Hub : Genes

SMAD9

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.2530 0.0480 1.6e-08 0.156 0.123 0.149 0.156 0.157 1.5e-18 8.8e-15 9.4e-18 1.5e-18 1.2e-18
2 GTEx Brain Cerebellum 0.3140 0.1090 9.1e-03 0.070 NA 0.209 NA 0.195 4.2e-03 NA 8.3e-07 NA 2.0e-06
3 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.1587 0.0562 2.5e-03 0.112 NA 0.149 NA 0.135 2.5e-08 NA 1.0e-10 NA 8.1e-10
4 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0627 0.0235 3.5e-04 0.021 0.016 0.031 NA 0.018 2.5e-05 2.0e-04 5.1e-07 NA 8.4e-05
5 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.0815 0.0330 1.9e-03 0.029 0.008 0.049 NA 0.043 2.5e-04 3.7e-02 2.9e-06 NA 1.1e-05
6 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.1477 0.0433 1.2e-08 0.092 0.082 0.102 NA 0.103 6.8e-10 6.1e-09 7.7e-11 NA 7.0e-11
7 TCGA Testicular Germ Cell Tumors 0.2880 0.0900 2.6e-04 0.081 0.115 0.094 NA 0.064 8.1e-04 7.6e-05 3.3e-04 NA 2.8e-03

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.9 1.4 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.6 -0.9
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.7 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.4 -0.0 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.2 -1.0
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.5 2.0 0.2 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.0 -0.7 -0.0
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.4 1.1 3.9 0.5 -2.0 0.2 -0.0 0.7 1.5 -0.9
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.0 -0.0 0.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.8 -0.1
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.4 0.8 1.9 -1.3 -0.2 -0.2 -1.0 -1.4 -0.8 0.1
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.7 1.0 2.3 -1.5 -0.5 -0.9 -1.3 -1.2 0.0 -0.3
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.6 1.2 5.4 -0.2 1.0 0.3 0.0 -0.9 -2.3 1.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.7 0.8 3.1 -0.9 -0.2 -0.0 -1.8 -0.9 0.2 -0.8
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 1.0 1.1 2.3 -1.5 -0.3 -0.9 -1.5 -1.3 0.6 0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 1.5 2.2 6.1 -2.0 -0.2 -0.7 -2.5 -1.6 1.0 -1.0
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.5 1.2 2.6 -1.1 -1.6 -1.0 -1.1 -1.2 -0.2 0.9
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.8 1.9 4.5 -1.2 -0.8 -0.6 -1.5 -1.7 -1.0 2.1
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.6 1.0 3.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -1.2 -1.0 1.9
Major Depression (MDD) 0.6 0.8 2.4 0.0 1.1 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6 -1.5 0.8
Reaction Time 0.8 1.5 2.9 -1.3 -1.3 -0.1 -1.7 -1.3 -0.9 1.1
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.6 1.3 2.7 0.9 -1.4 0.1 0.5 1.3 1.4 -1.6
Breast Cancer 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.0 -1.0
Ovarian Cancer 3.6 4.8 12.1 -2.7 -2.0 -1.6 -3.5 -2.2 -0.0 -1.6
Prostate Cancer 0.7 1.0 4.0 -0.2 -1.0 -0.4 0.3 0.6 1.1 -2.0
Age at First Birth 0.4 0.6 2.5 -0.2 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.2 -0.6
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.5 0.5 1.3 -0.9 0.2 -1.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 0.1
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.9 1.1 1.7 -1.2 1.1 -0.8 -1.0 -1.3 -1.2 -0.1
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.9 3.1 7.5 -2.1 -2.7 -2.2 -1.7 -1.6 0.1 0.0
Mean Putamen Volume 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 -1.1
Fasting Glucose 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.4 0.2
HbA1C 1.2 1.3 2.9 1.3 -0.6 0.2 1.1 1.4 1.7 -1.1
HDL Cholesterol 0.4 0.6 1.8 -0.5 0.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 1.3
LDL Cholesterol 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.0 -0.0 0.1 -0.4
Lupus 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.0 1.2 0.5 0.4 -0.0 -0.9 0.4
Neuroticism (2016) 0.6 0.9 3.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 -0.0 -1.8 1.4
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.5 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.1 -1.2 1.3
