Hub : Genes

ZKSCAN7

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 GTEx Artery Aorta 0.0770 0.0370 8.2e-04 0.043 NA 0.064 NA 0.050 0.0020 NA 2.1e-04 NA 9.5e-04
2 GTEx Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes 0.0920 0.0490 7.6e-03 0.023 NA 0.023 NA 0.016 0.0570 NA 5.9e-02 NA 9.9e-02
3 GTEx Liver 0.1640 0.0840 5.0e-03 -0.011 NA 0.020 NA -0.009 0.9200 NA 8.9e-02 NA 7.1e-01
4 GTEx Ovary 0.1390 0.0740 3.9e-03 0.093 NA 0.011 NA 0.045 0.0027 NA 1.7e-01 NA 2.9e-02
5 GTEx Whole Blood 0.0890 0.0340 3.8e-05 0.026 NA 0.044 NA 0.055 0.0018 NA 6.1e-05 NA 7.4e-06
6 METSIM Adipose 0.0661 0.0264 1.5e-04 0.003 0.034 0.008 0.034 0.013 0.0890 6.2e-06 1.9e-02 7.2e-06 3.9e-03
7 ROSMAP Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0501 0.0270 4.0e-03 0.017 0.012 0.005 0.017 0.021 0.0028 1.0e-02 6.2e-02 2.8e-03 7.9e-04

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 2.8 4.5 9.2 -3.0 -2.7 -0.6 -2.7 -1.5 -1.2 -2.0
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.8 1.9 5.5 -1.3 -1.9 0.8 -1.2 -0.5 -0.1 -2.3
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 2.5 5.3 11.0 -2.5 -1.8 -0.6 -2.1 -3.3 -3.0 -1.6
Depression (Nagel 2018) 4.9 7.4 15.0 -3.5 -3.9 1.4 -3.3 -1.1 -3.2 -0.8
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 2.1 6.5 9.9 3.1 2.1 0.3 2.6 3.1 2.6 2.8
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 3.9 9.3 16.9 -3.5 -2.3 0.3 -3.0 -4.1 -3.4 -3.1
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.4 0.8 1.8 0.8 -0.3 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 -1.4
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 1.6 2.1 5.5 2.3 1.5 0.5 2.1 0.8 1.4 0.3
Worry (Nagel 2018) 3.7 7.9 14.8 -3.2 -2.2 0.4 -2.8 -2.9 -2.9 -3.8
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 2.2 2.5 4.5 2.0 1.5 0.5 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.1
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.3 0.3 2.0 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 1.4 0.2 0.4
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 1.3 1.8 5.8 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 2.4 1.6 2.0
Crohns Disease (2017) 0.3 0.7 4.1 -0.6 -0.1 -2.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.5
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 0.3 0.8 3.9 -0.7 -0.2 -2.0 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 -1.0
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 0.3 0.5 2.4 -0.3 0.1 -1.6 -0.0 0.3 0.3 -0.8
Major Depression (MDD) 3.5 4.3 8.8 -3.0 -2.3 1.7 -2.9 -1.5 -1.4 -0.7
Reaction Time 1.4 2.6 8.4 -1.3 -0.6 -1.7 -1.0 -2.9 -2.0 0.2
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.2 0.5 2.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.4 -0.2 1.0
Breast Cancer 0.9 2.1 4.8 -2.2 -1.4 0.4 -2.0 -1.1 -1.6 -0.1
Ovarian Cancer 0.7 0.9 4.6 -0.4 -0.7 -2.1 -0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.4
Prostate Cancer 0.4 0.6 2.1 -0.5 -0.3 -1.1 -0.2 -1.5 -0.5 -0.1
Age at First Birth 2.0 3.0 6.1 2.3 2.0 1.0 2.5 1.3 1.5 -0.6
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 1.5 1.4 4.8 -1.2 -1.0 -2.2 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.5
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 1.7 2.3 6.3 -1.1 -0.5 -1.8 -0.7 -2.5 -1.9 -1.0
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1.3 1.5 4.7 -1.2 -2.2 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -1.3 -0.3
Crohns Disease (2012) 1.4 2.2 12.2 0.3 0.2 -3.5 0.1 -0.5 -1.0 -1.3
Mean Putamen Volume 0.3 0.3 0.9 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.4
Fasting Glucose 2.6 3.1 4.9 -1.7 -2.1 -2.2 -1.9 -0.8 -2.2 -0.4
HbA1C 2.4 2.7 5.7 2.1 2.2 -1.0 2.4 -0.3 1.7 -0.3
HDL Cholesterol 0.8 1.4 6.9 0.2 -0.5 0.3 -0.1 2.6 0.2 1.6
LDL Cholesterol 0.9 1.4 2.3 1.5 1.3 -1.2 1.5 0.4 1.3 -0.2
Lupus 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.7 0.1 0.5
Neuroticism (2016) 2.9 4.2 10.3 -2.3 -1.5 0.4 -2.1 -3.2 -1.0 -2.5
