Hub : Genes

YPEL4

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Lung 0.0501 0.0215 8.1e-04 0.055 NA 0.020 NA 0.053 4.7e-05 NA 1.0e-02 NA 6.7e-05
2 GTEx Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic 0.1300 0.0620 1.0e-03 0.052 NA 0.014 NA 0.051 7.5e-04 NA 5.5e-02 NA 9.0e-04
3 GTEx Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg 0.0860 0.0270 1.9e-07 0.065 NA 0.061 NA 0.067 4.4e-06 NA 8.1e-06 NA 3.2e-06
4 METSIM Adipose 0.0404 0.0188 5.8e-04 0.025 0.017 0.036 0.024 0.035 8.5e-05 1.2e-03 3.5e-06 0.00015 4.1e-06
5 TCGA Breast Invasive Carcinoma 0.0239 0.0126 1.0e-05 0.032 0.023 0.023 NA 0.025 2.5e-07 1.0e-05 1.5e-05 NA 5.4e-06
6 TCGA Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 0.0408 0.0213 2.3e-05 0.048 0.040 0.036 NA 0.038 4.3e-06 2.6e-05 5.4e-05 NA 3.6e-05
7 TCGA Prostate Adenocarcinoma 0.0353 0.0205 2.1e-03 0.034 0.022 0.021 NA 0.026 1.5e-04 2.2e-03 2.5e-03 NA 8.0e-04

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.6 1.0 1.8 -1.1 -0.6 -1.1 -0.7 -1.3 -0.6 -1.3
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 1.3 3.2 6.9 1.6 1.3 1.2 0.5 1.7 2.6 -2.6
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 2.0 4.2 8.1 2.2 0.5 2.3 0.8 1.9 2.8 -2.5
Depression (Nagel 2018) 6.9 10.3 17.5 3.5 2.5 3.8 1.7 3.5 4.2 -2.7
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 2.4 7.5 15.0 -2.6 -2.5 -2.5 -1.4 -2.9 -3.9 2.9
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 5.4 12.7 23.2 4.0 1.7 4.1 1.9 3.8 4.8 -3.5
Schizophrenia (2018) 3.5 7.4 14.9 2.9 2.2 2.5 1.1 3.3 3.9 -2.3
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 10.6 14.0 21.0 4.0 4.1 4.6 2.9 4.3 4.1 0.8
Worry (Nagel 2018) 2.0 4.1 8.4 2.3 0.4 2.1 1.2 2.2 2.9 -2.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.3 0.3 2.1 0.2 1.5 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.1 -0.9
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 1.0 1.4 4.8 0.9 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.5 -0.6
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.7
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.2 0.4 1.6 -0.1 -1.3 -0.8 0.1 -0.6 -0.2 0.3
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.1 -1.2 -0.4 0.3 -0.3 0.3 -0.2
Major Depression (MDD) 11.2 13.6 21.6 4.7 2.9 3.7 3.5 4.2 4.6 -0.6
Reaction Time 1.2 2.4 3.6 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.8 -0.7
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 2.5 6.0 10.9 -2.1 -2.9 -2.3 -1.0 -2.4 -3.3 2.5
Breast Cancer 3.2 7.6 12.3 -3.3 -2.2 -2.9 -2.3 -3.5 -3.4 -0.0
Ovarian Cancer 0.3 0.4 0.7 -0.8 0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.8 0.7
Prostate Cancer 1.7 2.3 4.9 -1.6 -1.7 -1.2 -0.9 -1.4 -2.2 1.2
Age at First Birth 0.6 0.9 2.7 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -1.5 -0.9 -0.3 -1.6
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.4 0.4 2.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.0 -0.5 -0.1 0.4 -1.4
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.5 0.7 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.2 -1.0
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 4.8 5.7 10.8 2.6 1.1 1.6 3.3 2.4 2.1 2.9
Crohns Disease (2012) 0.4 0.7 1.1 -0.6 -0.8 -1.1 -0.4 -0.7 -1.0 1.1
Mean Putamen Volume 0.6 0.7 1.3 -0.9 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -1.1 0.9
Fasting Glucose 1.2 1.4 2.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.0 -1.2
HbA1C 0.7 0.8 1.7 -0.6 -1.3 -1.2 -0.5 -1.0 -0.9 -0.5
HDL Cholesterol 0.4 0.7 3.8 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.9 0.5 0.3 -2.0
LDL Cholesterol 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.4 1.2
Lupus 1.3 1.9 3.4 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.5
Neuroticism (2016) 1.8 2.5 4.5 1.8 -0.4 1.5 0.6 1.9 2.1 -1.9
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 3.3 4.7 7.2 2.2 1.7 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.2 1.1
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.8 -0.3 0.6 0.2 0.9 0.2
Schizophrenia (2014) 4.1 9.2 18.4 3.3 2.6 2.7 1.5 3.5 4.3 -2.4
