Hub : Genes

STARD5

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic 0.1280 0.0540 3.5e-03 -0.001 NA 0.031 NA 0.015 3.7e-01 NA 8.0e-03 NA 5.0e-02
2 GTEx Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg 0.0900 0.0350 3.4e-03 0.010 NA 0.001 NA 0.016 4.3e-02 NA 2.5e-01 NA 1.6e-02
3 GTEx Thyroid 0.1300 0.0510 4.1e-03 -0.003 NA -0.003 NA 0.001 6.0e-01 NA 6.1e-01 NA 2.8e-01
4 GTEx Uterus 0.3930 0.1330 2.0e-03 -0.014 NA -0.010 NA -0.015 8.0e-01 NA 5.9e-01 NA 9.9e-01
5 NTR Blood 0.0645 0.0178 3.4e-06 0.025 0.013 0.022 0.022 0.029 1.5e-08 4.4e-05 7.4e-08 7.4e-08 9.2e-10
6 TCGA Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma 0.0740 0.0390 7.5e-03 -0.001 0.029 0.014 NA 0.005 4.2e-01 1.5e-03 2.1e-02 NA 1.0e-01
7 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0203 0.0130 6.6e-03 0.016 0.005 0.007 NA 0.009 2.2e-04 2.4e-02 1.0e-02 NA 5.2e-03
8 TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 0.0550 0.0340 2.9e-03 0.030 0.022 0.025 NA 0.026 2.1e-04 1.6e-03 7.0e-04 NA 5.6e-04
9 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.0468 0.0240 8.8e-04 0.010 0.015 0.012 NA 0.010 2.2e-02 6.2e-03 1.6e-02 NA 2.3e-02
10 TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma 0.0878 0.0564 8.8e-03 0.000 -0.002 0.002 NA -0.001 3.5e-01 5.8e-01 1.7e-01 NA 3.8e-01
11 TCGA Testicular Germ Cell Tumors 0.3980 0.1070 3.4e-04 -0.005 0.115 0.087 NA 0.065 5.2e-01 7.5e-05 5.6e-04 NA 2.6e-03
12 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.0400 0.0250 5.5e-03 -0.003 0.010 0.009 NA -0.001 8.1e-01 3.5e-02 3.7e-02 NA 4.4e-01

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.8 1.3 3.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.0 -1.1 -0.1 0.3 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.8 0.9
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.8 2.1 6.4 1.1 1.4 2.5 0.0 -1.0 -1.3 0.2 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.1 1.1
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.4 1.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.8 0.0 -1.3 -0.7 -1.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.6 -0.2
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.2 0.3 1.3 -0.4 -0.2 1.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.5 -0.8 0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.8
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.3 0.8 2.6 -1.1 -1.4 -0.3 0.0 1.6 0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -0.7 1.2 -0.2 -0.1
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.3 1.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 0.0 -1.1 -0.4 -0.7 -0.4 -0.2 0.9 0.4 -0.0
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.5 1.1 5.8 0.3 0.8 2.4 0.0 -0.4 -1.6 0.0 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.7
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.6 0.8 4.0 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 -2.0 -1.5 -0.8 0.6 0.0 0.8 -0.2 -0.1
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.3 0.7 2.0 -0.5 -1.2 -0.5 0.0 -1.3 1.4 -0.1 -1.0 -0.0 0.2 1.0 -0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.3 0.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.5 -0.9 -0.3 0.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.4 0.4 1.5 -0.8 -0.2 -0.0 0.0 1.0 -0.6 0.7 -0.3 -0.1 -1.2 -0.9 -0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.5 0.7 3.7 -0.9 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.5 -0.3 1.1 -0.1 0.6 -1.9 -1.1 0.5
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.3 0.6 1.5 -0.8 -0.3 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -1.2 1.0 -0.7 -0.2 -1.2 -1.1 -0.5
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.2 0.6 3.1 -0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 1.8 -0.7 0.2 -1.6 -0.5 -0.3
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.5 1.2 -0.6 0.3 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1
Major Depression (MDD) 1.0 1.2 4.2 -0.7 1.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.9 2.1 0.5 1.6 -1.7 0.3 1.5
Reaction Time 0.2 0.4 1.6 0.3 0.5 -1.3 0.0 0.9 0.8 -0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 -0.9 0.3
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.2 0.5 1.3 -0.8 -1.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 1.0 0.6 -0.1
Breast Cancer 0.2 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 -0.9 0.5 0.5
Ovarian Cancer 1.1 1.4 3.9 -1.5 -1.1 -1.4 0.0 2.0 -0.3 -1.1 -1.0 -1.5 -0.1 -1.6 -0.8
Prostate Cancer 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.4 0.1
Age at First Birth 0.6 0.9 2.9 -1.1 -1.4 -0.8 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.1 -1.7 -1.1 0.1 -0.5 -1.1
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.6 0.6 3.1 -0.3 -0.8 0.5 0.0 -1.8 -0.4 -0.1 -1.2 -0.6 0.2 0.2 -1.1
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.2 0.3 2.6 0.4 -0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.2 -0.0 -0.4 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.2
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.6 0.8 3.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.6 -0.8 -1.7 -0.3 -1.3 0.2 -1.1 -1.3
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.0 1.6 3.6 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.0 -1.5 -0.7 1.9 0.9 1.9 0.7 -0.7 1.5
Mean Putamen Volume 0.9 1.0 2.5 -0.5 -1.2 -1.4 0.0 1.4 1.6 -0.6 -1.2 -0.9 0.6 0.6 -0.8
Fasting Glucose 0.5 0.6 3.3 0.7 0.2 -1.3 0.0 -1.8 1.0 -0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.3 -0.7 0.2
HbA1C 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.3 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 -0.8 0.7 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.5 -1.4 0.9
HDL Cholesterol 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.4
