Hub : Genes

STYX

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Adipose Subcutaneous 0.0700 0.0280 2.1e-03 0.034 NA 0.034 NA 0.034 8.9e-04 NA 8.5e-04 NA 8.8e-04
2 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.0899 0.0296 1.1e-04 0.091 NA 0.073 NA 0.084 1.3e-07 NA 2.3e-06 NA 4.2e-07
3 GTEx Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes 0.2410 0.0880 4.6e-03 0.150 NA 0.119 NA 0.131 1.4e-05 NA 1.1e-04 NA 4.9e-05
4 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.3000 0.0500 0.0e+00 0.345 NA 0.344 NA 0.361 8.7e-27 NA 1.1e-26 NA 3.3e-28
5 GTEx Esophagus Mucosa 0.1660 0.0470 3.5e-06 0.089 NA 0.036 NA 0.022 1.5e-06 NA 1.8e-03 NA 1.2e-02
6 GTEx Muscle Skeletal 0.0719 0.0266 6.4e-04 0.066 NA 0.040 NA 0.063 4.5e-07 NA 7.4e-05 NA 9.2e-07
7 GTEx Testis 0.2490 0.0600 1.6e-06 0.263 NA 0.228 NA 0.243 4.8e-12 NA 1.7e-10 NA 3.8e-11
8 NTR Blood 0.0210 0.0080 4.3e-04 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.014 1.1e-04 0.00027 1.8e-04 0.00014 2.3e-05
9 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0134 0.0083 4.0e-03 0.014 0.010 0.005 NA 0.002 6.7e-04 0.00340 2.7e-02 NA 1.1e-01
10 TCGA Colon Adenocarcinoma 0.0610 0.0320 8.9e-04 0.074 0.051 0.036 NA 0.057 4.5e-05 0.00062 3.7e-03 NA 3.0e-04
11 TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 0.0398 0.0233 3.3e-03 0.025 0.008 0.021 NA 0.020 6.7e-04 0.03600 1.8e-03 NA 2.0e-03
12 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.0592 0.0330 3.3e-04 0.004 0.028 0.025 NA 0.016 1.2e-01 0.00054 1.1e-03 NA 7.9e-03

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.8 1.2 3.8 -0.3 0.8 -1.4 0.5 0.2 -1.4 -1.9 -0.9 -0.1 -1.0 -0.4 -1.9
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.5 1.2 4.5 0.4 -0.3 -1.3 -0.4 -0.5 -1.7 -0.9 0.6 -0.9 -1.5 -0.2 -2.1
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.5
Depression (Nagel 2018) 1.8 2.8 9.2 -0.1 -0.5 -2.4 -1.1 -0.9 -2.2 -1.0 -0.0 -1.6 -2.1 -1.8 -3.0
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.9 -0.5 0.7 0.8 -0.4 -1.0 -0.3 0.4 -0.2 0.8 -0.9
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.1 -0.7 0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1 -0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -1.2
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.4 0.9 2.6 0.7 -1.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.7 -1.0 0.4 1.6 -1.0 -1.1 0.1 -1.2
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.8 1.1 4.7 0.9 -0.1 1.5 0.2 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.2 2.2
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.6 1.4 3.2 0.1 0.5 -1.8 0.0 -0.1 -1.6 -1.6 -0.9 0.2 -1.4 -1.3 -1.8
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 6.1 7.1 14.5 3.8 3.4 0.9 3.2 3.3 1.0 -3.2 -3.7 3.0 1.6 0.5 0.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 8.0 8.6 15.3 1.9 2.5 3.7 3.0 3.4 3.8 -0.3 -1.9 2.8 3.9 3.0 3.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 11.8 17.1 30.0 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.7 5.5 4.2 -1.8 -3.7 4.4 4.8 3.4 3.3
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.2 0.4 1.7 -0.3 -0.2 0.8 0.1 -0.3 0.8 0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.5 1.3
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.6 1.4 3.7 0.8 1.4 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.5 -1.3 -1.5 1.8 0.7 -0.3 1.9
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 1.8 3.5 8.3 2.1 2.5 -0.7 2.1 1.7 -0.2 -2.9 -2.5 2.5 0.4 -0.2 1.6
Major Depression (MDD) 2.2 2.7 8.3 1.3 1.9 -1.8 1.2 0.3 -1.7 -2.9 -2.2 0.7 -1.3 -1.4 -1.5
Reaction Time 0.7 1.3 3.6 1.6 1.5 -0.5 1.3 1.0 -0.3 -1.9 -1.1 1.5 -0.0 0.4 0.2
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.3 0.8 3.8 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.9 0.1
Breast Cancer 0.2 0.5 1.7 -0.5 -1.0 -0.1 -0.8 -1.3 -0.3 0.9 1.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 0.2
Ovarian Cancer 0.2 0.3 1.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -1.0 -0.4 0.2 0.2 -0.6 -0.4 0.2 -1.3
Prostate Cancer 2.2 3.0 8.8 -0.2 -1.3 2.6 -0.4 -0.0 2.5 3.0 1.8 -0.6 2.0 1.8 1.3
Age at First Birth 1.8 2.6 8.8 1.4 2.1 -0.4 2.0 1.2 -0.2 -2.6 -3.0 1.7 0.3 -0.8 -0.2
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 1.0 1.0 3.3 1.2 1.3 -0.5 0.9 1.0 -0.7 -1.8 -1.3 0.5 -0.4 0.0 -0.8
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 3.0 4.1 9.3 3.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.1 -0.7 -1.5 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.6
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.2 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.7
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.3 0.6 2.5 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.1 -0.3 0.7 0.9 0.2 1.6
Mean Putamen Volume 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.6 -1.2 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.8
Fasting Glucose 1.2 1.4 2.8 1.7 1.1 0.4 1.6 1.5 0.7 -1.4 -1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.3
HbA1C 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.5 0.2 0.6 -0.5
HDL Cholesterol 0.5 0.9 2.5 -0.1 0.6 -1.2 0.4 0.2 -1.4 -1.6 -0.9 0.2 -1.1 -0.7 -1.1
LDL Cholesterol 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1
Lupus 1.7 2.6 7.8 1.8 2.1 -0.9 1.8 1.5 -0.3 -2.6 -2.8 1.2 0.1 -0.7 -0.9
Neuroticism (2016) 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.1