Triglycerides 2.8 4.6 7.6 2.4 2.2 1.5 2.8 1.8 2.0 2.1
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3
Ulcerative Colitis 1.3 1.9 2.7 -1.3 -1.7 -1.6 -1.2 -1.6 -1.4 0.0
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.8 6.5 11.7 2.0 2.8 2.0 1.5 2.4 3.2 -3.4
Blood Platelet Count 3.8 43.5 83.2 6.4 5.3 6.1 5.0 6.5 9.1 -6.9
Blood Red Count 0.7 6.9 23.9 2.1 1.6 1.3 0.0 2.0 3.4 -4.9
Blood White Count 0.1 0.5 3.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 -1.8
Heel T-Score 3.2 25.3 35.4 5.5 5.9 4.8 4.8 5.4 6.0 -0.6
BMI 0.4 2.1 5.2 1.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.6 2.3 -1.1
Height 2.9 56.6 73.1 -7.8 -7.4 -8.6 -7.7 -8.5 -7.4 -4.4
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 1.0 4.5 7.7 -1.7 -2.8 -1.7 -2.5 -1.6 -1.5 -2.6
Systolic Blood Pressure 2.7 13.7 46.4 -2.4 -4.0 -2.2 0.0 -2.1 -4.3 6.8
Smoking Status 0.8 1.8 3.4 1.4 0.1 0.8 0.7 1.7 1.9 -1.8
Allergy or Eczema 0.1 0.4 0.7 -0.4 -0.2 0.8 -0.8 0.4 -0.3 -0.9
Cardiovascular Disease 0.9 2.9 5.1 1.8 -0.4 1.1 2.0 2.3 1.5 2.0
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.4 3.2 8.7 1.4 1.8 1.4 2.2 1.0 0.9 3.0
Respiratory disease 0.6 1.3 7.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.8 -1.1 -0.2 0.1 -2.7
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 -0.7 -0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.9
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 4.9 25.0 40.9 -5.3 -3.3 -6.2 -4.7 -5.7 -6.4 1.6
Lung FVC 0.3 1.7 3.8 1.4 1.2 0.5 2.0 0.6 0.9 1.8
Neuroticism 5.7 13.7 23.5 4.0 2.0 4.2 1.6 4.2 4.8 -3.8
Chronotype (morning person) 4.8 11.1 20.0 -3.5 -3.0 -4.5 -2.3 -4.0 -3.8 0.7
Hair Pigment 0.0 1.3 3.1 1.3 0.3 -0.1 1.8 1.4 0.4 1.4
Tanning 0.3 3.3 5.3 -2.3 -1.1 -1.6 -1.8 -2.3 -2.2 0.8
Hand grip strength (left) 3.5 9.2 14.0 -3.4 -3.0 -3.7 -2.7 -3.6 -3.2 0.2
Number of treatments/medications taken 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 -0.8 -0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.5 -0.7
Average weekly spirits intake 0.8 0.9 3.0 -0.6 1.0 0.6 -1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -1.7
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 3.1 5.3 9.9 2.2 1.6 2.7 0.6 2.1 2.8 -3.1
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 7.9 11.0 19.3 3.7 2.0 3.9 2.4 4.0 4.4 -1.8
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 1.6 2.5 5.3 1.5 0.9 1.6 0.5 1.9 2.3 -1.6
Relative age of first facial hair 0.3 0.5 1.4 0.3 -0.9 -1.0 0.5 -0.5 -0.3 1.2
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 1.2 1.5 2.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.4
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 3.5 4.4 6.7 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.6 2.0 1.9 2.2
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 1.5 1.7 9.9 -0.1 -0.3 -0.0 0.7 -0.6 -1.0 3.1
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 1.9 5.5 20.3 -1.4 -2.7 -1.3 -0.0 -1.0 -2.5 4.5
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.4 0.4 0.7 -0.6 0.4 -0.6 -0.3 -0.9 -0.8 0.7
Angina 1.4 1.9 6.6 -0.6 -2.6 -1.1 0.1 -0.9 -1.1 1.7
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 -0.2 0.6 0.5 -0.0
Vitamin and mineral supplements 0.9 1.2 2.4 -1.3 -1.1 -1.6 -1.2 -0.9 -1.0 0.1
Supplements: Zinc 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.3 -0.6
Medication: Co-codamol 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.1 1.1 1.1 -1.2
Medication: Metformin 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 -0.3 0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.4 -0.0
Diabetes (father) 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.7 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3
Diabetes (mother) 0.6 0.8 1.9 -0.5 -1.4 -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.5 -0.6
Severe depression (siblings) 0.6 0.7 2.2 -0.3 -1.2 0.2 -0.9 -0.2 -0.4 -1.5
Pack years adult smoking proportion 3.1 4.8 9.8 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.2 2.2 3.1 -2.0
Impedance of leg (right) 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.6
