Hub : Genes

VANGL2

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Brain Cerebellar Hemisphere 0.374 0.0970 4.8e-04 0.269 NA 0.277 NA 0.269 1.4e-07 NA 8.5e-08 NA 1.4e-07
2 GTEx Brain Cerebellum 0.463 0.0920 1.3e-06 0.388 NA 0.356 NA 0.374 1.6e-12 NA 2.2e-11 NA 5.1e-12
3 GTEx Colon Sigmoid 0.315 0.1030 1.2e-03 0.179 NA 0.117 NA 0.169 6.4e-07 NA 6.4e-05 NA 1.4e-06
4 GTEx Testis 0.220 0.0820 5.3e-03 0.005 NA -0.001 NA 0.010 1.9e-01 NA 3.5e-01 NA 1.1e-01
5 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.243 0.0559 0.0e+00 0.392 0.377 0.402 NA 0.398 1.7e-43 1.8e-41 5.8e-45 NA 2.3e-44
6 TCGA Thyroid Carcinoma 0.073 0.0300 7.3e-07 0.076 0.062 0.050 NA 0.080 7.1e-08 1.2e-06 1.2e-05 NA 3.0e-08

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 1.5 2.3 3.6 -0.7 -0.7 1.9 1.6 -1.8 1.9
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 2.3 5.6 12.1 -0.4 -0.6 3.0 3.5 -2.5 2.4
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 0.4 0.8 3.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.3 -1.9 0.4 -0.2
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.0 0.3 -0.5 0.5 -0.4
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 3.2 9.8 17.7 1.1 1.6 -3.2 -3.6 3.8 -4.2
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.9 2.2 6.7 -1.5 -1.8 -0.6 -2.6 0.6 -0.5
Schizophrenia (2018) 1.7 3.6 10.2 0.1 -0.2 2.4 3.2 -1.7 1.6
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.7 0.3 -0.1 1.2 -0.7 0.5
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.7 1.4 3.2 -1.4 -1.8 0.2 -1.7 -0.2 0.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.4 -0.6 0.9 0.2 0.1 -0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 1.8 1.9 4.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 2.0 -2.0 1.7
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.4 0.6 2.6 -0.6 -0.7 0.2 1.6 -0.6 0.2
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.6 1.3 3.5 -1.1 -0.9 -0.5 -1.9 1.1 -1.0
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 1.4 3.3 10.6 -0.3 -0.0 -3.3 -1.7 1.2 -2.1
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 3.1 5.8 23.0 0.3 0.6 -4.8 -1.5 1.2 -2.7
Major Depression (MDD) 0.9 1.1 1.7 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.2 -1.2 1.2
Reaction Time 0.8 1.5 3.8 -1.2 -0.8 1.4 1.9 1.1 -0.4
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 1.9 4.6 7.7 1.3 1.6 -2.3 -2.1 2.5 -2.8
Breast Cancer 0.2 0.5 1.0 -0.1 0.5 0.7 0.4 -1.0 1.0
Ovarian Cancer 0.4 0.5 0.9 -1.0 -0.8 0.6 -0.8 0.6 -0.0
Prostate Cancer 1.8 2.5 3.6 -1.1 -0.8 -1.6 -1.9 1.9 -1.8
Age at First Birth 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.1
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.8 0.8 3.4 -0.6 -0.1 0.4 1.9 -0.9 0.5
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 1.1 1.6 4.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.3 0.5 2.1 -1.9
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1.0 1.2 3.6 -0.4 -0.8 -0.1 -1.9 1.3 -1.1
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.1 1.8 4.0 0.1 0.8 0.1 -1.8 2.0 -1.7
Mean Putamen Volume 2.4 2.7 5.2 -1.7 -2.3 2.2 -0.9 -0.8 1.5
Fasting Glucose 0.6 0.7 1.8 1.3 1.3 -0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.0
HbA1C 0.9 1.0 1.9 -0.8 -1.4 0.5 1.2 -0.6 1.2
HDL Cholesterol 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 -0.7 -0.4 0.1
LDL Cholesterol 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 0.2
Lupus 2.2 3.4 8.2 -0.3 -0.3 2.9 0.9 -2.1 2.5
Neuroticism (2016) 1.3 1.9 5.8 0.4 0.4 -0.5 -2.4 1.8 -1.2
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 2.6 3.7 8.6 -0.4 -0.6 1.8 -1.3 -2.8 2.9