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 2.3 3.4 7.0 2.2 2.4 0.5 2.3 2.5 0.7 -2.2 -1.4 1.4 1.1 2.6 -0.2
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.7 0.9 2.6 -0.7 -0.1 -1.4 -0.4 -0.5 -1.6 -1.0 0.1 -0.2 -1.5 -0.9 -1.3
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.0 -0.3 -0.0 -0.0 -0.6 -0.4 0.5 0.0 -0.6 0.1 -0.5
Triglycerides 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 -0.2 -0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8 -0.7 -1.1 1.2 0.9 0.1 1.0
Ulcerative Colitis 2.3 3.4 8.5 2.4 2.4 -0.8 2.1 1.9 -0.3 -2.9 -2.4 2.1 0.2 -0.1 1.3
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.2 1.6 3.4 -0.3 0.2 1.8 0.6 1.1 1.9 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.7 1.6 1.5
Blood Platelet Count 0.6 6.7 15.4 1.5 1.9 2.9 2.3 3.9 3.0 -0.3 -0.1 2.5 3.0 3.9 2.4
Blood Red Count 0.0 0.4 1.1 -0.4 -0.1 -1.0 -0.3 -0.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -1.0 -0.7 -0.5
Blood White Count 0.3 2.1 4.0 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.6 -0.6 -1.2 1.9 1.7 0.6 2.0
Heel T-Score 0.4 3.4 26.7 0.9 -0.0 1.4 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.8 0.0 2.3 1.4 -0.1 5.2
BMI 2.5 14.3 23.5 3.9 4.5 2.8 4.7 4.8 3.0 -3.0 -4.0 4.5 3.6 2.9 2.7
Height 0.2 4.4 11.8 0.7 0.6 3.4 1.3 2.6 3.2 1.2 -0.1 0.6 3.0 2.7 1.7
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.2 1.0 9.7 -3.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.1 0.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3
Systolic Blood Pressure 4.9 24.7 38.7 -6.2 -4.4 -5.2 -5.2 -5.2 -5.4 1.2 3.8 -5.1 -5.8 -4.1 -5.8
Smoking Status 1.1 2.7 5.3 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.0 -0.3 -0.2 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.8
Allergy or Eczema 1.3 3.4 7.6 -0.3 0.7 2.5 1.3 2.0 2.8 1.0 -0.1 1.4 2.6 2.3 2.4
Cardiovascular Disease 0.5 1.7 4.9 -2.2 -1.3 -0.2 -1.1 -0.5 -0.4 0.9 1.9 -1.6 -0.7 1.0 -1.9
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.0 2.2 3.6 0.6 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.7 -1.0 -1.7 1.3 1.9 1.5 0.8
Respiratory disease 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.7 -0.1 -1.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 1.7 3.1 6.1 0.7 2.2 1.2 2.2 2.5 1.5 -1.5 -1.6 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.4
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.4 2.1 7.6 2.8 1.4 -1.1 0.9 0.7 -1.1 -2.3 -1.9 0.6 -0.7 -1.0 -0.9
Lung FVC 0.3 1.7 3.1 -0.1 -0.8 -1.8 -1.1 -1.7 -1.8 -0.3 0.2 -1.0 -1.7 -1.6 -1.6
Neuroticism 0.1 0.2 0.9 -0.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 -0.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.9
Chronotype (morning person) 1.1 2.5 5.4 2.0 2.2 -0.1 2.1 1.5 0.2 -2.3 -2.1 1.6 0.7 1.0 -0.3
Hair Pigment 0.1 3.3 9.0 -0.5 0.0 -3.0 -0.7 -1.3 -2.9 -1.9 -0.2 -0.4 -2.6 -2.1 -2.2
Tanning 0.0 0.2 0.8 -0.1 -0.4 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.8 0.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.7 0.7 0.0
Hand grip strength (left) 2.2 5.9 12.1 0.4 2.4 2.7 2.8 3.5 2.9 -0.9 -1.7 1.7 3.2 3.4 0.6
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.4 -1.0 -1.0 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2
Average weekly spirits intake 2.2 2.7 6.4 0.7 1.5 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 -0.6 -0.6 1.6 2.1 2.5 1.0
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.3 0.6 2.0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.9 0.1 0.7 -0.7 -1.0 -0.2 -1.4
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.6 2.5 -0.3 -0.1 -1.3 -0.4 0.1 -1.0 -0.6 -0.0 -0.7 -1.0 -0.6 -1.6
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.2 0.8 -0.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 -0.5 -1.0 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.5
Relative age of first facial hair 0.4 0.8 2.8 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.4 0.8 -0.3 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.7 0.9
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 1.3 1.6 4.2 2.0 1.6 0.6 1.6 1.5 0.8 -1.4 -1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.3
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 2.2 2.9 9.9 3.1 2.0 -0.1 1.7 1.4 -0.1 -2.2 -2.1 2.1 0.3 -0.0 1.2
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.6 0.7 1.8 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.9 -0.1 -0.5 1.0 0.9 0.2 1.3
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 5.2 15.1 22.8 -4.3 -3.3 -4.3 -4.0 -4.1 -4.6 0.5 2.8 -4.0 -4.8 -3.3 -4.7
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.8 0.7 -0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.7 -0.8 0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.2
Angina 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.6 0.4 0.1 -1.0 -1.3 0.8 0.3 -0.9 0.2
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 1.1 1.2 3.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.3 -0.2 -0.7 0.9 1.3 0.7 2.0
Vitamin and mineral supplements 1.9 2.6 4.3 -1.2 -1.5 -1.7 -1.8 -2.0 -2.0 0.3 1.2 -1.6 -2.1 -1.7 -1.4
Supplements: Zinc 1.5 1.7 4.4 -1.5 -1.7 0.4 -1.4 -1.4 0.3 2.0 2.1 -1.4 -0.1 0.3 0.2
Medication: Co-codamol 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 -0.8 0.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.2
Medication: Metformin 0.8 1.1 2.7 -0.4 0.4 1.3 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.2 -0.2 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.6