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.7 3.5 5.9 -1.5 -1.9 -2.4 -1.9 -2.3 -1.6 -1.1
Trunk fat percentage 1.4 5.5 12.9 3.0 1.0 1.7 1.3 2.6 3.6 -2.0
Hand grip strength (right) 2.9 7.9 11.4 -2.9 -2.9 -3.4 -2.5 -3.3 -3.1 0.5
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 6.3 8.9 15.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.9 -0.8
Current tobacco smoking 1.8 3.0 7.2 1.9 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.9 2.7 -2.3
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.1 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1
Maternal smoking around birth 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.1
Fed-up feelings 6.0 10.9 20.2 3.8 2.6 3.6 2.4 3.8 4.5 -1.7
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 7.5 10.0 16.7 3.4 2.6 4.1 1.6 3.6 3.9 -2.0
Relative age voice broke 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.4 -0.1 1.1
Taking other prescription medications 0.2 0.4 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.7 -1.3
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.6 3.8 6.1 -1.9 -1.7 -1.4 -2.5 -1.9 -1.9 -2.2
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.0 1.1 2.9 -0.6 -1.5 -1.1 0.1 -0.8 -0.6 1.7
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.2 0.5 2.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 0.6 -1.5
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 1.1 1.1 2.4 -1.0 -0.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -0.5 -1.5
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 3.3 4.4 7.5 2.2 1.9 2.1 0.9 2.7 2.7 -1.5
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.6 0.8 2.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -1.0 -1.4 -0.9 -0.9
High blood pressure 0.4 1.1 2.0 1.0 -1.1 -0.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.2
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.5 1.0 1.9 -1.2 -0.8 -0.3 -1.4 -0.7 -1.3 -0.9
Multivitamins +/- minerals 1.2 1.5 2.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.3
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 -0.7
Supplements: Glucosamine 1.8 2.3 4.2 -2.0 -0.9 -1.4 -1.5 -1.9 -1.8 -0.5
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.6 0.7 1.4 -0.6 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.1 -0.0 -1.2
Medication: Atenolol 0.7 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.3
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.2 2.1 4.8 1.4 0.8 1.2 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.2
Sitting height 2.6 18.2 27.4 -4.7 -4.1 -5.1 -2.6 -5.2 -5.2 1.4
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 2.0 2.4 5.0 -1.3 -1.4 -1.5 -1.9 -1.4 -0.6 -2.2
High blood pressure (mother) 0.9 1.3 2.4 -1.1 -1.5 -1.2 -0.4 -1.3 -1.3 0.9
Body mass index (BMI) 0.5 1.9 4.3 2.1 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 0.0
Impedance of leg (left) 0.0 0.2 1.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 -1.0
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.6 3.3 5.8 -1.5 -1.8 -2.4 -1.9 -2.2 -1.6 -1.0
Trunk fat mass 0.4 1.8 4.7 1.8 -0.1 0.4 0.4 1.1 2.2 -1.8
Waist circumference 0.4 1.5 3.8 -0.2 -2.0 -1.5 -1.2 -0.7 -0.0 -1.6
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.4 -0.2
Past tobacco smoking 0.3 0.6 0.9 -1.0 -0.2 -0.8 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -0.3
Alcohol usually taken with meals 7.8 12.7 20.2 -3.8 -2.5 -4.3 -1.9 -4.4 -4.5 2.7
Nervous feelings 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.6 -0.4 1.2 0.1 0.9 0.6 -0.4
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 1.9 2.9 6.1 1.7 0.7 2.0 0.9 1.7 2.5 -1.7
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 1.7 2.7 4.6 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.8 2.1 0.6
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 7.3 9.3 12.4 -3.3 -3.5 -3.5 -2.8 -3.4 -3.0 -1.1
Had menopause 1.3 1.6 4.9 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.2 2.2
Had other major operations 0.9 1.1 5.6 0.0 -2.4 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 -0.7 0.9