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.6 0.8 3.4 -0.3 -0.4 1.2 -0.1 0.2 0.9 -1.9
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.5 1.0 1.9 -1.3 -0.3 -0.0 -1.3 -1.4 -1.1 0.5
Triglycerides 0.5 0.8 2.4 -0.7 -1.5 -0.9 -0.5 -0.1 0.6 -0.9
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.8 0.9 2.3 0.8 -0.3 -1.5 0.8 0.5 -0.4 1.5
Ulcerative Colitis 0.8 1.2 2.9 -0.7 0.1 -0.6 -0.9 -1.1 -1.7 1.6
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.4 3.5 7.4 -1.5 0.8 -0.9 -1.9 -2.5 -2.7 1.9
Blood Platelet Count 0.0 0.6 1.8 0.1 1.3 -1.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.3
Blood Red Count 0.8 7.8 18.0 -3.5 -2.0 -2.8 -4.2 -3.3 -1.0 -0.7
Blood White Count 0.9 7.0 15.8 -1.8 2.1 -1.4 -2.3 -3.0 -4.0 3.0
Heel T-Score 4.2 33.8 67.1 -5.0 0.7 -2.3 -6.2 -7.0 -7.1 8.2
BMI 0.3 1.6 3.8 0.1 -1.0 -1.6 0.2 0.6 1.8 -1.9
Height 1.5 29.7 46.6 6.0 3.6 6.5 6.8 6.7 4.5 -2.4
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.2 0.8 3.3 -0.6 0.2 0.1 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 1.8
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.5 2.7 7.8 -1.3 -1.7 -2.8 -1.5 -1.0 0.5 -1.7
Smoking Status 1.2 2.8 5.0 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.0 0.3 -0.1
Allergy or Eczema 0.4 1.0 1.8 0.7 -1.3 -0.3 0.7 1.0 1.4 -1.1
Cardiovascular Disease 0.1 0.4 1.7 -0.1 -0.4 -1.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.6
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.5 1.2 2.2 1.1 0.5 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 -0.0
Respiratory disease 1.5 3.3 12.9 0.7 3.6 0.9 0.4 -0.3 -2.1 2.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.4 0.7 1.7 -0.4 -0.9 -1.2 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8 1.3
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.9 4.8 11.7 -1.7 -3.4 -1.3 -1.4 -0.2 2.8 -2.7
Lung FVC 0.1 0.3 0.6 -0.8 0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.8 -0.0 0.4
Neuroticism 0.1 0.2 1.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.3 -1.1 -0.1
Chronotype (morning person) 0.6 1.4 5.1 0.3 1.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.5 -2.3 1.5
Hair Pigment 0.4 11.6 21.4 -4.6 -3.4 -3.3 -3.7 -2.8 3.0 -2.6
Tanning 0.0 0.4 1.6 0.4 -1.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2
Hand grip strength (left) 0.5 1.3 4.0 0.0 -1.8 -2.0 0.0 0.4 1.1 -0.6
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 -0.8
Average weekly spirits intake 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 -0.9 0.1
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.3 -0.4 -0.7
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 1.2 1.6 3.2 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.2 -0.1 -1.2
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.7 -0.1 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 -1.3
Relative age of first facial hair 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4 -0.7 -0.4 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.1
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.2 -0.6
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.6 0.8 3.8 0.3 -1.0 -0.6 0.3 -0.0 -0.5 1.9
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.0 0.7
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.9 2.5 6.3 -1.3 -1.8 -2.5 -1.7 -1.0 0.8 -1.4
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.0 -0.0 0.8 0.1 -0.1 -0.9 0.3
Angina 1.9 2.5 6.0 0.8 2.4 0.6 0.2 -0.3 -2.2 2.3
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 2.1 2.4 8.2 0.5 -2.4 0.3 0.4 1.1 2.9 -0.8
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.9 1.3 1.8 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 -1.0
Supplements: Zinc 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 -0.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.4
Medication: Co-codamol 0.9 1.0 3.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.1 1.7 -1.2
Medication: Metformin 0.5 0.7 1.5 -1.2 -0.9 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 -0.1 0.3
Diabetes (father) 4.0 4.9 6.7 2.3 1.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.1 -1.7
Diabetes (mother) 0.3 0.4 1.1 -0.2 1.0 0.3 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 0.5
