Hub : Genes

ZSWIM5

Models

# panel tissue h2 h2 se h2 P eQTL R2 BLUP R2 ENET R2 BSLMM R2 LASSO R2 eQTL P BLUP P ENET P BSLMM P LASSO P
1 CommonMind Brain Pre-frontal Cortex 0.0720 0.0250 7.0e-06 0.009 0.038 0.010 0.038 0.018 2.4e-02 1.9e-05 1.9e-02 1.6e-05 2.4e-03
2 GTEx Adipose Subcutaneous 0.1340 0.0440 8.1e-06 0.067 NA 0.095 NA 0.085 4.0e-06 NA 3.5e-08 NA 1.9e-07
3 GTEx Adipose Visceral Omentum 0.1270 0.0430 1.4e-04 0.090 NA 0.059 NA 0.065 2.1e-05 NA 5.2e-04 NA 2.8e-04
4 GTEx Artery Aorta 0.1340 0.0520 1.4e-03 0.054 NA 0.050 NA 0.061 6.4e-04 NA 9.2e-04 NA 2.7e-04
5 GTEx Breast Mammary Tissue 0.1400 0.0670 3.4e-03 0.055 NA 0.020 NA 0.045 8.2e-04 NA 3.1e-02 NA 2.4e-03
6 GTEx Breast Mammary Tissue (Male) 0.1560 0.0865 2.6e-02 0.071 NA 0.016 NA 0.053 9.9e-03 NA 1.3e-01 NA 2.3e-02
7 GTEx Cells Transformed fibroblasts 0.1740 0.0630 1.1e-04 0.031 NA 0.032 NA 0.023 2.2e-03 NA 1.8e-03 NA 7.4e-03
8 GTEx Heart Atrial Appendage 0.1100 0.0550 5.6e-03 0.095 NA 0.028 NA 0.086 4.8e-05 NA 2.1e-02 NA 1.1e-04
9 GTEx Nerve Tibial 0.0763 0.0307 1.6e-03 0.060 NA 0.069 NA 0.068 4.8e-05 NA 1.2e-05 NA 1.4e-05
10 GTEx Pancreas 0.1360 0.0630 4.0e-03 0.017 NA 0.010 NA 0.034 6.4e-02 NA 1.2e-01 NA 1.4e-02
11 GTEx Thyroid 0.1240 0.0610 1.9e-03 0.080 NA 0.069 NA 0.065 1.1e-06 NA 5.9e-06 NA 1.0e-05
12 YFS Blood 0.0343 0.0135 2.1e-04 0.022 0.009 0.011 0.016 0.020 7.9e-08 3.8e-04 1.2e-04 5.2e-06 1.9e-07

Trait associations

Trait Avg chi2 ratio Avg chi2 Max chi2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bipolar Disorder (2018) 0.2 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.3 0.9 0.0 -0.7 0.6 1.2
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia 0.1 0.2 1.9 1.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.7 0.2
Depressed Affect (Nagel 2018) 1.1 2.3 6.2 -1.2 -1.6 -1.7 -1.0 -1.4 -1.5 -2.5 -1.2 -1.6 2.2 -0.7 -0.5
Depression (Nagel 2018) 0.4 0.7 1.7 -0.7 -1.0 -1.1 -0.8 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -1.0 -0.9 1.3 -0.5 -0.4
Intelligence (Savage-Jansen 2018) 0.8 2.6 10.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 -1.5 -1.4 -0.3 3.3 1.1 -1.5 1.6 1.0
Neuroticism (Nagel 2018) 0.6 1.4 3.1 -1.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.0 -1.5 -1.6 -0.7 -0.8 -1.8 0.3 -1.0 0.7
Schizophrenia (2018) 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.6 -0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.7
Schizophrenia vs Biploar Disorder 0.6 0.8 2.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.0 -0.7 1.0 -1.5 -0.5
Worry (Nagel 2018) 0.4 0.9 1.9 -0.4 -1.0 -1.0 -0.6 -1.2 -1.2 -0.9 -1.0 -1.4 0.3 -0.9 0.3
Alzheimer’s Disease (in mother) 0.6 0.7 1.7 -0.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6 0.9 -1.3 -1.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.2
Alzheimer’s Disease (in father) 0.5 0.6 2.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -1.5 -1.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 -1.0
Alzheimer’s Disease (including proxy) 0.3 0.4 2.3 -0.1 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 -1.5 -0.5 0.5 0.2 -0.9
Crohns Disease (2017) 2.8 6.1 12.3 -1.8 -3.0 -3.0 -2.8 -3.4 -3.5 -1.3 -1.8 -2.6 -0.5 -2.7 1.3
Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) 2.1 5.0 11.8 -0.6 -2.6 -2.6 -2.6 -2.8 -2.9 -1.3 -0.7 -3.4 0.4 -2.9 0.3
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) 1.2 2.3 8.5 0.7 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 -1.7 -1.7 -0.8 0.3 -2.9 1.1 -1.9 -0.4
Major Depression (MDD) 0.4 0.5 2.1 -0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.0 -1.4 0.3 1.1
Reaction Time 0.8 1.5 4.8 0.4 -1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -2.2 -2.2 -0.4 -0.7 -1.3 1.2 -1.3 0.1
Verbal and Numeric Reasoning (VNR) 0.7 1.8 9.7 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 -1.4 -1.3 0.0 3.1 0.7 -1.1 0.7 1.1
Breast Cancer 1.4 3.4 11.0 2.5 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -3.0 -2.8 -1.8 3.3 -1.3 1.0 0.7 -0.5
Ovarian Cancer 0.6 0.8 2.3 -0.4 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.3 0.8 0.7 -0.9 1.1 0.1
Prostate Cancer 1.3 1.8 6.0 -0.9 -1.6 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -1.1 -1.2 -2.5 -1.2 0.9 -1.7 -0.1
Age at First Birth 0.4 0.6 1.8 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -1.3 -1.3 -0.3 0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.2 0.7
Bipolar Disorder (2011) 0.7 0.7 2.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 -1.4 -1.1 -0.5 1.7
Body Mass Index (BMI) (2010) 0.3 0.4 1.6 -1.3 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 -0.8 0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.3
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 0.6 0.7 2.3 -0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.3 1.5 1.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2
Crohns Disease (2012) 2.4 3.9 9.1 -1.6 -2.2 -2.2 -2.0 -2.9 -3.0 -1.9 -1.3 -2.0 -0.3 -1.7 0.6
Mean Putamen Volume 0.4 0.5 1.2 -0.2 -0.9 -1.0 -1.1 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.9 -0.5 -0.8 0.4
Fasting Glucose 3.0 3.6 7.2 -2.7 -2.2 -2.2 -2.7 1.1 0.8 -0.0 -2.4 -1.7 -1.4 -2.0 1.6
HbA1C 2.2 2.5 6.7 -2.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.5 0.7 0.6 2.0 -1.0 -0.9 -2.6 -1.9 2.0
HDL Cholesterol 0.2 0.4 1.3 -0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 -0.3 0.4 -1.0 0.2 0.1
LDL Cholesterol 0.8 1.2 1.9 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 -0.8 0.6 0.3
Lupus 0.8 1.2 3.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 2.0 1.4 -1.1 1.1 0.9
