Hub : Genes

TM2D2

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0610 0.0200 5.0e-06 0.057 0.041 0.050 0.045 0.055 1.7e-07 8.6e-06 9.4e-07 2.9e-06 2.4e-07
2 GTEx Artery Aorta 0.0640 0.0300 7.3e-03 0.051 NA 0.011 NA 0.030 8.2e-04 NA 8.1e-02 NA 8.3e-03
3 GTEx Artery Tibial 0.0574 0.0254 5.5e-03 0.045 NA 0.024 NA 0.030 1.9e-04 NA 5.5e-03 NA 2.1e-03
4 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.0810 0.0320 1.9e-03 0.067 NA 0.017 NA 0.040 9.7e-06 NA 1.9e-02 NA 5.1e-04
5 GTEx Esophagus Muscularis 0.1310 0.0420 2.1e-04 0.092 NA 0.102 NA 0.110 3.4e-06 NA 9.4e-07 NA 3.6e-07
6 GTEx Muscle Skeletal 0.0655 0.0280 1.2e-03 0.067 NA 0.044 NA 0.056 4.0e-07 NA 3.4e-05 NA 3.4e-06
7 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.1045 0.0362 7.5e-05 0.059 NA 0.046 NA 0.047 5.5e-05 NA 3.5e-04 NA 3.0e-04
8 GTEx Thyroid 0.0610 0.0270 5.9e-03 0.002 NA 0.004 NA -0.001 2.1e-01 NA 1.5e-01 NA 3.6e-01
9 GTEx Whole Blood 0.1600 0.0500 1.9e-06 0.053 NA 0.088 NA 0.064 1.1e-05 NA 1.7e-08 NA 1.6e-06
10 NTR Blood 0.0167 0.0079 7.1e-03 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 3.2e-01 2.0e-01 1.1e-01 1.1e-01 1.3e-01
11 TCGA Brain Lower Grade Glioma 0.0632 0.0294 3.2e-08 0.066 0.072 0.067 NA 0.079 5.1e-08 1.4e-08 4.9e-08 NA 2.9e-09
12 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.1470 0.0680 2.0e-08 0.076 0.074 0.076 NA 0.084 7.8e-08 9.8e-08 7.5e-08 NA 1.5e-08

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.0 1.6 7.1 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.4 -0.2 1.9 2.7 0.5 -1.3 -0.0 0.1
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.2 0.4 1.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -1.1 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.7 -0.5 -1.2
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 3.4 7.1 11.5 -0.3 0.0 -3.2 -3.2 -3.1 -2.5 -3.1 -2.7 2.2 2.9 -2.7 -3.4
Depression (Nagel 2018) 4.0 6.0 17.5 0.8 0.8 -2.3 -2.4 -1.8 -2.6 -1.8 -1.5 4.2 3.1 -3.2 -2.6
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.2 0.6 2.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.7 1.2 -1.4 0.1 0.7 0.9
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 2.6 6.1 10.2 -0.5 -0.5 -3.2 -3.1 -3.0 -1.9 -3.1 -2.1 1.7 2.7 -2.5 -3.0
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.9 1.9 3.8 -0.9 -1.2 -1.2 -2.0 -1.5 -0.6 -1.5 -1.9 0.4 1.9 -0.7 -1.6
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 1.9 2.5 6.5 -0.8 -0.8 -1.9 -1.6 -2.4 -1.0 -2.1 -2.5 -0.5 1.4 -0.7 -1.3
Worry (Nagel 2018) 2.6 5.5 10.4 -1.3 -1.2 -3.1 -3.1 -3.0 -1.5 -3.2 -2.1 0.7 2.3 -1.8 -2.9
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.3 0.3 0.9 -0.8 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -0.9 -0.4 0.6 0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 1.3 1.4 2.8 -0.1 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.7 -1.2 -0.9 1.3 1.5
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.3 0.4 1.3 -1.1 -0.6 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 -0.4 0.1 -1.0 -0.7 0.8 0.3
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.1 0.2 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 -0.0 0.5 0.0 -1.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.2 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.3 1.2 0.2 -1.4 -0.1 0.5 0.6
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.6 1.0 2.8 0.7 0.1 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.6 1.7 0.3 -1.3 -0.4 0.9 0.9
Major Depression (MDD) 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 -0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.9 -0.4 0.3 0.2
Reaction Time 0.7 1.3 3.9 -1.1 -2.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.8 -0.2 -1.5 -0.5 1.5 0.8
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.0 -0.5 1.0 -0.4 0.1
Breast Cancer 0.2 0.4 1.8 -0.1 0.5 0.2 0.9 -0.0 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 1.3 0.3 0.3 1.1
Ovarian Cancer 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.8 1.1 0.1 -0.6 0.2
Prostate Cancer 0.7 1.0 3.0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.8 -1.2 -1.3 0.3 -0.7 -1.7 -0.5 -1.3 0.1 -0.8
Age at First Birth 0.5 0.7 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 -0.6 1.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.8 -0.2 0.0
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.7 1.0 2.2 0.8 1.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -1.5 -0.6 -1.0 1.5 0.7 -1.3 -0.8
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.0 0.1
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.2 0.3 0.3
Mean Putamen Volume 0.9 1.0 5.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 -0.1 1.2 0.1 2.3 1.2 0.1 0.6
Fasting Glucose 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.6 -0.5
HbA1C 1.0 1.1 3.7 1.9 0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.7 -1.5 0.4 0.3 0.9 -0.4 -1.9 0.8
HDL Cholesterol 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.5 -0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.9 0.1 0.1
LDL Cholesterol 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 -0.5 0.7 -0.5 1.2 -0.5 0.2 0.3
Lupus 0.4 0.6 2.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.9 -0.0 -0.2 -1.5 -1.3 0.9 0.2
Neuroticism (2016) 0.8 1.2 3.1 1.2 1.6 -0.7 -0.2 -0.0 -1.7 -1.0 0.0 1.0 0.8 -1.8 -0.9
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.7 0.9 3.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.7 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.2 -1.2 0.0 1.0