LDL Cholesterol 0.6 1.0 3.0 -0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -1.7 -1.4 1.3 -0.8 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8
Lupus 1.5 2.3 6.3 -2.5 -1.7 0.3 0.0 1.6 -1.2 -2.2 -0.5 -2.0 1.5 0.4 -1.8
Neuroticism (2016) 0.8 1.1 4.0 -1.5 -1.9 0.2 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.5 -2.0 -0.8 0.0 -1.4 -0.5
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.4 0.6 3.9 -0.3 -0.7 0.6 0.0 -0.8 0.0 -0.8 -0.4 -0.4 2.0 0.9 -0.4
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.2
Schizophrenia (2014) 1.0 2.1 7.3 1.2 1.4 2.7 0.0 -0.2 -1.3 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.5 2.5 1.0
Triglycerides 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.8
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.7 0.8 3.1 -0.7 -0.2 -1.0 0.0 1.0 -0.6 -1.4 -0.1 -0.8 0.8 -0.7 -1.7
Ulcerative Colitis 0.5 0.7 3.1 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7 0.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 -1.8 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.4 3.1 9.9 -1.7 0.2 -0.0 0.0 1.8 -2.8 -0.8 0.6 -1.4 -3.1 -1.8 -2.8
Blood Platelet Count 0.3 3.1 13.1 -1.4 -1.2 -1.1 0.0 1.6 -0.9 -1.4 -0.6 -2.5 -2.7 0.8 -3.6
Blood Red Count 0.0 0.5 1.8 0.9 0.4 -0.8 0.0 -0.5 1.3 -0.1 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.8
Blood White Count 0.7 5.0 22.5 -1.6 -2.7 -1.6 0.0 0.5 -0.1 -1.9 -2.3 -3.4 -1.9 -0.0 -4.7
Heel T-Score 0.0 0.3 0.8 -0.7 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.8 -0.8 0.6 -0.6 -0.5 0.9 -0.5
BMI 0.2 1.4 3.3 1.7 0.8 1.3 0.0 -1.1 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.4
Height 0.4 8.4 55.5 -0.2 1.9 0.7 0.0 -0.2 -4.7 0.5 1.7 -1.8 -7.5 -1.5 -3.2
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 1.3 6.0 13.7 -3.5 -3.7 -0.8 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -2.0 -3.7 -3.4 -2.3 -1.4 -3.0
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.9 4.3 10.6 -3.1 -3.3 -2.1 0.0 1.0 1.8 -1.5 -3.2 -2.2 -0.1 -0.9 -2.0
Smoking Status 0.6 1.3 3.0 -0.5 -1.2 -1.7 0.0 -1.7 1.5 -1.1 -1.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.6 -1.3
Allergy or Eczema 0.5 1.4 6.0 -0.9 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 2.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.0 -1.3 -0.7 -1.1 -1.7
Cardiovascular Disease 0.3 1.1 3.9 -1.1 -1.7 -1.4 0.0 0.5 2.0 -0.6 -1.5 -0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.1
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.2 0.4 2.7 -0.1 -0.4 0.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 1.6 -0.6
Respiratory disease 0.6 1.3 3.2 -1.1 -1.4 -1.4 0.0 0.7 0.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.2 -1.1 -1.8 -1.2
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.7 -0.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.2 -0.9
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.3 1.7 5.6 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.0 -1.6 -0.7 -2.4 1.8 0.2 2.0 0.7 0.2
Lung FVC 0.2 0.9 2.9 -0.7 -0.7 -1.3 0.0 1.7 1.7 0.6 -1.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.6
Neuroticism 0.2 0.5 1.5 -0.3 -0.5 1.2 0.0 -1.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.1
Chronotype (morning person) 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.5 0.5
Hair Pigment 1.6 44.4 114.5 -9.7 -8.7 -4.4 0.0 8.9 0.2 -0.2 -10.7 -6.2 -3.6 -8.2 -5.4
Tanning 0.2 2.1 7.3 1.8 2.7 1.4 0.0 0.3 -1.7 1.0 2.7 0.9 -1.1 0.2 0.7
Hand grip strength (left) 0.3 0.7 2.5 1.6 1.3 0.4 0.0 -0.5 0.0 0.4 1.3 0.5 -0.3 1.2 0.5
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.7 1.3 4.2 1.5 2.0 0.8 0.0 -0.2 -1.3 -0.4 1.9 0.9 -1.3 -0.6 0.4
Average weekly spirits intake 0.8 1.0 5.2 -0.2 -0.6 -1.6 0.0 -2.3 1.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.8 -1.3 -0.2
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.4 0.8 4.0 -0.8 -0.8 1.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 -0.3 -1.1 -0.6 2.0 -0.2 -0.5
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.6 0.8 2.8 -0.8 -0.1 1.7 0.0 -0.2 -1.6 -0.1 -0.9 -0.2 1.0 -1.1 0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.3 0.5 1.5 -0.8 -0.4 1.2 0.0 -1.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.0 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.6
Relative age of first facial hair 0.3 0.7 4.6 -0.2 0.7 0.3 0.0 2.1 -0.8 0.5 0.9 0.3 -1.1 0.2 0.1
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.8 1.0 4.0 1.1 0.2 -0.7 0.0 -0.0 2.0 -0.4 0.0 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.7
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.6 0.7 4.0 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.3 -0.3 2.0 0.3 1.2 -1.1 -0.2 0.9
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.6 0.7 2.1 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.0 -0.4 1.3 1.2 -0.1 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.0
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.6 1.6 4.1 -1.7 -1.9 -1.2 0.0 1.8 1.6 -0.2 -2.0 -1.1 0.5 -0.0 -0.6
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.3 0.3 2.0 -0.2 0.1 0.6 0.0 1.4 -0.9 -0.6 0.2 -0.4 -0.0 0.0 0.1
Angina 0.3 0.4 1.7 -1.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -0.4 -1.3 0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.2
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 1.9 2.1 7.8 0.0 1.7 1.5 0.0 0.9 -2.4 1.4 1.7 0.5 -2.8 -0.4 0.1
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 0.0 0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.4
Supplements: Zinc 0.6 0.7 4.0 -2.0 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 1.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.3 -0.9 -0.3 0.2 -0.2
Medication: Co-codamol 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.2 1.3 0.8 0.8
Medication: Metformin 0.3 0.5 1.6 1.0 0.9 -0.7 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.9 0.8 0.0 -1.2 -0.5 -0.3