Severe depression (siblings) 0.6 0.6 3.1 0.4 -0.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.8 1.8
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.7 1.1 5.2 0.5 2.3 0.9 0.9 0.3 -0.8 -0.2
Impedance of leg (right) 0.5 2.7 9.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 -1.5 -2.4 3.0
Leg fat-free mass (left) 2.0 10.6 17.3 3.3 0.1 2.0 3.6 4.2 3.8 -3.8
Trunk fat percentage 0.5 1.9 5.7 -0.3 -1.5 -2.4 0.4 0.3 1.0 -1.9
Hand grip strength (right) 0.6 1.8 3.1 1.1 -1.6 -1.0 1.0 1.4 1.7 -1.3
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.1 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.8
Current tobacco smoking 0.8 1.3 3.2 1.3 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.0 -0.6 0.5
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.8 -1.3 -0.3 -0.0 0.3 -1.2 0.2
Maternal smoking around birth 0.4 0.6 1.6 -1.1 -0.6 0.3 -0.9 -0.6 0.3 -1.3
Fed-up feelings 0.7 1.3 2.8 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.5 0.5 -1.4
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.6 0.7 2.2 -0.6 1.5 0.2 0.0 -0.6 -1.3 -0.7
Relative age voice broke 0.3 0.4 2.1 0.4 -1.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4
Taking other prescription medications 0.2 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 -0.3 -1.2 -0.1
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.4 0.9 1.8 -1.3 0.3 -0.6 -1.1 -1.2 0.3 -1.0
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.2 1.4 3.8 -0.0 1.5 1.0 0.1 -0.7 -1.6 1.9
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 2.9 6.7 17.6 -1.7 0.0 -0.7 -2.6 -2.8 -3.3 4.2
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 1.2 1.3 2.4 1.5 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.0 -0.1
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 1.4 1.8 2.8 -1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -1.5 -1.6 -0.5 0.1
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.9 1.1 3.1 -0.9 0.1 0.0 -0.4 -1.1 -1.8 1.6
High blood pressure 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 -0.0 0.6 0.7 0.4 -0.4
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.5 1.1 1.7 1.0 -1.2 -0.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 -1.1
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.4 0.5 1.9 -0.2 0.0 -1.4 -0.2 -0.5 -0.8 0.9
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.4 0.5 2.8 -0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.6 -1.7 -0.0
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.7
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 4.0 -1.2 -0.3 -0.3 -2.0 -1.2 -0.7 -0.4
Medication: Atenolol 0.6 0.7 2.7 -0.0 0.6 -1.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.7 1.6
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.4 2.4 4.9 1.9 1.4 1.3 2.2 1.9 0.8 0.8
Sitting height 1.4 9.7 16.7 3.7 0.7 3.3 3.5 4.1 3.0 -2.2
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.8 2.1 4.2 -1.1 1.7 -0.6 -1.2 -1.6 -2.0 1.5
High blood pressure (mother) 0.9 1.3 2.7 -0.9 -1.3 -1.6 -1.0 -1.0 -1.2 0.7
Body mass index (BMI) 0.5 2.1 6.0 -0.1 -1.4 -1.8 0.3 0.6 1.8 -2.4
Impedance of leg (left) 0.9 4.2 10.1 -1.6 -0.1 -1.4 -1.4 -2.3 -2.8 3.2
Leg predicted mass (left) 2.0 10.4 16.8 3.2 0.1 2.0 3.6 4.1 3.8 -3.8
Trunk fat mass 0.6 2.4 5.7 0.7 -1.3 -1.4 1.2 1.3 1.8 -2.4
Waist circumference 0.3 1.1 2.0 0.6 -0.7 -0.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 -1.4
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.2
Past tobacco smoking 0.3 0.6 1.0 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 -1.0 -0.8 0.8
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.0 -0.5 -1.1 0.9
Nervous feelings 0.5 0.9 3.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.7 -0.2 -1.0 -1.8 1.2
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.2 -0.3 0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.6
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.3 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -1.2 1.1
Had menopause 0.5 0.6 1.4 -0.3 -0.9 -1.0 -0.6 -0.1 1.2 -0.9
Had other major operations 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 -1.3