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.3 0.4 1.2 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.5 -0.5 0.1
Schizophrenia (2014) 1.7 3.8 8.8 -0.6 -0.9 2.1 3.0 -2.2 1.9
Triglycerides 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.2 1.4 4.8 0.2 -0.0 -1.0 -1.0 2.2 -1.3
Ulcerative Colitis 3.1 4.5 17.6 0.5 0.7 -4.2 -1.0 1.1 -2.6
Blood Eosinophil Count 1.5 11.5 23.6 -3.6 -3.5 4.9 1.9 -2.2 3.4
Blood Platelet Count 0.2 2.4 4.8 0.6 2.0 -0.8 -0.7 2.2 -2.1
Blood Red Count 0.1 1.2 5.4 -0.3 0.0 -2.3 1.3 0.1 -0.5
Blood White Count 0.2 1.5 4.6 -1.6 -1.1 1.0 2.1 -0.2 -0.1
Heel T-Score 0.1 1.1 2.8 0.9 0.4 -1.7 -0.3 1.3 -1.1
BMI 0.7 4.3 11.8 1.8 1.8 0.2 3.4 2.1 -1.8
Height 0.9 17.4 46.5 -0.3 -1.0 2.7 3.0 -6.8 6.4
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 1.0 4.7 13.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.7 -3.7 2.7
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.4 2.0 7.1 -0.5 -1.1 1.1 -2.7 -0.9 1.3
Smoking Status 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 0.4 0.1 -0.4
Allergy or Eczema 1.3 3.4 6.7 -1.5 -2.0 -1.0 -1.0 2.6 -2.4
Cardiovascular Disease 0.5 1.7 3.0 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.3 -1.3 1.4
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.8 4.2 11.7 1.8 1.8 3.4 2.5 -0.4 0.8
Respiratory disease 2.2 4.9 10.3 -3.1 -3.2 -0.6 -1.0 2.0 -1.9
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.2 0.4 1.5 -0.2 -0.2 -1.2 -0.0 0.5 -0.7
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 1.3 6.6 12.4 2.4 1.9 -2.2 -1.3 3.5 -3.3
Lung FVC 0.8 4.3 8.4 0.3 0.2 2.4 2.1 -2.6 2.9
Neuroticism 0.5 1.2 4.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8 -2.1 0.9 -0.8
Chronotype (morning person) 1.7 3.9 7.3 -2.1 -2.0 -1.2 -2.7 1.6 -1.8
Hair Pigment 0.1 3.8 6.6 -2.2 -2.5 -2.6 0.7 0.9 -2.0
Tanning 0.2 1.9 3.9 0.5 0.9 1.8 2.0 -1.1 1.5
Hand grip strength (left) 1.2 3.1 7.5 0.6 0.8 -1.5 1.4 2.4 -2.7
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.3 0.5 1.7 -0.3 -0.3 1.3 0.1 0.8 -0.4
Average weekly spirits intake 1.6 1.9 5.7 -1.0 -0.7 1.7 2.4 -0.9 1.0
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.6 0.9 2.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -1.5 1.6 -0.9
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.9 1.2 2.9 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -1.0 1.7 -1.6
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.6 -0.9 0.4 -0.0 -0.2
Relative age of first facial hair 0.3 0.5 1.9 0.5 0.8 1.4 0.6 -0.1 0.3
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 1.0 1.3 2.8 -1.6 -1.7 0.4 -0.9 0.7 -1.0
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.2 1.5 7.3 -0.5 -0.9 -0.5 -2.7 0.3 -0.6
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.7 0.8 1.8 0.3 0.1 1.2 -0.1 -1.2 1.4
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.4 1.2 3.1 -1.4 -1.8 0.4 -1.1 -0.5 0.6
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 1.1 1.3 3.5 1.8 1.9 0.8 -0.5 0.2 0.2
Angina 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.6 -0.5 0.5
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.0 -0.1 0.3 1.2 -1.1
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.0 -0.4 0.1 0.9 -0.4 0.6
Supplements: Zinc 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 -0.7 0.8
Medication: Co-codamol 1.4 1.6 4.1 -2.0 -1.8 1.0 0.5 -0.5 0.9
Medication: Metformin 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.3 -1.2 0.6 1.1 -1.2
Diabetes (father) 0.3 0.3 0.5 -0.7 -0.6 0.7 0.1 -0.6 0.5
Diabetes (mother) 1.9 2.4 6.7 2.2 1.6 0.8 2.6 0.3 -0.2
Severe depression (siblings) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 -0.4 0.5
