2.6 -0.7
LDL Cholesterol 1.1 1.8 4.9 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.5 -1.8 0.4 2.2 0.0 1.6 2.1 1.3 0.5 1.2
Lupus 1.7 2.5 6.6 2.5 1.8 1.2 1.9 0.6 1.9 -1.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 1.3 2.2 2.6
Neuroticism (2016) 0.4 0.5 2.1 -0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 -1.4 -1.0 0.4 0.0 1.1 1.3 0.6 -0.3 0.0
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 1.8 2.6 6.5 -0.2 1.8 1.9 2.5 -1.3 1.4 1.4 0.0 1.9 1.5 2.0 -0.2 2.2
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.4 0.5 1.9 -0.7 -0.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.7 -1.3 -0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 -0.7 -1.4 -0.7
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.9 2.1 8.1 -1.4 -1.6 -0.7 -1.5 -0.9 -2.5 -0.8 0.0 0.1 0.8 -1.0 -2.9 -1.4
Triglycerides 1.0 1.7 5.5 2.2 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.5 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.7 1.7 2.3 1.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.6 0.6 2.5 -0.0 -0.6 -1.6 -1.3 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.9 0.1 -0.8
Ulcerative Colitis 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.4 0.7 0.8 -0.9 -0.8 -0.4 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.9 -0.3 -0.8 0.0
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.7 5.4 13.9 -2.2 -3.7 -2.5 -1.3 1.6 -1.5 1.2 0.0 2.5 2.1 -3.7 -1.6 -3.2
Blood Platelet Count 0.2 2.8 16.2 1.8 -0.5 -0.5 1.4 -2.6 -1.8 0.7 0.0 1.2 1.3 -4.0 -0.9 0.1
Blood Red Count 0.1 1.0 5.7 0.4 -0.4 2.4 0.4 -1.3 -0.7 -1.3 0.0 -1.3 -0.9 -0.1 0.5 0.4
Blood White Count 7.1 52.4 174.2 -0.5 5.4 5.2 8.1 -7.3 1.1 9.5 0.0 13.2 12.2 5.1 2.1 7.8
Heel T-Score 0.4 3.1 8.2 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.2 2.6 1.3 -1.4 0.0 -2.3 -2.9 2.4 2.3 1.1
BMI 0.4 2.3 8.1 -1.3 0.5 0.5 2.3 -0.1 0.9 2.2 0.0 2.9 2.2 1.2 -0.5 1.4
Height 0.7 13.2 41.3 4.3 4.6 3.0 3.1 -0.8 2.4 -0.6 0.0 -3.8 -3.6 6.4 4.2 4.5
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.4 1.8 9.2 2.6 -0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -1.3 3.0 0.2
Systolic Blood Pressure 1.6 8.1 37.7 0.5 -2.9 -2.8 -6.1 2.7 -0.5 -0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.8 -3.2 -0.4 -5.8
Smoking Status 0.5 1.1 3.4 -0.2 -0.2 1.8 -0.8 -0.1 -1.4 0.9 0.0 1.0 1.2 -1.8 -0.2 -1.3
Allergy or Eczema 1.0 2.5 10.4 -2.2 -1.3 -1.1 0.1 -1.3 -2.0 3.2 0.0 1.9 1.4 -0.7 -1.8 -0.4
Cardiovascular Disease 0.3 0.8 2.4 1.6 0.5 1.0 -1.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.7 1.5 1.4 -0.3
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.7 3.9 11.8 2.1 1.8 0.5 3.1 0.2 1.9 -1.9 0.0 -1.4 -2.0 3.4 1.7 2.5
Respiratory disease 0.2 0.6 1.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.6 1.2 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.3 -0.8 0.3 -0.2
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 -0.8 -0.4 0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.8
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.5 2.5 9.2 -0.8 0.3 -2.5 -2.4 -2.3 -3.0 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.9 -1.5 -1.4
Lung FVC 0.2 0.9 2.7 -0.3 -0.1 1.1 1.3 -1.6 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 -1.5 1.1
Neuroticism 0.3 0.7 1.9 0.5 -0.9 1.4 -0.8 -0.6 -1.1 0.1 0.0 1.2 1.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6
Chronotype (morning person) 0.3 0.7 4.8 -0.3 0.5 2.2 -0.0 -0.7 -1.2 -0.2 0.0 0.6 0.9 0.6 -0.7 0.4
Hair Pigment 0.1 2.2 8.6 1.3 2.5 0.4 2.2 -0.8 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 2.9 0.7 2.5
Tanning 0.1 1.1 3.8 0.7 -0.3 -0.7 -0.2 1.4 1.2 -1.1 0.0 -1.9 -1.8 -0.6 1.1 0.2
Hand grip strength (left) 0.2 0.6 1.7 -0.2 -0.8 0.2 -1.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.6 0.0 -1.2 -1.0 -0.3 -1.3 -0.7
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.4 0.7 2.2 -0.1 -1.2 -0.8 -1.2 0.6 -0.8 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 -1.1 -0.6 -1.5
Average weekly spirits intake 3.2 4.0 15.8 -1.9 -1.7 -0.8 -2.2 -1.5 -2.5 1.1 0.0 1.3 2.0 -1.9 -4.0 -2.1
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.4 0.7 3.3 0.5 -0.3 0.9 0.1 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.0 1.8 1.4 -0.5 1.2 0.4
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.7 1.0 3.7 -1.2 -1.1 0.5 -0.3 -1.1 -0.5 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.8 -1.6 -1.9 -0.5
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 1.2 1.9 5.7 1.0 -1.4 -0.9 -1.4 0.3 -1.4 -2.0 0.0 -1.5 -1.1 -2.4 -0.2 -1.7
Relative age of first facial hair 0.4 0.8 3.5 -0.4 1.3 -0.6 1.0 -0.6 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.2 1.9 1.0 0.8
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.5 -0.6 -0.9 -0.7 0.8 -1.1 0.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 0.8 -0.6
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.5 0.7 3.6 0.5 0.8 1.9 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 1.2 0.0 0.9 0.9 -0.1 -0.6 0.1
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.5 0.6 3.2 -1.8 0.1 0.3 -1.1 -0.4 -1.1 0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.9 -0.5