Neuroticism (2016) 0.5 0.7 3.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -1.7 -1.7 -0.3 0.9 -1.0 -0.5 0.7 0.2
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 2.0 2.8 10.5 -1.7 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.0 -0.9 -0.9 -2.3 -1.1 3.2
Rheumatoid Arthritis 0.5 0.7 1.9 -0.6 -1.0 -0.9 -0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 -1.2 -0.5 -0.6 -1.1 1.4
Schizophrenia (2014) 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.2
Triglycerides 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.4
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2012) 1.8 2.1 6.8 -2.3 -1.9 -1.6 -1.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 -2.6 -1.5 0.3 -1.5 -0.1
Ulcerative Colitis 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 1.4 -1.5 0.4 -0.9 -0.3
Blood Eosinophil Count 0.2 1.2 5.4 -2.3 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.8 -1.6 0.1 2.1 -0.9 -0.1
Blood Platelet Count 4.5 52.6 246.5 -10.1 -8.9 -7.8 -7.7 1.4 0.5 -1.2 -15.7 -3.6 4.2 -6.9 -1.5
Blood Red Count 0.7 6.3 25.3 3.4 2.4 1.8 2.5 -2.3 -1.9 -1.3 5.0 -2.7 2.0 0.2 -1.3
Blood White Count 1.3 9.3 30.2 -1.6 -2.7 -2.7 -2.0 -1.4 -1.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.2 5.5 -3.6 -2.1
Heel T-Score 1.1 8.9 19.6 2.3 4.3 3.9 4.1 2.3 2.7 1.3 4.4 2.2 -1.3 3.1 -1.4
BMI 0.3 1.6 4.7 -1.8 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0 1.2 1.0 1.4 -0.9 1.5 -2.2 0.1 1.7
Height 0.8 16.3 42.5 -2.0 -4.3 -4.7 -4.3 -4.5 -4.7 -2.7 0.1 -6.5 -0.2 -4.3 4.7
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) 1.7 7.5 16.1 4.0 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.2 2.4 0.1 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.4 -3.4
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.4 1.9 9.3 -1.6 -0.4 -0.0 -0.2 1.6 1.6 2.1 -3.0 0.7 -0.8 -0.1 -0.7
Smoking Status 0.5 1.2 7.8 -0.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 1.3 1.3 -0.3 -2.8 0.6 1.0 0.3 -0.7
Allergy or Eczema 0.4 1.0 3.1 -1.4 0.1 0.2 -0.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.7
Cardiovascular Disease 0.4 1.3 5.6 -1.0 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -2.4 0.4 2.2 0.3 -1.9
Hypothyroidism (self reported) 0.7 1.6 5.4 -2.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 -0.8 0.3 -1.9 -0.6 2.2
Respiratory disease 1.7 3.7 10.5 1.3 2.3 2.6 2.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.9 2.2 3.2 0.5 2.5 -1.6
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2018) 0.5 1.0 4.0 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.9 2.0 0.4 -1.0 1.1 -0.1 0.6 -0.1
Lung FEV1/FVC ratio 2.1 10.6 24.5 -4.9 -3.2 -2.8 -3.5 0.8 0.4 3.3 -3.9 -1.1 -5.0 -1.9 4.1
Lung FVC 0.8 4.1 9.9 -2.2 -2.4 -2.5 -2.1 -0.6 -0.7 -0.9 -2.7 -3.1 0.3 -2.8 0.9
Neuroticism 0.7 1.7 6.0 0.1 -0.6 -0.9 -0.2 -2.2 -2.2 -2.5 0.2 -1.6 0.7 0.1 -0.4
Chronotype (morning person) 0.7 1.7 5.4 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8 2.3 1.1 0.3 1.4 -0.8
Hair Pigment 0.2 5.0 6.9 -1.5 -2.6 -2.6 -2.3 -2.5 -2.6 -2.4 -2.6 -2.2 1.8 -2.2 -0.9
Tanning 0.0 0.4 1.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.4 1.0 0.9 1.1 -0.5 -0.0 -1.1 -0.1 0.9
Hand grip strength (left) 0.3 0.8 5.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.9 -0.1 -1.5 0.4 2.3
Number of treatments/medications taken 1.7 3.0 8.3 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.2 2.9 2.9 2.2 -0.7 2.1 -0.5 1.1 -0.7
Average weekly spirits intake 1.6 2.0 6.0 -0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 2.2 2.1 2.0 0.4 0.8 -2.5 0.5 1.2
Sensitivity / hurt feelings 0.7 1.3 4.0 -0.3 -0.9 -1.0 -0.8 -1.5 -1.6 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 -2.0 -0.3 1.8
Frequency of depressed mood in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.6 -1.2 -0.7 0.4 -0.4 -0.1
Hearing difficulty/problems: Yes 1.6 2.5 11.8 1.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 -1.9 -1.8 -1.8 3.4 0.3 0.7 1.1 -0.5
Relative age of first facial hair 1.3 2.7 6.2 -1.9 -2.0 -2.3 -1.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -1.9 -2.5 1.6 -1.4 -0.2
Other serious medical condition/disability diagnosed by doctor 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.8 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.5 -0.3 0.2 0.7
Ever used hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) 1.1 1.4 3.5 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.9 -0.8 1.6 0.1
Ever had hysterectomy (womb removed) 0.4 0.5 2.7 -1.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.7 0.7 0.2 -1.6 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.4
Systolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.6 1.7 5.7 -0.9 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.6 1.5 2.4 -1.6 1.8 -1.1 0.8 -0.8
Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease 0.7 0.7 2.7 1.0 0.1 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -1.6 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.4 -1.2
Angina 0.4 0.5 1.6 -0.4 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.2 1.3 0.0 0.7 -0.8
Medication for hormone replacement therapy 0.5 0.5 2.2 -0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.1
Vitamin and mineral supplements 3.0 4.0 10.8 -0.2 -1.7 -1.7 -1.1 -3.2 -3.3 -2.8 -0.2 -1.6 2.6 -1.5 -0.7
Supplements: Zinc 0.4 0.5 2.5 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.6 -1.6 -0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.2
Medication: Co-codamol 0.3 0.4 1.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -1.1 -0.0 1.2
Medication: Metformin 2.0 2.8 8.0 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.5 0.1 1.4 2.8 0.1 2.2 -0.8