Diabetes (father) 0.1 0.1 0.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 -0.3
Diabetes (mother) 3.0 3.9 7.4 2.3 2.7 -0.1 2.4 2.1 0.3 -2.7 -2.6 2.7 0.8 0.2 1.4
Severe depression (siblings) 0.6 0.6 2.6 -0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.8 0.1 0.3 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -1.6
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.3 0.5 0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 0.3 0.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8
Impedance of leg (right) 0.8 3.8 8.0 -1.7 -2.2 -1.6 -2.4 -2.8 -1.8 1.4 1.9 -2.0 -2.0 -1.9 -0.9
Leg fat-free mass (left) 1.5 8.0 14.9 2.6 3.2 2.5 3.5 3.9 2.7 -2.0 -2.8 2.7 3.1 2.6 1.8
Trunk fat percentage 1.1 4.5 7.2 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 -0.9 -2.2 2.7 2.4 1.1 2.5
Hand grip strength (right) 2.6 7.0 14.6 1.7 3.1 2.3 3.3 3.8 2.6 -1.8 -2.5 2.1 3.0 3.3 0.5
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.3 0.5 1.4 -1.2 -0.3 -1.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 -0.3 0.9 -0.5 -0.8 0.3 -0.6
Current tobacco smoking 1.9 3.2 8.6 1.5 1.2 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.3 -0.1 0.1 1.2 2.4 2.9 1.4
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.5 0.6 3.9 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.9 -0.0 0.6 2.0 -0.2
Maternal smoking around birth 0.7 1.0 3.0 -1.7 -1.2 0.2 -1.1 -1.3 0.1 1.4 1.2 -0.8 -0.2 -0.3 0.2
Fed-up feelings 0.4 0.7 3.2 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.3 -0.0 1.1 1.8 -0.0
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.8 1.1 6.2 -0.6 -0.2 -1.4 -0.5 -0.2 -1.1 -0.7 0.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.1 -2.5
Relative age voice broke 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.0
Taking other prescription medications 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 -1.3 -0.0 -0.1 -1.1 -0.8 -0.3 0.3 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.1 0.2 1.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.5 -0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.4 1.3
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.3 0.4 2.9 1.7 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.6 -0.7 0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.1
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.3 0.6 5.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.4 -0.0 2.3
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 1.0 1.1 2.1 -1.4 -1.0 -0.5 -1.2 -1.2 -0.6 1.0 0.9 -1.3 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.6 0.8 2.3 -1.5 -1.1 0.1 -0.9 -0.9 0.1 1.4 1.1 -0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.8 1.0 2.2 0.5 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.2 0.8 -1.0 -1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.0
High blood pressure 1.0 2.9 5.9 -2.4 -1.8 -0.9 -1.8 -1.7 -1.1 1.1 2.1 -2.1 -1.4 0.0 -2.3
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.8 1.8 3.8 -0.5 0.1 1.8 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.3 0.5 0.6 1.8 1.9 1.5
Multivitamins +/- minerals 4.6 5.8 9.7 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 -0.5 -2.1 2.8 2.9 1.6 3.1
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.3 0.4
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 -0.8 -1.2 0.9 0.2 -0.5 0.4
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.7 0.8 2.8 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 -0.2 -0.4 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.7
Medication: Atenolol 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.8 0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.7
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.1 1.9 4.9 1.0 2.0 0.1 1.8 1.6 0.5 -2.0 -2.2 1.4 0.9 0.5 0.2
Sitting height 0.4 2.8 5.9 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.0 -0.5 -1.3 0.3 2.1 2.3 0.3
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.3 1.6 5.2 1.2 1.8 -0.3 1.3 0.8 0.1 -2.0 -2.3 1.4 0.4 -0.2 0.4
High blood pressure (mother) 1.2 1.8 3.3 -1.7 -1.5 -0.7 -1.5 -1.6 -0.8 1.1 1.6 -1.8 -1.1 -0.4 -1.2
Body mass index (BMI) 1.3 5.6 9.0 2.4 2.8 1.6 2.9 2.8 1.7 -2.2 -3.0 2.9 2.2 1.3 1.7
Impedance of leg (left) 0.6 3.1 5.3 -1.9 -2.2 -1.0 -2.2 -2.3 -1.2 1.9 2.2 -1.8 -1.5 -1.2 -0.4
Leg predicted mass (left) 1.5 7.9 15.0 2.5 3.2 2.5 3.5 3.9 2.7 -1.9 -2.8 2.7 3.1 2.7 1.7
Trunk fat mass 1.4 6.0 8.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.5 -1.3 -2.6 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.4
Waist circumference 1.8 6.6 10.9 1.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8 -1.2 -2.2 2.9 3.1 2.2 2.6
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.3 0.6 1.1 -0.6 -1.0 -0.3 -1.1 -0.7 -0.6 0.8 1.0 -0.2 -0.8 -0.8 0.6
Past tobacco smoking 0.2 0.4 1.4 0.5 -0.5 1.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 1.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.8 0.3 0.3
Alcohol usually taken with meals 3.6 5.8 8.8 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.7 2.4 2.3 -1.5 -2.8 2.7 2.6 1.1 3.0
Nervous feelings 0.5 0.9 2.1 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0 0.4 0.8 -0.8 -1.1 -0.6 -1.4
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.5 0.8 5.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.8 -0.5 0.3 -1.0 -0.8 0.2 -2.4