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.9 2.7 11.2 0.2 -0.9 -1.5 -3.4 1.9 -2.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 -1.3 -0.6 -3.0
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.6 0.7 2.6 -0.1 0.6 -0.9 0.0 -1.6 -0.2 0.8 0.0 1.1 1.3 0.3 -1.0 0.1
Angina 0.7 1.0 2.1 -0.0 -1.4 -0.2 -1.2 1.3 0.6 -0.3 0.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.1 -0.9 -1.1
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.7 0.8 2.4 0.8 -0.9 0.3 -1.5 1.5 0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -1.3 0.5 -1.5
Vitamin and mineral supplements 1.3 1.8 6.7 -0.5 -1.8 -2.6 -1.5 1.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -2.3 -0.8 -1.8
Supplements: Zinc 1.5 1.6 4.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 -0.6 1.6 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 2.1 0.9 2.0
Medication: Co-codamol 0.5 0.5 1.9 -1.1 -1.4 0.0 -0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 1.2 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -0.6
Medication: Metformin 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.0 -0.7 -0.9 -0.7 0.0 -0.5 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 -1.2 -0.7
Diabetes (father) 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.7 -0.0
Diabetes (mother) 0.4 0.5 2.0 1.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 1.1 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -1.2 -1.4 -0.6 0.5 -0.3
Severe depression (siblings) 0.6 0.7 1.5 -0.8 0.2 -0.6 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 1.1 0.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 -1.1 -0.6
Pack years adult smoking proportion 1.2 1.8 4.9 -0.3 -2.2 -1.4 -1.3 2.0 -0.8 0.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -2.0 -1.0 -2.1
Impedance of leg (right) 1.5 7.1 20.0 0.6 -4.0 0.2 -3.7 2.0 -1.9 -3.6 0.0 -2.5 -1.9 -4.5 0.0 -3.5
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.9 4.9 16.8 0.3 3.0 1.1 3.7 -0.4 2.8 1.7 0.0 0.5 0.1 4.1 0.9 3.3
Trunk fat percentage 0.4 1.6 5.9 -2.4 1.0 1.0 1.7 -0.3 0.4 1.0 0.0 1.7 1.7 0.4 -1.1 1.0
Hand grip strength (right) 0.4 1.1 4.6 0.4 -0.7 0.5 -1.5 0.1 0.3 -1.4 0.0 -2.1 -1.6 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 1.3 1.8 5.7 -1.8 -2.2 -1.2 -1.2 -0.0 -1.4 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 -2.4 -1.4 -1.9
Current tobacco smoking 0.9 1.4 4.8 -1.9 -0.8 -0.4 -0.9 0.3 -1.2 0.6 0.0 1.1 1.2 -2.2 -0.8 -1.9
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.6 0.6 2.9 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 1.0 0.9 -0.6 0.0 -1.5 -1.7 -0.8 0.4 -0.2
Maternal smoking around birth 0.5 0.7 2.3 0.9 -1.2 -0.5 -0.8 1.2 0.4 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 -1.5 0.7 -1.1
Fed-up feelings 1.6 2.9 10.9 -0.4 -2.3 -1.1 -1.5 -0.2 -1.9 0.1 0.0 1.5 1.7 -3.3 -1.9 -2.2
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.6 0.8 2.2 -1.3 -1.5 -0.9 -0.4 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.9 -1.3 -1.3 -1.0
Relative age voice broke 0.6 0.9 2.6 -0.7 0.7 -1.4 -0.1 1.1 0.4 -1.3 0.0 -1.6 -1.5 0.4 -0.1 -0.2
Taking other prescription medications 0.5 0.8 2.3 0.0 -0.6 -1.1 -0.3 1.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 -1.5 -1.5 -0.7 -0.7 -1.1
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.1 0.4 2.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.8
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.5 0.5 1.6 -0.3 -0.2 1.2 -0.4 -1.2 -1.0 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.1
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.4 0.8 2.5 -1.0 -1.6 -1.5 -0.6 1.5 0.3 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 0.1 -0.9
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.8 0.8 3.3 -0.2 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.8 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.5 -0.5 1.6 0.5
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 2.2 2.9 12.0 -1.1 -2.8 -2.5 -0.6 1.6 1.0 -0.1 0.0 0.9 0.4 -3.5 0.3 -2.2
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 1.2 1.4 3.7 -1.0 -1.3 -1.1 -1.1 0.9 -0.2 -1.9 0.0 -1.1 -1.0 -1.7 -1.2 -1.5
High blood pressure 0.7 2.0 9.8 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.2 -1.1 -0.1 2.0 0.0 1.1 1.6 3.1 0.5 1.3
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 1.0 2.1 5.3 -1.6 -1.7 -1.6 -0.5 -1.4 -0.8 2.3 0.0 1.8 1.6 -1.3 -1.9 -0.9
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.9 2.4 7.7 0.8 2.0 2.5 2.2 -0.5 0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 2.8 1.3 2.2
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.9 -1.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.8
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.5 0.7 2.1 -0.3 0.8 1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -1.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.7 -0.9 0.1
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 2.6 -0.2 0.3 -1.2 0.7 -0.6 -1.2 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 -1.6 0.7
Medication: Atenolol 0.3 0.4 1.6 -0.1 0.9 1.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.3 -0.5 0.1
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.8 1.3 3.3 1.8 -0.1 -0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 -1.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 1.5 1.8 0.3