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.6 0.9 -0.0 0.6 -0.7 -0.7 1.3
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.0 1.4 2.2 1.3 1.0 -1.3 1.5 -1.1 0.7 -1.2
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.5 1.0 3.1 0.9 -0.2 1.8 0.6 1.0 1.0 -0.8
Triglycerides 0.9 1.4 2.9 0.9 1.3 -0.3 1.2 -1.7 1.6 0.6
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.5 1.7 5.2 1.0 1.5 -2.3 1.3 -1.2 -0.3 0.4
Ulcerative Colitis 1.8 2.6 5.3 -2.3 -2.2 -0.4 -2.3 -0.5 -0.6 -1.4
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.1 0.6 3.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 1.0 -0.2 1.8
Blood Platelet Count 0.4 5.0 9.3 -2.6 -3.0 1.4 -3.0 -0.7 -2.5 0.9
Blood Red Count 0.1 1.4 3.5 -0.3 -0.8 -1.9 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 1.7
Blood White Count 0.2 1.4 4.5 -1.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.8 -2.1 -1.9 0.6
Heel T-Score 0.7 5.8 20.9 -1.9 -1.5 0.9 -1.8 -2.9 -1.0 -4.6
BMI 1.0 5.7 14.7 -0.5 0.4 -3.5 0.4 -3.8 -3.4 0.8
Height 0.1 1.0 5.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.6 -2.4
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.4 1.9 12.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.9 -3.5
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.1 0.7 2.1 -0.0 -0.1 -1.5 0.0 0.4 -1.0 1.2
Smoking Status 0.2 0.5 1.1 -0.4 -0.4 1.0 -0.5 -0.0 0.9 -0.8
Allergy or Eczema 0.6 1.5 3.8 -1.0 0.3 -1.3 -0.8 -1.9 0.2 -2.0
Cardiovascular Disease 0.2 0.5 1.3 -0.2 0.1 -1.1 -0.0 -0.3 -1.1 1.0
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 1.1 2.5 6.6 1.0 1.1 -1.2 1.4 -2.6 -0.9 -2.1
Respiratory disease 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.7 0.4
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.8 1.5 6.5 0.3 1.2 -1.1 0.7 -2.5 -0.0 -1.1
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 0.9 4.6 16.6 2.6 0.7 0.4 2.3 1.6 0.3 4.1
Lung FVC 0.9 4.8 13.8 -1.0 -1.3 3.0 -1.6 3.7 1.8 1.5
Neuroticism 2.6 6.2 10.0 -3.0 -2.2 0.2 -2.5 -3.2 -2.6 -2.5
Chronotype (morning person) 1.4 3.2 7.2 -1.8 -1.0 -0.9 -1.4 -2.7 -2.7 -0.9
Hair Pigment 0.1 1.5 4.3 -1.5 -1.2 2.1 -1.2 0.4 0.4 -0.7
Tanning 0.1 1.3 2.7 1.3 1.6 -0.4 1.5 0.1 1.3 0.5
Hand grip strength (left) 0.2 0.6 1.0 -1.0 -0.8 0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.2 -0.5
Number of treatments/medications taken 2.9 5.3 12.1 -2.4 -1.9 -0.4 -2.1 -3.5 -2.3 -2.4
Average weekly spirits intake 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.7 -0.6 0.0 -0.6 0.1 -0.6 0.2
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 2.4 4.2 6.2 -2.5 -2.5 1.6 -2.2 -2.5 -1.9 -0.2
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 6.4 9.0 16.6 -3.8 -4.1 2.3 -3.9 -0.2 -3.4 0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 2.0 3.1 11.7 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.3 3.4 1.7 2.5
Relative age of first facial hair 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.1
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 1.8 2.3 4.3 -1.7 -1.9 2.1 -2.0 0.9 0.1 0.2
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.5 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 0.7
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.1 0.4 1.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.8 0.2 -0.3 -1.1 0.6
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.1 0.7 -1.1 0.2 -1.4 0.5 -0.3
Angina 2.1 2.8 7.9 -1.5 -1.1 -1.0 -1.3 -2.1 -2.8 1.0
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 1.4 1.6 2.8 -1.5 -1.4 0.6 -1.3 -1.7 -1.4 -0.5
Vitamin and mineral supplements 1.6 2.1 4.0 1.6 1.9 -2.0 1.6 -0.3 1.1 0.9
Supplements: Zinc 1.8 2.0 4.3 -1.1 -1.6 1.9 -1.4 2.1 -0.3 -0.4
Medication: Co-codamol 1.1 1.2 2.4 -1.5 -1.5 0.4 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -0.0
Medication: Metformin 0.6 0.9 3.6 0.2 1.1 0.0 0.6 -1.9 -0.8 -0.7
Diabetes (father) 1.5 1.9 6.7 1.2 0.7 -0.9 0.9 1.7 0.6 2.6
Diabetes (mother) 1.4 1.8 6.3 1.0 1.3 -0.1 1.1 -1.5 0.4 -2.5