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.7 1.1 2.6 1.4 1.6 -0.7 1.2 0.6 -0.3 -1.5 -1.4 1.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.8 -0.0 -1.3 -0.3 -0.3 -1.1 -0.6 0.1 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7
Had menopause 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.3 0.2 -0.9 0.0 -0.7 -1.1 -1.1 -0.7 0.6 -0.9 -1.1 0.2
Had other major operations 0.8 0.9 2.3 1.2 1.4 -0.0 1.3 0.8 -0.0 -1.4 -1.5 0.9 0.2 0.3 -0.3
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.6 1.1 -0.5
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.5 1.1 8.9 0.3 -0.3 0.8 -0.2 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.1 3.0
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.7 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.4 -1.1
Qualifications: None of the above 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 -0.9 0.4 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.9 0.9 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 0.3
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 1.4 1.9 4.4 -0.7 0.6 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.9 0.7 0.1 1.0 1.8 2.1 1.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -0.7 -0.4
Heart attack 1.5 2.0 6.4 1.2 1.5 -1.7 0.9 0.4 -1.4 -2.5 -1.9 0.7 -1.0 -1.5 -0.7
Allergy 0.5 1.2 2.9 -0.1 -0.4 -1.2 -0.6 -1.4 -1.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.9 -1.3 -1.7 -1.4
Pain all over the body in last month 0.9 1.0 3.2 -1.0 -0.2 -1.1 -0.5 -0.3 -1.0 -0.4 1.1 -1.0 -0.9 1.2 -1.8
Diabetes (self-reported) 2.5 3.9 6.3 1.0 2.5 1.5 2.5 2.4 1.7 -1.6 -2.1 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.6
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 1.4 1.9 4.9 -0.5 -0.1 2.0 0.5 1.3 2.2 1.6 0.4 0.4 2.0 1.8 1.4
Medication: Ramipril 0.5 0.6 1.5 -0.2 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.7 -0.7 -1.2 0.9 0.8 -0.0 0.8
Medication: Simvastatin 0.5 0.7 1.9 -1.3 -1.2 0.4 -1.0 -0.6 0.3 1.4 1.3 -0.7 -0.0 0.1 0.2
Fluid intelligence score 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.7 1.1 0.1
Illnesses of siblings 0.4 0.5 2.3 -1.5 -0.7 -0.1 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1 1.0 0.8 -1.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.0
Neuroticism score 0.1 0.3 0.9 -0.9 0.5 -0.6 0.3 0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.4 -1.0
Weight 1.6 8.0 14.0 2.5 3.2 2.5 3.4 3.7 2.6 -2.0 -3.1 2.9 3.0 2.2 2.0
Impedance of arm (right) 0.3 1.5 5.3 -1.0 -1.7 0.5 -1.5 -0.9 0.3 2.3 1.7 -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 1.1
Arm fat percentage (right) 1.1 4.2 6.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 -0.9 -2.3 2.6 2.3 0.8 2.3
Trunk fat-free mass 0.7 3.8 8.1 1.8 2.5 1.3 2.6 2.9 1.5 -1.9 -2.3 1.4 1.9 1.7 0.2
Hip circumference 2.5 10.7 17.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.7 4.2 3.5 -1.5 -2.8 3.4 3.8 3.1 2.7
Time employed in main current job 0.7 0.8 2.6 0.0 -0.4 1.6 -0.0 -0.1 1.5 1.3 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.4 0.9
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 1.2 1.8 3.3 -1.3 -1.7 -1.1 -1.8 -1.7 -1.2 0.8 1.3 -1.0 -1.3 -1.6 -0.2
Father’s age at death 0.3 0.4 3.0 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.4
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.4 0.7 2.5 0.2 0.8 -1.1 0.5 0.3 -0.9 -1.6 -1.0 0.4 -0.7 -0.4 -1.2
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 2.1 -0.1 0.4 -0.9 0.2 0.1 -0.8 -1.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 0.1 -1.4
Falls in the last year 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.3 0.4 2.1 1.5 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.8 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.6
Number of live births 0.5 0.7 1.6 -0.9 -1.2 0.2 -1.0 -1.0 0.1 1.2 1.3 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.9 0.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.1 0.2 0.9 -1.0
Pulse rate 1.5 2.6 5.7 2.3 2.1 -0.4 1.8 1.4 0.1 -2.2 -2.4 1.9 0.5 -0.3 0.9
Happiness 0.3 0.4 1.3 -0.1 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.1
Noisy workplace 2.0 2.4 4.3 1.4 2.1 1.1 2.0 2.0 1.1 -1.5 -1.4 1.9 1.4 1.6 0.5
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.7 1.6 4.8 1.7 1.5 -1.1 1.0 0.6 -0.8 -2.2 -2.0 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.5
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.8
Asthma 0.8 1.5 2.9 -1.7 -1.3 -1.1 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 0.9 1.4 -1.1 -1.4 -0.9 -0.6
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.0 1.2 2.7 1.6 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.7 0.1 -1.5 -1.5 1.1 0.4 -0.0 0.6
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 0.2
Depression (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.7 -0.4 -0.0 -1.3 -0.2 -0.2 -1.1 -0.7 -0.1 -0.1 -1.1 -0.9 -0.8
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.4 -0.9 0.2 0.0 -0.8 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 -0.7
Prospective memory result 0.5 0.6 1.6 -1.2 -0.0 0.8 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.7 1.3 0.6
Lung cancer (father) 0.6 0.7 2.7 0.4 0.7 -0.5 0.5 0.1 -0.5 -1.0 -1.6 0.6 -0.4 -1.6 0.1
Illnesses of mother 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.3 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.9 -0.6 -1.1 0.3 1.0 1.1 -0.3