Sitting height 1.0 7.2 20.6 3.4 2.9 2.1 2.1 0.5 2.9 -0.4 0.0 -3.0 -3.0 4.5 3.0 3.0
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.7 2.0 7.5 1.1 -1.5 -1.5 -1.2 2.7 0.6 -1.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 -2.3 0.9 -1.4
High blood pressure (mother) 0.9 1.3 3.5 1.1 1.4 0.5 1.3 -0.2 1.3 1.9 0.0 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.4 1.1
Body mass index (BMI) 0.6 2.7 6.6 -2.1 1.6 0.8 2.6 -0.6 1.5 1.7 0.0 2.4 2.1 1.3 -1.0 1.6
Impedance of leg (left) 1.6 7.6 20.6 0.2 -3.9 -0.0 -4.0 1.8 -2.4 -3.4 0.0 -2.8 -1.9 -4.5 -0.5 -3.8
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.9 5.0 16.6 0.3 3.1 1.2 3.7 -0.4 2.8 1.7 0.0 0.5 0.1 4.1 0.8 3.4
Trunk fat mass 0.4 1.8 5.5 -1.9 1.6 1.1 2.3 -0.2 1.1 1.2 0.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 -0.7 1.6
Waist circumference 0.5 1.7 6.6 -0.5 1.3 1.0 2.6 0.2 2.1 1.5 0.0 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.6
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.7 2.8 10.5 -0.1 1.1 2.5 0.8 -3.2 -0.2 1.2 0.0 1.6 2.1 1.6 -2.1 1.6
Past tobacco smoking 0.3 0.5 2.1 1.0 -0.5 -1.5 0.7 -0.1 0.6 -0.8 0.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.9 0.2 0.4
Alcohol usually taken with meals 1.2 1.9 4.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.2 -0.9 0.4 0.1 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 2.1 0.7 2.1
Nervous feelings 0.4 0.8 3.8 -0.5 -0.4 1.7 0.1 -1.9 0.4 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 -0.6 0.7
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 1.9 0.1 -1.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -1.4 -0.7 -0.9
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.5 0.8 3.0 0.9 -0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 -1.1 -1.2 0.0 -1.7 -1.7 -0.6 0.4 0.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 2.3 3.0 10.1 -0.0 1.4 2.4 3.2 -1.1 1.8 0.8 0.0 1.4 1.0 2.3 1.1 2.5
Had menopause 0.6 0.7 2.9 1.1 1.7 1.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.6 1.0
Had other major operations 0.8 0.9 2.9 -0.8 -1.7 -1.0 0.1 1.7 -0.2 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -1.4 -0.5 -0.7
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.2 0.6 1.3 1.1 -0.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.9 -1.0 0.0 -1.1 -1.0 1.0 0.6 0.4
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.2 0.5 2.4 -0.5 -1.1 -1.6 -0.5 0.9 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.6 0.4 0.1 -1.0
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.4 0.5 1.4 -1.1 0.7 -0.1 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 1.0
Qualifications: None of the above 1.0 2.2 7.7 -1.1 -1.1 -0.0 -1.5 1.8 0.2 -2.2 0.0 -1.5 -1.4 -2.8 -0.4 -2.0
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 1.1 1.5 5.1 0.6 -2.3 -1.1 -1.3 0.8 -0.3 -1.4 0.0 -1.0 -0.9 -1.9 -0.4 -1.9
Mouth/teeth dental problems 2.2 3.3 12.9 0.4 2.9 1.5 1.9 -1.9 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.7 1.0 3.6 -0.2 2.9
Heart attack 0.4 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.4 -0.8 -0.3 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 -1.4 -1.3 -0.0 -0.5 -0.6
Allergy 0.9 2.2 5.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 0.0 0.6 -0.0 -2.3 0.0 -1.6 -1.0 1.6 1.7 0.8
Pain all over the body in last month 1.1 1.2 4.5 -0.9 -1.6 -2.1 -0.7 1.0 -0.6 -1.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 -1.4 -0.3 -1.2
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.7 -0.2
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 2.2 2.9 6.4 -2.0 -2.4 -1.7 -1.8 -1.1 -1.7 1.7 0.0 0.9 1.3 -1.7 -2.5 -1.7
Medication: Ramipril 0.5 0.6 1.8 -0.9 0.9 1.0 -1.1 -0.6 -0.6 1.3 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.4 -0.2 -0.3
Medication: Simvastatin 0.6 0.9 3.7 1.9 -0.5 0.6 -0.6 1.9 0.6 -0.9 0.0 -0.7 -0.6 -0.9 0.5 -1.1
Fluid intelligence score 0.5 1.1 3.8 1.1 0.9 -0.4 -0.1 -1.9 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.7 1.9 1.3 0.9
Illnesses of siblings 1.2 1.7 3.2 1.6 -1.6 -0.1 -1.8 1.5 0.6 -0.9 0.0 -1.7 -1.7 -1.0 1.4 -1.1
Neuroticism score 0.5 1.0 3.2 -0.3 -0.8 1.1 -0.3 -1.5 -0.9 0.4 0.0 1.8 1.8 -0.1 -1.1 0.2
Weight 0.6 3.0 9.4 -0.3 2.5 1.5 3.1 -0.1 2.3 1.2 0.0 0.5 0.3 2.8 0.2 2.5
Impedance of arm (right) 0.4 1.8 6.7 -0.1 -2.1 -0.6 -2.2 0.5 -1.6 -0.9 0.0 -0.7 -0.4 -2.6 0.5 -1.7
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.7 2.6 8.4 -2.6 0.9 0.2 2.1 -0.5 1.0 1.7 0.0 2.9 2.6 0.1 -1.2 1.1
Trunk fat-free mass 0.7 3.8 12.5 1.9 2.2 0.7 2.9 0.5 2.7 0.5 0.0 -1.2 -1.5 3.5 1.4 2.5
Hip circumference 0.4 1.7 6.2 -0.4 1.4 0.7 2.2 0.1 2.5 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.4 1.8 -0.0 1.6
Time employed in main current job 0.4 0.4 1.6 -0.4 0.2 0.8 1.3 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.5 0.4 1.1
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1 0.4 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.7
Father’s age at death 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.5 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 0.0 -0.6 -0.5 0.9 -0.4 0.6