Severe depression (siblings) 0.7 0.8 2.1 -0.7 -1.3 -1.5 -0.7 0.3 -0.7 0.8
Pack years adult smoking proportion 2.2 3.4 6.1 -2.4 -2.5 1.9 -2.5 -0.1 -1.6 0.2
Impedance of leg (right) 0.6 3.1 9.2 -1.6 -1.9 1.5 -1.7 -0.9 -0.6 -3.0
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.2 1.3 2.4 -0.9 0.3 -1.1 -0.4 -1.5 -1.5 1.5
Trunk fat percentage 2.2 8.8 34.9 2.2 2.5 -5.9 2.9 -2.3 -0.8 1.3
Hand grip strength (right) 0.6 1.7 3.5 -1.6 -0.8 0.7 -1.2 -1.8 -0.4 -1.9
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 1.1 1.5 2.9 -1.6 -1.6 1.2 -1.7 0.3 -1.0 0.5
Current tobacco smoking 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.8 -0.3 -1.0 -0.3 0.0
Average weekly fortified wine intake 0.7 0.8 4.6 -0.1 -0.4 2.1 -0.2 0.8 0.5 0.4
Maternal smoking around birth 1.9 2.8 5.7 2.2 2.3 -1.2 2.4 0.7 1.3 0.5
Fed-up feelings 1.2 2.1 9.4 -0.8 -0.5 -0.0 -0.5 -3.1 -2.0 -0.7
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 3.0 4.1 7.3 -2.6 -2.6 1.9 -2.7 -0.2 -1.9 -0.3
Relative age voice broke 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.1 -1.1 0.1 -1.0 -1.0 -0.2
Taking other prescription medications 3.2 5.0 8.2 -2.5 -2.1 1.0 -2.2 -2.9 -2.3 -2.1
Age when periods started (menarche) 1.8 4.3 6.2 2.5 1.9 -0.9 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 0.6 0.7 1.7 1.0 0.4 -1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.3
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 0.3 0.8 1.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.3 -1.0 -0.6 0.0 -1.4
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 1.5 1.6 4.2 -0.0 -0.6 2.0 -0.3 1.6 0.3 2.0
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 1.8 2.4 3.9 -2.0 -2.0 0.4 -1.7 -1.7 -1.7 -0.1
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.9 -1.1 0.6 -1.0 -0.5 -0.1
High blood pressure 0.5 1.3 2.9 -0.8 -0.4 -1.7 -0.5 -1.3 -1.6 0.8
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.7 1.4 4.0 -1.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.9 -1.8 -0.2 -2.0
Multivitamins +/- minerals 2.4 3.0 5.9 -1.8 -2.4 2.2 -2.0 1.1 -1.4 -0.5
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 0.9 1.2 3.2 -1.2 -1.8 0.5 -1.3 -0.3 -1.2 0.0
Supplements: Glucosamine 1.4 1.8 3.2 -1.6 -1.8 1.7 -1.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.9
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1
Medication: Atenolol 0.6 0.8 1.5 0.7 1.2 -1.1 0.8 -1.0 0.7 -0.5
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 1.7 2.9 7.0 1.4 1.7 -1.6 1.7 -1.9 0.1 -2.6
Sitting height 1.0 6.8 13.3 -3.6 -2.7 1.2 -3.1 -2.6 -1.2 -2.9
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.1 0.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 1.2
High blood pressure (mother) 0.4 0.5 0.8 -0.9 -0.7 0.6 -0.9 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8
Body mass index (BMI) 1.1 4.6 13.9 0.0 0.7 -3.7 0.8 -3.1 -2.4 1.5
Impedance of leg (left) 0.6 2.9 12.1 -1.2 -1.6 1.4 -1.3 -0.6 -0.1 -3.5
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.2 1.3 2.3 -0.9 0.4 -1.1 -0.3 -1.5 -1.5 1.4
Trunk fat mass 1.4 6.0 25.0 1.1 1.7 -5.0 1.9 -2.7 -1.3 1.0
Waist circumference 0.9 3.4 9.8 1.0 2.0 -3.1 1.6 -2.4 -0.6 0.1
Number of incorrect matches in round 1.4 2.3 9.5 0.7 0.8 -1.4 1.0 -1.3 0.8 -3.1
Past tobacco smoking 0.7 1.4 5.3 -1.2 -0.8 -0.2 -1.1 -0.8 -2.3 0.3
Alcohol usually taken with meals 2.2 3.5 6.0 1.8 1.7 -1.6 1.9 -0.8 2.4 -2.4
Nervous feelings 2.6 4.9 8.0 -2.5 -2.3 1.7 -2.6 -1.3 -1.8 -2.8
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 7.8 12.1 22.8 -4.7 -4.6 2.7 -4.8 -1.5 -2.9 -1.0
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 2.0 3.3 6.6 -1.2 -2.1 1.9 -1.8 2.6 1.7 0.9
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 1.1 1.4 4.2 0.6 1.4 -0.1 1.2 -2.1 -0.2 -1.3
Had menopause 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.5 -0.4 0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.5