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.5 2.0 3.6 -1.1 -1.3 -1.7 -1.6 -1.7 -0.6 -1.9 -0.3 1.8 1.8 -0.8 -1.4
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.4 0.9 3.1 -0.7 -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 -0.9 -0.4 -0.9 -1.0 -0.1 1.8 -0.2 -1.1
Triglycerides 1.1 1.8 5.2 -0.3 -0.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.3 -1.0 -1.5 1.6 1.5
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.6 0.7 1.6 -1.2 -0.6 -1.2 -1.0 -1.1 -0.2 -0.8 1.1 -0.3 0.9 0.2 -0.6
Ulcerative Colitis 1.0 1.5 4.3 0.6 -0.2 1.8 1.3 1.6 0.9 2.1 0.8 -0.7 -0.2 1.3 1.2
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.6 4.7 11.8 -3.0 -3.4 0.0 0.1 -0.7 3.4 -0.4 1.9 -2.6 -0.9 3.2 1.4
Blood Platelet Count 1.1 12.3 24.7 -4.3 -5.0 -4.5 -4.3 -4.2 0.7 -4.0 -3.9 -1.9 1.2 0.1 -3.3
Blood Red Count 1.3 12.3 23.5 0.0 -0.7 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.4 -2.6 -1.5 4.4 4.8
Blood White Count 1.1 7.9 22.2 -4.7 -4.5 -1.1 -1.2 -1.5 3.5 -1.2 2.7 -3.6 0.7 3.5 0.8
Heel T-Score 0.1 0.7 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 -0.6 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.9 -0.2 0.1
BMI 0.7 3.8 12.8 2.9 2.9 1.2 0.8 1.0 -2.2 0.9 1.5 3.6 1.5 -1.7 -0.4
Height 1.0 18.5 32.6 1.8 1.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 3.6 5.7 4.9 -3.1 -1.8 3.3 5.7
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 1.5 6.8 16.8 -3.1 -3.0 0.5 0.8 0.2 4.0 0.4 2.5 -3.7 -1.9 4.1 2.3
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.5 2.3 5.1 0.1 0.6 1.8 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.7 -0.5 -1.5 -2.0 1.6 2.3
Smoking Status 0.4 0.9 4.3 0.5 -0.3 0.8 -0.0 0.7 -0.1 1.3 2.1 1.7 -0.8 0.3 -0.2
Allergy or Eczema 0.3 0.9 6.3 1.1 1.0 0.1 0.8 0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.3 0.8 2.5 -0.2 0.6
Cardiovascular Disease 1.0 3.4 6.2 -0.5 -0.6 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.4 -1.6 -1.4 2.4 2.5
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -1.0 -1.0 -0.1 -0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.5
Respiratory disease 1.1 2.5 5.4 -0.7 -1.2 1.3 1.7 1.2 2.2 1.4 2.3 -0.8 0.6 2.3 2.0
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.5 1.0 1.8 -0.3 -0.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.1 -1.2 -1.4 0.9 1.3
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.7 3.6 12.0 3.0 2.8 1.0 1.1 0.8 -1.9 0.7 1.5 3.5 1.4 -1.7 -0.0
Lung FVC 0.9 4.6 16.5 -0.1 0.7 -2.0 -1.9 -1.6 -2.2 -2.4 -4.1 1.9 1.6 -2.5 -2.2
Neuroticism 1.4 3.3 5.3 -0.0 0.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.0 -1.9 -2.2 -1.4 1.7 2.2 -1.8 -2.3
Chronotype (morning person) 1.1 2.4 4.7 -1.6 -1.4 -2.1 -2.2 -1.9 -0.5 -2.1 -1.5 -1.0 -0.1 -0.3 -1.9
Hair Pigment 0.1 1.5 5.2 -1.6 -2.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 1.4 -0.5 -0.7 -2.3 -0.4 1.3 -0.1
Tanning 0.1 0.7 2.1 0.9 0.8 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -1.3 -0.6 -0.4 1.0 0.7 -1.4 -0.9
Hand grip strength (left) 1.2 3.2 6.3 -0.9 -0.9 -2.3 -2.4 -2.1 -1.1 -2.5 -2.1 -0.2 1.3 -1.6 -2.2
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.5 1.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.0 -0.5 -0.9 0.9 0.8
Average weekly spirits intake 2.2 2.7 5.5 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.4 -0.3 2.3 1.4 1.5 -0.2 0.2 1.5
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.5 0.8 1.8 0.4 0.4 -1.0 -0.7 -1.0 -1.4 -1.3 0.4 0.9 -0.2 -1.2 -1.2
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 1.9 2.7 7.4 1.0 0.8 -1.3 -1.4 -0.8 -2.1 -0.8 -1.3 2.7 1.5 -2.4 -1.9
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.3 0.5 1.5 -0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.9 -1.0 -0.3 0.8 1.2
Relative age of first facial hair 0.2 0.5 1.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0 -0.9 -0.6 0.4 -0.4 -0.9
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 1.1 1.5 5.1 -1.4 -1.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 2.3 0.7 1.5 -0.3 0.4 1.6 1.4
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.6 0.7 2.6 1.4 1.6 0.8 1.1 0.4 -0.6 0.9 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.7
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.4 0.4 1.3 -0.7 -0.1 -1.0 -0.3 -1.2 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 0.4 -0.1
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.5 1.3 3.6 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.5 0.8 -0.5 0.9 -0.3 0.9 -1.6 -0.3 0.8
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.7 0.8 2.5 -1.1 -0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.2 -0.2 -0.6 -1.6 -0.4 1.5 0.8
Angina 0.7 1.0 3.3 1.7 1.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 -1.4 0.6 0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 0.1
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 -0.1
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.5 0.7 2.3 0.3 -0.1 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.4 1.2 1.5 -0.4 -1.5 0.5 0.2
Supplements: Zinc 0.5 0.5 2.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -1.2 -1.6 -1.4 0.3 0.4
Medication: Co-codamol 1.0 1.2 2.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 -0.2 1.3 0.4 0.4 -0.7 0.4 1.0
Medication: Metformin 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.4 -0.6 0.3 0.7
Diabetes (father) 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 -0.2 0.9 0.6 -0.4 -0.7
Diabetes (mother) 0.6 0.7 2.0 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 -0.1 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.7