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.2 0.3 1.7 1.3 -0.1 0.9 0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 -0.5 -0.6 -0.0 0.3 0.7
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 -0.5 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.6 0.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.4
Falls in the last year 0.5 0.6 3.0 -0.5 -0.7 0.7 0.3 1.7 0.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.9 -1.4 0.8 -0.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.7 1.0 3.0 0.1 -1.6 -0.8 -1.5 -0.2 -1.7 -0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 -0.9 -0.9 -1.4
Number of live births 0.9 1.3 3.9 -0.1 -1.4 -0.7 -1.9 1.0 -0.4 -0.7 0.0 -0.9 -0.6 -1.4 -1.2 -2.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.8 -0.6 1.2 0.2 0.3
Pulse rate 0.9 1.5 4.0 0.7 -1.4 -1.5 -1.3 0.5 -1.3 -1.9 0.0 -1.1 -0.6 -2.0 0.5 -1.5
Happiness 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.8 -0.6 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.0 0.3
Noisy workplace 1.2 1.5 3.8 0.0 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6 1.9 0.6 -1.7 0.0 -1.9 -1.7 -1.7 -0.4 -1.4
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.4 0.8 3.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.0 0.3 -1.7 -0.8 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 1.7 -1.6 0.2
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 1.4 1.6 4.6 0.9 -1.8 -1.4 -1.7 1.5 -1.1 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.8 -1.6 0.1 -2.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 1.5 2.6 9.0 -1.3 -2.2 -1.2 -2.4 0.8 -1.7 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 -3.0 -0.2 -2.7
Asthma 0.5 0.9 6.3 -0.4 -0.9 -0.6 1.3 1.0 2.5 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 -0.5 0.5 -0.0
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.7 2.2 6.3 -0.4 -1.8 -0.2 -2.5 0.4 -1.2 -1.5 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -2.4 -1.5 -2.5
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 1.1 -0.0 -0.0
Depression (self-reported) 1.7 2.0 7.2 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.5 2.7 0.9 -2.6 0.0 -2.0 -2.1 -0.0 1.4 0.0
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.5 -0.2 -1.2 -0.5 1.2 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 0.9 -0.5
Prospective memory result 0.6 0.7 2.4 -0.8 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 -0.1 -1.0 0.0 -1.5 -1.2 0.4 -0.4 0.8
Lung cancer (father) 1.1 1.3 4.8 1.1 -0.8 -0.9 0.5 2.2 1.6 -0.6 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.4 1.2 -1.0
Illnesses of mother 0.4 0.5 2.0 -1.4 -0.8 0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.3 -0.8 0.0 -0.8 -1.0 0.2 0.7 -0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.2 0.7 2.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 1.7 0.9 0.9
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 -0.5 1.0 -1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6
Impedance of arm (left) 0.3 1.3 5.6 0.0 -1.6 -0.1 -2.4 0.0 -1.8 -0.6 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 -1.7 0.6 -1.5
Arm fat mass (right) 0.6 2.5 8.2 -1.6 1.7 0.9 2.9 -0.0 2.1 1.5 0.0 1.9 1.6 1.3 -0.2 1.9
Trunk predicted mass 0.7 3.9 12.6 1.9 2.2 0.7 2.8 0.5 2.7 0.5 0.0 -1.4 -1.6 3.6 1.4 2.5
Standing height 0.7 7.4 17.8 4.0 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.2 2.1 -1.1 0.0 -4.2 -4.1 3.7 3.1 2.3
Length of working week for main job 1.2 1.3 2.9 -1.6 -1.7 0.1 -1.3 -1.0 -1.2 0.9 0.0 0.8 1.0 -1.6 -1.1 -1.3
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.1 1.3 3.5 -0.5 -1.6 -1.1 -1.0 1.9 0.6 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -1.7 0.4 -1.9
Breastfed as a baby 0.8 1.1 3.5 0.1 1.6 -0.4 0.7 -1.1 0.3 1.1 0.0 1.1 1.2 1.9 0.3 1.2
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.7 1.1 3.3 -1.1 0.1 0.8 0.9 -1.6 -1.0 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.0 1.8 -0.8 1.3
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.7 -0.7 -1.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.4 -0.6 0.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.2 0.4 3.7 0.2 0.3 -1.9 -0.9 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.2 0.3 -0.4
Birth weight of first child 2.3 4.1 8.9 0.9 -2.6 -1.3 -2.9 3.0 -0.7 -1.3 0.0 -2.2 -1.8 -2.8 -0.2 -2.9
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.2 0.4 2.3 -0.7 -0.3 -1.5 -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -1.0 -0.7
Pulse wave reflection index 0.6 0.7 2.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.2 1.5 -0.4 1.2
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.0 1.2 4.6 1.7 -0.2 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.0 -2.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 1.9 -0.2
Loud music exposure frequency 1.3 1.4 4.8 -0.5 -1.6 -1.3 -1.4 -0.0 -1.4 -0.9 0.0 0.2 0.6 -2.2 -1.3 -1.6
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.5 0.7 2.8 0.6 0.9 -0.1 1.5 -0.8 -0.1 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 1.7 0.1 1.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 3.3 4.3 12.7 1.1 -2.3 -1.5 -1.3 3.6 1.1 -2.2 0.0 -2.4 -2.8 -2.7 0.9 -2.2