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.4 1.5 3.4 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.0 2.4 8.1 -0.7 -0.3 -0.7 -1.5 -1.6 -1.7 2.8
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.8 0.0 -1.1 0.4
Qualifications: None of the above 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.0 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 1.3
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.8 1.0 4.9 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.5 -2.2 1.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.7 1.0 3.7 0.1 -0.5 -1.0 -0.0 -0.3 -1.9 1.5
Heart attack 3.4 4.4 14.1 0.1 1.4 -1.2 -0.7 -1.3 -3.3 3.8
Allergy 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.9 0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.6
Pain all over the body in last month 1.0 1.1 4.6 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.3 -0.4 -1.4 2.1
Diabetes (self-reported) 1.7 2.7 4.2 -1.5 -1.2 -2.0 -1.4 -1.9 -1.8 1.4
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.4 0.6 2.0 -0.4 -1.1 -1.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2 0.1
Medication: Ramipril 0.4 0.6 1.4 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.4 -0.4 0.5
Medication: Simvastatin 0.5 0.8 1.4 -0.9 0.8 -0.5 -0.9 -1.2 -1.2 0.5
Fluid intelligence score 0.8 1.7 4.5 1.2 -0.3 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.5 -2.1
Illnesses of siblings 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.5 -1.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 -0.1
Neuroticism score 0.2 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.1 -1.4 -0.1
Weight 1.2 5.7 10.5 2.1 -0.5 0.4 2.6 2.9 3.1 -3.2
Impedance of arm (right) 0.2 0.9 2.8 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 -0.2 -1.7 1.5
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.4 1.5 4.1 0.2 -0.9 -1.7 0.6 0.7 1.5 -2.0
Trunk fat-free mass 1.9 11.0 18.8 3.6 0.6 2.8 3.6 4.3 3.8 -3.1
Hip circumference 1.1 4.7 12.6 1.6 -0.5 -0.3 2.2 2.4 2.7 -3.5
Time employed in main current job 1.2 1.4 3.1 -1.7 0.4 -0.8 -1.6 -1.7 -0.3 0.7
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.8
Father’s age at death 0.8 1.1 2.8 -0.9 1.2 0.1 -0.9 -1.1 -1.7 0.7
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.5 0.9 3.9 0.3 2.0 0.1 0.5 -0.3 -1.1 1.0
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.0 -0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.8 0.6
Falls in the last year 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.6 0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 0.7
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.7 1.1 3.4 0.5 -1.8 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.6 -1.0
Number of live births 0.4 0.5 2.4 -0.3 -0.6 -1.5 -0.6 -0.3 0.5 0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.3 0.9 1.7 0.7 0.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 -0.7
Pulse rate 0.7 1.2 3.0 -0.9 -1.7 -1.1 -0.6 -0.2 1.5 -0.7
Happiness 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 -0.1 -0.8
Noisy workplace 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.7 -0.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 -0.0 0.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 1.3 2.9 6.5 2.1 1.9 2.6 1.7 1.6 -0.3 -0.3
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 1.5 1.7 4.0 -1.2 -0.9 -1.0 -1.4 -1.6 -2.0 0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.8 1.3 2.7 -1.2 0.9 0.3 -1.2 -0.5 1.6 -1.6
Asthma 0.6 1.2 3.6 -0.1 1.9 -0.2 -0.4 -0.9 -1.7 1.0
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.5 0.6 2.4 0.4 -1.5 -0.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 -0.2
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 1.0 1.6 4.2 -1.0 0.2 -1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -2.0 0.7
Depression (self-reported) 1.8 2.1 4.7 -1.9 -0.2 -0.7 -2.0 -2.2 -1.4 -0.1
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.8 0.9 4.3 -0.0 0.1 -0.6 0.1 -0.5 -1.2 2.1
Prospective memory result 1.7 2.1 4.2 1.3 1.8 2.0 1.1 0.8 -1.4 1.3
Lung cancer (father) 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.2 0.7 -0.5 1.0 1.1 0.0 0.2