Diabetes (father) 0.7 0.8 3.9 -2.0 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 0.7 0.6 1.4 -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 -0.8 0.6
Diabetes (mother) 1.1 1.4 3.6 0.2 -1.3 -1.1 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.4 -1.4 -0.5 1.9 -1.2 -1.0
Severe depression (siblings) 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.9 -0.3
Pack years adult smoking proportion 0.3 0.5 2.2 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 1.5 1.3 -0.2 -0.7 0.7 -0.8 0.2 0.2
Impedance of leg (right) 0.1 0.7 1.8 -0.5 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.8 1.2 -0.6 0.2 1.3 -0.9 -1.3
Leg fat-free mass (left) 0.3 1.7 7.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 0.5 -0.8 -1.7 -0.7 2.6
Trunk fat percentage 0.4 1.6 5.5 -2.3 -0.9 -0.5 -1.0 1.1 0.8 1.4 -1.2 0.9 -1.6 -0.6 1.8
Hand grip strength (right) 0.2 0.7 3.1 -0.0 0.2 -0.0 -0.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 -0.1 -1.5 0.4 1.8
Townsend deprivation index at recruitment 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.8 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.8 0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.4 0.3
Current tobacco smoking 0.8 1.4 3.5 -0.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.8 1.7 -0.6 -1.9 1.9 0.7 1.1 -1.1
Average weekly fortified wine intake 2.5 2.9 4.9 0.3 1.5 1.5 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.5 -1.9 2.1 1.4
Maternal smoking around birth 1.8 2.6 6.8 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.2 -0.6 -0.4 2.4 2.3 1.3 -2.6
Fed-up feelings 1.1 2.0 5.9 -1.4 -1.7 -1.7 -1.1 -1.0 -1.2 -2.4 -1.6 -1.5 1.1 -0.6 -0.1
Frequency of unenthusiasm / disinterest in last 2 weeks 0.3 0.5 1.2 -0.8 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.8 -1.1 -0.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.6
Relative age voice broke 1.5 2.3 4.5 -1.1 -1.6 -1.9 -1.4 -1.0 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 -2.1 2.0 -1.8 -0.8
Taking other prescription medications 0.2 0.3 1.3 -0.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 -0.9 1.2 -0.2 0.3 0.1
Age when periods started (menarche) 0.9 2.2 6.6 -2.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 -2.0 -1.7 0.1 -2.6 0.6
Bilateral oophorectomy (both ovaries removed) 1.8 2.1 7.2 -2.7 -1.5 -1.1 -1.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 -1.6 -0.2 -1.6 -1.7 1.9
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (left) 3.9 8.8 16.6 2.6 4.1 3.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 0.2 3.6 3.2 -0.3 3.8 -2.2
Tinnitus: Yes, but not now, but have in the past 2.1 2.2 7.2 -1.2 -1.6 -1.3 -1.3 -1.5 -1.6 -2.7 -1.4 -0.5 1.8 -1.4 -0.7
Qualifications: CSEs or equivalent 0.5 0.6 2.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -1.0 -1.0 -0.4 -1.6 0.3 0.9 -0.2 -1.0
Serious illness, injury or assault to yourself 0.5 0.6 2.1 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.5 -0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.5 -0.8
High blood pressure 0.8 2.1 8.9 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.4 -1.5 0.2 3.0 0.3 -3.0
Hayfever, allergic rhinitis or eczema 0.2 0.5 1.9 -1.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 -0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.5 0.4
Multivitamins +/- minerals 3.5 4.4 12.3 0.4 1.8 1.9 1.4 3.5 3.5 2.8 0.2 1.8 -2.4 1.6 0.4
Stomach or abdominal pain in last month 2.3 2.8 5.8 0.8 1.8 2.0 2.3 0.5 0.6 -0.9 1.0 2.3 1.4 2.2 -2.4
Supplements: Glucosamine 1.4 1.8 5.3 -2.3 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0 1.6 1.4 1.8 -1.6 0.6 -1.5 0.4 1.1
Diverticular disease/diverticulitis (self-reported) 1.7 2.0 4.8 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.5 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.7 -2.0
Medication: Atenolol 0.2 0.3 0.7 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.8 0.2 0.8
Medication: Levothyroxine sodium 0.5 0.9 3.4 -1.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 1.1 0.9 0.2 -0.5 0.8 -1.8 -0.2 1.7
Sitting height 0.9 6.4 21.6 -1.9 -2.6 -3.0 -2.4 -2.8 -2.9 -1.6 -0.3 -4.7 1.0 -2.5 2.1
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (father) 1.1 1.3 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.1 1.5 -1.2
High blood pressure (mother) 0.7 1.0 4.2 -0.3 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.2 -0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 -2.0
Body mass index (BMI) 0.3 1.2 3.6 -1.7 -0.9 -0.7 -1.0 0.8 0.5 0.8 -1.0 1.0 -1.9 -0.1 1.5
Impedance of leg (left) 0.1 0.5 1.7 -0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.3 -0.3 0.4 0.7 -0.6 -0.8
Leg predicted mass (left) 0.3 1.7 7.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 0.5 -0.9 -1.7 -0.7 2.6
Trunk fat mass 0.5 2.2 7.5 -2.7 -1.4 -1.1 -1.5 0.8 0.5 1.3 -1.1 0.4 -1.9 -0.8 2.3
Waist circumference 0.4 1.4 5.4 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.0 2.3 -1.4 1.1 0.7
Number of incorrect matches in round 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.5 0.2 -0.3
Past tobacco smoking 0.4 0.7 2.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 -1.3 -1.2 0.1 1.7 0.1 -0.9 0.1 0.3
Alcohol usually taken with meals 2.3 3.7 9.3 -2.9 -1.9 -2.3 -2.3 0.2 0.0 1.0 -1.1 -3.0 -0.4 -2.4 2.1
Nervous feelings 0.5 1.0 2.6 0.5 -1.1 -1.2 -0.8 -1.5 -1.4 -0.9 -0.5 -1.6 -0.3 -0.3 0.6
Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.6 0.3
Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise 0.2 0.3 1.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 0.4 -1.2 -0.6 -0.7 0.8