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.2 0.3 1.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.9 0.8 0.6 -0.5 1.2 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.5 0.4 0.4
Medication: Paracetamol 3.0 4.9 19.6 -0.4 -3.4 -2.7 -2.4 1.4 -2.2 -0.8 0.0 -1.1 -0.5 -4.4 -0.7 -3.2
Headache pain in last month 1.1 1.9 7.5 1.3 -2.2 -1.2 -1.0 1.1 -0.9 -0.9 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -2.7 0.2 -1.9
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.3 0.6 2.4 -0.6 -1.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.4 -0.9 0.0 -0.0 -0.3 -1.5 -0.0 -0.3
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.7 2.0 7.8 1.7 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 -2.8 -2.8 1.2 1.9 0.8
Gout (self-reported) 0.6 0.8 3.6 -0.8 1.9 0.6 0.4 -1.0 0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.8 0.9 1.1 -0.3 1.2
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 1.6 3.2 9.7 2.5 1.6 0.4 2.3 -0.1 2.4 -1.8 0.0 -1.3 -1.7 3.1 1.2 1.7
Medication: Amlodipine 1.0 1.4 5.3 -0.5 0.1 -1.2 -2.3 -1.0 -0.9 1.8 0.0 1.0 1.4 -1.2 -0.9 -1.3
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.7 0.9 3.3 -1.0 -1.5 -1.8 0.1 0.7 1.0 -0.2 0.0 1.1 0.5 -1.1 0.6 -0.9
Birth weight 5.4 11.8 21.8 1.9 -3.7 -4.2 -4.7 4.7 -1.4 -3.3 0.0 -4.4 -3.8 -3.4 -0.2 -4.1
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.9 1.1 3.2 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -1.1 0.2 -1.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -0.3 -1.8 -1.7 -1.1
High blood pressure (siblings) 1.9 2.7 6.0 -1.2 2.5 0.3 2.1 -1.4 0.2 1.5 0.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 -1.3 1.8
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.3 1.1 2.3 1.0 0.0 0.6 1.5 0.4 0.9 -0.9 0.0 -1.4 -1.5 1.4 1.2 0.9
Body fat percentage 0.4 1.7 6.9 -2.6 0.7 0.8 1.6 -0.2 0.4 0.9 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.1 -1.3 0.8
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.4 1.3 5.1 -2.2 0.0 0.8 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 1.7 1.6 -0.7 -1.8 0.3
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.8 4.3 14.8 1.0 2.7 1.7 3.2 0.4 2.8 0.4 0.0 -1.0 -1.3 3.8 1.0 2.9
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.3 0.4 1.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.4 -0.1 -1.1 1.4 -0.7
Comparative body size at age 10 0.7 1.8 3.7 -1.9 0.6 1.2 0.8 -0.8 0.2 1.7 0.0 1.9 1.5 1.4 -1.8 1.5
Number of full brothers 1.6 2.1 5.7 -0.2 -1.7 -1.6 -2.0 1.4 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 -1.6 -1.3 -2.1 -0.8 -2.4
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.4 0.7 1.5 0.1 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0 -0.4 -0.9 1.1 0.0 0.7 0.7 -1.0 -1.2 -0.8
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.3 0.3 1.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.2 1.0 0.0 1.3 1.0 -0.1 -0.7 0.0
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.8 1.5 5.5 -0.2 -0.9 -2.4 -0.3 1.8 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.6 -2.3 -0.5 -1.5
Number of children fathered 0.9 1.0 2.3 -1.5 -1.3 -1.5 -1.0 0.5 -1.1 -0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -1.5 -1.0 -1.0
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 2.1 2.5 6.7 1.2 2.6 0.3 1.8 -0.7 0.2 -1.1 0.0 -1.6 -1.6 2.6 1.4 2.3
Age at first live birth 3.3 5.8 18.2 2.4 3.3 1.8 3.2 -1.0 1.8 0.4 0.0 -1.3 -1.5 3.9 1.9 4.3
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.5 0.6 2.0 -0.5 0.6 -0.7 1.4 -0.8 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -0.8 1.2 0.6 0.9
Health satisfaction 3.4 4.4 11.6 1.3 -2.1 -1.9 -0.9 3.4 1.3 -2.1 0.0 -2.8 -2.8 -2.1 2.2 -1.9
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 1.4 1.6 5.1 0.3 -2.1 -1.0 -1.4 1.2 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 -2.3 -0.9 -2.2
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.7 2.1 9.7 2.1 0.9 0.0 0.9 -2.0 -0.5 1.2 0.0 -0.4 -0.0 3.1 -0.7 2.2
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.8 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.5 0.8 0.0 1.0 1.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 2.6 3.1 8.3 0.7 -1.7 -1.1 -1.6 1.9 -0.6 -2.0 0.0 -2.9 -2.7 -2.3 -0.8 -1.9
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 1.3 1.4 5.9 0.8 -1.9 -1.5 -0.5 2.4 0.2 -1.2 0.0 -0.7 -0.8 -1.3 0.7 -1.1
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 3.1 5.3 17.1 0.7 3.4 1.7 3.1 -1.7 2.4 1.4 0.0 1.6 1.1 4.1 0.8 3.6
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.0 1.5 7.2 0.1 -1.7 -0.6 -0.9 1.9 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -2.7 -0.1 -2.0
Medication: Blood pressure 0.4 0.6 3.3 0.4 0.8 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.2 1.8 0.0 0.5 0.9 1.1 -0.7 0.1
Angina (self-reported) 0.8 1.1 2.2 -0.0 -1.4 -0.5 -1.3 1.5 0.5 -0.3 0.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.3 -0.6 -1.2
Migraine (self-reported) 1.8 2.2 9.0 1.2 -0.1 0.1 0.5 3.0 2.0 -1.5 0.0 -1.5 -2.0 -0.6 2.2 -0.2
Medication: Ibuprofen 1.6 1.9 5.6 -0.5 -1.7 0.1 -2.1 0.1 -1.1 -1.3 0.0 -0.1 0.4 -2.4 -1.8 -2.3
Medication: Allopurinol 1.0 1.3 3.2 -1.0 1.8 1.3 0.4 -1.2 1.0 0.6 0.0 1.5 1.6 1.2 -0.8 1.1