Illnesses of mother 1.4 1.7 3.0 1.5 0.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 -0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.5 1.7 3.3 0.8 -0.2 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.8 -1.6
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.8 0.9 4.8 -0.1 2.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 0.4
Impedance of arm (left) 0.3 1.3 4.3 -0.7 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -1.1 -2.1 1.7
Arm fat mass (right) 0.7 2.8 7.6 0.7 -0.9 -1.0 1.2 1.5 2.5 -2.7
Trunk predicted mass 1.9 10.7 18.6 3.6 0.6 2.7 3.5 4.3 3.7 -3.0
Standing height 1.7 17.0 27.7 5.0 2.0 4.6 5.2 5.3 3.1 -2.0
Length of working week for main job 1.5 1.7 3.3 0.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.3 -0.2
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.5 0.6 1.6 -0.6 0.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.9 -0.8 1.3
Breastfed as a baby 0.5 0.6 2.9 -0.1 -1.2 -1.7 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.0
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 1.4 2.4 6.6 -0.7 1.0 0.2 -1.0 -1.6 -2.6 2.2
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.5 0.7 2.7 0.0 1.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.7 -1.7 0.9
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.5 1.3 2.7 -1.6 -1.0 -1.1 -1.6 -0.9 0.1 -0.8
Birth weight of first child 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.0 -0.3
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 1.2 2.8 6.2 1.2 -0.5 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.5 -2.2
Pulse wave reflection index 1.6 2.0 5.1 -0.4 1.9 0.3 -1.1 -1.4 -2.3 1.5
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.5 0.6 2.3 0.3 -0.9 -0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.7 1.5
Loud music exposure frequency 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.0 -0.8 0.5
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.6 -0.2 0.5 0.3 -1.0 -0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.7 0.9 3.1 -1.0 -1.8 -1.1 -0.7 -0.8 0.3 -0.2
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.7 1.0 3.8 0.4 0.8 1.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 1.9
Medication: Paracetamol 0.4 0.6 3.4 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.6 1.8
Headache pain in last month 0.6 1.0 2.6 0.8 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.6 0.0
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.5 0.9 1.7 0.5 -0.6 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 -1.2
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.1
Gout (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.1 -1.3 -0.5 0.6 0.3 -0.0 0.5
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.6
Medication: Amlodipine 0.3 0.4 2.2 0.3 1.5 -0.2 -0.0 -0.1 -0.7 0.5
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 -1.0 0.0
Birth weight 1.4 3.1 7.9 0.6 -1.6 0.7 0.8 1.6 2.6 -2.8
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.6 0.7 2.6 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.9 1.2
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 -0.1 0.8 0.7 -0.6 0.1
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.8 3.1 5.1 1.9 0.9 2.0 2.3 2.2 1.4 -1.0
Body fat percentage 0.5 1.8 6.2 -0.4 -1.5 -2.5 0.1 0.0 1.0 -1.7
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.4 1.4 3.5 -0.0 -1.4 -1.9 0.4 0.4 1.3 -1.5
Arm fat-free mass (right) 1.2 6.2 12.0 2.4 -0.0 1.6 2.4 3.1 3.5 -2.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 2.5 3.3 6.4 -1.8 -0.4 -2.5 -1.6 -2.0 -2.2 1.5
Comparative body size at age 10 0.9 2.6 6.1 -1.4 -2.4 -2.5 -1.2 -0.7 0.6 -1.3
Number of full brothers 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 -0.7 0.8
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.6 -0.5 0.1 -0.4 -0.8 -0.9 0.2
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.4 0.5 1.1 -0.2 1.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 -1.0 1.0
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.5 0.8 2.8 -0.1 0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 -1.7 1.2
Number of children fathered 1.4 1.6 4.7 -1.8 -0.9 -0.2 -2.2 -1.4 0.5 -0.3