Had other major operations 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.4 0.1 0.7 -0.0 0.6
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.3 1.1 4.6 -1.1 -0.1 2.2 -1.0 0.4 0.5 -0.5
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 0.5 1.1 4.7 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -1.0 0.3 -2.2
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 1.3 1.6 3.2 -1.4 -1.6 0.4 -1.5 -0.5 -0.8 -1.8
Qualifications: None of the above 0.4 1.0 2.0 -0.6 -0.0 -1.0 -0.1 -1.4 -1.4 1.2
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 2.9 4.0 7.9 -2.8 -2.7 0.8 -2.8 -0.9 -1.5 -1.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems 0.5 0.8 3.1 -0.4 -0.4 1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -1.8
Heart attack 1.1 1.4 4.9 -0.2 0.4 -2.0 0.2 -2.2 -0.5 -0.4
Allergy 0.5 1.1 3.0 1.3 -0.1 0.4 0.9 1.5 -0.1 1.7
Pain all over the body in last month 0.6 0.7 2.0 0.7 0.7 -0.8 0.8 -0.8 -0.1 -1.4
Diabetes (self-reported) 1.1 1.7 4.5 0.7 1.7 -0.9 1.0 -2.1 0.0 -1.4
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 1.3 1.7 7.7 -0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -1.9 0.4 -2.8
Medication: Ramipril 0.6 0.8 2.1 0.8 0.6 -1.4 0.6 -0.6 0.1 -1.4
Medication: Simvastatin 0.4 0.5 2.8 0.3 -0.2 1.7 0.1 0.1 -0.4 0.7
Fluid intelligence score 0.3 0.5 2.0 0.1 -0.3 1.4 -0.2 0.9 -0.8 0.4
Illnesses of siblings 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 -1.0
Neuroticism score 2.2 4.6 8.0 -2.8 -2.3 0.9 -2.5 -2.3 -2.4 -1.1
Weight 0.7 3.4 9.2 -0.9 0.2 -2.9 -0.1 -3.0 -2.3 0.7
Impedance of arm (right) 1.2 5.8 9.5 3.1 2.6 -1.3 2.7 2.4 3.1 0.4
Arm fat percentage (right) 2.0 7.9 29.8 1.8 2.4 -5.5 2.6 -2.5 -0.9 1.5
Trunk fat-free mass 0.8 4.8 9.6 -3.1 -1.9 1.2 -2.7 -2.3 -2.4 -0.7
Hip circumference 0.7 3.2 9.5 0.6 1.6 -3.1 1.3 -2.1 -0.9 1.8
Time employed in main current job 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 2.8 4.1 12.1 2.7 3.5 -0.6 2.5 0.2 1.7 -0.3
Father’s age at death 0.7 0.9 3.0 0.3 0.1 1.7 0.1 1.0 1.3 0.8
Worrier / anxious feelings 2.8 5.4 14.3 -2.0 -1.3 2.4 -1.9 -2.5 -1.2 -3.8
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 5.5 9.0 17.1 -4.0 -4.1 1.9 -4.1 -1.1 -2.7 -1.0
Falls in the last year 1.6 2.2 4.5 -2.1 -1.6 0.1 -2.0 -1.3 -0.9 -1.4
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.3 0.4 1.9 -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.7 1.4 -0.2 -0.1
Number of live births 1.1 1.6 5.9 -1.5 -0.2 -0.6 -1.0 -2.4 -1.2 -0.4
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 0.2 0.5 2.3 -0.6 -0.1 1.5 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 0.8
Pulse rate 0.7 1.2 3.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.7 1.9 -1.0 1.8
Happiness 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.2
Noisy workplace 0.8 1.0 2.6 1.6 1.0 -1.1 1.3 0.2 -0.5 0.5
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.2 0.5 1.5 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.0
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 2.8 3.2 7.2 2.0 2.7 -0.1 2.3 0.2 2.3 -0.8
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.7 1.1 3.6 0.2 0.1 -1.9 0.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.7
Asthma 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.4 1.1 0.6
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.0 1.3 3.2 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.8 -0.8 0.6 -1.1
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.8 1.2 3.3 -1.0 -1.1 0.7 -1.0 -1.1 -1.8 -0.6
Depression (self-reported) 4.1 4.9 8.1 -2.8 -2.8 0.2 -2.8 -1.9 -2.6 -0.5
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.6 0.7 2.3 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.7 -1.5 0.8 -0.2
Prospective memory result 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.7
Lung cancer (father) 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.0 1.3 -0.7 1.1 0.5 1.1 -1.1
Illnesses of mother 0.3 0.4 1.6 -0.3 -0.5 0.7 -0.4 0.6 0.2 1.3