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 1.6 1.9 3.3 -1.2 -1.8 -1.0 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0 1.5 1.7 -1.3 -1.3 -1.4 -0.4
Impedance of arm (left) 0.3 1.3 4.4 -0.6 -1.6 0.4 -1.5 -1.1 0.1 2.1 1.7 -0.7 -0.3 -0.5 0.9
Arm fat mass (right) 1.6 6.5 9.9 2.4 2.7 2.2 3.0 3.2 2.3 -1.6 -2.8 3.1 2.7 1.6 2.3
Trunk predicted mass 0.6 3.5 7.5 1.7 2.4 1.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 -1.9 -2.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 0.1
Standing height 0.3 2.8 6.1 0.5 1.1 2.4 1.5 2.4 2.4 0.3 -0.4 0.4 2.3 2.5 0.9
Length of working week for main job 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.3
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.5 1.7 3.5 0.1 0.8 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.8 0.2 -0.4 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.8
Breastfed as a baby 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.9 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.1
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.6 1.0 2.5 -0.1 1.5 -0.5 1.3 1.4 -0.2 -1.6 -1.1 0.8 0.0 0.6 -1.2
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.6 0.9 4.7 0.2 0.8 -1.2 0.4 0.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.8 0.2 -2.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.2 0.6 1.4 -1.2 -0.4 0.9 -0.2 -0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 -0.8 1.1
Birth weight of first child 3.9 7.0 12.9 3.4 2.2 3.5 2.7 2.5 3.5 -0.1 -2.1 1.9 3.6 2.3 2.2
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.9 2.0 4.5 1.2 1.8 0.8 1.9 2.1 1.0 -1.4 -1.4 1.0 1.2 1.9 -0.3
Pulse wave reflection index 1.0 1.2 3.7 -1.6 -1.3 -0.2 -1.2 -0.7 -0.2 1.5 1.9 -1.3 -0.5 0.3 -0.1
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.3 0.3 1.2 -0.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.3 -0.5 -0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 -1.1
Loud music exposure frequency 0.9 1.0 2.2 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5 -0.6 -1.1 -1.4 -0.6 -0.1 -0.7 -1.3 -1.3 -1.5
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.5 1.8 1.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6 -0.9 0.2 -0.4 -1.4 0.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.5 0.6 1.7 -0.6 -0.6 0.9 -0.3 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.0 -0.6 0.6 1.3 0.2
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 1.2 1.5 2.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.1 -0.8 -1.0 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.6
Medication: Paracetamol 1.1 1.8 3.4 0.5 0.9 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.7 0.1 -0.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.7
Headache pain in last month 1.0 1.7 2.7 1.6 1.6 0.5 1.5 1.6 0.8 -1.1 -1.4 1.6 1.0 0.3 1.7
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.4 0.7 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.2 1.2 1.0 0.4 -0.9 -0.9 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.8
Glaucoma (self-reported) 2.0 2.4 6.6 2.6 1.9 0.7 1.9 1.2 0.7 -1.7 -2.0 1.6 1.1 0.4 1.0
Gout (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.2 -1.1 -0.8 0.2 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.8 0.9 -0.7 -0.0 -0.1 -0.1
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.7 1.4 2.6 0.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 -0.7 -1.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.8
Medication: Amlodipine 0.7 1.0 2.5 -0.7 -0.7 -1.2 -0.9 -1.0 -1.2 -0.1 0.6 -1.4 -1.2 -0.5 -1.6
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.4 0.6 1.6 -0.4 0.1 1.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.3
Birth weight 0.9 1.9 4.5 1.0 0.7 2.1 1.1 1.4 2.1 0.7 -0.2 0.8 2.0 1.9 0.9
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.6 0.7 2.0 1.0 0.8 -1.2 0.4 -0.2 -1.1 -1.4 -0.9 0.4 -0.8 -0.9 -0.2
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.7 0.9 -0.6 0.6 0.3 -0.4 -1.4 -1.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.2 0.8 1.7 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.0 -0.7 0.3 1.3 1.2 0.3
Body fat percentage 0.9 3.6 6.3 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.8 -1.1 -2.2 2.5 2.0 0.7 2.2
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.5 1.9 4.6 1.7 1.6 0.7 1.6 1.1 0.8 -1.4 -2.1 1.8 1.1 -0.0 1.3
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.9 4.5 9.1 1.9 2.8 1.3 2.8 3.0 1.5 -2.3 -2.3 1.7 1.9 2.2 0.4
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.4 0.5 1.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.9 -0.7 -1.1 -1.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -0.8 0.4
Comparative body size at age 10 1.1 3.0 4.9 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.6 2.1 -0.5 -1.4 1.6 2.2 1.7 2.1
Number of full brothers 0.3 0.4 1.7 -1.3 -0.7 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 0.8 1.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.3
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.4 -0.1 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.8 -0.2 0.6 -0.6 -0.8 0.0 -0.8
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.8 1.1 3.1 -0.2 0.7 -1.5 0.2 -0.3 -1.3 -1.4 -1.0 -0.5 -1.2 -0.9 -1.8
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.1 0.2 0.9 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.9
Number of children fathered 1.0 1.1 3.6 -1.1 -0.1 -1.8 -0.5 -0.1 -1.5 -0.8 0.3 -0.7 -1.4 -0.4 -1.9