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.4 1.7 5.8 -1.2 -1.8 -2.4 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 -0.3
Age at first live birth 1.5 2.7 6.9 0.7 -0.1 1.3 1.5 1.5 2.3 -2.6
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.8 1.0 3.5 0.5 -1.9 -0.1 0.6 0.9 1.2 -0.6
Health satisfaction 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.9 -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.2 -0.4
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 1.0 1.2 4.0 0.2 0.9 0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -2.0 1.7
Qualifications: College or University degree 1.3 4.0 6.9 1.8 -0.2 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.6 -2.3
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 -0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.1 0.5 -0.9 0.4 -0.1 -0.8 -0.2
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 2.2 2.5 4.7 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.9 1.2 -0.8 2.2
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.6 1.1 3.9 -0.8 2.0 0.2 -0.7 -0.6 -0.0 -1.4
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.5 0.8 1.4 -1.2 0.6 -0.7 -0.9 -1.2 -0.7 0.5
Medication: Blood pressure 0.6 1.0 4.2 0.2 2.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.9 1.4
Angina (self-reported) 1.7 2.3 5.9 0.9 2.4 0.9 0.4 -0.1 -2.0 2.1
Migraine (self-reported) 3.3 4.1 7.0 -2.4 -1.2 -2.7 -2.0 -2.3 -2.2 0.3
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.8 1.0 2.6 0.5 -1.6 -0.1 0.6 1.0 1.4 -0.8
Medication: Allopurinol 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2
Medication: Omeprazole 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 -0.5 0.1
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.9
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.8 1.5 4.2 -1.6 -0.7 -0.3 -2.0 -1.6 -0.8 0.6
Heart disease (mother) 1.4 1.6 6.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -2.0 2.6
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.1
Whole body fat mass 0.6 2.4 6.4 0.6 -1.1 -1.4 1.2 1.3 2.0 -2.5
Leg fat mass (right) 0.6 2.4 5.9 0.8 -0.9 -1.0 1.3 1.4 2.1 -2.4
Arm predicted mass (right) 1.2 6.3 11.0 2.5 -0.0 1.7 2.5 3.2 3.3 -2.7
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.3 1.1 1.8 -0.9 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -0.7 0.5
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.4 1.0 2.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.2 -1.5 1.6
Comparative height size at age 10 1.1 6.1 10.9 2.9 0.1 2.1 3.1 3.3 2.3 -2.0
Number of full sisters 0.3 0.4 0.7 -0.6 -0.9 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 0.2
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.6 0.9 3.8 0.4 2.0 0.2 0.9 0.0 -1.0 0.4
Overall health rating 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.5 0.3
Chest pain or discomfort 2.0 2.9 7.4 -0.2 1.0 -0.9 -1.3 -1.5 -2.6 2.7
Had major operations 0.8 0.9 3.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4 -1.8
Age at last live birth 1.8 2.6 5.5 1.2 -0.7 0.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 -2.3
Family relationship satisfaction 0.4 0.5 1.6 -0.7 -0.1 -1.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7
Leg pain on walking 0.4 0.5 1.7 -0.4 0.9 0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 1.3
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 1.3 1.6 4.7 -1.1 -1.6 -2.2 -0.5 -0.8 0.2 -1.4
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 3.1 3.6 14.1 -1.4 -3.8 -2.3 -1.2 -0.7 1.1 -0.8
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 1.0 1.2 3.6 0.0 1.9 0.2 0.0 0.4 1.8 -1.1
Medication: Aspirin 0.6 0.7 2.4 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 -0.9 1.5
Supplements: Vitamin C 2.1 2.4 4.0 -1.4 -1.1 -1.2 -2.0 -1.8 -1.9 1.2
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.6 1.0 2.8 -0.9 -1.1 -1.7 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7 0.7
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 -0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.4
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 0.1
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.8 1.1 2.2 -1.2 -0.6 -1.2 -1.5 -1.2 -0.7 0.3