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 0.4 1.3 4.5 -0.4 -0.7 2.1 -0.5 1.4 -0.0 1.3
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.8 -0.4 -0.0 0.1
Impedance of arm (left) 2.0 9.3 15.9 4.0 3.5 -1.6 3.6 2.8 3.5 1.1
Arm fat mass (right) 1.5 6.0 20.7 0.7 1.5 -4.5 1.5 -3.4 -1.9 1.1
Trunk predicted mass 0.8 4.8 9.7 -3.1 -2.0 1.3 -2.7 -2.3 -2.3 -0.7
Standing height 0.2 2.0 3.8 -1.9 -1.1 1.2 -1.8 -0.6 -0.5 -1.8
Length of working week for main job 0.9 0.9 3.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.8 -1.4 0.3 -1.9
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 0.6 0.7 1.9 0.9 1.0 -1.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.3
Breastfed as a baby 1.2 1.5 5.3 0.3 -0.2 2.3 -0.3 1.9 1.1 0.4
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 3.6 6.0 11.6 -3.4 -3.0 0.6 -3.4 -1.0 -2.9 -0.9
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 7.4 11.3 23.7 -4.9 -4.4 1.7 -4.5 -2.2 -2.3 -1.3
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.4 1.0 3.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 -0.1 1.4 1.7 0.7
Birth weight of first child 0.9 1.6 4.8 -1.3 -1.4 2.2 -1.2 0.9 0.6 -0.4
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.1
Pulse wave reflection index 1.0 1.2 4.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.6 -1.8 0.7 -2.0
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.1 -0.2 -1.5 0.1 -0.7 0.2 -0.7
Loud music exposure frequency 1.7 1.8 3.7 -1.9 -1.7 1.3 -1.9 0.0 -0.8 0.6
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.9 -0.6 -0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 1.1 1.4 4.3 1.1 0.8 -1.1 1.2 0.8 0.5 2.1
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.9 1.1 1.9 -1.2 -1.4 1.0 -1.1 -0.3 -1.3 -0.7
Medication: Paracetamol 1.5 2.5 5.8 -1.4 -1.3 -0.0 -1.1 -1.4 -2.2 -2.4
Headache pain in last month 4.1 7.0 13.2 -3.6 -3.5 -0.1 -3.5 -1.5 -2.4 -1.9
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.8 1.4 4.0 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.7 2.0 0.3
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.1 -0.7
Gout (self-reported) 0.9 1.2 2.2 -1.5 -1.3 0.6 -1.5 -0.2 -1.3 0.3
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 1.4 2.8 4.2 1.8 1.8 -1.7 2.0 -1.5 -0.4 -2.0
Medication: Amlodipine 0.9 1.2 3.6 -1.0 -0.7 1.9 -1.0 -1.3 -0.8 0.2
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.3 0.4 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3 -0.7 1.0
Birth weight 0.9 1.9 5.5 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.2 2.0 2.4 0.2
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 1.3 1.5 5.7 -0.9 -0.6 -2.4 -0.8 -0.5 -1.7 0.6
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.3 -0.7 0.0 -0.2
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 0.5 1.8 7.4 -0.9 -0.7 2.7 -1.0 1.5 0.8 0.2
Body fat percentage 1.9 7.3 30.2 1.5 1.9 -5.5 2.3 -2.7 -1.2 0.9
Leg fat percentage (right) 1.4 5.1 15.1 -0.5 0.2 -3.7 0.2 -3.9 -2.5 -0.3
Arm fat-free mass (right) 1.2 5.9 10.4 -3.2 -2.1 0.2 -2.6 -3.1 -3.1 -0.8
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.8
Comparative body size at age 10 0.7 2.0 3.6 -0.9 -1.9 -1.1 -1.2 1.0 -1.6 1.8
Number of full brothers 0.9 1.1 2.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 -0.1 0.4 1.7
Worry too long after embarrassment 3.5 5.8 11.8 -3.4 -3.0 2.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.4 -0.9
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 3.6 4.7 10.5 -2.9 -3.2 1.2 -2.9 -0.2 -1.7 -1.1
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 0.2 0.4 1.9 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 -0.6 0.2 0.5 1.4
Number of children fathered 0.5 0.6 1.7 -0.0 0.1 0.8 0.2 -1.3 0.4 -1.2
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.1 1.3 6.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.8 -0.1 -1.3 -0.3 -2.6
Age at first live birth 1.9 3.4 5.2 2.2 1.7 -0.2 2.0 1.7 2.1 -2.3