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.7 1.1 2.3 -1.5 -1.5 0.6 1.3 -0.0 0.4
Impedance of leg (right) 0.1 0.4 1.1 -0.8 -0.7 0.4 -1.0 -0.3 0.5
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.5 2.6 9.1 0.7 0.5 1.1 3.0 -1.5 1.5
Trunk fat percentage 0.5 2.2 7.8 1.4 0.8 1.2 2.8 -0.7 0.9
Hand grip strength (right) 1.4 3.9 8.4 -0.2 0.2 -2.3 1.9 2.3 -2.9
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 1.3 1.8 3.9 2.0 1.8 0.4 1.8 -0.3 0.0
Current tobacco smoking 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 1.2 -0.5 0.4
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.9 -0.3 -1.0 1.0
Maternal smoking around birth 0.3 0.4 1.1 -1.0 -0.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.1 -0.5
Fed-up feelings 0.2 0.4 1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.3 -0.3
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.1 -0.8 0.7 -0.6
Relative age voice broke 0.6 0.9 1.7 0.2 1.0 0.9 -1.3 -1.1 0.9
Taking other prescription medications 1.1 1.7 3.6 -1.1 -1.3 1.9 1.6 -0.7 0.7
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.8 2.0 5.4 -2.2 -2.3 0.3 1.2 -0.0 -0.1
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.5 0.5 1.8 -0.4 -0.6 1.4 -0.6 -0.3 0.6
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 1.4 3.2 6.3 2.5 2.2 -0.8 1.6 1.5 -1.5
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.5 -0.9 -0.3 0.6
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 1.3 1.7 3.9 0.6 0.1 1.6 0.7 -1.7 2.0
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.8 1.0 3.3 -0.0 -0.2 0.6 -0.4 1.8 -1.4
High blood pressure 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 -0.2 0.6 -0.4
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.9 2.0 3.6 -1.2 -1.7 -0.8 -0.6 1.9 -1.8
Multivitamins +/- minerals 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.4 -0.7 0.3 -0.1
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 1.8 2.2 5.9 1.1 0.7 2.4 1.7 -0.9 1.4
Supplements: Glucosamine 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.1 -0.1 0.7 -1.1 1.1 -0.3
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.4 -1.2 -0.9 0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.2
Medication: Atenolol 0.9 1.1 2.6 0.7 0.4 1.1 -0.1 -1.5 1.6
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.7 2.9 6.7 0.9 0.9 2.6 2.5 -1.2 1.3
Sitting height 0.1 0.7 1.3 -0.6 -1.0 0.9 0.7 1.1 -0.5
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 2.2 2.6 4.9 -0.5 -0.0 1.6 2.2 -1.8 2.1
High blood pressure (mother) 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.6 -0.8 0.2 -0.9 0.1 0.2
Body mass index (BMI) 0.6 2.7 8.8 1.6 1.5 0.1 3.0 1.2 -1.0
Impedance of leg (left) 0.1 0.6 2.3 -0.5 -0.6 0.4 -1.5 -0.6 0.7
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.5 2.6 9.1 0.7 0.5 1.0 3.0 -1.6 1.5
Trunk fat mass 0.7 2.9 10.9 1.5 0.9 1.3 3.3 -1.0 1.1
Waist circumference 0.6 2.3 6.1 1.9 1.8 0.5 2.5 -0.8 0.6
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.8 1.4 3.2 1.3 1.8 0.3 0.9 -1.3 1.0
Past tobacco smoking 0.6 1.1 3.2 0.3 0.1 1.8 0.3 -0.9 1.5
Alcohol usually taken with meals 1.1 1.7 8.6 0.4 0.4 -1.1 -2.9 -0.2 0.1
Nervous feelings 0.7 1.3 4.1 -1.1 -1.6 0.2 -2.0 0.2 -0.0
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.6 0.9 2.8 -0.1 -0.4 1.7 -1.4 -0.0 0.6
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.0 0.2
Had menopause 0.8 0.9 2.0 0.4 0.9 -1.4 -1.4 0.4 -0.8
Had other major operations 0.9 1.1 3.0 -0.1 0.1 1.7 -1.6 -0.8 0.6
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.8 2.9 6.9 -0.8 -0.7 1.6 0.5 -2.6 2.6
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.6 1.3 1.8 1.1 0.7 -1.4 1.2 1.0 -1.3