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 1.0 3.8 6.2 -1.5 -2.4 -2.5 -1.0 -2.5 -2.2 0.6
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.3 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.7 1.0 -1.2
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 2.6 3.2 5.5 1.9 1.3 2.0 0.7 2.3 2.3 -1.1
Qualifications: None of the above 6.5 14.0 20.4 4.4 3.4 4.1 3.2 4.5 4.5 0.3
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 4.8 6.5 12.1 2.9 1.9 2.9 1.5 3.5 3.1 -0.8
Mouth/teeth dental problems 2.8 4.4 6.5 -2.5 -2.3 -1.9 -2.2 -2.3 -2.3 0.1
Heart attack 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.5 -0.8 -0.2 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.1
Allergy 0.9 2.0 6.9 1.2 0.6 -0.1 2.1 0.6 0.8 2.6
Pain all over the body in last month 3.5 3.7 5.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.2 2.1 2.3 -0.9
Diabetes (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 2.8 -0.6 -1.7 -0.9 -0.4 -0.3 -0.7 0.7
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 0.4 0.5 1.3 -0.9 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.8 -1.1 0.9
Medication: Ramipril 1.0 1.3 2.9 -1.2 -1.7 -1.3 -0.6 -1.1 -1.1 0.6
Medication: Simvastatin 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.7 0.5 0.2 1.3
Fluid intelligence score 2.6 5.3 9.7 -2.1 -2.8 -2.4 -1.3 -2.2 -3.1 1.7
Illnesses of siblings 1.1 1.6 2.5 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -1.6 -1.4 -0.8
Neuroticism score 6.1 12.7 22.8 4.0 1.6 3.9 1.8 4.0 4.8 -3.7
Weight 0.3 1.5 3.0 -0.4 -1.7 -1.7 -1.1 -1.2 -0.4 -1.2
Impedance of arm (right) 1.1 5.2 18.8 1.5 0.8 1.6 -0.2 2.1 2.7 -4.3
Arm fat percentage (right) 1.6 6.2 13.8 3.2 1.1 2.0 1.2 2.9 3.7 -2.2
Trunk fat-free mass 2.2 12.6 20.2 -3.5 -3.5 -4.5 -2.8 -4.5 -4.0 0.0
Hip circumference 0.5 2.2 4.8 -0.7 -2.2 -2.2 -1.4 -1.4 -0.6 -1.0
Time employed in main current job 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 -0.9 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.9
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 1.2 1.8 3.4 1.8 0.3 0.9 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2
Father’s age at death 2.2 2.9 4.2 -2.0 -0.8 -1.6 -2.0 -2.0 -1.8 -1.4
Worrier / anxious feelings 5.8 10.9 20.5 3.7 2.1 3.3 1.9 3.7 4.5 -3.0
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 9.4 15.3 24.3 4.7 2.7 4.6 3.2 4.5 4.9 -1.0
Falls in the last year 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.8 -1.2
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 1.1 1.6 2.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.3 -1.7 -1.1 -1.5 0.4
Number of live births 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 3.0 10.0 15.4 -2.8 -3.1 -3.8 -2.1 -3.9 -3.9 1.8
Pulse rate 0.8 1.3 3.7 -0.8 -1.1 -0.2 -1.7 -0.3 -0.7 -1.9
Happiness 5.7 6.9 9.2 3.0 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 1.5
Noisy workplace 0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.7 1.1 -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 -0.3 0.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 2.6 5.8 9.1 -2.8 -2.2 -2.8 -1.8 -2.8 -3.0 0.5
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 1.7 1.9 3.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 -1.8 -1.2 -1.4 -1.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 1.9 3.3 5.2 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.8 0.9
Asthma 0.4 0.8 4.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.6 -1.1 -0.1 -0.1 -2.0
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.0 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 0.1 0.5 -1.5
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.9 1.4 4.5 -0.6 -2.1 -1.6 -0.3 -0.7 -0.9 0.9
Depression (self-reported) 3.8 4.6 6.8 2.6 1.5 2.5 1.9 2.4 2.6 -0.5
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.1 -1.0 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.0 -0.2
Prospective memory result 5.2 6.4 11.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.6 3.4 -1.2