Pulse wave peak to peak time 0.5 0.6 1.4 -1.1 -1.2 -0.6 -1.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.5
Health satisfaction 0.7 0.9 1.5 -0.7 -1.0 -0.4 -1.0 -1.2 -0.9 -1.2
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.2 0.3 1.5 -0.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 -1.2 -0.5 -0.3
Qualifications: College or University degree 1.5 4.7 10.6 2.0 2.4 1.5 1.7 0.9 3.3 -2.5
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 1.0 1.1 2.4 -1.1 -1.6 1.1 -1.1 0.3 -1.3 0.2
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.5 0.6 1.5 0.7 1.0 -0.5 0.7 -0.1 1.2 -0.1
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 1.2 1.3 5.5 -0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 -1.7 0.1 -2.3
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 2.0 3.5 10.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 3.2 2.7 1.9
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.4 0.5 1.1 -0.8 -0.4 1.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 0.5
Medication: Blood pressure 1.1 2.0 3.5 -1.8 -1.0 -0.2 -1.4 -1.9 -1.6 -1.3
Angina (self-reported) 2.0 2.6 7.6 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -1.2 -2.3 -2.8 0.6
Migraine (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 2.4 0.1 -0.5 -1.6 -0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.4
Medication: Ibuprofen 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 1.0 -0.2 1.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.8
Medication: Allopurinol 2.0 2.7 4.9 -2.0 -2.0 0.1 -2.1 -1.3 -2.2 -0.5
Medication: Omeprazole 1.1 1.4 2.8 -1.3 -1.4 -0.6 -1.4 -0.9 -1.7 0.4
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 2.8 3.2 15.0 0.1 0.8 1.2 0.6 -2.2 0.6 -3.9
Mean time to correctly identify matches 0.9 1.7 5.3 -0.4 -0.0 -1.9 -0.1 -2.3 -1.6 0.7
Heart disease (mother) 0.7 0.9 2.3 1.0 0.4 -0.7 1.0 0.7 1.5 -0.8
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 1.3 1.5 3.2 1.5 1.8 -1.1 1.6 -0.2 1.0 0.4
Whole body fat mass 1.3 5.6 21.0 0.5 1.2 -4.6 1.4 -3.3 -1.8 0.5
Leg fat mass (right) 1.3 5.1 13.8 -0.9 0.1 -3.7 -0.0 -3.7 -2.7 0.2
Arm predicted mass (right) 1.0 5.1 9.1 -3.0 -1.8 0.1 -2.3 -3.0 -2.9 -0.7
Pulse rate, automated reading 0.2 0.7 3.1 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3 -0.8 -0.6 -1.8 0.2
Alcohol intake frequency. 0.4 1.0 2.3 0.4 0.3 -1.5 0.4 -1.4 -0.9 1.3
Comparative height size at age 10 0.2 1.1 2.0 -1.1 -1.0 1.4 -1.4 0.2 -0.8 -1.0
Number of full sisters 0.5 0.6 1.2 -1.0 -1.1 0.5 -1.0 0.5 -0.5 0.2
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 1.5 2.3 5.0 -2.2 -2.2 0.8 -2.1 -0.4 -0.9 -0.4
Overall health rating 0.5 1.1 1.9 -1.3 -1.0 0.9 -1.4 -0.6 -1.3 0.4
Chest pain or discomfort 1.5 2.2 11.6 -0.7 -0.8 0.3 -0.7 1.1 -0.9 3.4
Had major operations 0.5 0.6 1.8 -0.6 -0.5 0.5 -0.8 1.4 0.2 0.7
Age at last live birth 2.1 3.0 4.7 2.1 1.8 -1.3 2.1 1.0 2.2 -1.3
Family relationship satisfaction 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.2 -0.5 0.9 -0.1 1.0 0.1 1.1
Leg pain on walking 0.5 0.6 2.1 -0.9 -0.1 1.0 -0.6 -1.4 -0.4 -0.0
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 0.7 0.9 2.7 -0.5 -1.1 -1.1 -0.6 -0.7 -1.6 0.4
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 1.6 1.8 8.8 -1.2 -0.5 0.3 -0.5 -3.0 -0.9 -1.1
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -1.4 1.1
Medication: Aspirin 0.8 1.1 3.3 -0.6 -0.1 -1.3 -0.4 -1.8 -1.4 -0.5
Supplements: Vitamin C 1.1 1.3 2.4 -1.4 -1.6 1.1 -1.2 -0.0 -1.5 -0.1
Knee pain experienced in last month 1.5 2.4 10.5 -1.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.9 -3.2 -1.4 -1.1
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.4 1.2 3.1 -0.5 0.2 -1.8 -0.2 -1.6 -1.4 0.6
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.0
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.7 1.0 4.3 0.3 0.4 -0.3 0.4 0.2 -1.4 2.1
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.8 1.0 2.8 0.2 0.1 -1.7 0.2 -0.9 -1.2 1.3