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 2 0.6 0.7 2.7 0.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -1.6 -1.6 -0.6 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.2 -0.6
Had menopause 3.5 4.4 11.4 3.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.2 2.4 1.3 1.0 3.0 -2.1
Had other major operations 0.3 0.3 1.9 -1.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.7 -0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.1 0.7
Forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.9 3.5 8.5 -2.4 -2.1 -2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.5 -1.6 -1.2 -2.9 0.2 -2.1 1.7
Heel bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, automated (right) 1.6 3.7 6.9 1.3 2.6 2.5 2.5 1.7 2.0 0.1 2.2 2.1 -0.2 2.3 -1.6
Ever unenthusiastic/disinterested for a whole week 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 -0.0 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.2
Qualifications: None of the above 0.1 0.2 0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.0 -0.3 -0.6 0.6 -0.0 -0.8 0.5
Financial difficulties in last 2 years 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.7 0.9 -0.8 0.5 0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems 2.8 4.4 8.3 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.4 -1.1 -0.8 -1.8 2.3 1.7 2.5 2.7 -2.9
Heart attack 0.7 0.8 1.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 -0.8 0.5 -0.5
Allergy 0.3 0.6 2.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -0.4 -1.4 -0.4 -0.6 0.2
Pain all over the body in last month 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.4
Diabetes (self-reported) 1.1 1.7 6.7 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 -0.2 -0.1 2.6 -0.1 1.5 0.1
Hayfever/allergic rhinitis (self-reported) 2.2 2.9 8.6 0.1 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.9 1.2 2.2 -1.0 1.4 0.1
Medication: Ramipril 1.1 1.4 3.0 -0.8 -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 -1.4 -1.7 -1.1 -1.1 1.2
Medication: Simvastatin 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 -0.9 0.5 -0.7 -0.1 0.9
Fluid intelligence score 0.9 1.9 7.4 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 -0.4 -0.3 0.4 2.7 1.0 -0.4 1.5 0.2
Illnesses of siblings 0.6 0.8 2.2 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.7 1.1 1.5 0.5 1.1 -0.6
Neuroticism score 0.8 1.7 5.0 -0.7 -1.3 -1.3 -0.7 -2.2 -2.2 -1.7 -0.9 -1.5 -0.3 -0.3 0.6
Weight 0.4 2.0 6.8 -2.1 -1.6 -1.5 -1.7 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -1.9 -1.0 2.6
Impedance of arm (right) 0.1 0.6 3.3 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 -1.1 -0.0 -0.5 1.8 -0.7 -1.1
Arm fat percentage (right) 0.3 1.1 3.4 -1.8 -0.7 -0.4 -0.7 1.2 1.0 0.8 -1.1 1.0 -1.5 -0.2 1.1
Trunk fat-free mass 0.4 2.1 7.2 -1.4 -1.5 -1.7 -1.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 0.4 -1.2 -1.9 -1.1 2.7
Hip circumference 0.5 2.0 8.1 -2.0 -0.6 -0.4 -1.0 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.6 1.1 -2.9 -0.1 2.8
Time employed in main current job 3.5 4.0 10.9 -0.6 -1.7 -1.7 -1.0 -2.8 -2.9 -2.8 -0.7 -1.4 3.3 -0.9 -1.8
Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously 2.4 3.6 9.1 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.9 1.0 2.0 -2.3
Father’s age at death 0.3 0.4 1.4 -1.2 -0.7 -0.8 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -1.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.6
Worrier / anxious feelings 0.3 0.6 2.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 -1.4 -1.4 -0.2 -1.4 -0.7 -0.4 -0.2 -0.5
Frequency of tiredness / lethargy in last 2 weeks 0.2 0.3 1.1 -1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 -0.6 -0.4 0.3 -0.4 0.1 0.2
Falls in the last year 2.1 2.8 5.5 1.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 -0.1 0.8 2.0 -0.2 2.3 -0.9
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 3 0.4 0.6 2.1 -0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -1.4 0.7 1.4 -0.1 -1.5
Number of live births 1.1 1.5 5.6 -0.0 -1.6 -1.3 -1.5 -0.6 -0.8 -2.4 -1.7 -1.1 0.6 -0.8 -0.1
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) 1.8 6.2 13.1 -3.6 -3.0 -3.0 -2.7 -1.0 -1.2 -0.4 -2.9 -3.5 -0.9 -2.6 2.3
Pulse rate 2.0 3.3 12.8 2.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 -1.1 -0.9 -1.9 1.0 0.7 3.6 1.0 -2.9
Happiness 1.4 1.7 4.5 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 -0.8 -0.6 -1.8 0.3 0.9 1.9 1.6 -2.1
Noisy workplace 0.4 0.5 1.4 -1.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 0.3 -0.9 0.2 1.1 -0.9 0.9 1.1
Qualifications: A levels/AS levels or equivalent 0.7 1.5 4.4 0.7 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 2.1 0.5 0.5 1.2 -0.7
Serious illness, injury or assault of a close relative in last 2 years 4.2 4.8 8.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.4 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.7 2.6 0.6 2.7 -2.1
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures 0.8 1.4 4.2 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 0.4 0.3 0.8 -2.1 -0.9 -1.6 -1.9 1.5
Asthma 1.0 2.0 5.1 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.3 1.2 2.3 0.9 1.6 -2.0
Medication: Ibuprofen (e.g. Nurofen) 1.2 1.5 5.3 -0.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.4 -1.7 -1.1 -1.5 2.3 -1.3 -0.9
Medication: Cholesterol lowering 0.4 0.7 2.4 -0.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 -1.6 -1.0 -0.1 -1.1 0.3
Depression (self-reported) 0.9 1.1 5.3 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.6 -0.5 -1.1 -0.2 0.3 2.1 0.4 -2.3
Medication: Lansoprazole 0.6 0.6 2.0 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 0.3 1.0 1.1 -0.8 1.4 0.6