Severe depression (siblings) 1.1 1.3 3.6 1.2 1.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -1.9 -0.8 -0.2 0.8 1.8 -1.7 -1.2
Pack years adult smoking proportion 3.8 5.8 12.0 -2.6 -2.6 -3.4 -3.5 -3.2 -0.4 -3.1 -2.2 0.1 0.4 -0.1 -2.7
Impedance of leg (right) 1.0 5.0 18.4 -0.1 -0.2 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.7 1.5 -2.1 -4.3 2.3 2.8
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.2 1.2 2.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.5 0.9 -1.0 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.2 -0.7 -0.0
Trunk fat percentage 2.4 9.8 18.1 2.2 2.1 4.3 4.0 3.9 1.2 4.2 3.9 0.8 -2.8 1.7 3.6
Hand grip strength (right) 0.5 1.3 2.6 0.4 0.1 -1.1 -1.3 -1.0 -1.3 -1.3 -0.9 0.5 1.1 -1.6 -1.6
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.4 -0.1 0.8
Current tobacco smoking 0.4 0.7 2.7 -0.6 -1.2 -0.5 -1.0 -0.3 0.1 0.1 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.2 -0.7
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.8 1.0 2.8 -1.2 -1.3 -1.2 -0.7 -1.2 0.5 -1.7 -0.1 -0.6 1.2 -0.2 -0.3
Maternal smoking around birth 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.0 -0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.8 -0.1 -0.5 0.7 0.8
Fed-up feelings 3.5 6.4 11.7 -1.0 -1.1 -3.2 -3.4 -3.0 -1.8 -2.8 -3.3 1.4 2.0 -2.0 -3.3
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 3.1 4.1 10.3 -0.5 -0.4 -2.5 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.8 -0.4 2.6 3.2 -2.0 -2.4
Relative age voice broke 0.8 1.3 4.2 -1.8 -1.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.7 1.1 -0.6 -0.2 -2.0 -0.3 1.3 0.1
Taking other prescription medications 0.3 0.5 2.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 -0.4 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.5 0.0 0.2
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.9 -0.6 0.3 0.7 0.6
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.4 0.4 1.2 -0.7 -0.1 -1.1 -0.6 -1.1 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.8 -0.3 0.3 -0.7
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.5 1.0 3.3 1.8 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.2 -0.8 1.2 0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.1
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 2.0 2.1 3.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 -0.1 1.6 1.7 1.0 -0.4 -0.3 1.4
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.7 0.9 4.1 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.0 0.5 0.8 0.2 1.0
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.5 0.6 2.1 -0.7 -0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.8 -1.4 0.9 0.6
High blood pressure 1.0 2.8 4.9 -0.0 -0.1 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.6 -0.6 -2.0 1.8 2.2
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.4 0.8 6.2 0.6 0.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 0.4 2.5 -0.5 -0.3
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.4 1.8 6.1 0.9 1.1 -0.7 -0.3 -0.6 -1.6 -1.0 -2.5 1.4 2.0 -1.7 -0.7
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.0 1.1 0.2 0.7 -0.6 -0.4 0.5
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.7 1.0 3.9 0.1 -0.0 0.8 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 -2.0 -1.4 0.8 1.1
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.0 0.3 -0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.0
Medication: Atenolol 1.8 2.2 5.2 0.0 0.7 1.9 2.2 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.8 -0.6 1.5 2.3
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.0 1.6 6.8 -1.7 -1.5 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1 1.0 -0.3 0.3 -1.8 -2.6 0.8 -0.1
Sitting height 0.3 2.4 5.7 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.2 2.0 -0.8 2.0 0.9 1.5 -0.9 -0.9 0.7
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.3 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 -0.3 0.9 -0.8 -0.6 -0.1 0.2 -0.2
High blood pressure (mother) 0.9 1.3 4.4 -0.7 -0.8 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.6 0.1 -2.1 -1.2 1.4 0.7
Body mass index (BMI) 0.8 3.3 11.8 2.4 2.6 0.5 -0.1 0.1 -2.7 0.6 -0.1 3.4 1.0 -2.1 -1.2
Impedance of leg (left) 1.0 5.0 17.1 -0.7 -0.7 1.6 2.1 1.9 2.8 1.6 1.6 -2.1 -4.1 2.5 2.8
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.2 1.1 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.9 -1.0 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 -0.7 -0.1
Trunk fat mass 1.7 7.5 14.2 2.6 2.6 3.7 3.3 3.4 0.3 3.8 3.4 1.6 -2.0 0.8 2.6
Waist circumference 0.3 0.9 3.2 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.9 -0.0 1.4 1.8 0.6 -0.6 0.5 0.7
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.9 3.1 7.6 2.2 2.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -2.8 -0.7 0.1 2.5 0.3 -2.6 -1.8
Past tobacco smoking 0.4 0.7 3.3 0.2 0.6 -0.7 -0.2 -0.7 -0.7 -1.1 -0.9 0.5 1.8 -0.8 -0.4
Alcohol usually taken with meals 0.7 1.1 2.9 -1.5 -1.7 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 1.4 -0.4 -1.5 -1.1 -1.0 1.0 0.1
Nervous feelings 2.0 3.8 8.5 -2.1 -1.9 -2.7 -2.5 -2.8 -0.2 -2.9 -1.6 0.2 1.3 -0.4 -1.9
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 2.6 4.0 9.7 -1.3 -0.8 -2.8 -3.1 -2.6 -1.5 -2.3 -1.0 1.1 1.4 -1.6 -2.6
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 1.0 1.5 4.1 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 -1.1 0.6 1.4 1.3 0.9 -0.8 0.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 1.0 1.3 3.9 -1.4 -1.6 -0.1 0.2 0.2 1.6 -0.0 0.8 0.4 -2.0 1.6 0.8