Smoking status: Previous 0.6 0.9 3.4 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.8 -1.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.7 1.4 2.5 -1.4 -1.3 -0.5 -1.5 0.5 -1.6 0.9
Whole body fat-free mass 0.5 2.8 5.4 -2.3 -1.1 0.2 -1.8 -2.1 -2.2 0.1
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.2 0.9 1.9 -0.5 0.6 -1.1 -0.0 -1.0 -1.1 1.4
Arm fat percentage (left) 2.2 8.9 31.5 2.2 2.8 -5.6 3.0 -2.2 -0.8 2.0
Average weekly red wine intake 1.2 1.8 6.0 0.4 -0.7 1.1 0.2 2.1 2.5 -0.1
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 1.2 1.5 6.7 -0.7 -0.7 2.6 -0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4
Mood swings 4.0 7.2 15.2 -2.7 -2.4 -0.9 -2.3 -3.9 -3.5 -2.1
Loneliness, isolation 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.3
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 2.2 3.4 6.1 -2.5 -1.9 1.9 -2.4 -1.7 -1.5 0.1
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.4 -0.5 0.8 0.0 1.1 -0.3 -1.1
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 0.8 1.3 5.3 0.2 1.2 -0.6 0.6 -2.3 -0.2 -1.3
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 -0.7 1.3 -1.1
Friendships satisfaction 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.7 -0.2 0.9
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 1.8 2.8 5.6 -2.4 -1.3 1.2 -2.1 -1.8 -1.0 -1.6
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.5 0.5 2.3 -0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.7 0.6 -1.5
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 1.6 1.9 3.3 1.5 1.8 -1.8 1.5 -0.3 0.6 1.3
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.7 1.0 3.3 -0.9 -0.7 0.1 -1.0 1.8 0.6 1.1
Medication for cholesterol 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 -0.4
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 5.0 5.9 10.8 -3.3 -2.7 -0.9 -3.1 -2.1 -1.8 -2.2
Back pain experienced in last month 4.0 5.8 10.6 -3.2 -3.2 1.9 -3.2 -0.9 -2.1 -1.1
Mineral and other dietary supplements 2.9 3.9 8.0 2.6 2.8 -0.9 2.5 0.8 1.8 1.2
Breast cancer (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.2 -0.6 -0.5 0.2 -0.7 0.1 -0.7 -1.1
Asthma (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 1.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.2 1.1 0.6
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.2 -0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 2.4 3.2 12.2 -1.0 0.1 -0.8 -0.3 -3.5 -1.6 -2.4
Medication: Aspirin 1.3 1.6 5.5 -0.5 -0.0 -1.6 -0.3 -2.3 -1.6 -0.9
Medication: Gliclazide 1.0 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.7 -0.3 1.3 0.3 0.9 -0.4
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 1.4 1.8 4.8 0.8 0.7 -1.2 0.8 -0.7 2.0 -2.2
Smoking status: Current 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 -0.4 -1.1 -0.4 0.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.5 1.1 2.7 0.7 0.4 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6
Whole body water mass 0.5 3.1 6.1 -2.5 -1.3 0.2 -1.9 -2.3 -2.3 0.0
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.2 0.8 2.0 -0.5 0.6 -1.0 -0.1 -1.0 -1.1 1.4
Arm fat mass (left) 1.4 5.7 20.2 0.7 1.5 -4.5 1.6 -3.0 -1.7 1.4
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.9 1.5 3.3 -1.5 -1.0 -0.1 -1.4 -1.8 -1.3 -0.7
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 1.8 2.5 6.5 1.1 2.1 -0.3 1.2 0.5 2.6 -1.9
Miserableness 2.6 4.5 7.6 -2.5 -1.7 -0.2 -2.3 -2.8 -2.2 -2.2
Guilty feelings 2.1 3.2 7.0 -2.6 -1.6 1.8 -2.4 -1.3 -0.9 -1.2
Wears glasses or contact lenses 1.4 1.7 5.0 1.6 2.2 -0.6 1.7 0.4 0.7 0.1
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.5 0.6 2.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -0.8 -1.4 0.0
Hearing aid user 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.6
Mother’s age at death 0.6 0.7 2.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.2 -0.5 1.3 -1.5
Financial situation satisfaction 2.5 3.1 6.8 -1.4 -2.6 2.4 -2.0 0.6 -1.7 0.6