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.5 0.6 1.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.8 -0.4 1.1 -1.0
Qualifications: None of the above 0.9 2.0 5.3 -1.5 -1.2 -1.4 2.3 -1.0 0.3
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.9 1.2 2.2 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.1 -1.5 1.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems 1.4 2.1 6.4 2.2 2.5 0.4 -0.8 0.4 -0.0
Heart attack 0.8 1.0 2.4 -0.8 -1.3 1.0 1.5 0.6 -0.4
Allergy 1.1 2.6 5.2 1.3 1.6 1.1 0.6 -2.1 2.3
Pain all over the body in last month 2.9 3.1 9.5 -3.1 -2.9 0.1 0.7 0.0 -0.2
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.3
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.6 0.9 3.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 1.8 -1.3
Medication: Ramipril 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.1 -0.9 0.6 -0.6
Medication: Simvastatin 0.8 1.2 2.4 1.2 1.4 -0.3 1.5 -0.9 0.3
Fluid intelligence score 2.3 4.8 8.8 1.0 1.0 -2.2 -2.3 2.8 -3.0
Illnesses of siblings 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.3
Neuroticism score 0.6 1.2 5.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -2.3 1.0 -0.8
Weight 0.5 2.3 10.1 1.3 1.0 0.6 3.2 -0.5 0.5
Impedance of arm (right) 0.5 2.2 5.2 -0.8 -0.9 1.2 -2.3 -1.3 1.8
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.6 2.4 9.1 1.5 1.3 0.9 3.0 0.6 -0.3
Trunk fat-free mass 0.5 2.6 10.1 1.2 1.2 0.6 3.2 -1.2 1.0
Hip circumference 0.3 1.5 3.0 1.7 1.7 -0.1 1.4 0.9 -0.6
Time employed in main current job 0.8 0.9 1.9 -0.3 -0.6 -1.2 0.1 1.4 -1.3
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 0.3 0.4 1.7 -0.7 -0.4 0.5 1.3 -0.1 0.1
Father’s age at death 1.8 2.4 5.3 1.6 0.8 -2.3 -1.8 0.5 -1.4
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 -0.0
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.6 1.0 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 -0.4 0.3 0.1
Falls in the last year 1.6 2.2 3.5 -1.2 -1.2 1.5 1.2 -1.8 1.9
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 3.2 4.7 13.0 0.1 0.6 -1.9 0.7 3.3 -3.6
Number of live births 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.1 0.1 1.0 1.0 -0.5 0.9
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.3 0.9 1.6 -0.8 -0.6 1.2 0.1 -1.0 1.3
Pulse rate 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.4 -0.3 0.4 0.1 1.2 -1.0
Happiness 0.8 1.0 3.0 1.7 1.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1
Noisy workplace 1.6 1.9 6.5 -0.4 -0.5 1.0 2.6 -1.4 1.3
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.2 0.4 1.7 0.4 0.3 1.3 -0.2 0.1 0.4
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 0.8 0.9 2.0 0.4 0.7 -0.4 -1.2 1.4 -1.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 1.2 2.0 3.9 -1.4 -1.0 -1.0 2.0 1.4 -1.5
Asthma 1.6 3.2 4.9 -2.2 -2.2 -0.8 -0.8 2.0 -2.0
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.8 -0.1 0.8 -0.1
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.7 1.1 3.7 1.9 1.3 -0.9 0.4 0.1 -0.5
Depression (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 -0.3 0.2 0.2
Medication: Lansoprazole 1.1 1.2 2.2 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.5 -0.2 1.0
Prospective memory result 2.4 2.9 7.6 -0.4 -0.4 2.8 0.6 -1.9 2.4
Lung cancer (father) 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.3 -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 0.1
Illnesses of mother 0.4 0.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.5 -0.4 0.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.2 0.7 1.4 -0.5 -0.2 1.0 -0.3 -1.0 1.2