Lung cancer (father) 0.9 1.0 2.3 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.3 0.8 1.5 -1.4
Illnesses of mother 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.1 -0.0 0.3 0.6 -0.9
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 2.7 8.7 13.8 -2.7 -2.4 -3.7 -2.3 -3.6 -3.7 1.3
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.7 0.8 1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.1 -0.9 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6
Impedance of arm (left) 0.9 4.3 16.7 1.3 0.8 1.5 -0.3 1.7 2.4 -4.1
Arm fat mass (right) 0.5 1.9 4.9 1.8 -0.0 0.5 0.4 1.3 2.2 -1.7
Trunk predicted mass 2.2 12.5 19.9 -3.5 -3.5 -4.4 -2.8 -4.5 -3.9 0.0
Standing height 2.8 27.5 38.8 -5.5 -5.1 -6.1 -5.0 -6.2 -5.3 -2.7
Length of working week for main job 1.0 1.1 2.6 -1.0 -1.6 -0.9 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -1.2
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 2.1 2.3 6.0 1.4 1.4 2.4 1.2 1.8 1.4 -0.1
Breastfed as a baby 0.5 0.6 1.7 -0.7 -1.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.6 -1.1 0.2
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 3.1 5.2 9.2 2.6 1.2 3.0 1.7 2.5 2.8 -1.2
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 2.7 4.1 7.3 1.8 1.8 2.1 0.5 1.9 2.7 -2.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 2.4 5.8 9.3 2.5 1.2 2.6 3.0 2.3 1.6 2.9
Birth weight of first child 1.8 3.3 6.1 -1.9 -1.6 -2.5 -1.4 -2.2 -1.4 -1.5
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 3.8 8.7 14.9 -2.9 -2.3 -3.4 -2.5 -3.9 -3.7 1.1
Pulse wave reflection index 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8 -0.0 0.4 0.7
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.5 -0.4
Loud music exposure frequency 0.6 0.6 2.9 0.0 0.9 0.4 -0.1 -0.0 0.7 -1.7
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 2.3 3.7 6.2 -2.3 -1.3 -1.8 -1.9 -2.5 -2.4 -0.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.1 0.5 -1.0 0.4 -0.5 -0.2 0.3
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 1.0 1.3 2.4 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.6 -0.6
Medication: Paracetamol 1.3 2.2 10.9 0.4 0.8 0.6 -0.9 0.7 1.4 -3.3
Headache pain in last month 2.3 3.9 14.5 1.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.3 2.6 -3.8
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.5 0.8 3.0 0.4 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.5
Glaucoma (self-reported) 3.3 3.9 5.2 -2.2 -2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -2.2 -2.3 0.1
Gout (self-reported) 0.9 1.2 5.0 -0.3 -2.2 -1.3 0.0 -0.8 -0.6 0.9
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 1.3 2.6 9.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 2.0 0.8 0.5 3.1
Medication: Amlodipine 0.6 0.8 2.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.4 1.6
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.6 0.8 2.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.3 -1.5
Birth weight 1.1 2.5 3.9 -1.4 -1.6 -1.5 -2.0 -1.3 -1.4 -1.7
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 0.9 1.1 2.5 1.2 -0.3 0.4 0.9 1.2 1.6 -1.1
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 0.0
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.7 2.6 4.8 -1.3 -1.7 -2.2 -1.0 -2.1 -1.8 0.3
Body fat percentage 1.4 5.5 12.8 3.1 1.0 1.8 1.6 2.6 3.6 -1.5
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.9 3.3 7.4 2.5 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.7 -0.2
Arm fat-free mass (right) 1.3 6.9 12.0 -2.4 -2.6 -3.3 -1.6 -3.5 -3.0 1.0
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.9 1.3 2.1 -1.4 -0.6 -1.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.2 0.0
Comparative body size at age 10 0.6 1.7 6.0 1.1 0.8 0.7 -0.0 0.8 1.8 -2.4
Number of full brothers 0.6 0.7 1.6 -0.9 -0.4 -1.2 -0.3 -0.4 -1.0 1.3
Worry too long after embarrassment 7.7 12.9 23.3 4.2 1.8 4.0 2.2 3.9 4.8 -3.1
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 1.2 1.5 2.6 1.4 0.7 1.3 0.3 1.2 1.6 -1.6
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.4 0.8 4.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.1 -1.1 -0.2 0.1 -2.0