Had menopause 0.3 0.4 2.1 -0.6 -0.7 0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.4 -0.1 0.7 0.8
Had other major operations 0.9 1.1 3.1 0.4 0.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 -1.6 1.0 1.3
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.4 1.5 6.5 -0.5 -0.3 -1.5 -1.4 -0.8 -0.6 -1.5 -2.6 -0.3 0.8 -1.1 -1.2
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.9 2.0 7.0 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.4 -1.4 1.3 0.5 0.9 -0.5 -1.1 0.1
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 2.6 3.2 8.6 -1.8 -2.0 -2.9 -2.0 -2.5 -0.2 -2.5 -1.8 -0.4 0.2 -0.0 -1.6
Qualifications: None of the above 0.4 0.8 1.8 -1.1 -0.6 -1.3 -1.0 -1.3 -0.3 -1.2 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.7
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.5 0.6 1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 0.0 -0.9 -0.9 0.0 1.0 0.0 -0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems 1.3 1.9 4.9 -0.6 -0.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.2 -2.2 -2.1 1.9 1.4
Heart attack 1.4 1.8 3.6 -0.6 -0.1 -1.8 -1.6 -1.6 -1.2 -1.9 -1.3 -0.3 1.0 -1.3 -1.7
Allergy 0.2 0.4 4.1 -0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.0 -2.0 -0.1 -0.0
Pain all over the body in last month 0.8 0.9 2.8 -1.1 -1.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.2 -1.5 1.7 0.7
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.4 0.6 2.2 -0.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.7 -0.7 -1.5 0.8 1.0
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.8 1.0 3.7 1.4 1.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -1.1 0.0 -1.2 0.7 1.9 -1.3 -0.3
Medication: Ramipril 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.0 -1.1 0.5 0.7
Medication: Simvastatin 1.1 1.7 4.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.5 0.8 2.0 -1.4 -2.0 1.5 1.2
Fluid intelligence score 0.3 0.6 2.3 0.8 0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -0.2 1.5 -1.2 -0.8
Illnesses of siblings 0.3 0.4 1.5 -1.1 -1.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.8 -0.6 0.2 -0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3
Neuroticism score 1.5 3.0 5.9 -0.5 -0.4 -2.3 -2.2 -2.2 -1.5 -2.4 -1.5 0.7 1.8 -1.4 -2.3
Weight 0.6 3.0 6.6 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.1 1.6 -1.4 2.1 1.5 2.5 0.1 -1.0 0.3
Impedance of arm (right) 2.7 12.8 26.1 -2.1 -2.5 2.5 3.3 2.6 5.1 2.3 3.6 -4.4 -3.4 4.7 4.7
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.7 2.8 4.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 -0.6 2.1 2.1 2.0 -0.8 -0.0 1.2
Trunk fat-free mass 0.5 2.6 6.2 1.8 2.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.3 -2.4 -0.0 -0.7 2.5 1.7 -2.1 -1.7
Hip circumference 0.4 1.8 4.3 2.0 2.1 1.6 0.9 1.3 -1.1 1.7 0.7 1.9 -0.4 -0.7 0.2
Time employed in main current job 2.3 2.6 5.9 -0.4 -0.2 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.5 -1.2 -2.4 2.1 2.0
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3
Father’s age at death 1.0 1.4 4.4 2.1 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 -1.4 -0.1 -1.2 1.6 1.4 -1.5 -0.6
Worrier / anxious feelings 3.2 6.0 12.7 -0.8 -0.5 -3.2 -2.9 -3.1 -2.1 -3.6 -3.1 -0.1 1.6 -2.0 -3.2
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 2.8 4.5 10.0 -0.6 -0.8 -2.8 -3.2 -2.6 -1.8 -2.2 -1.0 1.9 1.4 -1.9 -3.2
Falls in the last year 0.9 1.3 3.0 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.7 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.3 -0.5 -1.7 0.7 1.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 1.5 2.2 4.9 0.8 1.2 -0.8 -1.4 -1.0 -2.2 -1.1 -1.1 0.6 2.2 -2.1 -2.0
Number of live births 1.0 1.4 4.0 1.8 2.0 1.1 1.4 0.9 -0.6 1.3 0.0 -0.0 -1.7 -0.5 0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.4 1.5 5.3 0.7 0.9 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -1.3 -1.2 -2.3 0.8 1.3 -1.7 -1.0
Pulse rate 0.3 0.5 1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.5 -0.9 -0.2 0.4 -1.1 0.4 -0.2
Happiness 0.6 0.8 3.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 -0.6 -1.1 -1.8 0.8 0.7
Noisy workplace 0.3 0.4 2.7 0.3 0.7 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.7 -0.1 1.7 -0.1 -0.6 0.3
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.4 1.0 3.7 -1.1 -1.9 -0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2 -1.2 -1.6 0.5 1.1 0.5
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 1.9 2.2 6.7 -0.6 -0.6 -1.6 -1.5 -1.8 -0.9 -2.0 -2.6 1.1 -0.5 -1.2 -1.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 1.7 2.9 5.7 1.3 1.2 -0.8 -1.4 -1.2 -2.4 -1.2 -2.2 2.3 1.0 -2.1 -2.1
Asthma 1.1 2.2 5.9 -1.3 -1.6 0.8 1.3 0.8 2.2 0.9 1.7 -0.7 0.6 2.4 1.8
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.0 -0.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.4 0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.8 -0.6 -0.6
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.8 1.3 3.5 -1.2 -1.1 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.5 0.4 0.6 -1.5 -1.9 1.6 1.0
Depression (self-reported) 0.7 0.8 2.2 0.6 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -0.6 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 1.4 0.4 -1.5 -0.8
Medication: Lansoprazole 4.1 4.7 11.0 3.3 3.3 2.7 2.3 2.5 -1.3 2.4 1.3 2.1 -0.9 -0.9 1.2
Prospective memory result 0.8 1.0 2.6 -0.8 -0.7 -1.6 -1.5 -1.3 -0.5 -1.1 -0.4 1.0 -0.5 -0.6 -1.2
Lung cancer (father) 0.3 0.3 0.7 -0.2 -0.3 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.1 0.8 -0.6 -0.6