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.7 0.8 4.9 -0.4 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -2.2 0.0 -0.3
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.3 -0.8 0.5
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.5 0.6 2.6 -0.4 -0.1 1.6 -0.4 0.2 0.7 -0.9
Medication: Blood pressure 0.4 0.8 4.0 -0.2 0.0 -2.0 -0.1 -1.1 -0.3 0.6
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 2.2 2.8 5.7 -2.3 -2.4 1.5 -2.0 -0.7 -1.4 0.3
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 4.1 5.4 13.0 -2.9 -3.6 0.9 -3.0 -0.8 -2.4 -0.6
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.2 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.1 1.3 -0.0 0.9 0.4 0.5
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.1 0.2 1.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.0 -1.1 -0.1 -0.3
Medication: Paracetamol 1.5 2.4 6.1 -1.5 -1.2 -0.4 -1.1 -1.6 -1.8 -2.5
Medication: Lisinopril 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.5 0.6 -0.8 0.5 0.4 0.0 1.4
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.3 0.4 1.9 -0.5 0.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -1.4
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.3 0.4 1.0 -0.6 -0.4 0.8 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 1.0
Alcohol drinker status: Never 1.8 2.2 6.6 -1.5 -1.2 -0.8 -1.1 -2.6 -1.5 1.0
Ever smoked 0.5 0.9 3.2 0.6 -0.1 1.4 0.4 0.6 1.8 -0.5
Basal metabolic rate 0.4 2.5 5.8 -2.0 -0.7 -0.5 -1.4 -2.4 -2.2 0.3
Leg fat percentage (left) 1.3 4.7 15.1 -0.1 0.4 -3.9 0.6 -3.5 -2.2 -0.4
Arm fat-free mass (left) 1.2 6.2 11.4 -3.3 -2.2 0.3 -2.6 -3.4 -2.9 -1.0
Number of operations (self-reported) 0.6 0.8 1.5 -0.9 -1.2 0.7 -1.1 0.2 -1.0 0.8
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.3 -0.1 1.0
Irritability 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.0 -0.2 -0.0 0.2
Risk taking 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.5
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 1.3 1.5 7.5 0.6 0.7 -2.7 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -1.4
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.1 -0.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8
Age started oral contraceptive pill 1.1 1.4 5.8 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 -2.4
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.5 1.5 4.0 -0.8 -1.2 0.1 -0.8 0.7 -1.7 2.0
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.8 1.0 3.2 -1.1 -1.2 0.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.4 -1.8
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.8 1.0 2.6 -1.1 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 -0.2 -1.6 0.5
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 6.2 7.4 11.8 3.4 3.0 -1.7 3.2 2.6 3.2 1.4
Myopia 4.8 7.0 12.0 3.2 2.1 1.8 2.5 3.4 3.5 1.1
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.8 2.1 4.7 1.2 0.7 1.9 0.8 1.9 2.2 -0.7
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 1.0 -0.9
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 1.4 1.6 2.9 -1.3 -1.5 -0.8 -1.4 -1.4 -1.7 0.3
Pain experienced in last month 1.0 1.7 3.1 1.3 1.1 -1.1 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.5
Supplements: Calcium 0.3 0.4 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 -0.2 1.4 -0.2
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.0 0.8 0.2 0.9
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 1.1 1.4 4.9 0.0 0.6 -2.2 0.4 -2.0 -0.4 -0.1
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.8 1.1 1.9 -1.0 -1.1 1.4 -0.9 -0.5 -1.3 -0.8
Heart disease (siblings) 0.8 1.0 2.5 -0.6 -0.9 0.4 -0.8 -0.5 -1.5 1.6
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.3 -0.4 1.4 -0.5 0.8 -0.1
Pack years of smoking 1.5 2.2 4.2 -1.7 -2.0 1.7 -1.9 0.5 -1.2 0.3
Impedance of whole body 0.4 1.9 3.8 1.7 1.1 -0.7 1.4 1.4 1.9 -1.0
Leg fat mass (left) 1.2 4.6 12.5 -0.7 0.2 -3.5 0.2 -3.5 -2.5 0.1
Arm predicted mass (left) 1.1 5.6 10.2 -3.2 -2.0 0.2 -2.6 -3.0 -3.0 -0.6