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.1 0.2 1.4 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.2
Age at first live birth 0.7 1.3 3.5 1.1 1.4 0.5 1.5 0.9 0.6 -1.4 -1.9 1.4 0.9 0.1 0.8
Pulse wave peak to peak time 2.2 2.6 4.3 1.4 2.0 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.3 -1.5 -1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.6
Health satisfaction 1.6 2.0 3.4 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.4 -1.1 -1.6 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.4
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 -0.0 0.7 1.0 0.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.3 0.7 -1.0
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.4 1.3 2.4 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.8 -1.0 -1.5 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.9
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 2.3 2.7 4.4 -1.3 -2.0 -1.3 -2.1 -1.9 -1.3 1.4 1.9 -2.0 -1.6 -0.9 -1.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.5 -0.8 -0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.7 1.0 -0.0 1.0 1.1 0.2 -0.9 -1.1 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.5
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 3.4 5.7 10.6 -2.8 -3.1 -0.7 -2.9 -3.1 -1.0 2.8 2.5 -3.3 -1.4 -1.3 -2.0
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.4 1.9 4.2 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.0 -1.1 -1.0 2.0 1.3 1.0 1.8
Medication: Blood pressure 0.5 0.9 1.7 -1.2 -1.3 0.1 -1.1 -1.3 -0.2 1.0 1.0 -1.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.9
Angina (self-reported) 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.1 0.7 -0.2 0.6 0.4 -0.0 -1.1 -1.2 0.8 0.2 -0.9 0.3
Migraine (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 2.4 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.8 -0.7 -1.3 1.3 0.9 0.0 1.6
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.5 0.6 1.7 1.2 1.0 -0.0 0.8 1.3 -0.1 -1.1 -1.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 -0.0
Medication: Allopurinol 0.2 0.3 1.7 -1.3 -0.6 0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.6 -0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2
Medication: Omeprazole 0.9 1.1 2.6 0.7 1.6 -0.3 1.3 1.3 -0.2 -1.6 -1.2 1.1 0.1 0.8 -0.6
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 1.8 2.1 4.7 -2.2 -1.9 -0.6 -1.8 -1.8 -0.8 1.7 1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -1.5 -0.4
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.5 1.0 3.3 1.3 1.0 -1.0 0.8 0.3 -0.9 -1.8 -1.0 1.2 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2
Heart disease (mother) 0.9 1.1 2.2 -1.1 -0.8 -1.3 -1.0 -1.4 -1.4 -0.1 0.5 -0.3 -1.5 -1.5 -0.2
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.5 0.6 2.0 -0.4 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.0
Whole body fat mass 1.5 6.1 9.1 2.3 2.7 2.2 2.9 2.9 2.2 -1.7 -2.8 3.0 2.6 1.5 2.3
Leg fat mass (right) 1.1 4.4 6.2 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.5 2.3 1.8 -1.5 -2.4 2.5 2.2 1.3 2.0
Arm predicted mass (right) 1.1 5.6 10.7 2.0 3.1 1.5 3.1 3.3 1.7 -2.5 -2.6 2.0 2.1 2.3 0.7
Pulse rate, automated reading 1.6 5.1 10.0 3.0 2.9 0.0 2.6 2.1 0.6 -2.7 -3.1 3.2 1.0 -0.3 2.1
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.2 0.5 1.7 0.1 0.8 -0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.6 -1.3 -1.0 0.9 -0.4 -0.6 0.5
Comparative height size at age 10 0.5 2.7 6.2 0.9 0.8 2.5 1.3 2.1 2.4 0.7 0.0 0.6 2.3 2.3 1.2
Number of full sisters 0.5 0.6 1.7 -0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.9 -0.0 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.0
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.7 1.1 3.3 0.4 0.5 -1.8 0.1 -0.2 -1.5 -1.3 -0.2 0.2 -1.3 -0.6 -1.6
Overall health rating 2.1 4.5 9.9 2.0 3.0 -0.0 2.7 2.6 0.4 -3.1 -2.8 2.6 1.0 0.5 0.9
Chest pain or discomfort 0.4 0.6 1.5 -1.0 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 0.3 0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -1.2
Had major operations 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.8 0.0 -0.3 0.7
Age at last live birth 0.1 0.1 1.0 -0.1 -0.0 0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.1 1.0
Family relationship satisfaction 0.6 0.7 1.7 -0.1 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.1 -0.2 -0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.5
Leg pain on walking 2.0 2.5 5.2 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.9 2.1 1.2 -1.3 -1.0 1.7 1.4 2.3 0.4
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.9 1.1 2.5 -1.5 -0.5 1.3 -0.1 0.4 1.4 1.6 1.0 -0.2 1.1 1.3 0.7
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.4 -1.1
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.7 0.8 4.0 0.7 0.2 -1.2 -0.3 -0.7 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.1 -1.0 -2.0 0.1
Medication: Aspirin 3.4 4.5 7.7 2.5 2.8 0.4 2.7 2.5 1.0 -2.7 -2.5 2.6 1.4 1.1 1.4
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.7 0.8 2.4 -0.4 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.9 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.0 1.3 1.6 -0.0
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.7 1.1 2.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.9 -0.6 -0.8 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.4
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.8 2.3 4.7 -2.2 -1.6 -0.9 -1.6 -1.7 -1.1 0.8 1.8 -1.9 -1.3 -0.0 -2.0