Illnesses of mother 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.0 -1.2 -0.8 -0.9 -0.4 -0.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 -0.8 -1.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.2 0.6 2.4 1.0 0.9 -0.0 0.2 0.6 -0.8 -0.1 -1.5 0.4 0.9 -1.1 -0.0
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 1.0 1.2 2.4 -0.2 -0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.9 -0.9 -1.2 -1.0 1.6 1.2
Impedance of arm (left) 3.7 17.1 30.8 -1.6 -2.0 3.7 4.3 3.8 5.5 3.4 4.0 -4.6 -4.0 5.2 5.5
Arm fat mass (right) 0.6 2.6 5.8 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.2 1.4 -1.2 1.9 1.6 2.4 -0.3 -0.7 0.5
Trunk predicted mass 0.5 2.8 6.6 1.8 2.0 -0.4 -1.0 -0.4 -2.5 -0.0 -0.8 2.6 1.8 -2.1 -1.8
Standing height 0.6 6.1 10.4 0.5 0.3 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.5 3.2 3.1 -1.6 -2.0 2.3 3.0
Length of working week for main job 3.5 3.9 10.9 0.3 0.3 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.8 2.9 -0.6 -3.3 1.7 2.2
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 -1.1 -0.7 0.3 1.4 1.0 -1.2 0.1
Breastfed as a baby 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 -0.4 1.2 0.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.7 0.2
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.5 0.9 1.8 -0.8 -0.5 -1.3 -1.3 -1.4 -0.4 -1.3 -0.1 0.6 0.8 -0.4 -1.1
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.2 1.9 4.1 -0.8 -1.2 -2.0 -1.8 -1.7 -0.8 -1.8 -1.1 0.1 0.9 -1.2 -1.7
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.2 0.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.2 0.3 -0.6 -1.2 -0.7 0.0
Birth weight of first child 0.3 0.5 1.9 0.9 1.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -1.1 -0.5 0.4 0.2 0.7 -0.9 -0.6
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.6 1.5 3.8 0.6 1.0 -0.9 -0.6 -0.4 -1.1 -1.2 -1.9 1.6 1.2 -1.8 -0.9
Pulse wave reflection index 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.1 -1.0 -0.5 0.4 -0.4 -0.1
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 -0.7 0.0 -0.1 0.6 0.4 -0.6 -0.5
Loud music exposure frequency 1.5 1.7 4.1 1.9 1.3 -0.7 -0.2 -0.6 -2.0 -0.4 -1.2 1.2 1.2 -1.8 -1.2
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.6 -0.2 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.1 -1.1 -0.5 0.5 0.1 0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 0.6 0.1 0.9 -0.3 0.8 -0.0 0.2
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.5 0.6 2.1 -0.5 -1.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.8 -1.4 1.5 0.3 -0.4
Medication: Paracetamol 0.3 0.5 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 -0.6 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.2 -0.7 -0.1
Headache pain in last month 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 1.1 1.7 4.4 1.2 1.0 -0.9 -0.7 -0.7 -1.7 -0.9 -0.9 1.3 2.0 -2.1 -1.4
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.0 0.3 -0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.0 0.5 -0.5 0.1
Gout (self-reported) 5.3 7.2 15.6 -1.0 -0.6 2.6 2.6 2.3 3.0 2.9 4.0 -2.6 -2.1 3.4 3.3
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.2 0.4 1.2 -0.6 -0.4 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.1 -1.1 -0.2 -0.5
Medication: Amlodipine 5.1 7.2 14.1 1.2 1.4 3.8 3.7 3.4 1.9 3.4 2.8 -0.2 -1.1 2.4 3.7
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.7 0.9 3.3 -1.5 -1.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8 1.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.6 1.4 0.1
Birth weight 0.3 0.7 2.9 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 -0.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 -1.7 -0.2 0.5
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 2.6 3.1 6.4 -0.1 0.1 -2.5 -2.1 -2.2 -1.6 -2.5 -1.6 0.9 0.3 -1.8 -2.4
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.6 0.7 -0.3 -0.7 -0.4 -1.1 -0.1 -1.0 0.6 0.3 -1.3 -1.1
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.1 0.4 3.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -1.8 -0.3 0.9 -0.4 -0.2
Body fat percentage 1.7 6.6 12.0 2.5 2.4 3.4 3.1 3.1 0.2 3.5 3.1 1.7 -2.1 0.7 2.5
Leg fat percentage (right) 1.3 4.7 12.7 3.4 3.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 -2.1 1.9 0.9 3.3 -0.9 -1.4 0.4
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.5 2.8 8.5 2.2 2.2 0.2 -0.6 0.1 -2.5 0.6 -0.1 2.9 1.3 -2.1 -1.4
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.9 1.2 3.5 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 -0.5 0.8 1.9 -0.9 1.8 0.0 0.6
Comparative body size at age 10 2.1 5.8 13.9 2.9 2.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.5 -3.5 -0.8 -0.6 3.4 2.9 -3.7 -2.4
Number of full brothers 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.7 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.1
Worry too long after embarrassment 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.7 0.3 -0.9 0.7 0.2 0.1
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 2.4 3.1 8.8 -2.4 -3.0 -2.2 -1.9 -1.9 0.8 -1.8 -0.2 -2.0 1.1 0.4 -1.1
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7 -0.0 1.1 -0.5 -0.7 -1.1
Number of children fathered 2.9 3.3 9.5 2.8 2.9 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -3.1 0.2 -0.3 2.2 0.4 -2.7 -1.3
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 3.4 4.0 8.8 2.2 2.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 0.6 2.3 1.7 -0.5 0.6 -0.1 2.2
Age at first live birth 0.3 0.5 1.6 -0.4 -0.7 0.3 0.8 0.3 1.3 -0.0 -0.2 -0.9 -0.1 0.9 1.1