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 1.4 1.6 4.7 -1.1 -1.2 -0.8 0.2 -2.2 1.2
Impedance of arm (left) 0.7 3.2 4.6 -1.6 -1.8 1.1 -2.1 -1.8 2.1
Arm fat mass (right) 0.7 2.8 11.6 1.6 1.3 1.0 3.4 -0.1 0.3
Trunk predicted mass 0.4 2.6 9.5 1.2 1.2 0.7 3.1 -1.3 1.0
Standing height 0.5 5.0 14.7 -0.3 -0.7 1.3 1.1 -3.8 3.4
Length of working week for main job 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.3
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 2.7 3.1 7.8 -2.8 -2.7 0.5 1.7 0.6 -0.1
Breastfed as a baby 1.6 2.0 4.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.6 -1.8 2.0 -1.7
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.6 1.0 3.7 0.3 -0.1 -0.7 -1.9 1.1 -0.9
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.5
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.4 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.0 -0.8 -1.0 1.1 -1.3
Birth weight of first child 0.3 0.5 1.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -1.0 -1.1 0.7
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.4 0.9 2.7 -1.1 -0.7 -0.6 -1.6 0.5 -0.7
Pulse wave reflection index 2.4 2.9 6.3 -1.3 -0.9 0.4 2.2 -2.5 1.9
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 1.6 1.9 4.2 -1.8 -1.7 -0.6 -2.0 -0.5 0.4
Loud music exposure frequency 0.6 0.6 1.4 -1.0 -1.2 -0.9 -0.6 -0.1 0.1
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.9 1.4 4.2 1.2 1.3 2.0 -0.5 0.7 0.5
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 1.4 1.8 2.6 -1.6 -1.6 0.5 -0.5 -1.6 1.5
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 1.0 1.3 3.2 -0.6 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8 1.6 -1.8
Medication: Paracetamol 1.8 3.1 8.7 -1.2 -0.8 3.0 1.4 -1.3 2.0
Headache pain in last month 0.9 1.6 2.8 -1.6 -1.7 1.2 1.5 -0.3 0.7
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.9 -1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Glaucoma (self-reported) 1.4 1.6 5.0 -1.5 -1.2 -0.6 2.2 0.6 -0.6
Gout (self-reported) 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.5 -0.4
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 2.4 4.6 13.0 1.1 1.1 3.6 2.6 -1.4 1.9
Medication: Amlodipine 0.5 0.7 2.0 1.4 1.2 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.1
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 1.8 2.2 4.2 -2.0 -2.0 -0.9 -1.0 1.2 -1.4
Birth weight 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.3 -0.5 0.3
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.4 0.5 1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.4
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.4 0.6 1.6 -0.0 0.1 0.2 1.1 -1.3 0.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.6 2.1 4.9 -0.7 -0.3 1.6 0.3 -2.2 2.2
Body fat percentage 0.5 2.1 8.4 1.5 1.0 1.1 2.9 0.0 0.3
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.7 2.4 9.3 1.2 1.0 0.6 3.1 1.2 -0.9
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.6 2.9 10.3 1.3 1.1 0.5 3.2 -1.6 1.2
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.7 0.8
Comparative body size at age 10 2.7 7.4 10.7 3.1 3.3 -2.6 -0.8 2.6 -3.1
Number of full brothers 1.5 1.9 4.5 -1.8 -2.1 -1.0 -0.1 1.1 -1.1
Worry too long after embarrassment 1.3 2.2 7.0 -0.6 -0.6 -1.9 -2.7 0.9 -1.0
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.0 1.3 2.9 -1.7 -1.7 -0.1 -0.2 -1.1 1.0
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.3 0.5 2.0 -0.5 -0.4 -1.4 -0.0 0.2 -0.9
Number of children fathered 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.2 -0.0 -0.6 -1.2 1.1 -0.9
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.9 1.1 2.0 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.4 -1.4 1.0