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.1 0.2 -0.8 -0.2 -0.3 -1.5 0.5
Smoking status: Previous 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 0.6 1.0 -0.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.7 1.5 2.8 1.4 -0.8 0.4 1.0 1.7 1.6 -1.1
Whole body fat-free mass 1.9 10.9 18.1 3.5 0.4 2.4 3.6 4.3 3.9 -3.5
Leg fat-free mass (right) 1.6 8.6 13.5 2.7 0.3 1.9 3.2 3.7 3.5 -3.6
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.4 1.6 4.5 -0.4 -1.2 -2.1 0.1 0.2 1.3 -1.9
Average weekly red wine intake 0.7 1.1 2.7 1.6 0.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 -0.0 0.8
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.8 1.1
Mood swings 1.0 1.8 3.3 1.8 0.3 1.5 1.8 1.6 -0.0 -1.1
Loneliness, isolation 0.3 0.4 2.1 -0.0 0.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -1.4
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.5 0.8 3.7 0.2 0.9 -0.0 0.1 -0.3 -1.9 0.9
Ever had bowel cancer screening 1.0 1.1 2.3 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.8 -1.2
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.4 0.6 1.2 -0.5 -1.0 -1.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.9 0.6
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.1 -1.0 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.5 -1.0
Friendships satisfaction 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.1 -0.7 0.7 0.3 1.1 1.1 -1.2
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.8 0.9 2.8 0.9 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.3 -1.7 0.6
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.8 1.0 2.3 -1.2 -0.3 -1.2 -1.5 -1.2 0.3 -0.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.5
Medication for cholesterol 0.5 0.8 3.5 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 -1.9 0.6
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.4 0.4 1.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 0.7 -1.2
Back pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.4 -1.3 0.4 -0.1 0.3 1.3 0.5
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 -0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.8
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.2 0.6 0.8 -0.8 -0.3 -0.9 0.2
Asthma (self-reported) 0.8 1.5 4.3 -0.3 1.9 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -2.1 1.2
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 2.8 3.4 7.9 2.1 -0.1 0.8 2.8 2.5 1.8 -1.4
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.8 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.1
Medication: Aspirin 0.5 0.6 2.3 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.0 -0.1 -1.0 1.5
Medication: Gliclazide 2.4 2.7 6.0 -1.8 -0.3 -0.6 -2.1 -2.0 -2.5 0.8
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.9 -1.1 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.3 -0.5
Smoking status: Current 1.3 2.0 3.8 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.2 -0.8 0.8
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.5 1.1 1.7 1.2 0.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 -0.3
Whole body water mass 1.9 11.0 18.2 3.5 0.3 2.5 3.5 4.3 4.0 -3.5
Leg predicted mass (right) 1.7 8.8 13.9 2.8 0.3 1.9 3.3 3.7 3.6 -3.6
Arm fat mass (left) 0.6 2.7 7.5 0.6 -1.1 -1.2 1.1 1.4 2.2 -2.7
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.6 1.0 2.1 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.3 0.9 -0.5 -0.0
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.8 1.1 2.1 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.7 -0.9
Miserableness 0.5 0.8 1.4 -1.1 -0.7 -0.9 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 -0.5
Guilty feelings 0.8 1.2 1.8 1.2 -1.4 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.0 -0.2
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.9 1.0 4.2 0.8 2.0 1.0 0.6 0.5 -0.7 -0.4
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.4 0.5 1.8 -0.4 -1.3 0.1 -1.0 -0.6 -0.3 -0.0
Hearing aid user 1.7 1.9 4.1 -1.4 -0.3 -0.9 -2.0 -1.9 -0.5 1.6
Mother’s age at death 2.3 2.9 5.0 1.8 1.0 1.2 2.0 2.2 1.5 -1.7
Financial situation satisfaction 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.5