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.9 1.0 2.3 0.4 0.7 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -1.4 -0.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 -1.5 -1.1
Health satisfaction 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.3 -0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 -0.5 1.2 -0.8 0.2 0.5
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 1.5 1.8 4.8 0.9 1.0 -0.8 -1.0 -0.7 -2.2 -1.1 -1.7 1.2 1.5 -1.8 -1.5
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.3 0.8 5.8 -0.5 -1.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.6 -2.4 0.9 0.7 0.4
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 1.5 1.7 3.7 -0.5 -0.3 -1.6 -1.9 -1.4 -1.3 -1.1 -1.7 -0.5 1.2 -1.2 -1.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.4 -0.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.5
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.6 0.6 2.6 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.0 -0.2 0.8 0.4 -0.2 -1.6 -0.1 0.3
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.8 1.3 3.4 -0.4 -0.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1.4 -0.7 -1.7 -1.8 0.6 0.2 -1.0 -1.2
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.5 0.7 2.2 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 -0.9 0.4 -0.2 0.7 -0.7 -1.1 0.0
Medication: Blood pressure 0.4 0.7 2.2 -0.8 -0.7 0.5 0.7 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.7 -1.0 -0.7 1.5 1.0
Angina (self-reported) 0.9 1.2 3.9 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 -1.1 0.9 0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 0.5
Migraine (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 -1.0 -1.4 -1.1 0.3 -0.0
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.5 0.6 1.5 0.5 0.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 1.2 -1.1 -1.1
Medication: Allopurinol 2.6 3.4 9.9 0.2 0.6 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.3 2.2 3.2 -1.4 -1.6 1.8 2.2
Medication: Omeprazole 1.2 1.5 3.5 -0.0 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.4 -1.2 -0.6 1.1 1.4
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 1.2 1.4 2.7 -1.1 -1.2 -1.6 -1.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.3 -0.9 0.8 1.0 -0.5 -1.5
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.3 0.5 1.9 -0.8 -1.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 1.3 0.3 -0.5 -1.0 -0.3 0.9 0.2
Heart disease (mother) 0.6 0.7 3.6 0.6 0.7 -0.0 -0.2 0.2 -1.3 -0.0 -1.9 1.1 0.1 -0.9 -0.5
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.8 0.9 2.2 0.2 -0.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.2 -1.3 -0.7 0.8 1.1
Whole body fat mass 1.2 4.9 9.5 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.6 -0.4 3.1 2.7 1.9 -1.4 0.2 1.8
Leg fat mass (right) 1.0 3.7 10.0 2.9 3.0 1.7 1.2 1.5 -1.9 1.8 1.3 3.2 -0.3 -1.3 0.2
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.6 2.9 8.3 2.5 2.5 0.6 -0.1 0.5 -2.4 1.1 0.2 2.9 1.2 -2.0 -1.0
Pulse rate, automated reading 1.2 3.9 9.0 -1.2 -0.9 -2.3 -2.3 -2.2 -1.1 -2.7 -3.0 2.0 1.1 -0.9 -2.3
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2
Comparative height size at age 10 0.8 4.3 12.2 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.1 2.4 1.6 2.7 3.5 -0.3 -2.0 1.6 2.4
Number of full sisters 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.7 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.4 -0.8 -0.6
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 1.0 1.5 4.9 0.1 -0.4 -1.4 -1.1 -1.4 -1.1 -1.7 -0.3 -0.1 2.2 -1.4 -1.4
Overall health rating 0.5 1.0 6.3 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.1 -0.3 1.3 0.7 2.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.3
Chest pain or discomfort 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.8 0.7 -1.0 0.9 -0.0 -0.5 -0.5
Had major operations 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -0.8 -1.2 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 -0.4 -1.2
Age at last live birth 1.4 2.0 6.0 -2.2 -2.4 -1.1 -0.8 -1.3 1.6 -1.0 0.1 -1.9 0.3 1.4 -0.1
Family relationship satisfaction 1.1 1.4 3.1 -1.3 -1.8 -1.6 -1.4 -1.3 0.1 -1.2 -1.2 -1.3 -0.1 0.6 -1.0
Leg pain on walking 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.3 -0.0 0.4 -0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.0
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.7 0.8 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 -0.5 1.0 -0.6 0.1 -0.7 -0.1 0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.9 1.0 2.4 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.2 -0.8 0.5 1.3
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.3 0.4 2.0 0.5 0.5 -0.4 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.2 1.3 -0.1 1.4 -0.5 -0.4
Medication: Aspirin 1.5 2.0 6.9 -2.6 -1.9 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 1.3 -1.1 -0.2 -1.9 -0.3 1.7 -0.3
Supplements: Vitamin C 1.1 1.3 4.0 -1.0 -0.7 0.2 0.8 -0.0 1.6 -0.1 0.2 -2.0 -1.5 1.6 1.3
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.6 1.0 2.8 1.4 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 -1.3 0.2 -1.1 1.0 1.0 -1.4 -0.5
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.9 2.4 4.8 0.3 0.2 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.3 -0.3 -1.6 1.5 2.1
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 1.1 1.3 3.0 0.8 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.6 0.8 -0.9 1.0 0.5 1.3
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 1.1 1.5 7.5 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.2 1.0 -2.4 -2.7 1.0 0.7