Number of children fathered 0.7 0.8 2.8 -0.5 -0.1 -0.7 0.2 -0.8 -1.0 1.7
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 -0.3
Age at first live birth 1.2 2.1 2.9 -1.5 -1.7 -1.7 -1.0 -1.7 -1.7 -0.3
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.3
Health satisfaction 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 -0.0
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.9 1.0 5.9 0.2 0.0 0.2 -1.0 0.1 0.6 -2.4
Qualifications: College or University degree 3.4 10.8 16.7 -3.5 -2.6 -4.0 -2.4 -4.1 -4.1 1.2
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 -0.4
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 2.0 2.3 4.2 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.3 2.1 -1.3
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.7 0.8 1.3 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7 -0.9 -0.9 -1.1 -0.0
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.6 1.1 5.4 -0.3 0.0 0.4 0.7 -0.3 -1.1 2.3
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 1.2 1.7 3.0 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.5 0.5
Medication: Blood pressure 0.3 0.6 1.9 0.1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.4 0.3 0.6 -1.4
Angina (self-reported) 1.5 1.9 7.2 -0.5 -2.7 -1.0 0.3 -0.8 -1.0 1.8
Migraine (self-reported) 0.9 1.2 6.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.3 1.3 -2.5
Medication: Ibuprofen 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.9
Medication: Allopurinol 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.3
Medication: Omeprazole 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.6
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 3.7 4.3 8.4 2.2 1.3 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.9 -1.4
Mean time to correctly identify matches 1.9 3.5 5.7 1.8 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.4 2.1 -0.5
Heart disease (mother) 1.4 1.7 3.4 -1.1 -1.8 -0.7 -0.0 -1.0 -1.5 1.9
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 0.9
Whole body fat mass 0.3 1.3 3.3 1.5 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.9 1.8 -1.5
Leg fat mass (right) 0.2 0.8 2.4 1.4 -0.2 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.6 -0.6
Arm predicted mass (right) 1.1 5.7 10.1 -2.1 -2.4 -3.1 -1.3 -3.2 -2.7 1.0
Pulse rate, automated reading 3.8 12.2 19.0 3.8 2.9 4.4 2.0 4.0 4.3 -2.4
Alcohol intake frequency. 4.6 10.6 17.0 3.8 2.1 4.0 2.5 3.8 4.1 -1.4
Comparative height size at age 10 0.5 2.6 4.7 -1.6 -1.3 -2.1 -1.3 -2.2 -1.8 -0.2
Number of full sisters 0.5 0.6 3.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.6 1.8
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.5 0.8 1.7 0.9 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.9 1.3 -1.1
Overall health rating 5.8 12.5 18.7 4.1 2.6 4.3 3.0 4.2 4.3 0.1
Chest pain or discomfort 0.7 1.0 4.9 -0.2 -2.2 -0.5 0.3 -0.6 -0.8 1.0
Had major operations 0.8 0.9 2.2 -0.6 -0.7 -1.1 -0.9 -1.0 -0.4 -1.5
Age at last live birth 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.9 -0.5
Family relationship satisfaction 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.7
Leg pain on walking 2.9 3.6 6.0 -2.1 -1.9 -2.4 -2.0 -2.0 -1.7 -0.6
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.8
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 1.6 1.8 3.1 1.0 1.7 1.8 0.5 1.2 1.5 -1.2
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.3 0.4 1.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.9 -0.1 0.0 1.4
Medication: Aspirin 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.1 -1.0 -0.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.5
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.3 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.3 -1.3
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.9 -0.3 -0.9 -0.1 0.1 -0.4
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.4 1.0 2.1 0.8 -1.3 0.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.4
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.8 0.9 2.9 -0.5 -1.7 -0.9 -1.2 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.6 0.8 2.8 0.5 -1.3 0.2 0.8 0.5 -0.0 1.7