Diabetes (father) 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.0 -0.7 -0.4 -1.4 1.1 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.1
Diabetes (mother) 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.5 -0.7 0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.5
Severe depression (siblings) 0.5 0.6 3.2 0.0 0.6 1.8 0.0 -0.1 -1.6 -0.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.4
Pack years adult smoking proportion 1.1 1.7 7.2 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.0 -0.5 0.4 2.7 0.7 2.0 -0.3 0.7 1.7
Impedance of leg (right) 0.7 3.3 9.5 -2.1 -1.4 -1.1 0.0 3.1 -0.5 -2.3 -0.6 -2.6 -0.8 0.7 -3.0
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.3 1.5 11.9 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 -3.4 -0.7 0.6 0.1 0.8 -0.2 -0.6 0.6
Trunk fat percentage 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.4 0.7 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 -0.3
Hand grip strength (right) 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.7 1.0 2.3 -1.4 -1.2 0.8 0.0 -0.3 -1.1 -0.3 -1.5 -1.1 0.1 -1.1 -1.2
Current tobacco smoking 0.3 0.5 1.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.9 0.0 -0.7 0.6 0.1 -0.7 -0.1 -1.3 -0.2 -0.9
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.3 0.8 -0.9 0.0 0.1 1.4 0.8 0.4 1.1 -1.3 0.4 0.8
Maternal smoking around birth 0.4 0.6 1.9 -1.4 -1.0 0.7 0.0 0.4 -0.6 0.0 -1.3 -0.2 0.8 -1.1 0.3
Fed-up feelings 1.1 2.0 4.9 -1.1 -1.0 1.4 0.0 -0.1 -2.1 -2.2 -0.5 -1.8 1.6 0.8 -1.9
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.6 0.7 3.8 -0.3 0.1 1.6 0.0 -0.8 -1.9 -0.0 -0.5 -0.3 0.2 -1.3 -0.0
Relative age voice broke 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.2 -0.5 1.2 0.4 0.9 0.9 -0.2 1.0
Taking other prescription medications 0.4 0.6 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2 1.3 1.0 -0.2 0.2 0.6
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.5 1.2 2.9 0.0 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.6 1.4 -1.4 -1.7 -1.2 1.6 0.5 -1.1
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.3 1.5 4.4 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.0 -1.5 1.6 1.7 0.3 2.0 0.7 0.6 2.1
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.9 2.0 5.6 -0.4 1.5 2.3 0.0 -0.2 -1.7 0.5 2.4 0.9 -0.2 2.0 1.8
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.7 0.8 2.8 1.6 -0.2 -0.5 0.0 -1.0 1.7 0.3 -1.1 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.7
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.7 1.0 2.9 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.0 -1.7 -1.1 -0.3 1.1 0.6 0.7 -0.7 -0.4
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.5 0.7 1.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.9 0.0 0.4 1.0 1.3 -0.2 0.9 0.4 -1.2 1.3
High blood pressure 0.2 0.4 1.5 -0.7 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.8 0.8 -0.5 -1.2 0.0 0.9 -0.4 0.2
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.7 1.6 4.1 -1.5 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 1.3 -1.6 -2.0 -0.6 -1.7 -0.2 -1.0 -1.9
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.3 0.3 1.1 -0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.0 0.8 -0.7 -0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.0 -1.0 -0.5
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 1.1 1.3 4.0 -1.1 -1.2 -2.0 0.0 1.1 0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -1.2 -0.9 -1.5 -1.0
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.5 0.7 2.8 0.6 1.4 0.3 0.0 -0.0 -0.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 -1.7 -0.6 0.8
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.3 1.6 3.3 -1.2 -1.6 -1.8 0.0 1.8 1.0 -1.7 -0.8 -1.3 1.1 -0.7 -0.9
Medication: Atenolol 0.3 0.4 1.5 -0.6 -0.9 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.6 -0.3 -1.1 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.2
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.8 1.4 4.1 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.0 -1.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.8 0.7
Sitting height 0.4 2.8 8.6 -1.3 -0.9 -0.7 0.0 -1.4 -1.5 -1.9 -1.0 -2.1 -2.9 -2.0 -2.2
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.7 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 -1.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.9 -0.2 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8
High blood pressure (mother) 2.9 4.1 9.7 -2.0 -3.1 -1.6 0.0 -0.3 1.3 -2.6 -2.8 -2.4 2.4 -0.5 -2.2
Body mass index (BMI) 0.5 2.1 6.8 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.0 -2.6 1.3 0.8 -0.2 1.8 2.4 0.7 1.6
Impedance of leg (left) 0.8 4.0 12.8 -2.3 -1.5 -0.9 0.0 3.0 -0.8 -2.6 -0.6 -2.9 -0.8 1.0 -3.6
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.3 1.5 11.8 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 -3.4 -0.7 0.4 0.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.6 0.5
Trunk fat mass 0.1 0.2 1.7 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -1.3 0.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 0.4 0.0 -0.5
Waist circumference 0.3 0.9 7.9 0.1 -0.7 0.2 0.0 -2.8 0.4 -0.4 -1.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.3
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.9 1.4 5.6 -0.1 1.7 2.0 0.0 -0.4 -2.4 0.4 1.5 0.8 -1.0 -0.8 0.6
Past tobacco smoking 0.3 0.5 2.1 -1.0 -0.2 1.1 0.0 1.3 -1.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.1 -0.3
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.1 0.2 1.5 -0.2 -0.2 -1.2 0.0 0.7 0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.2
Nervous feelings 1.1 2.0 6.8 -1.7 -2.0 -2.0 0.0 -1.0 2.6 0.4 -2.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.5 2.2 -1.2 -1.0 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -1.5 -0.6 0.2 -0.7 -0.4