Prospective memory result 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.4 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.5 -1.0
Lung cancer (father) 1.2 1.4 4.7 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.1 -1.0 0.1 2.2 1.4 1.2 -2.0
Illnesses of mother 0.5 0.6 2.0 1.0 0.1 -0.0 0.3 -1.4 -1.3 -1.3 0.9 -0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), Best measure 1.7 5.3 9.3 -3.1 -2.7 -2.8 -2.6 -1.1 -1.2 -0.1 -1.9 -3.0 -1.3 -2.7 2.8
Pulse wave Arterial Stiffness index 1.0 1.2 2.4 -1.2 -1.4 -1.5 -1.4 0.9 0.7 -0.5 -1.5 -0.8 0.1 -0.8 1.0
Impedance of arm (left) 0.2 0.8 4.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5 -0.7 0.3 -0.1 2.0 -0.2 -1.4
Arm fat mass (right) 0.4 1.6 4.8 -2.0 -0.9 -0.7 -1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9 -0.8 0.8 -2.2 -0.4 2.1
Trunk predicted mass 0.3 2.0 6.6 -1.4 -1.5 -1.7 -1.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 0.3 -1.1 -1.8 -1.0 2.6
Standing height 0.3 3.2 8.7 -1.2 -1.6 -1.9 -1.8 -1.7 -1.7 -1.0 1.1 -3.0 0.0 -2.1 2.5
Length of working week for main job 0.9 1.0 3.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.2 -1.8 -1.6 -0.4 1.3 -0.7 -0.2
Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 1.9 2.1 10.2 -0.5 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.8 1.7 -3.2 0.3 2.8
Breastfed as a baby 1.2 1.4 4.5 -0.1 1.1 1.2 0.9 2.1 2.1 1.2 0.9 1.3 -0.6 0.8 -0.1
Tense / ‘highly strung’ 0.7 1.2 2.1 -0.9 -1.1 -1.0 -0.7 -1.2 -1.3 -0.1 -1.2 -1.5 -1.2 -1.1 1.1
Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.7 0.0 -0.5
Hair/balding pattern: Pattern 4 0.2 0.5 2.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 1.4 0.2 -1.4
Birth weight of first child 0.8 1.4 4.5 0.8 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 -2.0 -2.0 -2.1 0.0 -1.2 0.7 -0.7 0.3
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) 0.5 1.2 3.6 -1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.2 1.2 1.7 -0.5 0.4 -1.9 0.6 1.3
Pulse wave reflection index 1.2 1.5 3.8 -1.8 -1.2 -1.1 -1.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 -1.5 -0.5 -1.9 -0.6 2.0
Ever highly irritable/argumentative for 2 days 0.2 0.2 1.3 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.5 -1.2 -0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1
Loud music exposure frequency 0.7 0.8 2.7 -0.1 0.5 0.7 0.6 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 1.2 1.6 -1.0 1.3 0.5
Qualifications: O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 -0.2 -0.7 0.5 0.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Bleeding gums 3.3 4.3 8.0 -2.4 -2.8 -2.8 -2.7 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 -2.7 -2.1 -0.7 -2.6 1.9
Blood clot in the leg (DVT) 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.1 1.1 -0.7 0.5 -0.3
Medication: Paracetamol 0.9 1.6 2.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.1 1.6 0.2 1.4 -1.4
Headache pain in last month 0.5 0.8 2.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 -0.6 -0.7 1.4 1.5 1.1 -1.4
Medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes 0.6 0.9 4.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.2 2.0 0.6 -0.7 0.5 0.8
Glaucoma (self-reported) 0.8 0.9 3.4 -1.9 -1.0 -0.8 -0.7 -0.3 -0.4 -0.7 -1.6 0.1 -0.1 -1.0 1.1
Gout (self-reported) 0.6 0.9 2.3 -0.2 0.5 0.6 0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5 0.6 1.2 1.5 1.3 -0.9
Hypothyroidism/myxoedema (self-reported) 0.6 1.2 6.0 -1.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.8 0.6 1.3 -0.2 1.0 -2.4 -0.3 2.0
Medication: Amlodipine 1.1 1.5 5.7 1.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.3 -0.6 -1.0 2.4 -0.8 -2.3
Medication: Ventolin 100micrograms inhaler 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 1.1 -0.1 0.8 -1.0
Birth weight 0.5 1.1 6.6 -0.5 -1.0 -0.9 -0.6 -0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -1.1 -1.5 -1.0 2.6
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema (mother) 1.4 1.6 2.9 -1.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.3 -0.6 -0.7 -1.6 -1.7 -1.3 1.6 -1.1 -0.7
High blood pressure (siblings) 0.8 1.2 3.5 -1.8 -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 0.6 0.5 1.0 -1.9 -1.1 -0.5 -0.8 0.6
Forced vital capacity (FVC), Best measure 1.0 3.8 8.4 -2.1 -2.2 -2.3 -2.1 -1.4 -1.5 -1.1 -0.9 -2.9 -0.6 -2.6 2.5
Body fat percentage 0.4 1.7 5.6 -2.4 -0.8 -0.4 -0.9 1.3 1.0 1.5 -1.3 1.1 -1.6 -0.5 1.5
Leg fat percentage (right) 0.6 2.3 8.7 -3.0 -1.3 -0.9 -1.3 1.3 0.9 1.6 -2.1 1.0 -1.5 -0.7 1.2
Arm fat-free mass (right) 0.4 1.9 8.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 -1.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 0.5 -0.5 -2.4 -0.5 2.9
Exposure to tobacco smoke outside home 0.5 0.6 2.6 -1.6 -0.9 -0.8 -0.5 0.6 0.5 -0.2 -1.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.4
Comparative body size at age 10 0.5 1.4 5.5 -0.8 0.0 0.2 -0.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 -0.6 1.0 -2.4 0.3 1.8
Number of full brothers 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.7 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -0.4 1.2 -0.8 -1.1
Worry too long after embarrassment 1.8 3.0 6.9 -0.8 -1.7 -1.8 -1.7 -1.8 -1.9 0.8 -0.2 -2.6 -1.9 -1.3 2.6
Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression 0.3 0.4 0.9 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.9 0.9 1.0 0.6 -0.5
Wheeze or whistling in the chest in last year 2.6 4.6 16.1 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.7 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 4.0 0.6 2.9 -2.5