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 1.5 1.8 3.6 -0.7 -0.6 -1.7 -1.6 -1.9 -1.2 -1.8 -1.4 0.7 0.9 -0.9 -1.8
Smoking status: Previous 0.4 0.6 3.8 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.8 -0.7 -1.9 0.5 0.5
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.3 0.7 2.8 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.1 1.1 1.7 0.8 1.5 0.0 0.2
Whole body fat-free mass 0.3 1.7 4.5 1.7 1.8 0.2 -0.5 0.1 -1.9 0.5 0.0 2.1 1.6 -1.5 -1.1
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.1 0.8 2.4 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.6 -0.7 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 -0.5 -0.1
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.9 3.8 6.8 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.3 -0.4 2.6 2.2 1.8 -1.0 0.2 1.6
Average weekly red wine intake 0.8 1.2 3.0 0.8 0.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.5 -1.7 -0.2 0.5 1.3
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 1.9 2.2 5.4 -1.0 -1.0 -2.0 -1.9 -2.1 -0.7 -2.3 -1.6 -0.7 0.6 -1.1 -1.6
Mood swings 3.3 6.0 12.6 0.4 0.6 -2.8 -2.7 -2.7 -2.5 -2.8 -1.6 1.1 3.6 -2.9 -3.2
Loneliness, isolation 0.0 0.1 0.6 -0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.7 -0.1 0.0
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.4 0.6 1.5 -0.5 -0.7 0.7 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.1
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.7 0.8 3.2 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.7 0.3 -1.8 -0.6 1.2 1.1
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.4 1.0 -0.3 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 -0.1 -1.0 0.8 0.9
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.8 0.8 1.9 -1.3 -1.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 1.4 -0.4 0.4 -1.4 -0.5 1.2 0.4
Friendships satisfaction 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.7 -0.2 -1.2 -0.8 0.2 0.1
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.6 1.0 4.2 1.0 0.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -1.5 -0.4 -0.4 1.3 2.0 -1.2 -0.7
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 1.1 1.2 5.1 -0.0 -0.0 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -2.3 1.0 1.0 -0.9 -1.2
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.8 0.9 2.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.3 0.6 1.1 -0.8 -1.2 1.4 1.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.7 1.2 3.0 -0.4 -1.0 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.6 1.6 -0.9 1.7 1.2 1.2
Medication for cholesterol 2.3 3.5 6.7 -0.9 -1.3 -2.6 -2.5 -2.5 -1.1 -2.4 -2.0 -0.3 1.5 -1.2 -2.5
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 1.3 1.5 7.2 -0.2 -0.2 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.7 2.7 -0.5 -0.2 1.3 1.1
Back pain experienced in last month 2.8 4.1 9.7 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.9 -0.8 2.2 0.7 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 1.5
Mineral and other dietary supplements 1.0 1.3 4.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.8 -1.5 -0.5 -1.2 -0.5 0.4 1.6 2.0 -1.1 -1.6
Breast cancer (self-reported) 1.5 1.8 4.7 1.9 1.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -2.0 -0.2 -1.0 1.5 1.3 -2.2 -1.2
Asthma (self-reported) 1.1 2.1 5.3 -1.0 -1.4 1.1 1.4 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.9 -0.4 0.7 2.3 1.8
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.7 0.9 3.2 -1.3 -1.4 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 0.6 -0.9 0.2 -1.8 0.1 0.7 -0.3
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 1.7 2.2 5.1 1.3 1.3 -0.9 -1.1 -1.0 -2.3 -0.9 -1.7 1.7 0.6 -2.3 -1.8
Medication: Aspirin 1.3 1.7 6.1 -2.5 -1.7 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 1.0 -1.2 -0.4 -1.6 -0.3 1.4 -0.5
Medication: Gliclazide 0.9 1.0 2.1 -1.2 -0.8 -1.1 -1.4 -1.2 -0.1 -1.4 -1.1 -0.1 -1.0 0.0 -1.2
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 2.7 3.4 7.5 0.3 0.0 -1.8 -1.6 -1.8 -1.8 -2.2 -2.7 2.4 1.8 -1.9 -1.9
Smoking status: Current 0.4 0.6 2.9 -0.3 -1.0 -0.2 -0.9 -0.0 0.0 0.4 1.2 1.7 0.3 0.1 -0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.6 1.2 3.1 1.6 1.7 0.4 1.1 0.9 -1.0 -0.2 -1.0 1.8 0.7 -0.7 0.4
Whole body water mass 0.3 1.7 4.5 1.7 1.8 0.3 -0.3 0.3 -1.8 0.7 0.2 2.1 1.5 -1.5 -1.0
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.1 0.7 2.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.6 -0.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.5 -0.4 -0.1
Arm fat mass (left) 0.7 3.1 6.0 2.4 2.4 2.1 1.5 1.8 -1.2 2.2 1.5 2.3 -0.5 -0.6 0.7
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 1.3 2.3 4.4 -0.7 -0.8 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 -0.8 -0.2 2.1 2.0
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.3 0.5 1.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -1.2 -0.9 -0.3 0.1 -0.6
Miserableness 1.0 1.7 3.4 -0.2 -0.4 -1.9 -1.8 -1.5 -1.1 -1.2 -1.8 0.4 1.0 -1.2 -1.9
Guilty feelings 0.3 0.5 1.5 -0.1 0.0 -1.0 -1.2 -0.7 -0.8 -0.4 -1.0 -0.1 0.6 -0.6 -1.0
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.2 1.0 -0.6 0.7 -0.0 0.4 0.8
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 1.8 2.0 5.2 0.2 -0.1 -1.9 -1.9 -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 -0.8 0.9 0.7 -1.7 -2.3
Hearing aid user 3.1 3.5 7.5 -1.2 -0.7 1.4 2.1 1.2 2.7 0.7 1.8 -1.8 -1.8 2.7 2.7
Mother’s age at death 0.7 0.9 3.4 -1.3 -1.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 1.8 -0.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.4 1.3 1.2