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.3 0.5 1.7 -1.3 -0.4 1.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.7 1.2 -0.7 0.2 -0.8 0.1 0.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.7 1.0 3.0 0.6 -0.6 -1.3 0.0 0.4 1.0 -1.7 0.2 -0.8 1.5 0.8 -1.0
Had menopause 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.9 0.3 -1.2 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.3
Had other major operations 0.9 1.1 4.5 -1.7 -1.0 -1.0 0.0 0.8 -0.3 -0.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.6 -2.1 -0.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.5 1.8 5.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 0.0 0.3 -0.8 -1.7 -0.6 -2.0 -2.2 -1.1 -2.0
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.8 1.8 6.9 0.1 1.7 2.0 0.0 -0.2 -1.8 0.2 2.6 0.7 -0.1 1.5 1.4
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.8 -0.8 0.4 0.0 0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.2 -0.9 -0.2
Qualifications: None of the above 1.3 2.8 12.6 1.3 1.6 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 2.4 1.2 1.4 -1.1 3.5 1.4
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.7 0.9 3.2 -0.1 -0.4 1.7 0.0 -1.2 -0.6 0.9 -0.8 0.4 1.8 0.3 0.9
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 -1.0 0.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.7
Heart attack 0.7 0.9 2.7 0.6 0.2 1.6 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.9 -0.1 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.1
Allergy 0.7 1.6 5.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.0 -1.4 1.1 2.3 0.7 1.7 0.3 1.4 1.8
Pain all over the body in last month 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.0 -0.5 0.3 0.0 0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 0.8 0.3 -0.4
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.7 1.1 3.6 -0.1 -0.7 -1.6 0.0 0.6 -0.1 -0.9 -0.7 -1.4 -1.1 -1.9 -1.3
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 1.1 1.5 6.9 -0.3 -0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 -1.5 -2.6 -0.2 -1.7 1.5 0.5 -1.3
Medication: Ramipril 0.9 1.2 6.4 -0.4 0.8 2.5 0.0 0.6 -1.6 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 1.1
Medication: Simvastatin 1.1 1.6 5.3 -1.2 -1.4 -1.9 0.0 -1.5 1.4 -1.1 -1.1 -0.1 -0.4 -2.3 0.0
Fluid intelligence score 1.0 2.1 5.1 -2.1 -2.3 -2.1 0.0 1.1 1.0 -0.5 -2.1 -1.2 -0.4 -1.5 -0.8
Illnesses of siblings 0.2 0.3 2.6 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.6 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2
Neuroticism score 0.5 1.0 2.5 -0.6 -1.0 1.6 0.0 -1.1 -0.8 -1.0 -1.4 -0.7 1.1 0.9 -0.8
Weight 0.2 0.9 8.6 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.0 -2.9 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.3
Impedance of arm (right) 1.0 4.6 10.9 -2.8 -1.2 -1.8 0.0 3.0 -0.9 -2.2 -0.6 -2.9 -2.8 -1.0 -3.3
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.8 0.1 -0.6 -0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 -0.0
Trunk fat-free mass 0.3 1.7 9.7 1.1 0.6 1.9 0.0 -3.1 -2.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3
Hip circumference 0.3 1.2 3.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.0 -1.8 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1
Time employed in main current job 1.5 1.8 4.3 -0.8 -2.1 -1.6 0.0 -1.5 1.7 -1.8 -1.3 -1.0 1.4 -0.2 -1.0
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.8 1.1 6.8 2.6 1.6 0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.1 0.9 1.5 0.8 -0.2 0.3 0.1
Father’s age at death 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.0 0.5 -0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.2
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.3 0.6 2.3 -0.0 -1.1 0.4 0.0 -0.6 0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -0.1 1.5 1.4 -0.1
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 1.0 -1.0 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.9 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.6 0.0
Falls in the last year 0.5 0.7 2.7 0.3 -0.9 -0.7 0.0 1.2 1.4 0.2 -0.7 0.1 1.6 0.6 -0.0
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.6 0.8 2.2 -0.2 1.1 1.1 0.0 -0.5 -1.2 1.5 0.6 1.0 -1.3 0.1 0.9
Number of live births 0.4 0.6 2.0 -0.3 -1.1 -1.2 0.0 -0.6 1.4 0.8 -1.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.5 0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.4 1.2 5.8 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 -2.4 -0.0 -1.7 -1.0 -0.8 -1.6
Pulse rate 1.2 2.0 4.7 -0.7 -2.1 -2.1 0.0 -1.5 1.8 -0.2 -2.2 -0.5 0.0 -1.8 -0.9
Happiness 3.0 3.7 8.4 -2.6 -2.5 -0.9 0.0 0.1 -0.9 -2.1 -2.9 -2.4 -0.8 -2.4 -2.1
Noisy workplace 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.1 -0.5 0.0 0.8 -0.0 0.7 0.1 -0.2 -1.0 0.2 -0.6
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.2 0.5 2.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 0.0 1.6 -1.2 -0.6 -0.1 -1.1 0.3 0.5 -0.4
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.8 0.9 3.3 -0.1 -0.7 -1.0 0.0 -0.6 0.3 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 -0.4 -0.9 -1.8
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.6 1.1 2.8 1.6 1.2 0.3 0.0 -0.7 0.4 1.7 0.7 1.5 -1.0 0.0 1.4
Asthma 0.2 0.3 1.6 0.1 -0.4 -0.7 0.0 0.8 0.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3 -1.2 -0.1
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 2.9 3.7 7.2 -1.9 -2.7 -1.6 0.0 0.2 -0.0 -2.5 -2.4 -2.7 -1.2 -1.9 -2.7
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.4 0.5 1.4 -0.1 0.4 -0.7 0.0 -1.0 0.4 -0.6 1.2 0.8 0.3 -1.0 1.1
Depression (self-reported) 1.1 1.3 3.6 -1.3 -1.4 -0.7 0.0 -1.9 0.6 -1.6 -1.6 -0.8 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.7 -0.2 -1.2 0.0 0.4 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.8 -0.2