Number of children fathered 0.3 0.4 3.4 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.0 0.1 -0.2 -1.9 -0.2 0.2 -0.0 -0.4
Reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk: Health precaution 1.9 2.2 5.2 -0.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.2 -2.2 -2.2 -1.5 -0.9 -2.3 1.0 -1.1 -0.7
Age at first live birth 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 0.1 -1.1 0.5 -0.7 -0.2
Pulse wave peak to peak time 1.0 1.1 2.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 -1.0 -0.7 0.4 1.6 0.7 0.0 0.8 -1.0
Health satisfaction 0.6 0.8 3.0 -0.0 0.6 0.5 1.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 -1.0
Shortness of breath walking on level ground 0.8 0.9 4.5 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 2.1 0.8 0.3 1.2 -0.5
Qualifications: College or University degree 0.9 2.9 13.4 2.1 1.7 1.1 1.4 -1.3 -0.9 -0.7 3.7 -0.4 1.7 1.5 -1.7
Eye problems/disorders: None of the above 2.2 2.5 8.2 -2.5 -1.6 -1.6 -1.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 -1.0 -1.2 -1.7 -1.6 2.9
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Loose teeth 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.5 -0.9 -0.7 -0.9 0.2 0.1 0.5 -1.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 0.5
Emphysema/chronic bronchitis 0.2 0.2 1.0 -0.8 -0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 -1.0 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.1
Medication for pain relief, constipation, heartburn 0.7 1.2 3.2 -0.9 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 -1.8 -1.8 -1.6 -0.1 -1.0 1.3 -0.4 -0.6
Neck or shoulder pain in last month 0.8 1.1 5.2 -0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -1.3 -0.9 1.0 1.9 0.6 -2.3
Medication: Blood pressure 0.6 1.1 4.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 -2.1 -1.0 1.4 -0.9 -1.3
Angina (self-reported) 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.8 -0.2 1.0 0.1 0.4 -0.7
Migraine (self-reported) 1.5 1.9 4.6 -2.0 -1.8 -1.6 -1.7 0.3 0.0 0.2 -2.2 -0.8 -1.0 -0.9 1.6
Medication: Ibuprofen 1.6 1.9 9.4 0.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 -1.9 -1.1 -1.2 3.1 -0.6 -2.1
Medication: Allopurinol 0.8 1.1 2.3 -0.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.4 -0.6 0.6 1.5 1.5 1.1 -1.3
Medication: Omeprazole 0.7 0.8 4.0 -0.2 -0.0 0.1 -0.0 0.4 0.4 2.0 -0.5 0.3 -2.0 -0.1 1.1
Medication: Seretide 50 evohaler 3.2 3.7 7.5 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 2.3 2.7 1.0 1.7 -2.1
Mean time to correctly identify matches 1.4 2.7 8.5 0.3 -1.6 -1.5 -1.2 -2.9 -2.9 -1.1 -0.4 -1.9 1.5 -1.4 0.2
Heart disease (mother) 0.8 1.0 3.1 -0.7 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.0 0.4 -1.4 0.3 1.0
Reproduciblity of spirometry measurement using ERS/ATS criteria 0.8 0.9 2.5 -0.3 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.6 -0.9 1.6 0.2 1.0 -0.7
Whole body fat mass 0.5 2.0 6.5 -2.5 -1.3 -1.0 -1.4 0.8 0.5 1.3 -1.0 0.5 -2.1 -0.7 2.2
Leg fat mass (right) 0.6 2.2 8.1 -2.8 -1.6 -1.3 -1.7 0.7 0.4 1.0 -1.4 0.4 -1.8 -0.8 1.9
Arm predicted mass (right) 0.4 1.9 8.8 -1.4 -1.2 -1.3 -1.5 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 0.7 -0.6 -2.3 -0.5 3.0
Pulse rate, automated reading 2.4 7.6 36.6 3.2 0.4 0.4 0.9 -2.2 -2.0 -3.2 0.2 -0.3 6.0 0.7 -4.8
Alcohol intake frequency. 1.2 2.8 5.6 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.2 -0.6 -0.4 -1.0 1.5 1.9 0.6 1.9 -1.8
Comparative height size at age 10 0.3 1.5 8.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 -0.8 2.9 0.3 -1.1 0.5 1.4
Number of full sisters 2.0 2.4 4.3 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 -2.0
Suffer from ‘nerves’ 0.6 1.0 4.1 -0.8 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8 0.2 -0.0 0.6 -2.0 0.2 -1.2 -0.4 1.6
Overall health rating 0.8 1.7 6.5 -1.0 -1.3 -1.0 -0.3 -1.5 -1.6 -2.6 -1.7 0.5 1.3 -0.1 -0.4
Chest pain or discomfort 0.7 1.0 2.9 -0.5 1.0 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.0 -0.5 1.3 -0.3 1.7 -0.6
Had major operations 1.4 1.6 6.0 -1.4 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 1.9 1.7 0.5 -2.5 0.2 1.0 -0.4 -0.7
Age at last live birth 0.9 1.3 3.7 -0.1 -1.3 -1.4 -1.3 -1.0 -1.0 -1.9 -0.7 -1.3 1.3 -0.8 -0.3
Family relationship satisfaction 2.0 2.5 4.9 -0.6 -2.1 -2.2 -1.8 -1.3 -1.5 -1.6 -1.7 -1.9 0.1 -1.4 1.5
Leg pain on walking 1.2 1.5 3.3 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.3 -1.5 -1.7 -0.8 -0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.8 1.6
Qualifications: NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 1.5 1.8 3.5 -1.1 -1.4 -1.3 -1.5 1.1 0.9 1.2 -1.9 -0.9 -1.1 -1.5 1.6
Commuting to job workplace: Car/motor vehicle 0.6 0.6 2.2 -1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -1.2 -1.2 -1.5 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.1 -0.5
Illness, injury, bereavement, stress in last 2 years 0.1 0.2 0.8 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.0 -0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.9
Medication: Aspirin 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.7 -1.1 0.8 0.6
Supplements: Vitamin C 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.9 -0.6 0.7 -0.1
Knee pain experienced in last month 0.5 0.8 2.1 -1.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6 1.4 1.1 0.1 -0.2 0.8 -0.9 -0.6 1.4
Hypertension (Self-reported) 0.6 1.5 7.5 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 -1.5 0.4 2.6 0.3 -2.7
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (gord) / gastric reflux (Self-reported) 2.4 2.8 7.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 0.3 2.7 -1.4