Age at first live birth 1.1 2.0 4.3 2.1 1.9 -0.8 -1.6 0.5 -0.7
Pulse wave peak to peak time 1.2 1.4 3.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 -0.1 2.0 -1.0
Health satisfaction 2.5 3.2 5.5 0.7 0.5 1.9 2.4 -2.1 2.2
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.8 1.1
Qualifications: College or University degree 1.2 3.8 7.7 0.9 0.9 -1.1 -2.8 2.4 -2.5
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.4 0.8 -1.0 -1.3 0.0 -0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.9 1.0 2.8 -0.0 -0.3 1.0 0.5 -1.7 1.4
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2 -0.8 0.5
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.3 0.6 2.0 0.1 0.2 -1.1 -1.4 0.0 -0.3
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.9 -0.5
Medication: Blood pressure 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 -0.4 0.4 -0.2
Angina (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 0.7 -0.4 0.5
Migraine (self-reported) 1.0 1.2 2.6 -1.2 -1.3 0.8 1.6 0.9 -0.2
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 -0.2
Medication: Allopurinol 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.2 -1.0
Medication: Omeprazole 0.7 0.8 2.2 -1.2 -1.5 0.6 0.9 0.3 -0.3
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 1.5 1.7 3.6 -0.5 -0.8 -1.5 -0.7 1.7 -1.9
Mean time to correctly identify matches 1.2 2.2 4.3 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 1.4 2.1 -1.9
Heart disease (mother) 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.5 0.9 -0.7 -0.4 1.2 -1.1
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.0 1.2 3.0 -0.7 -0.8 -0.4 0.4 1.7 -1.7
Whole body fat mass 0.8 3.2 11.2 1.6 1.2 1.5 3.4 -0.6 0.9
Leg fat mass (right) 0.7 2.5 11.6 1.2 0.9 1.2 3.4 0.1 0.3
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.6 2.9 8.8 1.3 1.0 0.2 3.0 -2.0 1.3
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.3 0.9 2.5 -0.4 -0.5 1.6 -0.1 1.4 -0.8
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.3 0.7 2.3 -0.2 -0.2 1.5 0.9 1.1 -0.1
Comparative height size at age 10 0.3 1.4 5.2 0.3 -0.0 -0.0 0.2 -2.3 1.7
Number of full sisters 0.3 0.4 1.9 -0.2 -0.1 -1.4 -0.5 0.1 -0.6
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 1.6 2.5 10.2 -1.2 -1.8 -0.5 -3.2 -0.1 0.3
Overall health rating 0.4 0.9 3.1 0.2 -0.4 1.4 1.8 -0.2 0.4
Chest pain or discomfort 1.1 1.6 6.8 0.1 0.4 -0.7 -2.6 1.0 -1.2
Had major operations 1.0 1.2 3.0 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.7 0.2 0.1
Age at last live birth 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.4 -1.0 -1.2 0.8 -0.8
Family relationship satisfaction 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.2 -0.1 -1.0 -0.3 1.2 -1.2
Leg pain on walking 1.2 1.4 2.9 0.3 -0.2 1.7 0.9 -1.5 1.6
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.9 1.1 1.8 -1.3 -1.1 0.7 -1.3 -0.6 1.2
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 -0.4 0.5 0.5 -0.1
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 1.4 1.7 2.9 -0.5 -1.1 0.6 1.7 -1.7 1.7
Medication: Aspirin 1.4 1.8 3.8 1.9 1.9 -1.1 0.3 0.9 -1.2
Supplements: Vitamin C 2.0 2.4 4.0 -2.0 -1.9 -1.3 -0.7 1.4 -1.7
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.4 -0.2 1.2 -0.2 0.0 0.6
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.0 0.3 -0.1
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.8 -0.5 0.2 1.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.8 1.1 2.1 -1.4 -1.0 0.4 -1.5 0.8 -0.6
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.4 0.2 0.9 -0.9
Smoking status: Previous 0.9 1.4 3.5 -0.8 -0.7 -1.9 -0.5 1.0 -1.6