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.4 -0.6
Smoking status: Previous 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.1 1.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 4.1 8.6 14.0 -3.4 -1.7 -2.4 -3.7 -3.3 -2.9 -2.6
Whole body fat-free mass 1.4 7.9 13.3 -2.7 -2.7 -3.6 -2.3 -3.6 -3.0 -0.1
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.7 3.6 6.2 -1.6 -1.8 -2.5 -2.0 -2.3 -1.6 -1.1
Arm fat percentage (left) 1.5 5.8 13.0 3.1 1.1 2.0 1.2 2.7 3.6 -1.9
Average weekly red wine intake 12.1 17.8 27.9 -4.9 -3.1 -5.0 -3.4 -4.9 -5.3 1.8
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.3 0.4 1.1 -0.2 1.0 0.2 -0.7 0.3 0.1 -1.1
Mood swings 1.4 2.6 6.8 1.6 0.1 1.1 0.2 1.4 2.3 -2.6
Loneliness, isolation 4.0 5.5 8.6 2.6 1.5 2.9 1.2 2.8 2.9 -1.8
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 0.1 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.8 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.7 0.8 3.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.6 -0.2 -0.9 2.0
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.6 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.1 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.8
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 -0.6 -0.1 -0.4
Friendships satisfaction 0.5 0.6 2.2 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.2
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 6.0 9.4 14.3 -3.1 -2.9 -3.8 -2.1 -3.7 -3.8 0.9
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 1.5 1.6 3.3 -1.2 -1.2 -1.0 -1.0 -1.4 -1.8 1.1
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.7 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.7
Medication for cholesterol 0.9 1.4 4.5 -1.0 0.4 -0.4 -1.4 -1.0 -0.8 -2.1
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.5
Back pain experienced in last month 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.0 0.3 0.2 -0.0
Mineral and other dietary supplements 4.8 6.5 10.5 3.0 2.0 2.6 2.3 3.2 3.1 0.3
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.8 1.0 1.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.1
Asthma (self-reported) 0.4 0.9 4.5 -0.2 -0.4 0.7 -1.0 -0.0 0.0 -2.1
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 1.4 1.7 5.1 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.7 2.3
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.1 0.4 -0.6
Medication: Aspirin 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.7 -1.3 -0.5 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.6
Medication: Gliclazide 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.4 -1.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.3
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 0.7 0.9 3.1 -0.6 1.0 0.1 -1.3 -0.3 -0.2 -1.8
Smoking status: Current 1.8 2.9 6.9 1.8 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.7 2.6 -2.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 1.6 3.5 6.4 -1.8 -0.8 -2.1 -1.5 -2.2 -2.5 1.6
Whole body water mass 1.2 6.9 11.8 -2.5 -2.5 -3.4 -2.2 -3.4 -2.8 -0.1
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.7 3.7 6.4 -1.6 -1.8 -2.5 -2.0 -2.4 -1.6 -1.1
Arm fat mass (left) 0.4 1.6 4.2 1.7 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.2 2.0 -1.6
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.4 -1.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.0
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.4 -0.3 0.4 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1
Miserableness 0.8 1.4 3.8 1.1 -0.1 1.5 0.2 0.9 1.5 -1.9
Guilty feelings 3.8 5.7 11.8 2.4 1.0 2.8 0.3 2.4 2.6 -3.4
Wears glasses or contact lenses 3.8 4.4 7.9 -2.3 -1.7 -2.6 -1.5 -2.8 -2.3 0.8
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 3.3 3.7 6.8 -2.0 -2.6 -2.2 -1.4 -1.9 -2.1 -0.2
Hearing aid user 3.1 3.5 5.8 -2.2 -1.9 -1.4 -2.1 -2.0 -2.4 0.2
Mother’s age at death 0.4 0.5 0.9 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.8