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 1.4 1.6 2.9 1.6 1.6 -0.7 1.1 0.5 -0.6 -1.6 -1.7 1.7 -0.3 -1.1 1.2
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.9 1.2 3.2 0.4 0.3 -1.8 0.0 -0.4 -1.7 -1.4 -0.7 0.4 -1.5 -1.6 -0.8
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.2 1.5 3.3 1.2 -0.1 1.8 0.3 0.8 1.8 1.1 0.5 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.5
Smoking status: Previous 0.5 0.7 2.1 -1.0 0.0 -1.4 -0.4 -0.4 -1.4 -0.8 0.1 -0.1 -1.3 -1.1 -0.2
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.3 0.6 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.2 0.6 -0.8 -0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.0
Whole body fat-free mass 1.0 5.9 12.2 2.1 2.9 1.9 3.1 3.5 2.1 -2.0 -2.6 2.0 2.5 2.3 0.9
Leg fat-free mass (right) 1.7 8.8 17.8 2.5 3.2 2.9 3.6 4.2 3.0 -1.7 -2.7 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.0
Arm fat percentage (left) 1.1 4.3 7.0 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.9 -1.2 -2.5 2.7 2.2 0.9 2.2
Average weekly red wine intake 2.2 3.3 6.2 0.3 1.6 2.3 2.1 1.8 2.4 -0.2 -1.6 1.7 2.5 1.8 1.9
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 1.9 2.3 6.3 0.6 0.4 2.1 0.8 1.3 2.2 0.9 0.2 1.3 2.0 1.8 2.5
Mood swings 0.3 0.5 1.7 -1.2 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 -0.6 0.0 0.6 -0.9 -0.6 0.4 -1.3
Loneliness, isolation 0.4 0.5 2.0 -1.1 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.8 1.4 -0.5
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.9 1.3 3.4 1.2 1.6 -0.1 1.4 1.0 0.2 -1.8 -1.4 1.3 0.5 0.8 -0.7
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.3 0.4 1.6 -0.9 -0.0 -0.7 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.5 -0.4 -1.3 0.9
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 2.7 4.4 7.2 0.9 2.3 1.7 2.5 2.6 2.0 -1.5 -2.1 2.7 2.2 1.5 2.4
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 1.2 1.2 6.2 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 -0.2 0.4 0.3 1.1 2.5 0.1
Friendships satisfaction 0.6 0.7 3.3 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.4 1.0 1.8 -0.2
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.9 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 0.3
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.4 0.5 1.9 -0.3 0.7 -0.3 0.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.8 -1.4 0.5 -0.0 -1.0 0.7
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.4 1.6 3.2 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.3 -0.5 -1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.2 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.5 -0.4 0.2 0.7 -0.1 0.2
Medication for cholesterol 0.5 0.7 2.4 1.6 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.4 -0.4 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.3
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 -0.5 -0.7 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.9
Back pain experienced in last month 0.5 0.7 1.9 0.5 1.1 -0.9 0.7 0.9 -0.6 -1.4 -1.1 0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.9 1.2 2.9 -0.6 -0.5 -1.7 -0.9 -1.0 -1.7 -0.6 0.8 -0.9 -1.6 -0.8 -1.2
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.6 0.8 2.4 -0.6 -1.0 -0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -0.7 0.5 0.7 -1.5 -0.8 -0.2 -1.5
Asthma (self-reported) 0.7 1.4 2.6 -1.6 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -1.3 0.5 1.2 -1.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.8
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 2.1 0.4 1.4 0.0 1.3 1.4 0.4 -1.0 -0.8 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.2
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.9 1.2 3.2 1.1 0.3 -1.8 -0.0 -0.1 -1.6 -1.5 -0.6 0.0 -1.3 -1.0 -1.6
Medication: Aspirin 2.9 3.8 6.5 2.5 2.5 0.5 2.5 2.2 1.0 -2.3 -2.2 2.4 1.3 1.1 1.3
Medication: Gliclazide 1.4 1.6 4.4 -0.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 -0.6 -1.3 1.9 1.3 0.4 2.1
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.4 -0.6 0.1 -0.4 -0.8 -0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.9 0.4
Smoking status: Current 2.3 3.6 10.6 1.4 1.1 2.3 1.6 2.3 2.5 0.2 0.3 1.1 2.5 3.3 1.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.1 0.2 0.9 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.9
Whole body water mass 1.0 5.9 12.3 2.0 2.9 2.0 3.1 3.5 2.2 -2.0 -2.6 2.0 2.6 2.4 1.0
Leg predicted mass (right) 1.7 9.1 18.1 2.5 3.3 2.9 3.6 4.3 3.1 -1.7 -2.7 2.8 3.4 3.1 2.1
Arm fat mass (left) 1.6 6.6 10.3 2.5 2.9 2.1 3.1 3.2 2.3 -1.9 -2.9 3.0 2.6 1.6 2.2
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 1.0 1.7 4.3 1.4 1.9 -0.4 1.6 1.3 -0.0 -2.1 -1.6 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.3
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 1.2 1.6 3.0 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.9 -1.1 -1.4 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.5
Miserableness 0.6 1.1 3.1 -1.7 -0.9 -0.2 -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 1.0 1.5 -1.3 -0.4 0.9 -1.5
Guilty feelings 0.5 0.8 1.7 -0.4 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.0 -0.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.7 0.8 1.7 0.9 -0.6 -0.9 -0.8 -1.3 -1.2 -0.2 0.3 -0.7 -1.1 -1.1 -0.6
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 1.2 1.4 3.2 -0.1 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.7 0.2 -0.5 0.6 1.7 1.8 0.4