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.7 1.5 5.3 -0.4 -0.7 -0.4 0.5 -2.3 1.6
Whole body fat-free mass 0.5 3.0 10.6 1.1 1.0 0.8 3.3 -1.6 1.3
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.4 2.4 6.2 0.7 0.4 1.0 2.5 -1.9 1.7
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.5 2.1 9.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 3.1 0.2 0.2
Average weekly red wine intake 0.8 1.2 3.3 1.8 1.3 -1.0 -0.7 0.4 -0.5
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 1.8 2.1 4.5 1.6 1.8 -0.2 -2.1 1.1 -1.2
Mood swings 0.9 1.6 4.5 2.0 2.1 0.7 -0.5 0.1 0.3
Loneliness, isolation 2.2 3.1 12.2 -1.2 -0.7 0.5 -3.5 1.8 -1.0
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.5 0.8 2.5 -1.6 -1.0 0.4 -0.4 0.6 -0.6
Ever had bowel cancer screening 1.7 2.0 7.3 -0.1 -0.4 -1.3 -2.7 -1.6 0.4
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.1 -0.0 -1.0 -0.0 0.9 -0.9
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.5 0.5 2.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.3 -1.6 0.4 -0.2
Friendships satisfaction 1.3 1.6 3.3 -1.6 -1.1 -1.8 0.2 0.7 -1.3
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.8 1.3 4.7 0.9 0.8 0.2 -2.2 0.9 -0.7
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 -0.7 -0.2 0.2
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.6 1.8 5.4 -2.3 -1.8 1.1 0.4 -0.6 0.7
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.6 1.0 1.4 -1.2 -1.1 0.8 0.8 -1.0 1.0
Medication for cholesterol 0.8 1.2 1.7 -0.9 -1.3 -1.2 -1.3 1.1 -0.8
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 1.3 1.6 4.8 0.8 0.5 2.2 0.9 -1.0 1.4
Back pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.9 -0.6
Mineral and other dietary supplements 0.7 1.0 4.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 2.2 -0.8 0.5
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 -0.0 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.3
Asthma (self-reported) 1.7 3.3 5.1 -2.1 -2.2 -0.6 -1.0 2.3 -2.1
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 2.4 0.3 0.2 -0.3 -1.3 1.6 -1.5
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 -0.3
Medication: Aspirin 0.8 1.1 2.6 1.5 1.6 -1.0 0.2 0.4 -0.7
Medication: Gliclazide 1.7 1.9 5.0 0.6 0.7 -1.3 -0.4 2.2 -2.0
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 1.9 2.3 5.7 1.1 1.0 -1.8 -2.4 1.1 -1.2
Smoking status: Current 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.5 1.1 0.4 1.2 -0.6 0.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.2 0.4 1.1 -1.0 -1.0 0.4 -0.4 0.4 -0.2
Whole body water mass 0.5 3.1 10.8 1.2 1.1 0.7 3.3 -1.7 1.4
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.4 2.4 6.4 0.8 0.4 0.9 2.5 -1.9 1.7
Arm fat mass (left) 0.7 2.8 12.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 3.5 -0.4 0.6
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.6 1.0 2.1 -1.1 -1.0 1.5 1.2 -0.2 0.5
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 2.2 3.0 9.4 2.7 3.1 0.7 -0.8 0.3 0.1
Miserableness 0.3 0.5 2.7 0.2 0.5 -0.1 -1.6 -0.1 0.2
Guilty feelings 1.1 1.7 5.3 -0.3 -0.3 -1.2 -2.3 1.3 -1.2
Wears glasses or contact lenses 1.4 1.6 2.6 0.9 0.6 -1.3 -1.6 1.5 -1.3
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.5 0.6 1.1 -1.0 -0.4 -0.6 0.3 1.0 -1.0
Hearing aid user 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.3 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 0.9
Mother’s age at death 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.4
Financial situation satisfaction 0.4 0.4 2.1 -0.2 -0.0 -0.4 1.5 0.5 -0.4
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 1.0 1.2 3.4 -1.0 -1.1 1.8 0.9 -0.2 0.6