Prospective memory result 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 1.4 0.2 0.7 -1.4 -0.4 0.3
Lung cancer (father) 1.3 1.5 7.8 -1.5 -0.9 0.5 0.0 -0.2 -1.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 0.5 -2.8 -0.3
Illnesses of mother 0.9 1.1 3.1 1.0 1.8 1.2 0.0 0.5 -0.9 0.4 1.4 1.2 -0.1 0.5 1.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.4 1.4 4.5 -1.1 -0.5 0.1 0.0 0.4 -1.8 -2.1 -0.1 -2.0 -1.0 -0.6 -1.4
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.8 1.0 2.3 -0.1 -1.0 -1.5 0.0 -1.4 0.7 -1.3 -0.8 -0.9 0.1 -1.2 -1.3
Impedance of arm (left) 0.7 3.3 8.0 -2.3 -1.1 -2.2 0.0 2.8 -0.0 -1.6 -0.6 -2.1 -2.2 -1.1 -2.6
Arm fat mass (right) 0.2 0.6 3.8 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.0 -1.9 -0.3 -0.0 0.0 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.3
Trunk predicted mass 0.3 1.7 9.8 1.2 0.6 1.9 0.0 -3.1 -2.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3
Standing height 0.5 4.8 16.7 -1.3 -0.3 0.5 0.0 -0.9 -3.5 -1.7 -0.2 -2.9 -4.1 -1.4 -3.5
Length of working week for main job 1.0 1.1 5.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.0 1.9 -0.7 -1.6 0.2 -0.6 2.3 0.2 -0.4
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.5 0.5 1.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -1.2 -0.6 -0.9 -0.5 -1.0 -1.1
Breastfed as a baby 0.4 0.6 2.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.4 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -1.5 -0.5 -1.1 1.1 0.5 -0.5
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.2 0.4 2.0 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.0 -1.4 -0.2 0.8 -0.2 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.4
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.9 1.4 4.4 -1.5 -2.1 -1.3 0.0 0.1 1.4 -0.8 -1.8 -0.7 1.1 -0.4 -0.6
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.8 1.8 7.8 -0.3 -1.6 0.6 0.0 -2.5 1.1 -0.4 -1.9 0.2 2.8 0.2 0.2
Birth weight of first child 0.4 0.6 2.7 -0.5 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.5 0.4 -1.2 -1.6 -0.7 0.9 -0.2 -0.5
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 1.0 2.4 9.3 -0.5 -1.5 -2.2 0.0 -0.8 0.8 -3.0 -1.0 -1.8 1.1 -1.7 -1.5
Pulse wave reflection index 0.4 0.5 1.3 -0.7 -0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 -0.4 -1.1 0.3 -1.0 -0.7
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.3 1.6 4.0 -1.2 -1.2 0.4 0.0 1.0 -2.0 -1.8 -0.6 -1.8 0.5 -0.6 -1.7
Loud music exposure frequency 0.8 0.9 2.3 -0.2 -1.1 -0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -1.5 -0.8 -1.4 1.3 -0.7 -1.5
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 1.0 1.6 4.5 -1.0 -1.3 -0.9 0.0 1.5 -0.6 -2.1 -1.0 -1.9 0.5 -1.2 -1.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 1.1 1.4 3.0 -1.4 -1.7 -0.9 0.0 1.2 0.6 -1.7 -1.3 -1.5 0.7 0.3 -1.3
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.9 1.2 4.7 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.0 0.2 -1.1 -1.1 1.5 0.2 2.2 1.6 0.0
Medication: Paracetamol 0.9 1.6 5.0 1.6 1.5 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 2.2 0.9 1.3 -1.6 1.0 1.2
Headache pain in last month 0.2 0.4 2.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.0 1.5 -0.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.6 -0.9 0.7 -0.3
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.2 0.4 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 -0.3 0.2 0.9 -0.3 -0.0 -0.5 1.0 -0.6
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.7 2.0 9.6 -0.9 -0.5 -2.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 -1.9 -0.9 -1.4 -1.1 -3.1 -1.1
Gout (self-reported) 1.2 1.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.7 1.7 1.3 0.8 2.3 1.4
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.3 0.5 2.4 -0.0 -0.0 1.2 0.0 -0.8 -1.1 -0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.2 1.5 -0.3
Medication: Amlodipine 0.8 1.1 3.1 -1.2 -1.8 -0.9 0.0 -0.1 0.9 -0.9 -1.6 -0.9 1.7 -0.9 -0.3
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -1.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7
Birth weight 0.2 0.4 1.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.8 0.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -1.2 -0.7
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.3
High blood pressure (siblings) 1.0 1.4 6.3 0.9 0.4 -0.6 0.0 -2.5 1.6 1.4 -0.7 1.4 -0.1 -0.3 1.5
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.5 1.7 4.6 -1.4 -0.7 -0.0 0.0 0.5 -1.7 -1.6 -0.5 -2.1 -1.9 -0.5 -1.8
Body fat percentage 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -0.6 0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.4 1.2 0.4 -0.2
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.2 0.8 4.4 0.7 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 -1.3 1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.6 2.1 0.7 0.4
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.3 1.7 11.4 1.8 0.7 1.6 0.0 -3.4 -1.1 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.5
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.5 0.5 0.6 -0.7 0.2 0.5 0.1 -0.1
Comparative body size at age 10 0.9 2.5 4.6 2.0 2.2 2.1 0.0 -1.2 -1.4 0.6 2.0 1.8 1.3 0.1 2.1
Number of full brothers 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.3 1.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.7 0.3 -0.6
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.3 0.6 2.7 -0.3 -1.2 0.9 0.0 -0.8 0.0 -0.5 -1.6 -0.3 1.0 -0.0 0.0
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.5 2.0 4.3 -1.6 -2.1 -1.6 0.0 -1.7 1.4 -1.0 -2.0 -0.9 -0.2 -1.4 -1.2
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.4 0.7 2.3 -0.4 -0.7 -0.9 0.0 0.5 1.5 -1.3 -1.2 -0.4 0.5 -0.1 -0.7
Number of children fathered 1.3 1.5 5.7 -1.6 -1.2 -2.4 0.0 0.1 1.8 -1.2 -0.4 0.3 1.2 -1.2 0.5