Medication: Omeprazole 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.7 0.9 2.4 -0.5 -0.8 -1.1 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.0 0.7 -0.2 -0.2 1.4 -0.0
Mean time to correctly identify matches 1.0 1.8 7.1 -0.2 2.7 1.9 1.4 -1.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.7
Heart disease (mother) 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.2 0.1 -0.6 -0.9 0.7 -1.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.5 -1.5 -0.4
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.5 0.6 2.8 -0.6 0.8 -0.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.0 1.7 1.4 -0.5 -0.1 0.2
Whole body fat mass 0.4 1.8 5.6 -1.8 1.5 1.1 2.4 -0.1 1.4 1.0 0.0 1.4 1.2 1.3 -0.5 1.7
Leg fat mass (right) 0.3 1.3 3.9 -2.0 0.8 0.8 1.9 0.1 1.2 0.9 0.0 1.5 1.3 0.4 -1.1 1.0
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.8 4.2 15.4 1.0 2.7 1.6 3.2 0.2 2.6 0.7 0.0 -0.8 -1.0 3.9 0.9 2.9
Pulse rate, automated reading 2.3 7.5 20.1 0.1 -3.3 -4.5 -3.7 1.4 -1.7 -2.5 0.0 -1.5 -0.7 -4.4 -1.2 -4.3
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.3 0.8 5.7 0.7 -0.2 -0.3 1.0 2.4 0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.9 -1.2 -0.3 0.7 -0.1
Comparative height size at age 10 0.3 1.5 5.4 2.3 0.7 2.3 0.9 0.1 0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.8 -0.8 1.5 1.3 1.2
Number of full sisters 2.2 2.7 6.2 -1.3 -1.6 -2.4 -1.4 0.3 -1.7 0.3 0.0 1.4 1.8 -1.6 -2.5 -2.4
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.5 0.7 2.7 -0.5 0.2 1.5 1.3 -1.6 1.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 -0.4 1.0
Overall health rating 0.5 1.0 4.5 0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 1.4 0.7 -1.6 0.0 -1.2 -1.1 -2.1 0.3 -1.0
Chest pain or discomfort 1.7 2.5 5.9 0.4 -2.4 -0.8 -1.3 2.4 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 -2.1 -2.3 -1.9 -0.3 -2.1
Had major operations 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.9 -0.1 -1.0 -0.2 0.6 0.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 1.2 0.2
Age at last live birth 2.5 3.6 9.3 2.0 1.3 -0.1 1.9 1.3 3.0 -1.2 0.0 -2.4 -2.6 1.9 2.0 2.2
Family relationship satisfaction 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.5 0.1 -0.9 0.6 -0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.0 0.2 -0.0 0.7 0.7 1.0
Leg pain on walking 2.1 2.7 7.1 -0.7 -2.5 -2.6 -0.2 2.4 0.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.9 -1.4 -2.7 -0.4 -2.2
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 1.5 1.8 3.9 -1.8 -2.0 -1.8 -1.9 0.1 -0.6 -1.3 0.0 0.2 0.5 -1.7 -0.7 -1.9
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 1.2 1.4 4.7 1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 2.2 1.1 -1.0 0.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.6 2.0 -0.9
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 1.6 1.9 5.9 -0.6 2.4 1.1 1.0 -2.1 -0.4 1.5 0.0 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.1 2.0
Medication: Aspirin 0.6 0.8 2.8 -0.3 -1.7 -0.7 -1.1 -0.0 -1.1 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.3 -0.8 -0.9 -1.6
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.7 0.9 5.7 0.0 0.9 0.9 -0.0 -2.4 -1.0 0.3 0.0 0.9 1.1 0.7 -0.3 0.3
Knee pain experienced in last month 2.5 3.8 13.3 -1.4 -2.2 -1.8 -2.4 2.7 -0.8 0.9 0.0 -0.0 -0.3 -3.6 -0.9 -3.4
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.7 1.9 9.0 0.4 1.7 1.2 0.4 -1.0 -0.1 2.0 0.0 1.2 1.7 3.0 0.2 1.2
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.6 -0.0 -0.9 0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.8 -0.2
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 1.0 1.4 4.3 -1.4 0.1 -0.2 -1.6 -0.7 -0.7 1.5 0.0 1.8 2.1 -0.6 -1.0 -1.4
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.9 2.3 4.8 -1.4 -1.6 -1.1 -0.6 -1.5 -1.3 2.0 0.0 2.0 2.2 -1.2 -1.8 -1.3
Smoking status: Previous 0.4 0.6 5.1 -0.5 1.3 2.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 -0.1 0.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 1.1 2.3 8.6 0.5 -0.5 -1.2 -0.1 1.5 1.0 -2.6 0.0 -2.9 -2.8 0.3 1.1 -1.0
Whole body fat-free mass 0.7 4.2 14.8 1.2 2.7 1.0 3.3 0.2 2.8 0.8 0.0 -0.6 -0.9 3.9 1.2 2.9
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.9 5.0 18.4 0.3 3.2 0.9 3.6 -0.4 2.7 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.1 4.3 0.8 3.3
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.8 3.0 9.1 -2.8 1.2 0.5 2.1 -0.7 1.0 1.9 0.0 3.0 2.7 0.6 -1.1 1.3
Average weekly red wine intake 0.6 0.8 2.8 1.7 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 -1.0 -1.5 0.9 0.7 1.2
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.7 0.8 2.6 0.3 0.4 -0.6 1.6 -0.9 -0.2 1.6 0.0 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0
Mood swings 1.5 2.7 8.9 -1.6 -2.1 -1.4 -2.0 -0.7 -2.1 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8 -3.0 -2.1 -1.9
Loneliness, isolation 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.5 0.3 0.8 0.3 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 -0.3 0.6
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 1.6 2.5 6.6 -1.4 -2.6 -1.8 -1.5 1.7 -0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.7 -0.6 -2.3 -2.0 -2.4