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.9 1.0 2.6 -0.6 0.2 -0.7 1.6 1.2 -1.1
Medication: Blood pressure 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.1
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.4 0.8 -0.6 1.0 -0.5
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 0.6 0.8 2.4 -1.0 -0.6 -0.3 -1.5 0.6 -0.5
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 1.9 3.4 7.1 1.5 1.6 0.4 2.0 -2.7 2.0
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.8 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 0.9 -1.1
Medication: Paracetamol 1.0 1.5 4.1 -1.7 -1.1 2.0 0.6 0.0 0.6
Medication: Lisinopril 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.2
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.4 0.2 -0.8 0.4
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 1.6 1.9 3.5 -0.4 -0.6 1.9 1.6 -1.6 1.6
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.6 0.7 2.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 -0.1 1.5 -0.8
Ever smoked 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.8 -1.0 -0.9 0.7 -1.1
Basal metabolic rate 0.6 3.1 11.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 3.4 -1.4 1.2
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.6 2.1 7.1 1.4 1.2 0.6 2.7 1.1 -0.8
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.6 3.1 10.4 1.8 1.7 0.3 3.2 -1.2 0.8
Number of operations (self-reported) 1.3 2.0 4.7 0.7 1.0 2.2 -2.0 -0.9 1.0
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.8 -0.3 0.5
Irritability 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -0.1 0.2
Risk taking 1.1 1.6 2.8 0.6 0.6 1.7 -1.2 -1.4 1.6
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 1.1 1.3 2.3 -1.3 -1.5 -0.0 -0.3 1.5 -1.2
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.2 0.3 0.9 -1.0 -0.5 0.6 -0.2 0.5 -0.2
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.6 0.8 1.7 -0.9 -1.3 -0.6 -1.3 -0.2 0.1
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.4 1.3 2.4 -1.2 -1.2 1.6 0.4 -0.9 1.2
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.7 -0.0 -1.0 -0.0 0.8 -1.0
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 1.7 2.2 5.4 -2.3 -1.8 1.0 1.9 0.0 -0.1
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 1.1 1.4 4.5 2.1 1.9 0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.2
Myopia 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.3 -0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.9 0.7
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.0 -0.5 0.3
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.9 1.4 3.1 0.4 1.2 1.0 1.8 -1.2 0.9
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.7 -1.0 0.3 0.9 0.2 -0.2
Pain experienced in last month 0.7 1.2 3.5 -0.5 -0.3 -1.9 -1.5 0.5 -1.0
Supplements: Calcium 2.0 2.2 5.2 -0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -1.7 2.3 -2.2
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 1.9 2.2 4.9 2.1 2.2 1.0 0.1 -1.1 1.2
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 2.3 -1.0 -1.4 1.0 1.5 0.5 -0.3
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 1.0 1.3 3.4 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 1.7 -1.8
Heart disease (siblings) 0.5 0.6 2.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.5 1.4 -1.1
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6
Pack years of smoking 0.6 0.9 2.2 -1.5 -1.5 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.3
Impedance of whole body 0.5 2.3 4.6 -1.1 -1.4 1.0 -2.1 -1.5 1.8
Leg fat mass (left) 0.6 2.5 10.4 1.4 1.0 1.2 3.2 -0.1 0.4
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.6 3.1 10.4 1.7 1.8 0.3 3.2 -1.3 0.8