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.7 1.9 5.7 1.9 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.7 -0.1 1.5 2.4 1.7 -0.1 1.2 1.4
Age at first live birth 0.4 0.7 2.8 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.0 0.2 -1.7 0.3 1.0 0.1 -0.7 0.4 0.1
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.8 1.0 2.4 0.0 1.0 1.5 0.0 1.4 -0.9 1.2 0.8 0.7 -0.3 1.3 1.0
Health satisfaction 1.0 1.3 2.6 -1.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -1.6 -1.6 -0.6 -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.4
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.7 0.8 4.6 0.6 0.2 2.1 0.0 -0.8 -0.7 1.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 1.5 0.2
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.5 1.7 4.3 -2.1 -1.9 -0.4 0.0 0.2 -0.7 -1.5 -1.8 -1.7 0.9 -1.6 -0.5
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.5 0.6 1.9 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -0.1 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.4 0.8
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.4 0.5 1.6 -0.5 -0.8 0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -1.3 -0.4 -0.7 0.8 0.1 -1.1
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.8 0.9 3.3 0.4 0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.1 1.3 1.8 -0.8 1.3 -1.0 -0.9 1.3
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.2 0.3 2.6 0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.0 1.6 0.0 0.1
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.3 0.5 2.8 0.6 0.6 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.4 0.1 -1.7 0.5 -0.2
Medication: Blood pressure 0.2 0.4 1.2 -0.9 -0.7 -0.0 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -1.1 -0.6 -0.4 0.9 -1.0 -0.0
Angina (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.8 -1.0 -0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.7 -0.6 -1.3 0.4 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 -0.2
Migraine (self-reported) 0.8 0.9 4.7 0.1 -0.0 -1.1 0.0 1.5 2.2 0.9 0.1 0.6 -0.4 1.1 0.7
Medication: Ibuprofen 2.4 2.9 5.7 -1.5 -2.1 -1.5 0.0 0.4 -0.2 -2.3 -1.9 -2.2 -0.8 -2.1 -2.4
Medication: Allopurinol 1.7 2.2 8.0 1.6 2.5 0.5 0.0 0.7 -0.4 1.3 2.8 1.9 0.0 1.0 1.8
Medication: Omeprazole 0.5 0.6 2.4 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -1.2 -1.1 0.1 -0.9 -1.1 -0.6 -1.6
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 1.9 2.2 5.0 2.2 1.5 0.8 0.0 -2.2 0.5 1.7 0.7 2.2 -0.4 -1.1 1.9
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.7 1.2 3.2 0.6 1.1 -1.0 0.0 1.3 1.7 1.4 0.6 1.8 0.0 -0.5 1.5
Heart disease (mother) 3.7 4.6 9.6 -2.2 -3.1 -2.4 0.0 -1.0 0.7 -2.5 -2.9 -2.7 -0.7 -1.9 -2.7
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.5 -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -0.8 -0.5 0.5 -0.8
Whole body fat mass 0.1 0.3 2.0 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 -1.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.0
Leg fat mass (right) 0.2 0.8 4.4 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 -2.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.0 0.6 1.7 0.7 0.3
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.3 1.3 9.5 1.5 0.6 1.4 0.0 -3.1 -1.0 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.6 -0.0 0.4
Pulse rate, automated reading 2.2 7.0 15.5 -2.1 -3.9 -3.0 0.0 -1.7 1.4 -3.2 -3.8 -2.8 1.0 -2.7 -3.2
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.7 -0.6
Comparative height size at age 10 0.7 3.7 14.4 -0.8 0.5 1.8 0.0 -2.0 -3.7 -0.5 0.1 -1.4 -3.8 -0.8 -2.4
Number of full sisters 0.3 0.3 2.6 -0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.4 1.6 0.2
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.4 0.6 2.0 -1.4 -0.9 -0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 -0.7 -0.3 -1.1 1.0 -0.3
Overall health rating 0.1 0.3 1.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.8 -0.3 -1.3 0.1 0.4 0.7 -0.4
Chest pain or discomfort 0.4 0.5 2.4 -0.7 -0.3 1.0 0.0 1.6 -0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 0.2 0.8 -0.4
Had major operations 0.5 0.6 2.2 -1.5 -1.0 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 -1.2 -0.8 -0.6 0.0 1.0 -0.5
Age at last live birth 0.8 1.1 4.4 0.8 0.8 2.1 0.0 -1.4 -1.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.0
Family relationship satisfaction 1.3 1.6 6.6 -2.6 -1.9 0.6 0.0 0.1 -1.3 -0.4 -1.8 -1.6 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8
Leg pain on walking 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.5 0.3 0.9 0.0 -0.1 -1.3 -0.3 0.3 -0.5 -1.3 0.1 -0.1
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.5 0.7 2.5 0.5 -0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.8 1.6 1.1 -0.7 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.4
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.7 0.8 2.6 0.9 1.3 0.2 0.0 -1.6 -0.5 0.2 0.9 0.6 -1.2 -0.7 0.6
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.3 -0.0 -0.8 0.0 0.0 1.2 -0.4 0.5 0.2 -0.3 1.2 0.2
Medication: Aspirin 0.5 0.7 3.0 -1.1 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.4 -1.7 0.0 0.4 -0.5 -1.1 0.8 -0.3
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.9 1.1 3.8 0.2 0.3 1.9 0.0 -1.9 -1.8 -1.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.7
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.8 -0.8 -0.3 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.2 0.7 2.4 -1.3 -1.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.8 -0.6 -1.6 -0.3 1.0 -0.0 -0.0
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 1.5 1.7 6.9 -0.9 -0.5 -2.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -2.6 0.3 -1.2 -1.3 -1.6 -1.6
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 1.1 1.5 5.2 -2.3 -1.7 -0.7 0.0 0.7 -0.2 -1.6 -1.0 -1.4 0.0 -1.3 -1.1