Financial situation satisfaction 1.8 2.2 3.8 1.3 2.0 1.7 0.4 1.9 1.7 -0.6
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 1.0 1.2 2.9 0.7 1.3 1.7 0.2 1.4 0.9 -0.4
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 2.5 3.0 6.2 -1.8 -2.5 -2.3 -1.4 -1.3 -1.8 0.1
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 4.8 5.7 8.2 -2.6 -2.6 -2.4 -2.2 -2.9 -2.8 -0.4
Medication: Blood pressure 0.8 1.5 6.3 0.5 -1.0 0.3 1.6 0.6 0.3 2.5
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.6 -0.7
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 3.1 4.1 7.6 -2.3 -1.3 -2.3 -1.5 -2.5 -2.8 0.8
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 1.0 1.8 3.2 1.7 0.3 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.1
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.6 0.9 2.7 -0.7 -1.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 0.6
Medication: Paracetamol 1.6 2.5 11.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 -0.4 0.9 1.8 -3.3
Medication: Lisinopril 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.9 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 0.5
Medication: Atorvastatin 1.5 1.8 8.2 1.2 -0.7 0.0 1.4 0.7 0.2 2.9
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.7 0.9 4.7 0.2 -0.5 -0.3 1.1 -0.1 -0.3 2.2
Alcohol drinker status: Never 0.6 0.7 1.9 1.1 -0.2 0.7 0.1 0.7 1.1 -1.4
Ever smoked 0.3 0.6 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.0 -1.2
Basal metabolic rate 1.0 5.6 10.1 -2.1 -2.5 -3.2 -2.1 -3.0 -2.3 -0.6
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.9 3.3 7.8 2.5 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.8 -0.3
Arm fat-free mass (left) 1.1 5.5 9.7 -2.1 -2.5 -3.1 -1.4 -3.0 -2.5 0.6
Number of operations (self-reported) 2.7 4.0 6.1 -1.9 -2.0 -2.4 -1.9 -2.5 -2.1 -0.5
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.4 0.6 2.5 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 0.7 -0.2 -0.6 1.6
Irritability 1.7 2.9 6.8 1.6 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.7 2.4 -2.6
Risk taking 1.9 2.8 4.6 -1.8 -0.5 -1.5 -2.2 -1.9 -1.4 -1.9
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 1.2 1.4 2.9 -1.2 -0.7 -1.7 -0.4 -1.7 -1.3 0.6
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.8 1.1 2.5 -0.7 -1.0 -0.9 -0.1 -1.1 -1.4 1.6
Age started oral contraceptive pill 1.5 1.9 3.2 -1.3 -1.5 -1.6 -1.1 -1.8 -1.4 -0.6
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.6 2.0 7.2 1.1 -0.8 0.9 1.3 1.4 0.4 2.7
Ever depressed for a whole week 1.8 2.2 3.7 1.5 1.6 1.8 0.8 1.9 1.8 -0.4
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 3.8 4.9 8.6 2.4 1.8 2.7 1.4 2.2 2.9 -1.7
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 1.7 2.1 4.2 -1.3 -0.1 -1.0 -0.5 -1.8 -2.1 2.0
Myopia 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.7 -0.5
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.5 1.4 3.0 -1.0 1.2 0.0 -1.2 -1.4 -1.0 -1.7
Cholesterol lowering medication 2.1 3.0 4.2 1.9 0.9 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.2
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.2
Pain experienced in last month 2.8 4.7 7.8 -2.1 -2.8 -2.0 -0.6 -2.1 -2.8 2.0
Supplements: Calcium 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.0 0.7
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.7
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.7 -0.6 0.1 1.1 0.5 0.4 1.3
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.2 -0.7
Heart disease (siblings) 1.3 1.6 3.1 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.6
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 3.1 3.6 9.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.6 1.6 2.7 -3.1
Pack years of smoking 2.9 4.2 8.6 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.2 2.1 2.9 -1.8
Impedance of whole body 0.3 1.7 6.0 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.2 1.3 1.5 -2.4
Leg fat mass (left) 0.2 0.9 2.6 1.4 -0.2 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.6 -0.8
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.9 4.3 7.6 -1.9 -2.1 -2.8 -1.3 -2.8 -2.2 0.5