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -1.3 1.4 -0.8 0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.4 2.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.9 -0.4 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.8 -1.5 -0.9
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.6 0.7 4.0 2.0 -0.3 0.4 -0.5 1.0 0.8 -0.9 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 1.3 0.4
Friendships satisfaction 0.5 0.6 2.4 -0.9 0.9 -0.1 0.2 -1.5 -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.6 1.3 -0.6 0.4
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.5 0.7 1.9 0.1 1.2 -1.4 0.4 -1.0 -0.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.7 1.2 -1.2 0.8
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.6 0.7 2.2 0.1 1.4 1.5 1.0 -1.1 -0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.9 0.8
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.3 0.4 1.9 -0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.5 1.0 1.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -1.1 -0.0 0.2 0.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.6 0.9 2.9 -0.5 -1.1 -1.3 -0.6 -0.6 -1.7 -0.2 0.0 0.6 0.7 -1.2 -1.6 -0.8
Medication for cholesterol 0.5 0.8 2.2 -1.3 1.0 0.1 1.2 -1.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.7 0.5 -1.5 1.0
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.2 -1.0 -1.1 -0.1 0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.3
Back pain experienced in last month 3.1 4.5 10.5 1.7 -2.7 -0.6 -2.3 3.0 -1.4 -1.8 0.0 -2.3 -1.9 -3.2 0.2 -3.0
Mineral and other dietary supplements 1.2 1.6 4.8 0.6 -1.6 -2.2 0.2 1.6 1.1 -1.5 0.0 -0.7 -0.8 -2.1 0.5 -1.2
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.8 -1.3 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -1.4 0.5 -0.8
Asthma (self-reported) 0.4 0.9 6.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 1.6 0.8 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.3
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 2.5 -0.9 0.2 -1.0 -0.7 1.0 0.6 -1.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -1.3 -0.2 -1.6
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 2.6 3.3 7.5 -1.6 -1.5 0.3 -2.5 -0.4 -2.7 0.8 0.0 1.4 1.9 -2.3 -2.6 -2.4
Medication: Aspirin 0.8 1.0 2.4 -1.2 -1.4 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 -1.0 0.9 0.0 1.0 1.0 -0.8 -1.2 -1.5
Medication: Gliclazide 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 -1.1 -0.6
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.6 0.8 4.0 0.3 -0.2 -0.9 -0.2 -0.8 -2.0 -0.2 0.0 -1.3 -1.5 0.7 -0.1 0.5
Smoking status: Current 1.0 1.5 5.5 -1.7 -0.9 -0.4 -0.7 0.2 -1.1 0.9 0.0 1.4 1.5 -2.4 -0.7 -1.8
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.5 1.0 3.2 -0.3 -0.9 -1.6 -0.9 0.2 -1.8 -1.0 0.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.7 -1.0 -1.2
Whole body water mass 0.8 4.3 15.2 1.3 2.7 1.0 3.4 0.2 2.8 0.9 0.0 -0.6 -0.9 3.9 1.2 2.9
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.9 5.0 18.3 0.3 3.2 0.9 3.6 -0.4 2.7 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.2 4.3 0.8 3.3
Arm fat mass (left) 0.6 2.6 8.7 -1.7 1.9 1.0 3.0 -0.2 2.1 1.4 0.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 -0.4 1.9
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.3 0.6 2.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.6 0.5 -0.6 0.0 -1.1 -1.1 0.8 0.9 0.3
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.1 -1.4 -1.0 -0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.9 -0.7 -1.1
Miserableness 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.4 -0.2 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.7 -1.1 0.0 0.9 0.6 -0.8 0.6 0.1
Guilty feelings 0.4 0.7 2.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.9 -1.0 0.6 0.0 1.6 1.5 0.2 -0.6 0.6
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.7 0.9 3.1 0.1 1.8 0.8 1.0 -0.2 1.6 0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.6 0.9 0.4 1.5
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 1.2 1.3 3.6 0.3 -1.8 -1.7 -1.3 1.4 1.0 -0.6 0.0 -0.0 0.1 -1.6 0.1 -1.9
Hearing aid user 2.8 3.1 9.3 -0.8 -2.2 -1.4 -2.7 -0.2 -1.3 -0.6 0.0 -1.2 -0.9 -3.1 -2.1 -2.8
Mother’s age at death 2.2 2.7 6.7 1.1 2.6 -0.2 2.3 -1.6 1.0 2.0 0.0 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.0 2.4
Financial situation satisfaction 1.2 1.5 5.2 -0.2 -1.9 -1.5 -1.2 -0.0 -1.2 -1.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 -2.3 -0.4 -1.9
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.9 1.1 4.1 0.4 -0.5 1.5 -1.5 -0.6 -1.4 -0.3 0.0 -1.2 -0.5 -0.8 -2.0 -0.8
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 -0.6 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.5 1.0
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 2.0 2.4 9.5 2.3 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 1.3 0.9 -0.6 0.0 -3.1 -3.1 0.2 1.8 -0.0
Medication: Blood pressure 0.5 0.9 3.2 1.1 0.3 0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -0.8 0.9 0.0 1.4 1.8 1.5 0.6 0.0
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.8 1.0 2.8 1.6 -0.9 0.5 0.1 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.0 -0.0 -0.5 -0.7 1.3 -0.3