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.8 2.2 6.4 -1.8 -1.3 -0.3 0.0 0.4 -2.0 -0.9 -0.7 -2.0 -1.5 -1.9 -2.5
Smoking status: Previous 0.4 0.7 3.5 0.7 -0.3 -1.0 0.0 -1.9 1.4 -0.7 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 1.0 2.0 5.0 -1.0 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.5 -2.1 -2.2 0.2 -2.1 -2.2 -0.5 -2.1
Whole body fat-free mass 0.3 1.7 12.0 1.4 0.7 1.6 0.0 -3.5 -1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.0
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.3 1.5 11.8 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.0 -3.4 -1.1 0.5 0.0 0.6 -0.4 -0.5 0.3
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.1 0.4 1.8 0.6 0.2 -0.5 0.0 -1.0 0.8 -0.3 -0.3 0.7 1.3 -0.1 0.3
Average weekly red wine intake 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.0 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 -0.4 0.8 1.0
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 1.0 1.2 3.1 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.0 -1.5 -1.7 -1.8 1.6 -0.3 1.6 -0.5 0.2
Mood swings 0.5 0.9 2.9 -0.5 -0.4 1.7 0.0 -1.2 -1.2 -1.0 -0.7 -0.2 1.7 0.8 -0.1
Loneliness, isolation 0.4 0.6 3.5 -0.6 0.3 0.8 0.0 -0.2 -1.9 -1.1 0.2 -0.9 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.3 -0.8 -0.8 -0.6 0.4 0.3 -0.2
Ever had bowel cancer screening 1.1 1.3 4.2 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 -1.3 1.4 1.2 0.9 2.0 0.4 1.0 1.8
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7 -1.1 -0.7
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.8 0.9 2.0 -1.4 -1.1 0.5 0.0 1.2 -0.7 -0.5 -1.4 -1.2 0.4 0.0 -1.0
Friendships satisfaction 1.1 1.4 5.1 -1.8 0.1 1.2 0.0 1.7 -1.4 0.8 -0.5 -0.3 -2.3 0.6 0.9
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.4 0.6 2.4 -1.1 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -1.6 -0.2 -0.7 1.0 -1.0 -0.2
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.5 0.6 2.4 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.0 -0.4 -1.4 -0.6 1.1 0.1 1.6 -0.0 0.0
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.5 0.6 3.1 -0.2 0.3 0.6 0.0 1.8 -1.1 0.8 0.2 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.8
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.7 1.1 3.2 -0.6 -1.4 -1.0 0.0 -0.5 1.8 -1.0 -1.6 -0.1 1.7 -0.7 0.4
Medication for cholesterol 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.8 0.9 -0.5 0.0 -1.2 0.7 -0.0 0.8 0.6 -0.0 0.4 0.6
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.8 0.9 3.3 0.0 -0.7 -0.0 0.0 -1.5 -0.5 -1.0 -0.9 -1.0 0.2 -1.8 -1.4
Back pain experienced in last month 1.3 1.9 4.6 -1.7 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.0 -1.3 -1.9 -0.5 -1.8 -1.8 -1.5 -2.2
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.7 1.0 3.0 -0.6 -1.3 -1.7 0.0 0.6 1.4 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 1.4 -0.8 -0.5
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.9 0.6 0.3 -0.5 -0.5 0.4 0.6 -0.4
Asthma (self-reported) 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 0.0 0.6 0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.4 -1.2 -0.2
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.4 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.4 0.7 1.2 -0.2 0.7 -0.5 -1.2 0.7
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 2.5 -1.6 -1.0 -0.7 0.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -0.0 -1.1 -0.7
Medication: Aspirin 0.5 0.6 1.8 -1.2 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.9 -1.4 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -1.0 0.8 -0.1
Medication: Gliclazide 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.9 -0.3 -1.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.5 -1.0 -0.3
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.9 1.2 2.8 1.1 1.5 1.3 0.0 0.6 -1.0 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.7
Smoking status: Current 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -1.1 0.1 -1.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.1 0.3 1.2 -1.1 -0.4 -0.9 0.0 0.4 0.4 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2
Whole body water mass 0.3 1.6 11.5 1.3 0.7 1.7 0.0 -3.4 -1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.1
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.3 1.5 12.2 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.0 -3.5 -1.0 0.6 -0.0 0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.3
Arm fat mass (left) 0.1 0.5 3.4 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 -1.8 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.7 1.1 0.1 0.3
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.5 -0.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 0.6 -0.8 -0.8 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 1.6 2.2 6.6 -1.3 -1.3 -0.7 0.0 1.1 -1.4 -2.4 -1.0 -2.6 0.4 -1.4 -2.0
Miserableness 0.2 0.3 1.3 -0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -1.1 0.1 -0.7 -0.6 -0.2 0.5 0.6 -0.1
Guilty feelings 0.8 1.3 3.6 -0.6 -1.3 1.1 0.0 0.4 -0.7 -1.7 -1.6 -1.2 1.9 0.2 -0.9
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.7 0.6
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 2.0 2.2 4.9 -1.9 -1.6 -1.2 0.0 1.1 -0.7 -1.4 -1.2 -1.7 -1.1 -2.2 -2.1
Hearing aid user 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.0 -1.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.6
Mother’s age at death 0.5 0.6 2.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.5 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.0
Financial situation satisfaction 0.4 0.5 2.9 -0.3 -0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1 -1.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.1 -1.2 -0.4
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.9 1.0 2.6 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.0 -0.8 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.6 1.3 0.7 0.6