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 1.7 2.0 4.9 -1.4 -2.2 -1.9 -1.5 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.5 0.1 -1.0 0.5
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1
Medication: Blood pressure 0.4 0.8 3.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.3 1.7 -1.7
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 1.3 1.6 9.5 -0.5 -3.1 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.2 0.7
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.6 0.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.0 1.2
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 -0.3
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.2 0.2 1.1 -0.1 0.1 -1.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.6
Medication: Paracetamol 0.6 0.9 4.3 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 -0.7 2.1
Medication: Lisinopril 1.0 1.3 3.6 -0.6 0.6 -1.9 -1.1 -1.0 -0.6 1.5
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.6 0.7 2.1 0.7 -0.3 0.5 1.1 0.6 -0.5 1.5
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 1.8 2.2 4.7 1.6 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 -0.3 1.2
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.9 1.1 2.5 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.3 -0.7 1.6
Ever smoked 0.1 0.2 1.0 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.0 0.0 -1.0
Basal metabolic rate 1.7 9.6 15.8 3.1 0.1 1.8 3.4 4.0 3.8 -3.5
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.5 1.8 5.7 -0.6 -1.6 -2.4 -0.2 -0.2 1.2 -1.6
Arm fat-free mass (left) 1.8 9.0 14.8 3.1 0.1 1.9 3.2 3.8 3.8 -3.1
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.4 0.6 1.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.3 0.5 1.1 -1.3
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.7 1.0 2.4 -1.1 -1.5 -0.4 -1.2 -0.7 1.1 -0.4
Irritability 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.8 0.6
Risk taking 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.3 0.6 -0.0 0.4 0.5 -0.3
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.7 0.8 1.5 -1.2 1.0 0.4 -0.9 -0.6 0.6 -1.2
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 4.0 5.2 10.1 2.6 0.2 1.8 3.2 3.0 2.2 -1.6
Age started oral contraceptive pill 2.9 3.6 9.0 1.6 -0.5 1.9 1.7 2.1 3.0 -1.7
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.2 3.6 6.5 -1.7 -2.4 -2.5 -2.0 -1.3 0.5 -2.0
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.3
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 1.4 1.9 6.0 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.2 -0.3 -2.2 2.4
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.7 0.8 1.9 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.2 -0.9
Myopia 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6 -0.9
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.4 -0.7 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.2
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.5 0.6 1.9 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8 -1.4 1.0
Pain experienced in last month 0.5 0.9 2.1 -0.1 -1.3 -1.4 -0.6 0.1 0.4 -1.4
Supplements: Calcium 0.6 0.7 3.6 0.4 -1.9 -0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 -0.4
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.4 0.4 1.1 -0.2 0.6 1.0 -0.4 0.1 0.6 -1.0
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 3.4 4.4 14.7 -0.1 1.3 -1.3 -0.7 -1.3 -3.2 3.8
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 1.0 1.2 4.5 0.3 1.2 1.5 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 2.1
Heart disease (siblings) 0.5 0.6 2.1 0.4 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.0
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 1.8 2.0 4.1 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.4 1.4 -0.1 -1.8
Pack years of smoking 0.7 1.0 5.1 0.4 2.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 -0.6 -0.1
Impedance of whole body 0.6 3.0 8.2 -1.0 0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -1.7 -2.8 2.9
Leg fat mass (left) 0.6 2.2 5.8 0.6 -0.9 -1.2 1.1 1.2 2.1 -2.4
Arm predicted mass (left) 1.8 9.0 14.9 3.1 0.1 2.1 3.2 3.9 3.8 -3.0