Hearing aid user 0.8 0.9 2.6 -1.1 -1.2 0.7 -0.9 -0.8 0.4 1.3 1.6 -0.7 0.3 0.7 0.1
Mother’s age at death 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.9 0.6 0.8
Financial situation satisfaction 0.8 1.0 2.2 -1.4 -0.7 1.2 -0.3 0.0 1.2 1.5 1.1 -0.7 0.9 1.4 -0.3
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 3.3 3.9 7.8 2.8 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.2 1.9 -1.1 -1.3 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.2
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 2.8 3.4 7.4 2.7 2.2 1.3 2.4 1.9 1.3 -1.6 -2.0 1.7 1.7 1.4 0.9
Medication: Blood pressure 0.9 1.7 2.8 -1.5 -0.9 -1.7 -1.3 -1.6 -1.6 -0.3 0.8 -1.1 -1.6 -1.2 -1.3
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.3 -0.0 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.4
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.5 0.7 1.6 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.5 -0.5 0.6 1.0 0.3 1.2
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 1.3 2.3 5.5 -2.3 -2.0 -0.7 -2.0 -1.3 -0.7 1.7 2.0 -1.7 -1.1 -0.9 -0.4
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.7 1.1 2.1 0.8 1.4 0.5 1.3 1.0 0.6 -1.5 -1.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.4
Medication: Paracetamol 0.6 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.0 -0.1 -0.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1
Medication: Lisinopril 2.6 3.3 7.0 -2.6 -2.4 -0.5 -2.2 -2.1 -1.0 1.7 2.5 -1.9 -1.3 -0.2 -1.3
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.0 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.6 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.2
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.5 0.7 1.4 -1.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 0.3 0.9 -1.2 -0.8 -0.1 -1.0
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.5 -0.3 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6
Ever smoked 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.2 0.3 -1.1 0.1 0.3 -0.9 -1.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.7 -0.0 -0.5
Basal metabolic rate 1.2 6.6 13.0 2.2 3.0 2.1 3.2 3.6 2.3 -2.0 -2.7 2.3 2.7 2.4 1.2
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.7 2.4 4.6 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.1 -1.3 -2.1 2.1 1.4 0.3 1.7
Arm fat-free mass (left) 1.0 4.9 10.3 1.7 2.7 1.7 2.9 3.2 2.0 -1.9 -2.3 1.8 2.3 2.3 0.8
Number of operations (self-reported) 1.5 2.2 5.1 1.6 2.2 0.2 2.0 1.4 0.3 -2.1 -2.2 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.4
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 3.0 4.3 12.8 -3.6 -2.5 -1.0 -2.6 -2.0 -1.2 2.0 2.5 -2.3 -1.6 -1.2 -0.9
Irritability 0.7 1.2 3.5 1.1 1.3 -0.9 0.9 0.4 -0.8 -1.9 -1.8 0.4 -0.5 -0.9 -1.3
Risk taking 1.3 1.9 4.5 0.8 -0.2 2.1 0.5 1.1 2.1 1.3 0.7 0.2 1.9 2.0 1.2
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.4 0.5 1.2 -0.0 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.3 -0.6 0.4 1.0 0.4 1.1
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 2.8 3.6 8.7 2.9 2.6 -0.3 2.3 1.7 -0.0 -3.0 -2.5 2.1 0.5 0.4 0.6
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.9 1.1 2.8 0.6 0.0 -1.5 -0.3 -0.9 -1.7 -1.0 -0.2 -0.1 -1.5 -1.2 -1.2
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.2 3.8 6.8 -2.1 -1.3 -2.4 -1.9 -1.6 -2.6 -0.2 1.3 -2.0 -2.6 -1.4 -2.4
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.5 0.7 2.1 -0.2 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.2 0.5 1.4 -1.0
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2 0.6 0.7 0.1 -1.0 -1.0 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.0
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.2
Myopia 2.8 4.1 9.0 -1.5 -1.7 -2.2 -2.0 -2.1 -2.3 0.5 1.1 -2.3 -2.4 -2.2 -3.0
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 1.1 2.9 5.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.5 -0.6 -1.8 1.9 1.7 0.6 2.2
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.9 0.3 -0.6 0.2 0.7 -0.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.7 0.9 2.6 0.5 1.4 -0.3 1.2 1.1 -0.4 -1.6 -1.3 0.9 -0.0 0.4 -0.6
Pain experienced in last month 1.4 2.4 4.4 -1.3 -2.0 -0.9 -1.9 -2.1 -1.3 1.0 1.3 -2.1 -1.5 -1.2 -1.3
Supplements: Calcium 0.5 0.5 1.4 -1.2 -0.9 -0.4 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 1.0 1.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.5 0.1 -1.1 -0.2 -0.4 -1.0 -0.7 0.6 0.1 -0.9 0.3 -0.3
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.8 2.4 7.6 1.4 1.7 -1.9 1.0 0.5 -1.5 -2.8 -2.0 0.8 -1.0 -1.6 -0.6
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 1.6 2.0 4.0 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.2 -0.9 -1.1 1.9 1.3 0.9 2.0
Heart disease (siblings) 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.5
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 2.4 2.7 4.1 1.2 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.5 -1.3 -1.9 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.8
Pack years of smoking 0.6 0.9 1.9 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.2 0.1 0.4 -0.7 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8
Impedance of whole body 0.5 2.6 5.7 -1.6 -2.2 -0.2 -2.1 -1.9 -0.5 2.4 2.3 -1.5 -0.9 -0.8 0.2
Leg fat mass (left) 1.2 4.9 6.8 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.0 -1.4 -2.4 2.6 2.4 1.4 2.2
Arm predicted mass (left) 1.1 5.4 10.8 1.7 2.8 1.8 3.0 3.3 2.0 -2.1 -2.5 2.0 2.4 2.3 0.9