Illnesses of father: Heart disease 0.7 1.0 4.6 -0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2.2 -0.3 -0.7 -2.1 -0.7 1.1
Illnesses of siblings: Diabetes 0.7 0.9 2.1 -0.5 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.9 -1.4 -0.4 -0.2 -1.2 0.9
Smoking status: Previous 0.2 0.3 1.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 -1.0 -0.6 0.7 -0.2 -0.0
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.7 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Whole body fat-free mass 0.4 2.1 8.5 -1.4 -1.4 -1.6 -1.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 0.6 -1.0 -2.0 -0.9 2.9
Leg fat-free mass (right) 0.3 1.8 8.3 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -0.8 -0.9 -0.6 0.9 -0.8 -1.9 -0.4 2.9
Arm fat percentage (left) 0.3 1.2 3.4 -1.8 -0.5 -0.2 -0.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 -1.0 1.2 -1.5 0.0 1.2
Average weekly red wine intake 1.5 2.2 5.3 -1.9 -1.4 -1.6 -1.6 0.3 0.2 0.5 -2.1 -1.2 -1.5 -1.6 2.3
Handedness (chirality/laterality): Left-handed 0.9 1.1 3.4 -0.2 -0.9 -1.1 -0.8 -1.4 -1.3 -0.3 -0.9 -1.8 -0.0 -1.6 0.0
Mood swings 0.4 0.7 3.1 -1.8 -1.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -1.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.8 0.6
Loneliness, isolation 1.2 1.7 5.8 0.9 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 -2.4 -2.4 -2.4 -0.1 -0.4 1.4 0.3 -0.7
Long-standing illness, disability or infirmity 1.0 1.5 6.7 -0.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.4 2.6 -0.7 1.8 0.1
Ever had bowel cancer screening 0.8 0.9 4.6 0.1 -0.0 -0.0 0.3 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 2.2 -0.0 -1.7
Diabetes diagnosed by doctor 1.0 1.6 4.8 0.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 2.2 2.2 0.6 -0.3 2.0 -0.4 1.2 0.4
Ever had stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage or termination 2.2 2.4 6.6 2.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3 1.9 1.9 0.6 2.0 -0.9
Friendships satisfaction 0.9 1.1 3.2 1.4 -0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 0.2 1.8 -0.9 -1.8 -0.2 1.7
Qualifications: nursing, teaching 0.6 0.9 2.2 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.1 1.0 1.2 -1.5
Commuting to job workplace: Walk 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -1.0 0.5 0.5 -0.5
Eye problems/disorders: Cataract 0.7 0.8 2.7 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 1.1 -0.2 1.1 0.3 -1.6
Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.4 -1.1 -1.1 -1.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -1.2 0.5 -0.7 -0.0
Medication for cholesterol 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 -0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.8 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.1
Medication: Laxatives (e.g. Dulcolax, Senokot) 0.3 0.4 0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 -0.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 0.9
Back pain experienced in last month 0.3 0.5 1.4 -1.1 -0.3 -0.0 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7 0.3 0.3 0.8 -1.2 0.9 0.7
Mineral and other dietary supplements 1.5 2.0 4.8 1.3 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3 -2.2 -2.1 -2.0 2.1 -0.6 1.8 -0.6 -0.5
Breast cancer (self-reported) 2.2 2.7 6.5 -1.9 -2.1 -2.1 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -0.7 -2.5 -1.3 0.6 -1.2 0.4
Asthma (self-reported) 0.9 1.9 5.6 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.4 1.2 2.4 0.8 1.5 -1.8
Osteoporosis (self-reported) 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.6 0.0
Osteoarthritis (self-reported) 0.5 0.7 3.2 -0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -1.2 -0.6 1.0 1.8 0.4 -0.8
Medication: Aspirin 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.8 0.9 0.4
Medication: Gliclazide 0.4 0.4 1.0 -0.6 -0.9 -1.0 -1.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.8
Illnesses of father: None of the above (group 1) 1.4 1.7 8.1 1.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -2.8 0.4 0.6 2.6 0.6 -1.8
Smoking status: Current 0.6 1.0 3.7 -0.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 1.5 1.3 -0.6 -1.9 1.5 0.5 0.7 -0.7
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted percentage 0.9 2.0 4.3 -2.1 -1.7 -1.6 -1.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.0 -1.5 -1.5 -1.4 -1.3 1.7
Whole body water mass 0.3 1.9 8.0 -1.3 -1.3 -1.5 -1.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.1 0.6 -0.9 -2.0 -0.8 2.8
Leg predicted mass (right) 0.3 1.8 8.4 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -0.8 -0.9 -0.6 0.9 -0.8 -1.9 -0.4 2.9
Arm fat mass (left) 0.3 1.4 3.8 -1.9 -1.1 -0.9 -1.2 0.7 0.5 0.8 -0.7 0.4 -1.9 -0.5 2.0
Number of self-reported non-cancer illnesses 0.7 1.2 4.3 -0.2 0.4 0.7 0.1 2.1 1.9 1.1 -1.1 1.7 -0.5 0.6 0.2
Average weekly champagne plus white wine intake 0.4 0.5 1.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.8 -0.5 -0.9 -0.8 0.0 1.2 -1.2 -0.1 -0.4 0.8
Miserableness 1.0 1.7 3.6 -0.9 -1.6 -1.6 -1.1 -1.8 -1.9 -1.7 -1.1 -1.5 0.2 -0.6 0.1
Guilty feelings 0.6 0.9 4.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 -2.0 -2.0 -0.4 -0.1 -0.9 -0.5 -0.0 0.5
Wears glasses or contact lenses 0.8 0.9 2.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 -0.1 0.6 -1.1 0.4 0.4
Ever taken oral contraceptive pill 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 -0.4 -0.6 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.5
Hearing aid user 1.7 1.9 5.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 2.4 1.4 -1.1 1.5 0.3