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.6 0.7 2.4 -0.4 0.6 1.6 -0.9 -1.3 -1.5 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -0.5 0.9 -0.7 0.0
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 1.6 2.8 9.6 3.1 0.8 1.6 0.6 2.0 1.8 -1.0 0.0 -1.7 -1.6 -0.0 3.0 0.5
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 1.5 2.4 7.2 1.2 0.8 1.6 0.6 -0.7 1.8 1.4 0.0 2.7 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.2
Medication: Paracetamol 2.5 3.8 13.4 -0.5 -3.0 -2.1 -1.9 0.3 -2.8 -1.3 0.0 -0.9 -0.4 -3.7 -1.2 -2.6
Medication: Lisinopril 0.2 0.3 1.4 1.0 0.2 -0.1 -1.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.3 -0.4
Medication: Atorvastatin 1.1 1.4 3.1 0.2 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 1.4 -0.5 0.4 0.0 -1.4 -1.3 -1.8 0.8 -1.6
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.5 0.6 3.1 -1.1 0.1 1.5 0.7 0.2 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.2
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.5 0.6 2.5 0.9 1.3 0.4 1.6 0.4 -0.2 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.2 1.0
Ever smoked 0.8 1.4 3.9 -1.2 1.2 1.3 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 1.8 0.0 2.0 1.9 -0.3 -0.5 -0.0
Basal metabolic rate 0.7 4.1 13.0 0.8 2.6 1.1 3.4 0.3 3.0 0.9 0.0 -0.3 -0.6 3.6 1.0 2.9
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.4 1.5 6.4 -2.5 0.1 0.8 1.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.0 1.7 1.7 -0.6 -2.1 0.2
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.7 3.6 11.1 1.0 2.4 1.4 3.3 0.5 2.7 0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.9 3.3 0.8 2.6
Number of operations (self-reported) 1.3 2.0 8.2 -0.2 -1.7 -1.9 -0.8 2.9 1.4 -0.6 0.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.9 1.0 -1.0
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.6 0.9 3.1 -1.7 -0.8 -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 -1.0 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.7 -0.6 -0.2 -1.0
Irritability 0.7 1.2 4.1 -0.6 -0.4 1.1 0.2 -1.1 -0.7 0.9 0.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 -1.1 0.9
Risk taking 0.5 0.8 2.3 0.7 -0.9 0.2 -1.3 1.0 0.2 -1.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 -1.4 -0.1 -1.5
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.7 0.8 3.5 -0.6 0.4 1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.9 0.6 0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -1.6 -0.6
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 1.5 1.9 4.5 -0.3 -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 2.1 -0.3 -1.2 0.0 -2.1 -2.1 -1.6 0.7 -1.8
Age started oral contraceptive pill 2.0 2.6 5.9 1.2 2.3 1.8 1.3 -2.0 -1.2 1.3 0.0 1.5 1.5 2.4 -0.5 1.9
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.2 0.5 2.0 0.9 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 1.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.3 -0.2
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.4 0.5 1.9 -0.3 -0.1 -1.0 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.9 0.8
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 1.2 1.6 5.4 0.9 -1.1 -0.8 -1.7 1.3 0.2 -2.3 0.0 -1.0 -0.8 -1.4 1.4 -1.4
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.3 0.4 2.2 -1.3 1.5 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.8 0.4
Myopia 1.5 2.2 6.1 0.4 2.5 1.1 1.8 -1.8 -0.3 1.5 0.0 1.2 1.0 2.1 0.1 2.2
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.5 1.3 8.1 -0.8 -1.4 -0.8 -0.1 0.7 0.0 -1.5 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 -2.8 -0.0 -1.0
Cholesterol lowering medication 1.5 2.1 6.4 1.5 -2.1 0.2 -0.9 2.3 0.1 -1.5 0.0 -1.0 -1.2 -2.5 0.8 -1.8
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 1.0 -0.5 0.7 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.2 0.9 -0.2
Pain experienced in last month 1.9 3.2 12.6 -0.2 2.8 1.0 1.1 -2.8 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.2 1.2 3.5 -0.1 2.7
Supplements: Calcium 0.4 0.5 2.5 -1.6 0.1 1.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.6 -1.1 -0.0
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.7 0.8 4.6 2.1 -1.6 -0.4 -1.1 1.1 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.6 0.5 -0.8
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.4 0.1 -0.9 -0.8 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.0 -1.4 -1.2 -0.4 -0.6 -1.0
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.3 -1.1 0.4 0.6 -0.8 1.1 0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 -0.1
Heart disease (siblings) 0.2 0.2 1.5 1.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.7 -0.3
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.5 1.7 4.5 -1.9 -1.2 -1.1 -0.8 2.1 -0.8 -1.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.9 -2.0 -0.6 -1.7
Pack years of smoking 1.1 1.7 4.3 -0.7 -2.1 -1.2 -1.3 1.6 -0.9 0.6 0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -2.0 -1.3 -2.0
Impedance of whole body 0.7 3.6 9.7 0.0 -2.6 0.2 -3.1 0.8 -2.3 -2.2 0.0 -1.8 -1.2 -3.0 0.2 -2.4
Leg fat mass (left) 0.4 1.5 4.2 -2.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 0.0 1.2 1.0 0.0 1.5 1.3 0.7 -1.2 1.1
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.7 3.6 11.0 1.1 2.4 1.4 3.3 0.6 2.6 0.2 0.0 -0.7 -1.0 3.3 0.8 2.7