Financial situation satisfaction 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.6 0.1 -0.7 -0.9 -0.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.0
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 2.1 2.4 6.5 1.1 1.0 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 -1.9 -1.2 -0.5 2.5 0.7 -1.9 -2.3
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.0 -0.7 -0.4 -0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 -1.4 -0.7 0.8 -0.4 -0.7
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.3 0.4 2.3 0.4 0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.4 0.7 1.5 -0.9 -0.3
Medication: Blood pressure 2.4 4.6 10.0 0.7 1.0 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.5 1.2 -0.5 -2.8 1.6 2.8
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 1.8 2.2 5.2 1.6 1.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 -2.3 -0.7 -2.0 1.7 1.2 -1.8 -1.6
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.3 0.4 3.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 -0.3 -1.3 -0.2 -1.7 0.1 0.4
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 1.6 2.9 5.1 -0.1 -0.1 2.1 1.7 2.3 1.7 2.1 1.1 -0.8 -2.3 1.7 2.2
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.3 0.5 2.0 -1.0 -0.4 0.1 -0.6 -0.3 0.6 -0.0 -1.4 -0.1 -1.1 0.5 -0.2
Medication: Paracetamol 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.9 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5
Medication: Lisinopril 0.7 0.9 2.1 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.1 -0.7 -0.8 0.3 1.0
Medication: Atorvastatin 1.0 1.3 2.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 -0.3 1.5 0.3 0.7 -1.1 0.2 1.1
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.9 1.1 3.2 -0.0 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.4 -1.1 0.8 0.9 1.1
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.6 0.1
Ever smoked 0.5 0.8 2.3 -0.5 -1.0 0.5 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 -0.6 -1.5 0.9 0.4
Basal metabolic rate 0.3 1.9 5.3 1.9 2.0 0.6 -0.1 0.5 -1.8 0.9 0.5 2.3 1.2 -1.4 -0.8
Leg fat percentage (left) 1.2 4.5 11.9 3.2 3.5 1.8 1.4 1.7 -2.2 1.9 0.8 3.3 -0.9 -1.5 0.3
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.5 2.5 8.7 2.0 2.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -2.3 0.6 -0.0 2.9 1.3 -1.9 -1.3
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.7 1.0 2.9 -0.6 -1.1 0.3 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.8 0.7 -0.6 -1.4 1.7 1.2
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.4 0.6 2.4 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8 0.3 -1.6 1.0 -0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.4
Irritability 0.3 0.4 2.3 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.0 1.0 1.5 1.1 -0.4 0.0
Risk taking 0.5 0.8 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 -0.6 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.6
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 0.9 1.0 4.4 -1.4 -0.8 -0.3 -0.8 -0.2 0.9 0.1 -2.1 -1.5 -0.6 0.7 0.0
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.6 0.8 1.8 1.2 1.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 -1.2 -0.8 -1.4 1.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.5 0.7 3.0 -0.6 -0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -1.2 0.1 -1.4 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.6 -0.2
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.8 2.6 6.7 2.6 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.5 -1.3 1.3 -0.4 2.0 -0.8 -0.8 0.5
Ever depressed for a whole week 1.3 1.6 3.0 -1.4 -1.7 -1.6 -1.0 -1.5 0.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.7 0.6 0.2 -0.8
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.5 0.7 2.9 0.7 0.4 -0.0 -0.7 -0.2 -1.1 0.1 -0.7 1.7 -0.3 -1.1 -0.9
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 0.5 0.6 1.6 -0.2 -0.1 -1.2 -1.0 -1.0 -0.8 -1.3 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 -0.7 -1.0
Myopia 3.4 5.0 8.8 -0.0 -0.2 2.6 2.1 3.0 2.0 2.9 1.5 -2.7 -2.4 2.2 2.6
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.7 1.8 3.9 0.1 0.1 -1.7 -1.7 -1.2 -1.2 -1.5 -1.0 1.0 2.0 -1.5 -1.7
Cholesterol lowering medication 1.8 2.7 6.4 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.2 0.6 1.7 2.5 -0.1 -1.2 0.7 1.9
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 3.2 3.9 8.8 0.9 1.2 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.1 3.0 2.3 -1.0 -1.1 1.5 2.3
Pain experienced in last month 1.2 2.0 5.3 -1.6 -1.8 0.3 0.4 0.2 2.2 0.8 1.5 -1.9 -0.2 2.3 1.3
Supplements: Calcium 2.6 2.8 7.5 -1.3 -1.3 1.1 1.3 0.6 2.1 0.9 1.6 -2.7 -0.9 2.5 2.2
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.8 -0.0 1.1 0.3 0.7
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.1 1.4 3.1 -0.7 -0.2 -1.6 -1.4 -1.4 -0.9 -1.8 -1.3 -0.2 0.9 -1.1 -1.4
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 2.2 -0.6 -1.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.5 -0.0 -0.3 -1.2 -1.5 1.5 0.3 -0.6
Heart disease (siblings) 1.0 1.2 2.5 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.1 1.4 0.9 -0.8 -1.5 0.5 0.9
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3
Pack years of smoking 3.2 4.6 9.2 -2.0 -2.0 -3.0 -3.0 -2.9 -0.6 -3.0 -2.2 0.0 0.2 -0.4 -2.5
Impedance of whole body 2.6 13.1 23.4 -1.2 -1.4 3.2 3.7 3.4 4.6 3.0 3.2 -3.6 -4.7 4.4 4.8
Leg fat mass (left) 1.0 3.8 11.2 2.9 3.0 1.7 1.1 1.5 -1.9 1.8 1.2 3.3 -0.2 -1.4 0.1
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.5 2.5 8.6 2.0 2.1 0.2 -0.5 0.1 -2.3 0.6 0.0 2.9 1.2 -1.9 -1.3