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 1.7 2.0 5.7 -2.4 -2.3 -1.3 0.0 1.1 1.2 -1.2 -2.0 -1.2 0.9 -0.3 -0.8
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.9 1.1 9.9 -0.0 0.5 -1.4 0.0 0.1 -0.0 -0.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.8 -3.1 -0.1
Medication: Blood pressure 0.2 0.4 1.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.3 -1.2 -0.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.5
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 1.2 1.5 6.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.7 0.0 -0.0 -2.4 -1.0 -0.3 -1.7 -1.7 -1.2 -1.6
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.7 0.9 2.8 0.1 0.6 1.7 0.0 -0.6 -1.7 1.0 -0.1 -0.0 -1.6 0.6 0.3
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.3 0.5 1.4 -0.4 -0.4 -1.2 0.0 -0.5 1.2 -0.8 0.1 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 0.6
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 0.0 0.4 0.9 -0.0 -1.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.2
Medication: Paracetamol 0.6 0.9 3.2 0.6 1.1 -0.2 0.0 1.3 0.7 1.5 0.5 0.8 -1.8 0.0 0.6
Medication: Lisinopril 0.3 0.4 3.8 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.7 -0.4 0.1 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 -1.9 -0.1
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.6 0.7 3.6 -0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.0 0.2 -1.0 -1.9 1.4 -0.5 1.0 -0.3 -0.4
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.7 0.9 2.6 -1.6 -1.5 -0.9 0.0 0.1 0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -1.0 0.3 -0.6 -0.4
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.5 0.6 2.2 -1.1 -0.6 0.3 0.0 1.5 -1.0 -0.4 -0.8 -1.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.6
Ever smoked 0.6 1.1 6.1 0.6 0.4 -1.7 0.0 -1.0 2.5 0.2 0.0 1.1 -0.6 -0.1 1.1
Basal metabolic rate 0.3 1.6 11.6 1.5 0.7 1.6 0.0 -3.4 -1.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.0
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.2 0.8 4.3 0.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -1.5 1.1 -0.9 -0.3 0.5 2.1 0.8 0.1
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.4 1.9 11.0 1.8 1.0 2.0 0.0 -3.3 -1.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 2.1 -1.4 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 1.0 0.2 -1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.5
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.5 0.7 2.0 -0.2 -1.2 -1.4 0.0 0.4 0.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 0.6 -0.2 -1.1
Irritability 0.2 0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 -0.9 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3
Risk taking 0.6 0.8 3.0 -1.7 -1.1 0.4 0.0 1.3 -0.8 0.0 -0.8 -1.0 0.3 -0.0 -1.3
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.3 0.3 2.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 0.0 0.4 -1.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.7 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.7 0.9 2.6 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.9 1.6 1.0 -0.1 1.5 1.6 0.2 1.2
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.8 0.0 -0.5 0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.0
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.5 1.6 4.0 -1.4 -1.7 -1.9 0.0 0.1 1.6 -1.4 -2.0 -1.2 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.9 1.2 3.4 -1.9 -1.4 0.2 0.0 1.2 -1.2 -0.6 -1.3 -1.4 0.2 -0.6 -1.2
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.5 0.6 2.6 -0.4 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 1.6 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -1.0 0.9 0.5 -1.0
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.4 0.4 1.7 -0.7 -0.3 0.2 0.0 1.3 -0.0 -0.2 -0.0 -0.3 1.1 1.3 0.0
Myopia 0.1 0.1 0.9 -1.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.0 -0.1
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.5 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.7 0.2 0.9 -0.3 -1.3 0.1 -0.5
Cholesterol lowering medication 1.2 1.7 3.6 -1.2 -1.5 -1.9 0.0 0.1 0.9 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -1.5 -1.6
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.8 -0.4 -0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.7
Pain experienced in last month 0.3 0.5 2.1 0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -1.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.1 -0.3 0.7
Supplements: Calcium 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.0 1.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.5 -0.0
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 1.4 1.6 4.0 1.7 1.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 2.0 0.7 -0.1 2.0
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 2.5 0.5 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.2 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.0
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.8 1.0 5.2 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.4 -1.0 -1.2 1.3 -0.1 2.3 1.3 -0.1
Heart disease (siblings) 0.4 0.5 1.9 -0.6 -0.4 0.2 0.0 0.5 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -0.8 0.8 -1.4
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.4 0.4 2.2 -0.1 0.3 0.7 0.0 1.5 0.2 0.5 -0.3 0.3 -0.3 1.3 0.0
Pack years of smoking 1.3 1.9 8.4 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.9 0.7 2.1 -0.3 1.0 1.9
Impedance of whole body 0.8 3.8 10.7 -2.4 -1.2 -1.8 0.0 3.3 -0.3 -2.0 -0.5 -2.5 -2.0 -0.2 -3.2
Leg fat mass (left) 0.2 0.8 4.9 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.0 -2.2 0.3 -0.6 -0.2 0.5 1.6 0.8 0.1
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.4 1.8 11.5 1.6 0.7 2.0 0.0 -3.4 -1.5 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.2