Mother’s age at death 2.2 2.7 5.5 -2.2 -1.9 -2.0 -2.4 0.7 0.5 1.1 -1.5 -2.1 -0.7 -2.0 1.2
Financial situation satisfaction 1.2 1.5 3.1 -1.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 1.8 1.5 1.1 -1.0 1.5 -1.7 -0.0 1.6
Tinnitus: Yes, now most or all of the time 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.9 -0.1 -0.8 -0.2 0.7
Commuting to job workplace: Public transport 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 0.3 -0.0
Eye problems/disorders: Glaucoma 0.3 0.3 1.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.5 -0.4 -1.1 0.5 -0.5 -0.4 0.9
Medication: Blood pressure 0.4 0.8 2.4 0.5 -0.0 0.2 0.4 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -0.1 0.4 1.0 0.3 -0.9
Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Hip pain 0.3 0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.0 -0.1 0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.9 -0.7
Supplements: Fish oil (including cod liver oil) 1.0 1.3 5.4 -0.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.9 0.9 1.7 -2.0 0.2 -2.3 -0.2 1.1
High cholesterol (Self-reported) 0.3 0.5 1.8 -1.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.9 0.8 0.6 -1.3 0.3 -0.7 -1.0 0.6
Medication: Bendroflumethiazide 0.7 1.1 4.1 0.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -1.7 -1.0 1.9 -0.8 -2.0
Medication: Paracetamol 1.1 1.7 3.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.7 -0.1 1.7 0.8 1.4 -2.0
Medication: Lisinopril 0.2 0.3 0.9 -0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.9 0.1 -0.3 0.9 -0.6 -0.9
Medication: Atorvastatin 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.0 0.4 -0.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 -0.1
Illnesses of father: High blood pressure 0.5 0.6 1.7 -1.3 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.4 -0.5 0.3 -1.3 -0.9 -0.4 -0.7 -0.0
Alcohol drinker status: Never 3.9 4.7 10.9 1.5 2.9 3.1 2.8 1.5 1.6 0.5 2.4 3.3 -0.4 2.2 -1.3
Ever smoked 1.5 2.7 9.7 -2.1 -1.8 -1.8 -1.8 1.7 1.5 -0.0 -3.1 -1.0 0.5 -1.3 0.2
Basal metabolic rate 0.4 2.0 8.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.5 -1.7 -0.4 -0.5 0.0 0.4 -0.7 -2.1 -0.9 2.9
Leg fat percentage (left) 0.6 2.0 7.9 -2.8 -1.1 -0.6 -1.1 1.1 0.8 1.7 -1.7 1.3 -1.7 -0.4 1.3
Arm fat-free mass (left) 0.4 2.0 7.2 -1.3 -1.6 -1.7 -1.8 -0.7 -0.9 0.0 0.4 -0.9 -1.9 -1.0 2.7
Number of operations (self-reported) 1.9 2.9 11.2 -3.3 -2.2 -2.1 -1.9 0.6 0.2 0.1 -2.8 -0.6 0.5 -0.9 0.6
Average weekly beer plus cider intake 0.2 0.3 1.6 -0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.0 -0.9 0.1 0.5
Irritability 0.3 0.6 3.2 -1.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7 0.9
Risk taking 0.3 0.5 2.7 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.6 -1.6
Ever had prostate specific antigen (PSA) test 1.4 1.6 4.1 -0.5 -1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -0.0 -0.0 -1.2 -2.0 -1.8 1.4 -1.9 -0.7
Fractured/broken bones in last 5 years 2.6 3.4 8.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.4 0.9 1.0 0.3 1.7 2.7 0.2 2.9 -1.3
Age started oral contraceptive pill 0.5 0.7 3.6 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 -0.7 -0.6 0.2 1.9 -0.5 0.1 0.7 -0.5
Diastolic blood pressure, automated reading 0.4 1.3 7.0 -0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.6 -1.2 1.0 2.1 0.6 -2.6
Ever depressed for a whole week 0.2 0.3 2.1 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.5
Unable to work because of sickness or disability 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 -0.8 1.1 -0.3 0.9 0.3
Commuting to job workplace: Cycle 1.1 1.3 4.1 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 -0.2 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.2 -0.5 1.1 -0.8
Myopia 1.8 2.7 7.7 -2.6 -1.9 -1.8 -1.2 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -2.8 -1.1 -0.8 -1.8 2.1
Vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor 0.7 1.8 6.8 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.0 -2.6 -0.1 2.5
Cholesterol lowering medication 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.5 -1.1 0.7 0.7
Medication: Omeprazole (e.g. Zanprol) 0.7 0.9 4.2 -0.0 -0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 2.0 -0.7 0.3 -2.1 0.3 1.2
Pain experienced in last month 0.4 0.6 2.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 -1.5 -0.6 -1.4 1.0
Supplements: Calcium 0.4 0.4 2.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.7 0.8 0.1 -1.4 -0.5 0.6 0.2 -0.3
Basal cell carcinoma (self-reported) 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 -0.0 0.0 -0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.0
Heart attack/myocardial infarction (self-reported) 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.9 0.2 -0.4
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (self-reported) 0.4 0.6 1.9 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.3 1.1 -0.7 0.5 -0.2
Heart disease (siblings) 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 -0.0 -0.2 -0.7 1.0 0.2 -1.4
Alcohol drinker status: Previous 0.4 0.4 1.2 -0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1 -0.0 -0.9 1.0 1.1
Pack years of smoking 0.4 0.5 2.7 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.7 1.4 -0.3 -0.6 0.9 -0.5 0.3 -0.2
Impedance of whole body 0.1 0.5 3.0 -0.1 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 1.7 -0.5 -1.2
Leg fat mass (left) 0.5 1.9 7.2 -2.7 -1.3 -1.0 -1.4 0.6 0.3 1.0 -1.1 0.7 -1.9 -0.5 1.9
Arm predicted mass (left) 0.3 1.7 7.1 -1.2 -1.2 -1.3 -1.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.5 -2.0 -0.7 2.7